New babies are difficult. Don't you wish they came with a manual? Well, now there is one! Hosted by a pediatrician mom, The Baby Manual will help guide you through everything you actually need to know to take care of a baby. Whether this is your first baby or your fifth, I bet you’ll hear something helpful in here that you didn’t know. Enjoy The Baby Manual podcast, and enjoy your new baby!
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Dr. Carole Keim talks about the all-important subject of sleep in this episode. Sleep is a frustrating thing as a new parent which is why there is so much sleep advice and so many sleep books available. Dr. Keim will break down what sleep patterns are normal at different ages and give information on different ways to help babies (and parents, by extension) sleep well.
All babies are different and what works for one baby’s sleep may not work for another. But there are normal sleep patterns for different ages and Dr. Keim clears up confusion around those necessary patterns. She explains why babies crave the rocking and contact of being held as opposed to being laid in a bed to sleep and offers advice on how to slowly get them accustomed to the change. From night feeding to sleep positions to not using your phone in your baby’s room to all the different alternative healing modalities that have been shown to be helpful in promoting sleep, Dr. Keim gives the key information parents need on the topic of sleep.
In this episode:
Sleep (00:27)
Intro: helping babies sleep at night is one of the most difficult and frustrating things as a new parent. All babies are different. What’s normal at different ages:
Newborns cluster feed and wake at least once every 2-3 hours
For the first 2 months of life, a baby can’t sleep more than 4 hours
From 2-6 months it’s ok to let them sleep longer, but most still wake 2-3x at night to feed
From 6-9 months, allowed to sleep as long as they want, typically wake 1-2x per night, worse when teething
From 9-12 months, can start offering water at night. Feeding higher fat/protein meals at dinner time can help them sleep better.
After 12 months, they don’t need milk at night, only water if they wake up, and reassure for night waking. Cosleeping will make you both get worse sleep, and remember a thin blanket is ok, but no thick blankets and no pillows til age 2. Sleeping with a tight shirt can help curb breastfeeding at night.
Western - graduated or progressive extinction method. “Cry it out” is not recommended due to emotional trauma. Melatonin is not recommended on a regular basis; can be used intermittently when traveling (jet lag) but not more than 2-3 days. Also a consistent bedtime routine helps - run/play, brush teeth, bath, reading/singing, low lighting, avoid screens x 2h before bed.
TCM - pediatric acupuncture (shonishin) and Chinese herbs can both help with sleep. Speak to a pediatric acupuncturist for specific recommendations.
Chiro - pediatric chiropractic and craniosacral therapy can help your baby or child sleep better. Chiropractic is built around relaxing and resetting the nervous system, so regular adjustments tend to be really helpful for sleep.
Nutrition/supplements - Eating a dinner high in fat and protein and low in sugar at least 2 hours before bedtime, magnesium supplements (check with a doctor for dosing), chamomile tea over age 1 or for breastfeeding moms; can give a spoonful of chamomile tea under age 1 (no honey!)
Homeopathy - aconitum napellus, arsenicum album, belladonna, china officinalis, chamomilla, calcarea carbonica, and pulsatilla. Note: not supported by western science; speak to a CCH for specific recommendations.
Aromatherapy - Can diffuse oils or dilute in a carrier oil and rub onto baby’s back and feet. The best oils for sleep are Roman chamomile, German chamomile, neroli, tangerine, pettigrain, and lavender. Lavender can be stimulating in children; if this seems to be the case, try chamomile oil instead.
End of season; stay tuned for more in the future!
Dr. Keim has extensively researched the information presented in this episode. Her insight and knowledge on alternative and holistic treatments come together in her new book, Holistic Mamas Handbook, which can be ordered here. Her first book, The Baby Manual, covers year one of your baby’s life and is the subject of the first two seasons of this podcast. Follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels for additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers. And remember, it’s always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Resources discussed in this episode:
There is more information like this in the Holistic Mamas Handbook. You can order the Holistic Mamas Handbook on Amazon
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
309 - Baby Acne and Diaper Rash
Season 3
Wednesday, December 6, 2023 • Duration 20:06
Dr. Carole Keim talks about baby’s skin today, specifically baby acne and diaper rash. She explains what causes each irritation as well as how they typically present. She then goes through Western and alternative medicines that offer relief or healing.
Baby acne often starts in the first month or so of a baby’s life. There are several causes for baby acne and it will typically cover the face and upper chest. There are ways to soothe it or help it heal faster but, as Dr. Keim says, it’s “self-limited” and goes away on its own. Diaper rash is extremely common and there isn’t just one type that babies can get. The redness and irritation can get colonized with yeast or it may be one of two types of bacterial infections worsening the rash. Dr. Keim details what to look for with each type of diaper rash, when to contact a doctor, and all of the prevention and curative measures offered by healing modalities.
In this episode:
Baby Acne (00:45)
Symptoms: pimples on face and upper chest. Caused by a combination of hormones, dryness, and irritation. Hormones cause increased oil production, dryness causes sebaceous glands to produce more oil to moisturize skin, oil gets trapped in the pores and becomes acne. Being overheated or sweaty will do the same thing. Dirt, too much lotion, and regurgitated milk can irritate the skin and block the pores, making acne flare up more.
Western - typically no treatment; keep baby clean but don’t wash too often (1-2x per week) so skin doesn’t get too dry. Keep room temp 68-72 degrees so they don’t overheat. No need to change diet. Call your doctor if your baby has pimples that are larger than 2mm across, if the lesions are filled with clear fluid or yellow pus, if the pimples are in clusters, or if you aren’t sure if it’s baby acne or something else.
Acu/traditional Chinese medicine - acupuncture doesn’t specifically treat baby acne, but can decrease overall inflammation, and someone certified in Chinese herbalism may be able to recommend topical treatments
Chiro - n/a
Nutrition/supplements - can put breastmilk on baby’s skin
Homeopathy - calendula cream topically; no oral remedies
Aromatherapy - Calendula oil, lavender oil, oregano oil, and tea tree oil may be mixed into a carrier oil and applied topically
210 - Supportive Care for Colds
Season 2
Wednesday, January 11, 2023 • Duration 41:51
Dr. Carole Keim discusses all the supportive care options available for your child’s cold, beyond the over-the-counter medications. She details alternative medicines and things you can do to alleviate your child’s cold symptoms.
Most viruses don’t have specific treatments in Western medicine. We have COVID and flu vaccines, but beyond that, there isn’t much medically to be done for a cold. Dr. Keim not only explains what alternative options are available, she breaks down exactly what each virus does and what symptoms manifest in your child. This is a truly valuable resource episode.
In this episode:
Overview of colds
Fever
Congestion and ear pain
Runny nose
Cough
Immune boosters
Sample regimens
Overview 00:51
Viral infections - no specific treatment for most
Many types and subtypes of viruses
Typical course: illness lasts 7-10 days, peak on day 4, cough can linger for up to 2 weeks after
Red flags: respiratory distress, dehydration (dry lips/tongue, decreased urine output, lethargy), fever for 5 or more days in a row, fever that goes away for more than 24 hours and then comes back (can indicate a secondary infection such as UTI/AOM/pneumonia)
Fever 04:40
Acetaminophen / paracetamol
Ibuprofen
These will also help with systemic symptoms - pain, body aches, lack of energy, lack of appetite, trouble sleeping.
These do NOT treat cough, congestion, or runny nose
Magic socks - wet cotton socks, cover with wool socks before bed
I don’t recommend potatoes, garlic, or onions on feet - I’ve seen some burns
Congestion and ear pain 09:01
Eustachian tubes drain at the back of the nasopharynx, so congestion leads to fluid buildup in ears, so decongestants treat both
Medications for adults and children over age 6: pseudoephedrine by mouth, oxymetazoline nose spray
Children under age 6: nothing for congestion; ibuprofen for ear pain (x48h before abx)
209 - Daycare and Preschool
Season 2
Wednesday, December 28, 2022 • Duration 17:45
Dr. Carole Keim gives parents information on daycare and preschool - from the different types of preschools available to how they operate - so you can find the best fit for your child, but also for you in terms of community.
There is a lot to consider when choosing a preschool: in the United States there are three main types of preschools and they would each suit specific child needs or parent desires differently. Dr. Keim breaks down what to expect and what to look for in preschools. She also explains the frequency of illnesses that children are more likely to get in school, how they circulate, and how you can avoid germs at home.
In this episode:
Daycare
Montessori
Waldorf
Reggio Emilia
Considerations
Illnesses at school
Avoiding germs at school
Daycare 00:33
Wide range, often regulated by health and safety organizations
Sometimes mixed ages, sometimes separate ages
Ratio of children to teachers can vary
Setting can vary - can be in a classroom, in home, at a public building, etc.
Montessori 01:34
Layout: furniture is child sized, wooden shelves along the walls, low educational pictures/diagrams, shelf layout increases in difficulty as you move left to right and top to bottom (children are meant to move through them sequentially)
Atmosphere: Children move around freely, do what they want when they want, adults are there to give presentations or to intervene only when needed, children of various ages help each other
Layout: natural, decorated with things from nature, plain wooden toys (encourage creative play), few distractions
Atmosphere: simplicity, goodness, beauty, wonder; free play, nature exploration, projects / handcrafts, classroom functions like a home. Reading/writing/math introduced later than in public school
208 - Toddler Behavior
Season 2
Wednesday, December 14, 2022 • Duration 30:08
Dr. Carole Keim explains all the toddler behavior you can expect at different ages between ages one and three. She goes through all main behavior and ability changes and gets to the heart of why toddlers are acting in the way they are.
The more understanding you have of why children are behaving in a certain way, the easier it is to see things from their point of view. Dr. Keim offers tips and tricks for navigating the word no, the repeated question why, three year old defiance, and other notable toddler behaviors. It will be difficult, they tend to push all your buttons while learning boundaries, but Dr. Keim will make you feel more confident in your navigation.
In this episode:
1-1.5 yo
1.5-2 yo
2 yo
3 yo
Resources
1-1.5 yo 00:37
Starting to be able to do things for themselves
Just starting to walk/talk, can feed themselves
Don’t have a lot of opinions/preferences yet
Stranger anxiety - most will stay within sight of a parent
Fairly easy behavior
Parents: this is an ideal time to take a parenting class together
1.5-2yo 07:03
Can walk, use some words, pick things up off the floor / get things for themselves
Separation anxiety, strong attachment to parent - explores with a parent nearby
Mimicking
Want to try things for themselves, show off
Trying out their independence
Learn how to use the word “no”
Advocate for themselves
Most wants are actually needs
Start having some opinions and preferences but can’t express them yet
Offer 2 suitable choices
Empathy
2yo 13:21
Run / run away
Say no
Like attention (any kind) - spend 10 mins/day in child-led play
Struggle with transitions, have no sense of time
Can understand sequence a little bit - when/then statements
207 - Picky Eaters
Season 2
Wednesday, November 30, 2022 • Duration 29:45
Dr. Carole Keim talks all about picky eaters in this episode. Is it normal when your toddler reaches a point of only eating five beige foods? Yes. Dr. Keim covers this and everything to do with development, child nutrition, tempting picky eaters, and when to see a doctor about food concerns.
Dr. Keim also addresses why the old food pyramid is out of date and explains the actual nutrients your child needs and which foods they appear in. She shares why eating an actual apple is healthier than processed apple sauce, why processed foods aren’t good for kids, and how to keep kids interested in trying new things. Toddler palates and pickiness are de-mystified in this episode.
In this episode:
Normal development
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Food pyramid
Green/yellow/red light foods
Talking with children about nutrition
Tips for new foods
When to see the doctor
Normal development 00:25
0-6 mos: only eat one thing
6-12 mos: they only eat what you give them, simple palate (1-3 ingredients, no spices)
12-24 mos: tend to be great eaters and willing to try most things
Around age 2-3 they go through a phase of eating 5 foods
Eating pattern: eat one meal, pick at one meal, skip one meal
Most outgrow this within a year
Macronutrients 03:03
Carbohydrates
Protein / complete proteins (9 essential AAs)
Fat
Micronutrients 07:12
vitamins A, B, C, D, E, K
Iron and other minerals
Omegas
Probiotics and prebiotics
Fruits and veggies
Food pyramid 11:20
outdated; developed in 1992
became my plate in 2011
2020 guidelines focus on limiting processed foods, increasing nutrient-dense foods, and limiting added sugar to <10% of daily calories, Saturated fat to <10%, sodium to less than 2.3g, and alcohol to 2/day for men and 1/day for women
206 - 3 Years Old
Season 2
Wednesday, November 16, 2022 • Duration 22:39
In Episode 6 of Season 2, Dr. Carole Keim walks us through what to expect from three year olds. This can be a difficult age because children experience a lot of emotional growth and often become oppositional. Dr. Keim offers guidance on what to expect and how to handle it.
Three year olds have a lot of big feelings and drama, they often ask “why” a lot, they do the opposite of what is asked to test boundaries. They are trying to see exactly where the boundaries lie and that they’ll still be loved if they push limits. They have more refined motor skills, are more independent, and their speech has become more coherent. Dr. Keim advises on everything from behavior to nutrition and how best to handle certain patience-testing behaviors.
In this episode:
Social development
Motor skills
Behavior
Parenting
Nutrition
Potty training
Safety
3 year checkup
Social development 02:04
Imaginative play, often elaborate
Can put on a shirt, coat, or jacket by themselves
Plays with others and can share
Able to follow a multi-step command (when they want to!)
3-word sentences
Speech 75% intelligible to strangers
When they speak, repeat back with correct grammar and pronunciation
Tells you a story from a book or TV; make up great stories
Can compare things with words like bigger/smaller
Understands simple prepositions like on/under
Asks “why” repeatedly
Many children start preschool around age 2-3
Types of preschools - Montessori, Waldorf, Reggio Emilia
Preschool vs daycare
Motor skills 05:51
Eats independently
Typically potty trained for urine - can enter bathroom and pee by themselves
Pedal a tricycle
Climb on and off chairs, couches
Jump forward
Draw a circle
Draws a person as a face with arms or legs
Can cut with scissors
205 - 2.5 Years Old
Season 2
Wednesday, November 2, 2022 • Duration 14:51
In this episode, Dr. Carole Keim talks about what to expect from your two and a half year old. Your child is getting older, is super cute, and is now talking more, so Dr. Keim explains everything from motor skills to nutrition, and offers some parenting advice.
A child at two and a half will have enough language to communicate basics with you but their lack of full verbal skills can frustrate them and cause acting out. Their motor skills are more developed, they can run pretty well and wash and dry their hands. But they still don’t have proper awareness of dangers like cars, dogs, and especially water. Dr. Keim walks through all the ways in which two and a half year olds are advancing and all the things they need help with and that you may need patience for. It can be a tricky age but you’ve got this.
In this episode:
Social development
Motor skills
Behavior
Parenting
Nutrition
Potty training
Safety
2.5 year checkup
Social Development 00:30
Starting imaginary play
Says “look at me!” to parents
Starting to play with others
Phrases of 2-3 words
Speech 50% intelligible to strangers
When they speak, repeat back with correct grammar and pronunciation
They can use pronouns correctly
Many children start preschool around age 2-3
Types of preschools - Montessori, Waldorf, Reggio Emilia
Preschool vs daycare
Expect them to play with other children but not be able to share or take turns yet
They may start to follow older children around and copycat them
Motor Skills 03:02
Stabs food with a fork
Walks up stairs alternating feet
Runs well without falling
Washes and dries hands
Catch a beach ball
Behavior 04:13
Start testing boundaries and setting their own
Praise/notice good behavior
204 - 2 Years Old
Season 2
Wednesday, October 19, 2022 • Duration 15:14
In this episode of Season Two, Dr. Carole Keim discusses two year olds. Dr. Keim explains exactly what developmental and behavioral milestones to expect, offers potty training and safety advice, and touches on preschool and checkups for your two year old.
This age is often called “the terrible twos” largely because children have learned the word ‘no’ and have started advocating for themselves. They’re exploring their environments with increased motor skills and speech but not as many words as they’d like to express things. They’re also exploring boundaries. Dr. Keim explains how to navigate their frustrations and tantrums from a place of understanding where they’re at.
In this episode….
Social development
Motor skills
Behavior
Potty training
Safety
Preschool
2 year checkup
Social 00:33
Parallel play
50+ words
Combines 2 words
Follows 2-step command
Speech 50% intelligible to strangers
Names at least 5 body parts
Likes familiarity - might want the same book every night
Many children start preschool around age 2-3
Types of preschools - Montessori, Waldorf, Reggio Emilia
Preschool vs daycare
Motor 05:31
Scoop with a spoon
Kick a ball
Hop with 2 feet
Runs well
Climb a ladder at a playground
Removes clothing - esp socks
stacks objects
turns pages in book
draw a line
Behavior 06:31
exploring boundaries
Starting to advocate for themselves
Praise/notice good behavior
Help them express joy, anger, sadness, frustration
You’ll start to notice their personality around people/situations
Encourage free play up to 1 hour per day
Make time for learning through reading, talking, singing, exploring together
203 - Potty Training
Season 2
Wednesday, October 5, 2022 • Duration 23:16
In this episode, Dr. Carole Keim talks all about potty training. While potty training usually involves toddlers - the common age is between two and four years - it can be started as early as infanthood with what’s called elimination communication. Dr. Keim walks parents through all the major questions and issues about potty training.
Dr. Keim first explains how to identify when your toddler is ready to start training. She then talks about how to potty train and explains various methods of working with a reluctant toddler or what she calls “secret poopers”. In addition she addresses various things that could go wrong, such as constipation or diarrhea, and how to take care of your toddler if one of these issues should arise. Dr. Keim imparts sound and thorough advice to prepare parents for the journey of getting toddlers to use the toilet.
In this episode….
Elimination communication
Signs your toddler is ready
Secret poopers
Resistant children
Constipation
Diarrhea
UTIs
Elimination communication 00:42
Can start at any age
Pre-verbal children
You indicate when it’s time to potty and make noises while holding them over a potty, adult toilet, or sink
Times to take them : after they eat, when they wake up
Toddler potty training 01:45
Dry for 2+ hours at a time
They indicate when they’ve gone or you can tell when they’re going
Start anticipating these times (after meals, upon waking) and/or use a schedule
Sit them on the potty / toilet seat with adapter
They don’t have to be fully independent with moving/removing clothing, pulling up pants, getting on and off the toilet, and washing hands. Use scaffolding.
It can take a while for them to get the hang of it
Don’t punish them for accidents
Don’t use treats unless you need to
Daniel Tiger episode
Children who don’t mind sitting in a dirty diaper 04:51
Diaper Rash (08:19)
Symptoms: caused by moisture + friction; most babies will have one at some point. Starts with redness/irritation of skin but can get colonized / super infected with yeast or bacteria. Candida rash (yeast) has satellite lesions. Bacterial has boils. Strep butt (perianal strep infection) is a bright red circle around the anus and happens in older children.
Western - prevention (decreased likelihood, sometimes you can’t prevent it!) involves changing diaper as soon as it’s wet/poopy, use water wipes after each poop, apply diaper cream (zinc oxide based vs petroleum), air it out, don’t use baby powder. If not improving within 2-3 days with these treatments, it might be colonized/infected. Nystatin cream for candida, mupirocin for bacterial - both are used 3x per day; use regular cream in between. Oral amoxicillin for perianal strep.
Acu/TCM - acupuncture doesn’t treat diaper rash; chinese herbs may be helpful, check with a pediatric acupuncturist
Chiro - n/a
Nutrition/supplements - acidic foods make it worse (strawberries, citrus, tomatoes). Probiotics can help.
Homeopathy - calendula cream topically; borax veneta, calendula officinalis, cantharis, merc sol, nitric acid, and sulphur can be given by mouth, or dissolved in water and applied topically.
Aromatherapy - nothing for regular/irritant rash. For candida, can use oregano, geranium, or tea tree in a carrier oil. For bacterial, can use tea tree or lemongrass in an oil on the boils.
Also in the Holistic Mamas Handbook: ringworm, cradle cap
Refer to last week’s episode about eczema
Next week: Sleep!
Dr. Keim has extensively researched the information presented in this episode. Her insight and knowledge on alternative and holistic treatments come together in her new book, Holistic Mamas Handbook, which can be ordered here. Her first book, The Baby Manual, covers year one of your baby’s life and is the subject of the first two seasons of this podcast. Follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels for additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers. And remember, it’s always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Resources discussed in this episode:
There is more information like this in the Holistic Mamas Handbook. You can order the Holistic Mamas Handbook on Amazon
Sinus drain/massage - OMT or chiropractic - tapping on sinuses and pressing along lymphatic channels
Acupuncture
Onion earmuffs for ear pain
Runny nose 18:43
Antihistamines DO NOT work.
Use saline spray to keep the mucus cleared out. Can use bulb sucker if boogers are stuck.
Wash your hands every time you wipe their nose
Color of mucus has to do with the amount of inflammation and not necessarily whether it’s a bacterial or viral infection
If mucus is very thick and seems to be stuck, can use guaifenesin (Mucinex) to help them clear it out. Kids almost never need this and it works by causing them to cough, so many parents avoid it because it makes their child seem worse.
Cough 21:45
Mucinex causes more cough
Dextromethorphan, codeine, and similar anti-cough agents work by decreasing respiratory drive and can cause children under age 6 to stop breathing
Antihistamines only work if it’s allergies, not for infections
The only thing that has been shown to be both safe and effective in Western medicine trials is honey (and only for children older than 1 year because of the risk of botulism!)
Teach children to cough in their elbow
Immune boosters 23:45
Vitamin D - 400 units
Vitamin C - 1000mg for adults; 100mg per 10 lbs
Zinc - 30-60mg for adults
Echinacea - after exposure or at the onset of symptoms
Elderberry - syrup or gummies
Garlic
Lemon juice
Fruits and veggies - 10 servings per day, or supplement
The vitamins and supplements my family takes is in my link tree
Sample regimens 29:10
RSV and/or common cold 29:13
Tylenol/ibuprofen, saline nose spray/drops before eating and sleeping, can bulb suck after each time (or not), bring them into the bathroom when you shower so they can breathe the steam, put vicks or essential oils on yourself or the shower floor before getting in, use a nighttime humidifier if you live in a dry climate, give vitamin C and D, zinc, echinacea, elderberry, consider chiropractic and acupuncture
Keep baby hydrated - it’s fine if they don’t eat anything at all for days, but they need to be drinking water and have at least a little sugar and salt each day. If they have breastmilk or formula that is plenty, they don’t need food on top of that. It’s VERY hard to eat with RSV because of the congestion.
If breastfeeding, take immune boosters and keep breastfeeding as much as possible. If you’re sick, wear a mask so you don’t cough or sneeze onto your baby.
Do NOT allow children with “just a little runny nose” around your baby - RSV causes very mild symptoms in children and adults, but can cause about 1% of babies to end up hospitalized
Do NOT share bulb suckers or pacifiers between children
COVID 34:51
As for RSV; there might be specific treatment in the future but right now only for adults.
Adults in the household should be vaccinated
Flu 35:27
Acetaminophen/ibuprofen for fever and body aches, can also help with sleep and appetite
Saline drops/spray for congestion, honey for cough (over 1 year), ginger for congestion and to settle the stomach
For vomiting and diarrhea, keep them hydrated with small sips of water, watered-down juice (50% water or more), oral rehydration solution, popsicles, jello, or commercial drinks like pedialyte/gatorade. If they are unable to keep down fluids you need to bring them to the ER.
Tamiflu is sometimes helpful and sometimes causes GI upset. It’s approved for ages 6mos and up.
Adults and children over 6 months of age can be vaccinated
Holistic Mama’s Handbook 39:43
I am in the midst of writing HMH
Collaborating with pediatric acupuncturists, chiropractors, dietitians, naturopaths, etc
For parents of young children
Release date Fall 2023
Dr. Keim has extensively researched the information presented in this episode. Her insight and knowledge on alternative and holistic treatments will come together in her new book, “The Holistic Mama’s Handbook”, due out Fall of 2023. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. And remember, it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Teachers: accredited, masters degree or certificate, stay with the children their whole time at the school, i.e. K-5 or K-8
Children: creative entrepreneurs, problem solvers, self-directed learners, imaginative thinking
Reggio Emilia 06:59
Layout: child-based, colorful, activity/theme stations, children’s artwork on the walls
Atmosphere: play-based learning, teachers play with the children, learning by theme, some structured activities, plenty of play time and child-directed time
Teachers: certified in early childhood education
Children: learn to follow their passion, creative thinkers, well-rounded children, problem solvers
Things to consider 09:33
Hours
Cost
Location
Ratio of children to teachers
Teaching style
Community
Tour the school to get a feel for it
Illness at school 11:14
Average 4-6 illnesses per year for the first 2-3 years (sick enough to come to the doctor), plus some milder ones
Tend to cluster in winter months
Can spread between family members
Avoiding germs at home 12:31
There’s a chapter in my book, The Baby Manual
Wash hands as soon as you get home
Use separate hand towels
Keep toothbrushes apart (not in a cup with other people’s)
Sleep in a different bed than the sick person
Don’t share utensils or food, blow on children’s food if you’re sick, or touch their food to your lips to see if it’s hot
If anyone is sick, they should not come within 6 feet (and ideally in the same room) as anyone at high risk, such as babies under a year, people with medical conditions, etc.
Dr. Keim’s information here is designed to help you make daycare and preschool choices for your children a bit easier. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember, it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Want to experience things for themselves - natural consequences
Empathy, choices still
3yo 18:30
Drama - know about emotion, how to tell stories, have very active imaginations, are egocentric
Start expressing a wide range of emotions
Understand that their actions impact others but don’t understand empathy/theory of mind yet
Ask “why?” repeatedly - attempt to connect
Test boundaries to see where they are
Test consequences to look for cause-and-effect
See how much they can get away with (testing that you still love them)
As above (when/then statements, natural consequences, empathy, choices) plus modeling how to handle anger/frustration, anger wheel of choice, logical consequences
This guide is all about toddlers and why they behave in the way they do. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Green/yellow/red light foods 13:55
another way to think about it; easy for kids to understand
Still puts food into the “good vs. bad” spectrum
Talking about nutrition with young children 16:49
Focus on benefits - fiber, vitamins, nutrients, keeps you full, fuels your body, helps you grow strong, etc.
Talk about flavors and textures - fresh fruit and veggies often crunch
Eat the rainbow; color = vitamins/nutrients
Put all food on the plate at the same time (including treats)
Don’t use dessert as a reward, or other
Avoid the “clean plate club” - puts a lot of stress on children. Can let children serve themselves or tell you how much they want.
Tips for trying new foods 21:03
Eat together as a family
You provide the food, they decide whether to eat it
No pressure to taste new foods
Keep offering
Offer a variety
Make it look fun / fun utensils
Let kids help with shopping and meal planning
Let kids help prep food
Once your child likes a new food, offer similar foods
Pair new foods with preferred foods
Use “we” statements
When to see the doctor 24:55
Poor weight gain or weight loss
Lack of variety longer than 1 year
Avoidance of certain textures
Gagging or vomiting after eating
Stomachaches associated with food
Chronic abnormal poops
This guide will help you navigate nutrition for your toddler, letting you know what’s normal pickiness and when to worry. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Behavior 08:31
Test boundaries
Lots of defiance
Praise/notice good behavior
Offer two reasonable choices as often as possible
Teach them what is ok to do when they are angry
Parenting 12:17
Maintain routines and limits - meals, bedtime
Encourage fantasy play
Play games that require taking turns
Teach your child about empathy (but don’t expect them to fully grasp it yet)
Rhyme together
Let your child pretend to read books to you
Limit TV to 1 hour of high quality programming that you watch together
Avoid TV during meal times and in bedrooms
Be aware of your own screen use around child
Nutrition 16:51
Pattern: eat 1 meal, skip 1 meal, pick at 1 meal
Often picky at this age; try to offer a variety and avoid falling into the trap of beige foods and sweets. Have healthy snacks ready to go for them - cut up fruit/veggies, healthy dips like hummus / soy sauce
Water is the best thing they can drink and can/should be the only thing they drink; limit milk to 24oz per day and juice to 4oz per day
Potty training 17:42
Daytime dryness comes 6-12 mos before nighttime
Encourage frequent sitting to avoid constipation; can become a vicious cycle when they have a painful BM
Dress them in clothing that is easy for them to remove
Safety 18:35
Car seat - can be forward facing
Use helmet for anything with wheels
Remove firearms from home
Supervise around dogs, cars and start teaching them about safety
Touch supervision near water - pools, toilet, bathtubs
Move furniture away from windows
Use door locks and window locks
3-year checkup 20:22
No vaccines other than flu/covid until age 4
Ok to allow child to answer questions, but expect that they will give wrong answers
They typically feel comfortable during the physical exam; time to start talking about safety around adults / private parts
Ask your doctor if you have any specific questions about preschool, behavior, tantrums, nutrition, vitamins, potty training, constipation, and sleep routines
Regular dental visits 1-2x per year
This guide aims to help you with your “threenager”, guiding you through the three years old development stages. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Offer two reasonable choices as often as possible
Parenting 05:55
Maintain routines - meals, bedtime
Have fun outings together - museums, zoos, library
Make time for learning through reading, talking, singing, exploring together
Limit TV to 1 hour of high quality programming that you watch together
Avoid TV during meal times and in bedrooms
Be aware of your own screen use around child
Nutrition 08:09
Pattern: eat 1 meal, skip 1 meal, pick at 1 meal
Might graze throughout the day
May start to get picky at this age; try to offer a variety and avoid falling into the trap of beige foods and sweets
Potty Training 09:25
plan for frequent potty breaks (up to 10x per day), relax during potty time by reading or singing to them
Teach them to wash hands with soap and dry with towel
Dress them in clothing that is easy for them to remove
For independence, must be able to remove/replace clothing, get on/off toilet
Safety 10:28
Car seat - can be forward facing
Use helmet for anything with wheels
Remove firearms from home
Supervise around dogs, cars
Touch supervision near water - pools, toilet, bathtubs
2.5 Year Checkup 12:43
No vaccines other than flu/covid until age 4
Ok to allow child to answer questions, but be ready to jump in if they feel nervous or give wrong answers (which they often do at this age)
They typically feel comfortable during the physical exam
Ask your doctor if you have any specific questions about preschool, behavior, tantrums, nutrition, vitamins, potty training, constipation, and sleep routines
Regular dental visits 1-2x per year
This guide should ideally help you enjoy time with your two and a half year old. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Carole Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your child’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
Limit TV to 1 hour of high quality programming that you watch together
Avoid TV during meal times and in bedrooms
Be aware of your own screen use around child
Potty training 09:19
plan for frequent potty breaks (up to 10x per day)
Teach them to wash hands
For independence, must be able to remove/replace clothing, get on/off toilet
Safety 11:12
Car seat - can change to forward facing
Use helmet for anything with wheels
Remove firearms from home
Preschool 12:45
Can help with social interactions, sharing
2-year checkup 13:13
No vaccines other than flu/covid until age 4
Ok to allow child to answer questions, but be ready to jump in if they feel nervous or give wrong answers (which they often do at this age)
They typically feel comfortable during the physical exam
Ask your doctor if you have any specific questions about behavior, tantrums, nutrition, vitamins, potty training, constipation, and sleep routines
Hopefully this helps you enjoy time with your two year old with less worry. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your baby’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
aka “secret poopers”
Can try the “oh crap” book
Allow them to run around without diaper or pants on, especially outside
Try nature pees/poops
Can try the potty training in a weekend method
Have a potty in each room so it’s easy
Children who fight using the potty 05:56
Try nature pees/poops
Have a potty in each room to get them used to it
Let them sit on the potty fully clothed and play while siting there
Have fun potty time - read a special book together, play with a toy on the potty
If using potty treats: sticker charts are often too delayed of a reward except in children 4 and up. I suggest a treat for trying, and a treat if anything comes out. Food treats tend to motivate children more but are also associated with more performance anxiety.
It is ok to praise attempts to use the potty and success in using it, but excessive praise can also cause performance anxiety
Becoming angry at child for refusing to use the potty can backfire on parents, as this is one of the only things a child can control
Constipation 09:17
Decrease in frequency or size of bowel movements, harder stools, pain with stooling
Can be acute or chronic
How chronic constipation happens
Avoiding it: choose high fiber and low processed foods - fresh fruit and veggies for more than 50% of each meal / 10 fistfuls per day. Avoid dairy products. Make sure child is drinking 1/2oz per pound of weight in water each day (so a 25 lb child should drink at least 12.5oz of water). Try to establish positive associations with sitting on the toilet.
Treating it when it’s acute: can try prune juice as a laxative, a glycerin suppository if stool is very hard, or an enema for a one-time cleanout.
Chronic constipation: first disimpaction - enema of hypertonic saline or a suppository x1, followed by a stimulant laxative x 2-3 days, and a stool softener for several weeks. At the same time, increase fiber and water, decrease processed foods, and eliminate dairy. Encourage frequent and prolonged sitting on the toilet.
How stimulant laxatives work and why they are addictive and shouldn’t be used more than a few days
How miralax and psyllium work as stool softeners and why they can be used long term
Diarrhea 16:32
Teething - symptoms, why it happens
Viral - tend to have no or low-grade fever, no blood, can be foul smelling and green
Bacteria - can have fever, can have blood, can have it for over a week, can be profuse or just a few times per day. Requires test to determine type of bacteria to guide treatment; sometimes antibiotics help, sometimes they make it worse.
After antibiotics
From juice
From food
When to be concerned
Treatment - more water, BRAT diet x 1 day, bland foods, avoid dairy, probiotics, avoid dehydration
Why we can’t use diarrhea medicines in children
Avoiding spread to family members
Rotavirus vaccine
UTIs 19:48
Symptoms: pain with urination, urinary frequency, urgency, accidents in a potty trained child, sometimes bad smell of urine. Fever is a late sign.
Caused by constipation, staying in wet clothing/swimsuit too long, poor hygiene (not bathing enough, staying in dirty diaper too long), tight clothing/sweat, bubble baths
Treatment: antibiotics.
Prevention in those who get more than 1 UTI: increase water intake, more frequent voiding, avoid risk factors, decrease sugar intake. Also they should get an ultrasound of the kidneys to determine risk for pyelo.
These are the major things to do with potty training. For additional tips and advice on babies and toddlers, follow Dr. Keim on her TikTok and YouTube channels. Her book, “The Baby Manual”, covers the first year of baby life and is the subject of Season One of this podcast. Remember it is always okay to call your doctor or emergency services if you have concerns about your baby’s health.
Shop Dr. Keim’s must-have baby and toddler items: https://www.amazon.com/shop/drcarolekeim.
FullScript Vitamins
Use this link to get 10% off and free shipping for orders over $50.
HIRO Diapers
Use code DRCAROLEKEIM for a discount at checkout. Click here.
Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.
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