The Sheep Show Podcast with Jill & Andrew Noble – Details, episodes & analysis

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What cool opportunity to explore shearing with none other than the famous Chloe!

Want to know when to shear, what you need to shear sheep and what breeds are easier to shear - check this episode out!

In this episode we explore:

How did Chloe become a shearer?

How many sheep does she shear each season?

Do you need a qualification to shear? Is that the same everywhere in the world?

Who is her typical customer when it comes to a sheep owner? 

What else do she do with sheep apart from shearing?

Why do sheep need shearing? What would happen if you didn’t shear?

What is crutching? Do all sheep need to be crutched? 

How often do sheep need to be shorn? When would you do it- what time is best? 

What is the easiest sheep to shear and the hardest? Are different breeds different to shear? 

If an owner/breeder is preparing their sheep for shearing what do they need to do to prepare? 

What infrastructure do sheep owners need for shearing? 

What are the risks with shearing sheep? What about injuries to the sheep or human? 

What are tips for breeders if they wanted to shear their own sheep?

Would you recommend people shear their own sheep!?

What do people do with their wool? 

Shearers can be hard to find,  what advice would you have for people looking at the year ahead and organising their husbandry tasks? 

If you want to learn more about shearing you'll love this chat with Chloe!

Get in touch with Chloe @chloetheshearer on Facebook and www.chloetheshearer.com

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The carnivore diet is not only an incredibly healing way of eating, but also a whole lifestyle that nourishes you, ensuring you maintain that optimal physical health and mental wellness.  Eating a biologically appropriate diet adequately fuels both your body and your mind, enabling your body to restore its nutrient capacity.  Your body then heals by natural design.  Yes, that’s right, it HEALS itself!  It just needs YOU to support it.  

What do you eat? 
 A meat-only diet is pretty self-explanatory — you’re going to eat only meat. Nonetheless, like all diets, there are a few gray areas. 

In this episode we explore Lynsey's journey to becoming carnivore, what this might mean for the red sheep industry in Australia and what the health benefits a carnivore way of eating and way of life might be. 

Contact Lynsey @CarniMumma and via:
https://www.carnivorelifestyleaustralia.com.au/beginners/your-why/health-and-wellness Check out the carnivore friendly products that Lynsey has sourced at https://www.carnivorelifestyleaustralia.com.au/. 

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Wet weather this spring and summer has certainly created ideal conditions for foot problems in sheep. Nearly continuous exposure to moisture softens the hoof’s horny tissues and makes it more vulnerable to irritation, injury, and infection. Those flocks that are affected by classic virulent foot rot (sometimes called contagious foot rot) have likely seen a surge in the number and severity of cases if they have not been attempting to control or eradicate this potentially devastating disease.

Those flock owners who have experienced milder forms of lameness in their flocks may assume that they don’t have foot rot but have a milder condition called “foot scald” or “scald.” Actually there are really two recognized conditions that are sometimes referred to as “scald.” At first the difference may seem academic, but for some producers, it may be more than that.

Virulent, or contagious, foot rot is caused by a synergistic infection with two organisms, Dichelobacter nodosus (formerly Bacteroides nodosus) and Fusobacterium necrophorum. This last organism is in virtually all sheep environments and sets the stage for infection with the organism necessary for foot rot to occur — Dichelobacter nodosus. This organism produces a powerful proteolytic enzyme that dissolves hoof horn and leads to the undermining of the sole, the severe lameness, the foul smell, and the abnormal hoof growth seen with classic virulent foot rot. About 20 different strains of D. nodosus are believed to occur in the US.

True foot rot does not occur in the absence of D. nodosus. However, a less persistent and generally milder condition in which only inflammation between the toes and a slight under-running of the hoof horn occurs in some flocks. Both D. nodosus and F. necrophorum can be isolated from these cases, but the strains of D. nodosus isolated seem have a reduced virulence or ability to produce disease. This condition is technically referred to as benign foot rot but has also been called foot “scald.” It is believed that the strains of D. nodosus that are involved are weak enzyme producers and are less able to produce the severe damage seen with virulent foot rot.

Another infectious and inflammatory condition which involves only the skin between the claws without significant undermining of the horny tissue has been termed ovine interdigital dermatitis (OID), and it has also been called “scald.” The bacteria associated with this condition are F. necrophorum and Actinomyces pyogenes; both of which tend to be common in typical sheep environments. D. nodosus is not involved. The disease usually only occurs when the weather and other conditions on the farm damage the skin and allow these bacteria to create skin infections.  Because the term “scald” has been applied to both OID and benign foot rot, the use of that term can be misleading.  Both conditions usually cause only mild or temporary lameness that may be obvious only in wet periods of the year. From a practical standpoint, the two conditions are difficult to distinguish from one another, and laboratory capability to isolate and serotype D. nodusus is generally not readily available. Foot baths and soaks with 10% zinc sulfate usually result in improved healing of either condition. Foot “scald” often disappears when the environmental conditions become dry.

So if the two conditions called “scald” are not easy to differentiate and they both tend to clear up with foot bathing or dry weather, why even bother to make the distinction? There are two reasons that may be importa

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Here are some resources for this episode:

https://www.wormx.info/tapeworms
What about tapeworms in sheep? (wormboss.com.au)

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Who knew we could influence our lamb taste so much!

Research for this podcast includes:

Foods | Free Full-Text | Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Lamb Meat as Potential Indicators of Fattening Diet Characteristics (mdpi.com)

What does lamb taste like? - Chef's Pencil (chefspencil.com)


This episode was inspired by this great article written by Bill Williams. His original article is below:

Six factors that influence the flavour of lamb before the chef starts work (which you will never know if you buy your lamb from a supermarket!) 

1. The breed of the sheep. What are you actually eating? Merino, Corriedale, Border Leicester, Suffolk, Dorset, Ryeland, Southdown, Romney? I guess I must mention Dorper and Damara. LIke different grape varieties, sheep varieties produce different tasting and textured meat. I produce Wiltshire because that's the breed that yields the dining experience I personally like best. They may not be the fastest to reach a marketable weight, but the wait's worth it! Another example of slow food.

2. The age of the sheep. When was the last time you saw "old ewe" or even mutton labelled at the supermarket? Not that mutton can't be delicious if prepared correctly, but seriously, if you go to a saleyard more than half the sheep sold usually aren't lambs or even hoggets. Where do they go? My theory is that most of them turn into "lamb" when they leave the abattoir.

3. Diet. Are they feedlot finished? Or perhaps they've been raised on improved pasture made up of just one or 2 grass varieties in high rainfall or irrigated grazing areas where the native grasses have been wiped out by broad acre round up applications? In my experience lambs raised on a wide variety of native grasses and shrubs like saltbush taste much sweeter with a less fatty taste. Of course what they have been eating also effects how fat they are, too.

4. Water. Water quality and availability are extremely important to sheep health. Consider the difference between sheep that have to walk a long way to a muddy dam compared to sheep grazed in close proximity to a flowing stream of fresh clean water. Good water access also enables sheep to browse and digest roughage more easily.

5. Animal husbandry. Have the sheep been dogged? Consider the journey from the paddock to the abattoir.....especially for sheep sold through saleyards. Many supermarket lambs end up affected by adrenaline and fear. I don't like to road transport sheep in summer....it's just too hot most days.

6.How long have the carcasses been dry aged before being cut up into kitchen ready cuts? If the carcass is given at least a few days to "set", the muscles relax and the meat matures. Dry aged lamb is much more tender and flavoursome than freshly butchered lamb.

What do you think? We would greatly appreciate any comments about which factors you consider most important in determining lamb quality.

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Setting your breed objectives – Simon Thomas 

To set your breeding objectives ask yourself the following question and write down your answers:

Question 1: Why breed sheep? 

Apart from the usual answers like “I enjoy the challenge” or “sheep chose me” you need some underpinning factors.

My career as a former stock agent and being an experienced breeder has taught me that there are two key driving factors behind breeding livestock 'profit' and 'tradition'.  The varying degrees of adopting these factors will influence and drive your program. This could be breeding heritage sheep to maintain a breed type and a stable population or breeding sheep to met market demands for example. 

Question 2: Where do you sit on this scale? Is the balance between the factors of profit and tradition right in your breeding operation currently?

Question 3: What is your perfect description of the sheep you want to breed? 

My earliest memory of being at a sheep show was being in the viewing tiers at Royal Melbourne Show in the early 1980s watching my father show his Border Leicesters. The wonderful Mrs Peggy Sparrow often sat by my side to watch me.  In between the completion of classes Mrs Sparrow would always strike up a conversation with us kids. These conversations normally would revolve around the results of the show floor, but every now and then Mrs Sparrow would give you a 'gem' piece of advice.  This question comes from Mrs Sparrow, she went on to say “once you have your perfect description, write it down and then set a plan as to how you are going to achieve it and do it multiple times”. 

Why is this question so important? 

To write your own sheep description is a very personal thing, no two descriptions will be the same.  Each breed has their own standard. These standards are what every breed association set out as the core traits that define their breed. To write down your description take this breed standard further so yours not only meets this standard but it also meets your personal view of the perfect sheep for your operation or market. 

Why you are breeding sheep in the first place will impact on the level of depth you delve into when writing your description. 

When writing a sheep description plan I use an analogy of choosing a vehicle. When buying a vehicle, that vehicle comes with standards features (these are your breeds core traits).  You then have the ability to individualise the standard features to personalise that vehicle to you. For example maybe you would like leather interior, metallic paint (these are your personalised sheep traits).  For example, the Southdown breed description states that the feet should be black, my breed description for this standards are feet must be black.  Then there are the times where a feature of the breed may not be explicitly stated in a breed description but this could be of significant importance to you, for example nose colour, teat placement, temperament and performance traits like growth rate or fertility.

Question 4: Do you assess and modify your description as required?

It is never to early or late to record a sheep description. Whether you have been breeding sheep for generations or you are still deciding what your first breed of sheep may be, you should regularly assess and modify your description as required.  Assess your sheep against your own statement. You may need to modify it and you

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Have you heard of mob breeding? If not this will blow your mind! Join Bjorn Johansson from Norway as he shares the concept, strategy and benefits behind mob breeding in sheep!!

In this episode we explore: 

What is mob breeding?

Why does it work? What does it achieve?

What can do wrong when you mob breed? 

What are the challenges with mob breeding?

How do you practically select your rams to mate? What do you do to set up breeding?

How come more people don’t breed using mob breeding?

How come we find it so confronting? 

Are the results different if you mob breed than if you breed in a more conventional way? 

What about things like predators? Should we intervene with nature? 

What other interventions do you use in mob breeding – any vaccines or drenches?

What about animal welfare issues if we are mob breeding?

Can you get a balance between mob breeding and breeding seed stock in a stud situation? Is there a hybrid method or approach to mob breeding? 

How do you know if mob breeding is working – are there signals or indicators? 

What do you monitor and what do you measure?

How long does it take for mob breeding to pay off? Especially as your cull rate might be very high initially and the challenge with getting rid of these animals and not have this negatively impacting your bottom line. 

What are the arguments that people give you against mob breeding? 

Where can someone start with mob breeding?

Get in touch with Bjorn or learn more via his Facebook page - Mob breeding for Holistic breeding of livestock

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Confused about your twist, barrel or tail set? 
In this episode we explore the basics of what a structurally sound sheep should look like and why these thing are important in a sheep with sheep breeder and enthusiast Ash Trebilco.

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Vaccination 

Why vaccinate?

Vaccination is the key to preventing some of the most serious sheep diseases. Vaccination stimulates the body’s defence system to build immunity to a particular disease, by exposing sheep to either the live organism presented in a safe form  (e.g. Scabby Mouth vaccine) or to a killed organism (e.g. Blackleg vaccine) or to an inactivated organism (e.g. Johne’s disease vaccine) or to part of an organism (e.g. footrot vaccine, most Clostridia vaccines).

Indeed, without effective vaccines, the control, prevention and management of many diseases in the large vulnerable populations that make up sheep flocks would be virtually impossible. So what vaccines are available, how are they used and what are the diseases that they protect sheep against?

The Clostridia Diseases

The most widely used vaccine in Australia is a vaccine called ‘5 in 1’. It is used to control a group of potentially severe diseases caused by several different species of a bacterium called Clostridium. The important thing to remember with the Clostridia diseases is that they are not something that is caught. The organisms are either in the soil or in the sheep’s bowel. Sheep are therefore exposed to them or already have them in their system virtually all the time. It is only when some trigger compromises the ability of the sheep to resist disease that the sheep become sick. When the sheep become compromised, these bacteria produce potent toxins that cause severe disease and often kill the sheep within hours. There are six diseases that are caused by Clostridium bacteria for which vaccines are available. These are:- 

1/Pulpy kidney

Pulpy kidney is caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium perfringens type D. The bacteria and the toxins they produce are present in the intestines of normal healthy sheep. The bacteria multiply slowly and are continuously swept out with the droppings so that the number of bacteria and the level of toxins never really build up. However, if there is highly nutritious food in the bowel as occurs if sheep are placed onto lush pastures or fed grain in higher levels than they are used to and the passage along the bowel slows, these bacteria are able to multiply quickly and produce lethal quantities of toxin. The toxin causes extensive damage to blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidneys (which makes them “pulpy” as they decompose after death) and also those in the brain. It is damage to the blood vessels in the brain that kills the sheep and is also the reason why they tend to die fairly quickly – often in hours, and also why there is no effective treatment. Essentially, these sheep have multiple “strokes”. The history of feeding lush food and symptoms displayed by the sheep arouse suspicions of this problem and it is confirmed by autopsy examination.

2/Tetanus

Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This bacterium survives in soil as spores wherever livestock are kept. These spores contaminate breaks in the skin such as those that occur with tail docking, grass seed penetration or an injury. Once in the body, if in healthy tissue the spores will sit there harmlessly, sometimes for months. If, however, the tissue is damaged, bruised or dead, the spores germinate, multiply and produce a toxin. The toxin then spreads to the nearest nerves and then to the spine and brain, causing a range of nervous symptoms

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What is mastitis?

Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland (udder), is one of the most common reasons for culling ewes in sheep flocks. Mastitis is usually due to a bacterial infection but can also have non-infectious causes such as injury. It can occur any time in the production cycle of the ewe but is most common two to four weeks post-lambing. It can prove costly for breeders. In general, it usually occurs in animals raising more than one lamb or with an excessively high rate of milk production.
 
 Some cases occur when sheep are being grazed at too high a stocking rate, though the vast majority of all mastitis cases in sheep occur within a few weeks of lambing or just as weaning is due to start  The infection occurs when bacteria make their way into the udder of the ewe. It is most common in breeds that produce multiple offspring per lambing.
 
 Forms of the disease
 There are two main types of mastitis in sheep. Mastitis can be classified as clinical and subclinical. 
 
 Subclinical mastitis is a difficult one to identify and ewes tend to only show low growth rates when affected. Poor weather and a lack of adequate nutrition can cause subclinical mastitis to develop into clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis can also cause the death of twin lambs.
 
 Clinical mastitis refers to an infection that becomes obvious clinically. Mastitis can rapidly progress, eventually turning parts of the udder black, if the infection becomes severe enough to compromise the blood supply to the udder. Ewes usually appear lame and weak, with lambs also lethargic and depressed. Lambs can die because of a lack of milk when ewes have clinical mastitis and they can die from the infection gained from digesting the infected milk. Euthanasia may be considered in severely affected animals but best to consult your vet for advice.
 
 

Picture shows clinical mastitis.

 When treating mastitis, early detection is key and can prevent further spreading of the infection. Your Vet may provide you with an antibiotic and painkiller for your animal. or may make other treatment suggestions. Some cases of mastitis are due to yeast or fungi and giving these animals antibiotics makes them worse. It is important to get a diagnosis and treat appropriately.   It is a good idea to mark all ewes once treatment occurs, so they can be identified for possible culling at weaning. 

What causes it?

The primary cause of mastitis in cattle, goats and sheep are well-recognized groups of microorganisms, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Pasteurella sp. and coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., and Klebsiella sp. Yeast and fungus have also been found frequently infecting the udder, but usually go unnoticed because they produce a mild or subclinical mastitis.

Picture shows severe mastitis resulted in an erupted udder 

How to treat it?

Disinfect the teat end with chlorhexidine or iodine-based disinfectants and infuse a tube of mastitis antibiotic through the teat canal if the cause of the mastitis is a bacterial infection.  If the problem is a bacterial infection the ewe can be give an injection of an antibiotic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as directed by your vet.

The udders of ewes should be examined physically for hard lumps after weaning and before breeding. Ewes with ‘lumpy bags’ may be considered for culling. The milk supply of these ewes will be decreased, and the amount

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