Deconstructing Disney – Details, episodes & analysis

Episode Summary

Family superhero saga, The Incredibles (2004), was another smash hit for Pixar. Although fun to watch, the focus on a middle aged male protagonist leads Erin and Rachel to ask once again, who is this movie really for?

Episode Bibliography

Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A new kind of monster, cowboy, and crusader? Gender hegemony and flows of masculinities in Pixar animated films. Boyhood Studies, 13(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104

Barrier, M. (2005, February 27). Brad Bird. Michael Barrier. http://www.michaelbarrier.com/Interviews/Bird/Bird_Interview.htm

Bird, B. (Director). (2004). The Incredibles [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios. 

D, S. (2004, November 4). Michael Giacchino Interview. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/04/michael-giacchino-interview

Desowitz, B. (2004, November 5). Brad Bird & Pixar Tackle CG Humans Like True Superheroes. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/brad-bird-pixar-tackle-cg-humans-true-superheroes

DVDXtras. (2024, February 7). The Incredibles (2004) | Behind the Scenes + Deleted Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iimbuPBVrvY

Ebert, R. (2004, November 4). The Incredibles movie review & film summary (2004). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-incredibles-2004

Edelstein, D. (2004, November 4). Reality Bytes. The Incredible Incredibles. https://slate.com/culture/2004/11/the-incredible-incredibles.html

Gillam, K., & Wooden, S. R. (2008). Post-princess models of gender: The new man in Disney/Pixar. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 36(1), 2-8. doi:  10.3200/JPFT.36.1.2-8

Hill, J. (2023, June 28). That Little Old Lady Bears an "Incredibles" Resemblance to ... Jim Hill Media. https://jimhillmedia.com/that-little-old-lady-bears-an-incredibles-resemblance-to/

The Incredibles. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 12, 2024, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0317705/

The Incredibles. (2005). Entertainment Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617231818/http://www.emol.org/film/archives/incredibles/index.html

Lee, M. J. (2004, October 17). Brad Bird, The Incredibles. RadioFree. https://movies.radiofree.com/interviews/theincre_brad_bird.shtml

Macaluso, M. (2018). Postfeminist masculinity: The new Disney norm?. Social Sciences, 7, 221-231. doi: 10.3390/socsci7110221

McCarthy, T. (2004, October 31). The Incredibles. Variety. https://variety.com/2004/film/awards/the-incredibles-3-1200529884/

Michael Giacchino. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved July 12, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Giacchino

Miller, G. E. (2018, June 14). 'Incredibles' Edna Mode is based on these fashion mavens. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2018/06/14/incredibles-edna-mode-is-based-on-these-fashion-mavens/

Moriarity. (2004, November 5). AICN Animation Double-Header! Moriarty Interviews Brad Bird!! Ain't It Cool News. https://web.archive.org/web/20140415053240/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/18753

Ocwieja, J. (2015, June 10). Exceptionalism and “The Incredibles” | by Jeff Ocwieja. Medium. https://medium.com/@jeffocwieja/exceptionalism-and-the-incredibles-3b0764f4de07

Otto, J. (2004, November 4). Interview: Brad Bird. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/05/interview-brad-bird

Patrizio, A. (2005, March 9). An Interview with Brad Bird. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/03/10/an-interview-with-brad-bird

Price, D. A. (2009). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.

Rao, H., Sutton, R., & Webb, A. P. (2008, April 1). Innovation lessons from Pixar: An interview with Oscar-winning director Brad Bird. McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/innovation-lessons-from-pixar-an-interview-with-oscar-winning-director-brad-bird

Rouner, J. (2014, June 23). 5 Ways The Incredibles Is Ayn Randian Propaganda. HoustonPress. https://www.houstonpress.com/arts/5-ways-the-incredibles-is-ayn-randian-propaganda-6364574

Sonnack, M. (2021, December 19). The Incredibles' Rejected Villain Xerek, Explained. CBR. https://www.cbr.com/xerek-incredibles-rejected-villain-explained/

Travers, P. (2004, November 3). The Incredibles. Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-reviews/the-incredibles-255640/

Winter, J. (2004, October 26). Full Metal Racket. The Village Voice. https://web.archive.org/web/20110604015209/https://www.villagevoice.com/2004-10-26/film/full-metal-racket/

Wooden, S.R., & Gillam, K. (2014). Pixar’s boy stories: Masculinity in a postmodern age. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel venture to the Old West to discuss the oft forgotten 2004 flop Home on the Range. The convoluted plot, juvenile humor, and unsympathetic characters make for a frustrating viewing experience. Most critics and audience members seem to agree this movie would be best put out to pasture. 

Episode Bibliography

#26. A Conversation with John Sanford. (n.d.). Fülle Circle Magazine. https://www.fullecirclemagazine.com/2008/12/conversation-with-john-sanford.html

Dudley, S. (2018, July 6). Trailblazers: The Making of Home on the Range (2004). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3h7Bc6YjzD8

Ebert, R. (2004, April 2). Home on the Range movie review (2004). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/home-on-the-range-2004

Finn, W., & Sanford, J. (Directors). (2004). Home on the Range [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Home on the Range. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3411641857/

Home on the Range. (n.d.). IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0299172/?ref_=ttfc_fc_tt

Home on the Range (2004 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_on_the_Range_(2004_film)#Accolades

Library of Congress. (n.d.). The American West, 1865-1900. https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/rise-of-industrial-america-1876-1900/american-west-1865-1900/

Mitchell, E. (2004, April 2). FILM REVIEW; A Western With Watercolor Vistas and a Passel of Parody. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/02/movies/film-review-a-western-with-watercolor-vistas-and-a-passel-of-parody.html

Ness, M. (2016, November 10). Udderly Awful Yodeling: Disney's Home on the Range. Reactor. https://reactormag.com/udderly-awful-yodeling-disneys-home-on-the-range/

O’Boyle, J.G. (1996). “Be sure you’re right, then go ahead”: The early Disney westerns. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 24(2). DOI: 10.1080/01956051.1996.9943716

Puig, C. (2004, April 2). Also Opening. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2004-04-02-also-opening_x.htm

Rhett, W. (2004, March 25). Special Report From Rhett Wickham: Honing the Range (Part One). Laughing Place. https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID210270.asp

Singer, G. (2004, April 2). Home Sweet Home. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/home-sweet-home

Street, R. (2005, February 25). Mike Gabriel Talks Oscar Nominee Lorenzo. Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/2005/02/mike-gabriel-talks-oscar-nominee-lorenzo/

Turan, K. (2004, April 2). 'Range' takes off at a frenzied trot. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-02-et-kenny2-story.html

Wilmington, M. (2004). Movie review: 'Home on the Range'. Metromix. https://web.archive.org/web/20040409105739/http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/mmx-040402-movies-review-mw-homeontherange,0,723631.story?coll=mmx-movies_top_heds

Youseph, R. (2021, March 14). Interview with Roger Yuan. Kung-Fu Kingdom. https://kungfukingdom.com/interview-with-roger-yuan/#google_vignette

Episode Summary

Disney animators combined computer generated animation with live action background scenery to create the visually stunning Dinosaur (2000). Unfortunately, the boring plot and lackluster characters leave Erin and Rachel wishing that these dinosaurs would hurry up and go extinct. 

Episode Bibliography

Aguilar, C. (2020, May 26). Celebrating the risk-taking greatness of Disney’s Dinosaur, 20 years later. RogerEbert.com. 

Blankstein, A. (1998, February 28). Boom's Counterweight Cited as Possible Cause of Fatal Accident. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-28-me-23933-story.html

Blankstein, A. (1998, April 14). Disney Sued by Family of Man Killed on Film Set. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-14-me-39062-story.html

Blankstein, A. (1998, April 29). Disney Co. Fined $5000 in Death of Film Crew Member. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-29-me-44138-story.html

Business/Entertainment Editors & Retail Writers. (2000, May 18). SKECHERS USA announces its participation in McDonald's national campaign promoting walt disney pictures' ‘Dinosaur’.  Business Wire. 

Dinosaur (2000 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_(2000_film)

Ebert, R. (2000, May 19). Dinosaur movie review & film summary (2000). Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/dinosaur-2000

Hill, J. (2003, January 14). The Sad Tale of Disney's Secret Lab. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/the-sad-tale-of-disneys-secret-lab/

Jackson Hall, W. (2000, June 1). Disney Takes a BIG Departure from Formula with Dinosaur. Animation World Network. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-takes-big-departure-formula-dinosaur

Matsumoto, J. (2000, May 27). Dinosaurs May Be a Monster Hit Beyond the Box Office. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-27-ca-34473-story.html

McCarthy, T. (2000, May 8). Dinosaur. Variety. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/dinosaur-1200462446/

Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K., (2011). That’s all folks?: Ecocritical readings of American animated features. University of Nebraska Press. 

Ness, M. (2016, October 6). Who knew Dinosaurs Could Be This Boring? Disney's Dinosaur. Tor.com. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/06/who-knew-dinosaurs-could-be-this-boring-disneys-dinosaur/

Out Of The Storm. (n.d.). Kate Bush Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.katebushencyclopedia.com/out-of-the-storm

Phil Tippett. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Tippett

Plesset, R. (1999, February). Phil Tippett, Dinosaur. Cinefantastique Magazine, 31(1-2), 43-44.

Robertson, B. (2000, May). BEAUTY... and the BEASTS. Computer Graphics World. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2000/Volume-23-Issue-5-May-2000-/BEAUTY-and-the-BEASTS.aspx

Sanders, R. (2021, February 24). Our earliest primate ancestors rapidly spread after dinosaur extinction. Berkeley News. https://news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/our-earliest-primate-ancestors-rapidly-spread-after-dinosaur-extinction

Sexton, T. (2019, February 13). Associate professor discussion work on Disney’s Dinosaur. The Blue Banner. https://thebluebanner.net/10117/arts-features/associate-professor-discusses-work-on-disneys-dinosaur/

Shen, F. (2000, June 21). ‘Dinosaur’ rewrites pre-history. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/06/21/dinosaur-rewrites-pre-history/738725d0-5c8c-439f-a5ff-9f997420da76/

Stack, P. (2000, May 14). Digital Animation Evolves / Disney's `Dinosaur' a giant step forward. SFGATE. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Digital-Animation-Evolves-Disney-s-Dinosaur-a-2759935.php

Taylor, D. (2020, May 19). How Dinosaur, a movie you've forgotten existed, shaped the Disney landscape forever. Syfy. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/dinosaur-2000-disney-changes-secret-lab

Tretiakova, Y. (2021, March 30). 10 Things You Didn't Know About Disney's Dinosaur. CBR. Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://www.cbr.com/disney-dinosaur-movie-trivia/#it-was-the-most-expensive-computer-animated-movie-at-the-time

Tripp, B. (2022, February 15). Countdown to Extinction: Inside the Evolution of Animal Kingdom's Time-Traveling DINOSAUR Dark Ride. Park Lore. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://parklore.com/main/lost-legend/dinosaur/

Turan, K. (2000, May 19). What Would He Say? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-19-ca-31579-story.html

Verrier, R. (2000, April 15). DISNEY TAKES DINO-SIZE STEP – Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2000-04-16-0004140533-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, March 28). the Making of Dinosaur the Movie. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e39KifR6AOo

VHS BTS. (2019, April 1). Dinosaur: Larger Than Life. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxlfy6Hzn7E

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Zondag, R., & Leighton, E. (Directors). (2000). Dinosaur [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Episode Summary

Originally planned for a direct-to-video release, Toy Story 2 (1999) was deemed too good for the small screen and instead enjoyed a theatrical release that was met with rave reviews. The addition of a plucky heroine with a tragic backstory mitigates some of the toxic masculinity from the first installment, but ableism and fatphobia manage to sneak in. 

Episode Bibliography

ABC News. (2000, October 24). Profane Toy Story 2 Recalled. ABC News. Retrieved March 29, 2023, from https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=114164&page=1

Aguilera, L. (2015, October 7). EXCLUSIVE: 'Toy Story' Writer Debunks Two of the Biggest Pixar Fan Theories! Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://www.etonline.com/news/173521_exclusive_pixar_fan_theory_pete_docter_toy_story_4

Cohen, K. (1999, December 1). Toy Story 2 Is Not Your Typical Hollywood Sequel. Animation World Network. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/toy-story-2-not-your-typical-hollywood-sequel

Ebert, R. (1999, November 24). Toy Story 2 movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-2-1999

Gennusa, C. (1999, December 18). Disney will add 'bloopers' to 'Toy Story 2". Quad-City Times, 4W.

Jones, A. (2014, April 6). Ed Catmull's 'Creativity, Inc.' is a thoughtful look at Pixar. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-books-20140406-story.html

Kapur, J. (2005). Obsolescence and other playroom anxieties: Childhood in the shadows of late capital. Rethinking Marxism, 17(2), 237-255. doi: 10.1080/08935690500046793

Lasseter, J. (Director). (1999). Toy Story 2 [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.

McCloud, T. (2022, February 16). 'Lightyear' Producer Credited With Saving 'Toy Story 2' After Deletion. Newsweek. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.newsweek.com/lightyear-producer-credited-saving-toy-story-2-after-deletion-1680072

Ness, M. (2020, March 27). A Weighty Sequel: Rewatching Pixar's Toy Story 2. Tor.com. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2020/03/27/a-weighty-sequel-rewatching-pixars-toy-story-2/

Oliver, S. (2017, March 31). The Making of Toy Story 2. YouTube. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkiEyseaM1k

Panzarino, M. (2012, May 21). How Toy Story 2 Got Deleted Twice, Once on Accident, Again on purpose. TheNextWeb. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://thenextweb.com/news/how-pixars-toy-story-2-was-deleted-twice-once-by-technology-and-again-for-its-own-good

Pixar Animation Studios. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/toy-story-2

Price, D. A. (2008). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Alfred A. Knopf.

Schwarzbaum, L. (2010, March 26). Movie Review: Toy Story 2 | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2010/03/26/movie-review-toy-story-2/

Stark, S. (2022, March 1). It’s time to abolish the fat villain trope. Inverse. https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/abolish-the-fat-villain-trope

Toy Story 2. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story_2

Toy Story 2. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1417119233/

Turan, K. (1999, November 19). Seeking the Meaning of (Shelf) Life. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-nov-19-ca-35106-story.html

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel swing to the end of the Disney Renaissance with their discussion of Tarzan (1999). The hosts fault the filmmakers for their choice of racist, misogynistic source material, but applaud the stunning visuals, quotable script, and catchy soundtrack. 

Episode Bibliography

Abbott, J. (1999, June 7). A FRESH TARZAN. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1999-06-08-9906070397-story.html

Asclepi. (2012, June 26). The Making Of Tarzan. YouTube. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drOxNNGwop4

Bruce W.... - African-American Animators - Past & Present. (n.d.). Facebook. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://m.facebook.com/211281015572088/photos/bruce-w-smith-first-african-american-supervising-animator-for-disney-he-supervis/211284832238373/

Burroughs, E. R. (1914). Tarzan of the Apes. A.L. Burt & Co.

Berglund, J. (1999). Write, right, white, rite: Literacy, imperialism, race, and cannibalism in Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes. Studies in American Literature, 27(1), 58-64. DOI: 10.1353/saf.1999.0011

Bettany, S., & Belk, R.W. (2011). Disney discourses of self and Other: animality, primitivity, modernity, and postmodernity. Consumption Markets & Culture, 14(2), 163-176. DOI: 10.1080/10253866.2011.562017

Brode, D. (2006). Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment. University of Texas Press. 

Daly, S. (2000, February 4). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2000/02/04/tarzan-6/

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. 

Ebert, R. (1999, June 18). Tarzan movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/tarzan-1999

Eller, C. (1999, June 11). Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.html

Fafowora, O. (2017). Imagining the 'Dark Continent': Disney's Tarzan and defining the African post-colonial subject. Reinvention, 11(1).

Fleeman, M. (1999, June 17). Phil Collins goes out on a limb, scores with 'Tarzan' soundrack. The Daily Gazette, C9.

Jurca, C. (1996). Tarzan, Lord of the suburbs. Modern Language Quarterly, 57(3), 483. DOI: 10.1215/00267929-57-3-479.

Hill, J. (2016, September 22). Would Woody Allen have been a better fit for LeFou in Disney's “Beauty and the Beast” ? HuffPost. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/would-woody-allen-have-been-a-better-fit-for-lefou_b_57e4499ae4b09f67131e3f40?timestamp=1474582581075

Howe, D. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/tarzanhowe.htm

Lawson, T., & Ridder, K. -. (1999, June 15). `TARZAN' YELL. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-16-9906160335-story.html

Lima, K., & Buck, C. (Directors). (1999). Tarzan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

MacEacheran, M. (2014, March 5). Tarzan’s bewitching jungle home. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20140220-tarzans-bewitching-jungle-home

Maslin, J. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan': Monkey Business -- Rewriting the Jungle Book. The New York Times Web Archive. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/061899tarzan-film-review.html

McCarthy, T. (1999, June 7). Tarzan. Variety. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/tarzan-1117499855/

Naughton, J. (1999, May 2). Against All Odds. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-02-ca-33052-story.html

Ness, M. (2016, April 14). The End of the Disney Renaissance: Tarzan. Tor.com. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/04/14/the-end-of-the-disney-renaissance-tarzan/

Newsinger, John (1986). Lord Greystoke and darkest Africa: the politics of the Tarzan stories. Race and Class, 28(2), 61–64. DOI: 10.1177/030639688602800204

Newsinger, J. (2000). Me Disney, you Tarzan. Race and Class, 42(1), 78. 

Noyer, J. (2008, March 21). Get Enchanted ! Chapter Six: Director Kevin Lima and exec producer Chris Chase. Animated Views. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-six-kevin-lima-and-chris-chase/

Schwarzbaum, L. (1999, June 25). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1999/06/25/tarzan-5/

Strickler, J. (1999, June 13). Tarzan swings by Disney. Star Tribune, F18.

Taliaferro, J. (2002). Tarzan forever: The life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of Tarzan. Simon & Schuster. 

Tarzan (1999 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_(1999_film)

Tarzan of the Apes. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_of_the_Apes

Turan, K. (1999, June 16). Vine, Woman and Song. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-16-ca-46893-story.html

Wannamaker, A., & Abate, M. A. (Eds.). (2012). Global Perspectives on Tarzan: From King of the Jungle to International Icon. Routledge.

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Weeks, J. (1999, June 27). Tarzan and the race card: The ape-man's creator might have believed in white superiority, but the new Disney film goes out of its way to avoid the black and white issues. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-06-27-9906280262-story.html

Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.) . Ashgate.

Wilmington, M. (1999, June 17). TECHNO `TARZAN'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-18-9906180286-story.html

Episode Summary

Despite competing with a similar insect-themed offering from DreamWorks, Pixar’s sophomore feature film, A Bug’s Life (1998), earned positive reviews at the box office and solidified the reputation of the animation studio. Although misogyny, racism, and fatphobia are sprinkled throughout, Rachel eagerly celebrates this movie as a depiction of Marxist class revolution; Erin is less enthusiastic. 

Episode Bibliography

Antz. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120587/?ref_=bo_se_r_1

Bansinath, B. (2022, November 16). All of the Allegations Against Kevin Spacey. The Cut. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.thecut.com/article/all-of-the-allegations-against-actor-kevin-spacey.html

Brew, S. (2016, March 24). Widescreen, pan and scan, and the slow rise of letterboxing. Den of Geek. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/widescreen-pan-and-scan-and-the-slow-rise-of-letterboxing/

Brown, A. (2012, June 12). Ants. Why Did It Have To Be Ants?: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2012/06/12/ants-why-did-it-have-to-be-ants-a-bugs-life/

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Burrows, P. (1998, November 12). ANTZ VS. BUGS: The inside story of how Dreamworks beat Pixar to the screen. Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128083348/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605013.htm

Burrows, P. (1998, November 13). STEVE JOBS, MOVIE MOGUL: Can he build Pixar into a major studio? Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128070945/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605001.htm

Carlson, W. E. (2017). 6.7 Pacific Data Images (PDI) – Computer Graphics and Computer Animation: A Retrospective Overview. The Ohio State University Pressbooks. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/graphicshistory/chapter/6-7-pacific-data-images-pdi/

Caruso, S. (2022, October 6). A Timeline of Kevin Spacey's Controversies, as He Faces Sexual Assault Trial in New York City. People. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://people.com/tv/kevin-spacey-controversy-timeline/

Clinton, P. (1998, November 20). Review: 'A Bug's Life' hits a bulls-eye. CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9811/20/review.bugs.life/

Corliss, R. (1998, November 30). Cinema: Bugs Funny. TIME.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,989666,00.html

Cuenca-Orellana, N., & López-Heredia, P. (2020). Male and female workers: Gender treatment through Pixar’s films. index.comunicación, 10(1), 97-123. 

Davis, S. (1998, October 2). Animated Film Directors Bring Insects to Life. The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1998/10/02/animated-film-directors-bring-insects-to-life/62267152007/

Ebert, R. (1998, November 25). A Bug's Life movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-bugs-life-1998

Failes, I. (2017, November 25). 'Geri's Game' Turns 20: Director Jan Pinkava Reflects On The Game-Changing Pixar Short. Cartoon Brew. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/cgi/geris-game-turns-20-director-jan-pinkava-reflects-game-changing-pixar-short-154646.html

Gleiberman, O. (1998, November 20). A Bug's Life | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1998/11/20/bugs-life/

Gomez, P. (2020, May 26). A Bug's Life is the technological marvel Pixar left behind. The A.V. Club. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.avclub.com/a-bug-s-life-is-the-technological-marvel-pixar-left-beh-1843575964

Grebey, J. (2018, November 24). Why A Bug's Life Is an Underrated Pixar Classic. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/why-a-bugs-life-is-an-underrated-pixar-classic

Hunter, S. (1998, November 25). 'A Bug's Life' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/reviews/bugslifehunter.htm

Iverson, J. (1999, February 14). A Bug's Life Becomes First All-Digital DVD Release. Sound & Vision. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.soundandvision.com/content/ia-bugs-lifei-becomes-first-all-digital-dvd-release

Julie, & T.J. (2013, January 31). A Bug's Life - Director's Commentary Review. Pixar Post. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://pixarpost.com/2013/01/a-bugs-life-directors-commentary-review.html

King, S. (1999, April 22). A New Look for 'Bug'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-22-ca-29763-story.html

Lasseter, J., & Stanton, A. (Directors). (1998). A Bug’s Life [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. 

Marshall, A. (2022, November 16). Kevin Spacey Faces New Sexual Assault Charges in U.K. The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/16/arts/uk-kevin-spacey-sexual-assault-charges.html

McCarthy, T. (1998, November 29). A Bug's Life. Variety. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/a-bug-s-life-1200455803/

Mulder, C. P. (2013). It’s the time of your life: Marxism in animated films. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 25(2), 284-292. DOI: 10.1080/08935696.2012.696806

Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K. (2011). That’s all folks? Ecocritical readings of American animated features. Nebraska. 

Ness, M. (2017, February 23). Insects and Corporate Infighting: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2017/02/23/insects-and-corporate-infighting-a-bugs-life/

Pixar. (2016, October 13). Filmmakers Round Table | A Bug's Life | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKWKasuMXtk

Pixar. (2023). Translucency and Subsurface Scattering. Pixar's RenderMan. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://renderman.pixar.com/resources/RenderMan_20/subsurface.html

Pixar Animation Studios - a bug's life. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/a-bugs-life

Stack, P. (1998, November 25). "Bug's" Has Legs / Cute insect adventure a visual delight. SFGATE. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Bug-s-Has-Legs-Cute-insect-adventure-a-visual-2976395.php

Subsurface scattering. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_scattering

VHS BTS. (2019, March 28). Living A Bugs Life. YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Msedi5Ao0

WAusJackBauer. (2016, March 4). A Bug's Life - Behind The Scenes (1080p). YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHfMUZ73ybg

Wilmington, M. (1998, November 24). A BUG'S LIFE. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-11-25-9811250037-story.html

Wisecrack. (2022, January 31) Antz vs. A Bug's Life: Who Loves Capitalism More?[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCpxP51SOmE

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel explore the mess of gender and culture in Mulan (1998), Disney’s adaptation of an ancient Chinese legend. The plucky heroine promotes the “Girl Power” feminism that has fueled the female protagonists of most Disney Renaissance films, but does so in a way that manages to completely misrepresent Chinese culture and values. Spoiler alert: Chinese audiences did not love this movie. 

Episode Bibliography

Abbott, J. (1998, June 21). FLORIDA ANIMATION STUDIO COMES OF AGE WITH MULAN. The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20181119022905/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1998-06-21-9806190194-story.html

Bancroft, T., & Cook, B. (Directors). (1998). Mulan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Červinka, P. (2015, April 21). The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zHSJBwhuUk

Chen, R., Chen, Z., & Yang, Y. (2021). The creation and operation strategy of Disney’s Mulan: Cultural appropriation and cultural discount. Sustainability, 13(5), doi: 10.3390/su13052751

Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney’s feature animation. John Libbey & Company.

Dong, L. (2010). Mulan’s legend and legacy in China and the United States. Temple University Press. 

Ebert, R. (1998, June 19). Mulan movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mulan-1998

Elise. (2019). Who made the Universal Studios theme music? Quora. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.quora.com/Who-made-the-Universal-Studios-theme-music

Eller, C. (1998, June 12). Bridled Optimism. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-12-fi-59077-story.html

England, D. E., Descartes, L., & Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9930-7

Failes, I. (2020, September 26). The CG side of the animated 'Mulan'. befores & afters. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://beforesandafters.com/2020/09/26/the-cg-side-of-the-animated-mulan/

Fleeman, M. (1998, July 12). World Tibet Network News: Hollywood hopes more movies will follow Clinton to China. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110705114829/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1998&m=7&p=12_2

Gleiberman, O. (1998, June 19). Mulan | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1998/06/19/mulan-3/

Grady, C. (2020, September 4). The history of Mulan, from a 6th-century ballad to the live-action Disney movie. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/21412785/mulan-history-original-chinese-ballad-disney

Haynes, S. (2020, September 4). The controversial origins of the story behind Mulan. TIME. https://time.com/5881064/mulan-real-history/

Heritage Learning- Kallispell, MT. (2016, November 2). Fa Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsaE6CgW4Uk

Hoffmann, E. S. (2019). Diversity dissected: Intersectional socialization in Disney’s Aladdin, Mulan, and The Princess and the Frog. Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, 5, 60-126.

King, S. (1998, June 25). Fa, a Long Long Way to Come. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-25-ca-63261-story.html

Kung, J. (2019). Disney’s Mulan and unlocking queer Asian-American masculinity. sprinkle: An Undergraduate Journal of Feminist and Queer Studies, 12, 40-49. 

Kurtenbach, E. (1999, February 8). World Tibet Network News: China Allows Disney Film Screening. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110610074601/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1999&m=2&p=8_5

Kurtti, J. (2020). The Art of Mulan: A Disney Editions Classic. Disney Editions.

Labi, N. (1998, June 29). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080415124047/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988643-1,00.html

Labi, N. (2001, June 24). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,139472,00.html

Lando, J. (1999, March 19). BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Chinese unimpressed with Disney's Mulan. BBC News Home. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/299618.stm

Langfitt, F. (1999, May 3). Disney magic fails 'Mulan' in China. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140224180211/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-05-03/features/9905030250_1_disney-s-mulan-sui-dynasty-chinese

Martin, S. K. (2013, March 12). Tony Bancroft on 'Mulan': 'I Want to Bring Christian-Based Values to All My Work'. Christian Post. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.christianpost.com/news/tony-bancroft-on-mulan-i-want-to-bring-christian-based-values-to-all-my-work-90987/

Maslin, J. (1998, June 19). FILM REVIEW; A Warrior, She Takes on Huns and Stereotypes (Published 1998). The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/19/movies/film-review-a-warrior-she-takes-on-huns-and-stereotypes.html

Mulan. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3664086529/weekend/

Mulan (1998) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120762/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_wr_sm

Mulan (Jerry Goldsmith). (2007, July 7). Filmtracks. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/mulan.html

Ness, M. (2016, March 31). Girl Power, A Cricket, and a Dragon: Disney's Mulan. Tor.com. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/31/girl-power-a-cricket-and-a-dragon-disneys-mulan/

Noyer, J. (n.d.). Mulan (1998 film). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)

Noyer, J. (2008, August 14). Tony Bancroft balances the yin and the yang in directing Mulan – Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/tony-bancroft-balances-the-yin-and-the-yang-in-directing-mulan/

Romano, A. (2017, October 10). McDonald's Szechuan Sauce inspired a Rick and Morty fan meltdown. Vox. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/10/16448816/rick-and-morty-szechuan-sauce-backlash

Siskel, G. (1998, June 18). MULDER, SCULLY MAKE A GOOD TEAM – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-19-9806190112-story.html

Turan, K. (1998, June 19). 'Mulan': Formula With a New Flavor. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-19-ca-61328-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, March 22). From Legend to Life The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUMh3si5lxs

Wang, Z. (2020, July 10). Cultural “Authenticity” as a Conflict-Ridden Hypotext: Mulan (1998), Mulan Joins the Army (1939), and a Millennium-Long Intertextual Metamorphosis. Arts, 9(3), 78. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts9030078

Wang, Z. (2021, December 6). From Mulan (1998) to Mulan (2020): Disney Conventions, Cross-Cultural Feminist Intervention, and a Compromised Progress. Arts, 11(1), 5. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts11010005

Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.

Yin, J. (2011). Popular culture and public imaginary: Disney vs. Chinese stories of Mulan. Javnost – The Public, 18(1), 53-74.  Doi: 10.1080/13183222.2011.11009051 

Zhao, X. J. (2020, October 24). Everything culturally right and wrong with Mulan 1998 [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SHC7CnmErM

Episode Summary

Unlike its eponymous protagonist, Hercules (1997) is more “zero” than “hero.” Erin and Rachel discuss the film’s rampant misogyny and obnoxious product placement. Compelling vocal performances and soaring musical numbers–the last of Alan Menken’s contributions during the Disney Renaissance–can’t rescue this box office disappointment from the River of Death. Much like Achilles, it just doesn’t go the distance. 

Episode Bibliography

Callaway, T. (2012, August 1). Susan Egan: Belle, Meg, Glamour and Goop - Part 2. The Mouse Castle. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from http://www.themousecastle.com/2012/08/susan-egan-belle-meg-glamour-and-goop.html

Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1997). Hercules  [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Crouch, L. (1997, February 13). Disney Promotional Tour A Herculean Undertaking. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063452/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-13/news/9702120413_1_hera-movie-animator

DiSessa, K. J. (2020, November 24). The Illusion of Empowerment: A Feminist Analysis of Disney's "Hercules". Inquiries Journal. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1842/the-illusion-of-empowerment-a-feminist-analysis-of-disneys-hercules

Diuguid, C. (1997, June 16). Herculean block party. Variety. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/herculean-block-party-1116679409/

Dreher, R. (1997, June 22). 'Hercules' Is A Bit Hipper This Time Out. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130239/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/9706201020_1_hercules-john-musker-scarfe

Gillespie, S. A. (2012, May 7). John Musker Question Countdown #3 — Howard Ashman. Howard Ashman. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.howardashman.com/blog/john-musker-question-countdown-3/

The Great Greek Hero. (1997, November 9). The Sunday Times On The Web - Mirror Magazine. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.sundaytimes.lk/971109/mirror2.html

Hartl, J. (1997, June 22). Disney's `Hercules' Plays Up The Comic Side Of An Epic Tale -- Missing From The Disney Treatment Of The Hercules Story Will Be Some Darker Details Of His Life, Including His Illegitimate Birth. The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970622&slug=2545749

Hercules (1997 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_(1997_film)

Hill, J. (2001, April 5). Part Four: Who the hell do we get to play Hades? Laughing Place. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-PID115030-115034.asp

Hill, J. (2012, October 19). Disney favorite Susan Egan to perform this Sunday afternoon at LBCC's Music Scholarship Gala Concert. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/disney-favorite-susan-egan-to-perform-this-sunday-afternoon-at-lbccs-music-scholarship-gala-concert/

Howe, D. (1997, June 27). Disney's Myth Conception. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeshowe.htm

Johnson, T. (1997, February 5). ‘Hercules’ hangs out at the malls. Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/hercules-hangs-out-at-the-malls-1117435863/

Kempley, R. (1997, June 27). Disney's 'Hercules': Myth for the Masses. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeskemp.htm

Klady, L. (1997, June 16). Hercules. Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/hercules-2-1200450181/

Maslin, J. (1997, June 13). Oh, Heavens! What a Hero! The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/13/movies/oh-heavens-what-a-hero.html

Ness, M. (2016, March 17). I Can Go the Merchandising Route: Disney's Hercules. Tor.com. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/17/i-can-go-the-merchandising-route-disneys-hercules/

Primo, C. (2018, November 16). Balancing Gender and Power: How Disney's Hercules Fails to Go the Distance. MDPI. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/7/11/240/htm

Ranieri, N. (2015, May 9). We Don't Know Jack. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/982460605139341

Ranieri, N. (2015, May 23). In Search of Hades. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/988317501220318

Rickey, C. (1997, June 22). Hercules, The Original Superhero He's A Myth Who's Hard To Miss, Starring On Tv And In A New Film. The Latter, By Disney, Cleans Up His Story Considerably. Philly.com. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071845/http://articles.philly.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/25525365_1_zeus-alcmene-hercs

Rizzo, F. (1997, June 16). HERCULES GETS A MAKEOVER – Hartford Courant. Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1997-06-17-9706170026-story.html

Scherer, R. (1997, June 13). Disney's Herculean Feat: Stopping New York Traffic For Movie Premiere Parade. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/0613/061397.us.us.5.html

Siskel, G. (1997, June 19). NO. 4 `BATMAN' STRIKES OUT – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-20-9706200276-story.html

Smith, J. L., & Byrne, C. (1997, October 9). Greeks put Disney's 'Hercules' on trial. The Nation, C1.

Smith, S. (1997, June 26). The Soul of 'Hercules'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-26-ca-6922-story.html

Turan, K. (1997, June 25). 'Hercules' is not your professor's version of the tale, but it is another triumph from Disney animation and quip masters. : Didja Ever Hear the Myth About. . . ? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-25-ca-6546-story.html

VHS BTS. (2019, February 8). Zero to Hero: the Making of Hercules. YouTube. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MP2d-gKAyGU

Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel spend a lot of time wringing their hands over the mature themes in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Disney’s animated film about a bell ringer in medieval France. The film underperformed at the box office; apparently, a children’s movie about adult sexuality is a bell you can’t un-ring. The depictions of disability and race induce further cringing that the dazzling music and visuals can’t completely overcome. Join the party! 

Episode Bibliography

Astier, H. (2014, February 13). France’s unwanted Roma. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25419423

Bahr, S. (2021, June 22). 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' at 25: 'The Most R-Rated G You Will Ever See'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/movies/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.html

Barnes, B. (2022, June 10). After a Political Storm, Gay Days Return to Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/10/style/disney-gay-days.html

Barrère, J. (2022, May 18). Victor Hugo: French writer. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/

Bates, J. (1996, July 23). Quasi-Successful: Do 'Hunchback' Results Signal a Sea Change? LA Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120423/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-23/business/fi-27142_1_disney-animation

Biography.com Editors. (2014, April 2). Victor Hugo Biography. Biography. https://www.biography.com/writer/victor-hugo

Bracken, H. (2022, September 7). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Hunchback-of-Notre-Dame

Bruncati, D. (2020, August 27). Every Disney Renaissance Era Film, Ranked By Budget. Screen Rant. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://screenrant.com/disney-renaissance-films-ranked-budget/

Corliss, R. (1996, June 24). CINEMA: A GRAND CARTOON CATHEDRAL. TIME. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,984745,00.html

Coyne, S. M., & Whitehead, E. (2008). Indirect aggression in animated Disney films. Journal of Communication, 58, 382 –395. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00390.x

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Episode Summary

Erin and Rachel travel to masculinity and beyond in their discussion of Toy Story (1995), the first feature-length entirely computer-animated film. After a thorough discussion of the history of Pixar and the technology of computer animation, the hosts delve into the world of boy toys and wrestle over the problematic representation of female and disabled characters. 

Content warning: Discussions of workplace harassment

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