Kant's Philosophy – Details, episodes & analysis

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Kant's Philosophy

The Voice of Reason

Society & Culture

Frequency: 1 episode/8d. Total Eps: 103

300 years ago Immanuel Kant was born - and I want to dedicate an extensive series of lectures to his whole philosophy. I spent the past year studying the 29 volumes of Kant's collected works and reading at least a 100 pages of Kant every day, in order to now provide the probably most comprehensive and most thorough presentation on his philosophy which has been attempted so far, to show its inner systematic relations and, most of all, to identify Kant's contribution to the aufklärung of humanity.

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🇬🇧 Great Britain - philosophy
30/07/2026
#74

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Kant's philosophy - Rational theology: How can we know God through reason?

Friday, July 24, 2026 • Duration 02:04:10

The philosopher does not do revealed theology which presupposes believe in some divine revelation, but tries to have cognition of God through reason alone. Here he is met with the difficulty of how the finite creature may grasp the infinite creator, and most of all with the danger of sliding into anthropomorphism.

Quote: 0:08

Rational theology: 0:49

The difficulty of the cognition of God and of anthropomorphism: 6:31

How God can be talked about: 19:15

Via eminentiae: 30:40

Via negationis: 48:33

Via analogiae: 1:09:45

The fields of rational theology: 1:38:18

Kant's architectonic: 1:44:12

Thanks: 2:03:41

The table of categories according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/table-of-categories-according-to-Kant.jpg

Overiew over metaphysics according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Metaphysics-according-to-Kant-scaled.jpg

The thinking faculty according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/faculty-of-thinking-according-to-Kant.jpg

Overview over theology according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/theology-according-to-Kant.png

Whoever wants to get more in depth concerning Kant's theology and its method should study the lectures on rational theology: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0000kant_r0k1/mode/2up, his lectures on metaphysics: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant/mode/2up | https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0028kant_d7g2/mode/2up also contain many remarks on rational theology (I am not aware of a free English translation of either).

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Thumbnail: www.hotpot.ai

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Kant's philosophy - What is theology?

Episode 97

Saturday, July 18, 2026 • Duration 01:26:47

While religion is practical, theology is theoretical: A person's theology is the sum of the statements on God he considers to be true. These statements however theology can take from revelation or from reason. And here arises the conflict between the theological and the philosophical faculty on the way through which to gain cognition of God.

Quote: 0:08

The philosophy of religion is the crowning conclusion of Kant's philosophy: 0:29

The contemporary neglect of philosophy of religion: 9:46

Theology and religion: 24:29

For true religion, correct theology is helpful but not necessary: 29:35

Revealed theology and rational theology: 41:24

The conflict of the theological and the philosophical faculty: 53:47

Thanks: 1:26:18

Of theology and the conflict between the theological and the philosophical faculty Kant talks in the first section of his Conflict of Faculties (I could not find a free English translation online).

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Kant's philosophy - Cosmopolitan right: Refugees & colonialism

Episode 88

Saturday, May 16, 2026 • Duration 01:30:37

The state of nature is a war of all against all. Only public right can create perpetual peace. There must be laws which secure for each his own, and these laws must be binding and enforced. States right is supposed to create peace between individuals, the right of nations is supposed to bring peace between states. But for such a states right and right of nations to be able to be established there first needs to be a global cosmopolitan right: There mustn't be total war of all against all after all, rather every human being must have a universal right of visitation. For only if someone who does not belong to a legal community und is not protected through the laws governing it, has the opportunity to at least offer joining it, can a legal community ever come into being in the first place.

Quote: 0:08

Public right and cosmopolitanism: 1:45

There must be a cosmopolitan right to hospitality: 10:44

Refugees: 27:27

Colonialism: 55:16

The significance of cosmopolitan right in the face of totalitarianism: 1:16:39

Thanks: 1:30:09

Cosmopolitan right Kant discusses in his text On Perpetual Peace: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50922/50922-h/50922-h.htm as well as in his Metaphysics of Morals: https://ld.circuitdebater.org/w/archive_files/%5BImmanuel_Kant%5D_Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals.pdf/507955836/%5BImmanuel_Kant%5D_Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals.pdf

Whoever wants to support my aufkläring work can do so via:

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Kant's philosophy - What is science?

Episode 2

Sunday, May 5, 2024 • Duration 02:44:03

Philosophy can be understood according to the school concept and according to the world concept, Kant says. According to the school concept philosophy is a science. Before its concept can be explained in the three upcoming lectures, it therefore is necessary to first become clear about what science is. For Kant it is essentially: systematic cognition. Quote: 0:08 The importance of the concept of phlosophy for understanding philosophy: 1:20 Kant has a twofold concept of philosophy: 3:46 Philosophy according to the school concept: 6:25 1. Preliminary note: How definition of concepts is done: 7:50 2. Preliminary note: Empirical and logical division: 11:09 Especially the big and important concepts are usually not clear: 19:48 Difference between science and art: 22:54 The tasks of science: 32:38 Difference between scientific and common cognition: 37:40 Difference between rational science and historical scholarship: 1:03:09 A priori and a posteriori: 1:24:12 Difference between pure and applied sicnence: 1:46:00 The bridge from pure to applied science: 2:05:31 Kant's concept of science is unconsciously already ours: 2:21:36 According to this strict concept, only very little is actual knowledge: 2:30:03 Advice for aufklärung: What one grasps systematically (scientifically), can be remembered more easily: 2:36:36 Thanks: 2:43:37

Overiew over science according to Kant: https://jonathanivoloewer.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Science-according-to-Kant.jpg

A complete overview of Kant's understanding of philosophy according to its school concept as well as its world concept can best be found in his lecture on philosophical encylopedia (Philosophische Enzyklopädie), which on top of that also outlines the basis of his critical philosophy and can be recommanded as a starting point, because it is both short and easy: https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0000kant/page/n9/mode/2up (I don't know of an English translation.) His understanding of science Kant explains in the preface to the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: https://archive.org/details/kantsprolegomen00kantuoft/page/136/mode/2up The birdge from pure to applied science is the topic of the Opus Postumum: http://kant.korpora.org/Inhalt21.html / http://kant.korpora.org/Inhalt22.html (I don't know of an English translation.) I said that according to Kant cognition a posteriori can be generalised through induction and allegory - I should have said induction and ANALOGY however. I don't know why I kept using the wrong word when analogy is the same in German (Analogie), but I hereby want to point out this mistake.

Kant's philosophy - Life and development of Immanuel Kant

Episode 1

Monday, April 29, 2024 • Duration 02:39:39

Before I will speak about Kant's thinking in the upcoming lectures, I first want to give a frame for that and therefore say some words about his life. Private details however shall not be my focus as much as his intellectual development and an overview over his intellectual activities during the different periods of his life. Quote: 0:08 The role of the biography in the understanding of a phiosopher: 3:31 Kant's birth and environment: 8:12 Kant's family and parents: 15:39 The pietism of Kant's parents: 34:32 Kant's education: 54:30 Kant's years as a Hauslehrer: 1:00:12 Kant's academic career: 1:09:02 The critical turn in Kant's thinking in the 60s and 70s: 1:28:20 The development, spread and defense of the critical system in the 80s: 1:52:14 The conflict of faculties as the central topic of the first half of the 90s: 2:05:30 1. The conflict with the faculty of law: 2:08:14 2. The conflict with the faculty of theology: 2:11:40 The unfinished attempt to complete his life's work in the second half of the 90s: 2:23:39 Kant's age and death: 2:28:49 Thanks: 2:39:14 Kant himself scarcly said anything about his life in his writings. Contemporary sources are the descriptions of his life by his friends, students and acquaintances Borowski, Jachmann, Rink and Wasianski, out of which I mostly recommand: Reinhold Bernhard Jachmann: Immanuel Kant geschildert in Briefen an einen Freund: https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_mbIUAAAAQAAJ (I don't know of an English translation.) Thumbnail: www.hotpot.ai

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Kant's Philosophy - Announcement

Episode 1

Monday, April 22, 2024 • Duration 01:42:41

300 years ago today Immanuel Kant was born - and with this I'm announcing an extensive series of lectures which shall be dedicated to his whole philosophy. I spent the past year studying the 29 volumes of Kant's collected works and reading at least a 100 pages of Kant every day, in order to now provide the probably most comprehensive and most thorough presentation on his philosophy which has been attempted so far, to show its inner systematic relations and, most of all, to identify Kant's contribution to the aufklärung of humanity. Quote: 0:00 Announcement: 1:01 Why should one listen to these Kant lectures?: 2:14 1. Why should one give attention to my presentation of Kant specifically?: 2:48 - I am one of the greatest Kant experts: 4:00 - My aim is for throughness and depth: 13:33 - I want to present the various aspects of Kant's thinking in their systematic inner relations: 19:06 - These lectures are supposed to provide help for those who want to read Kant themselves: 29:04 - I have a lot of experience in presenting even difficult philosophical thoughts to laymen: 39:48 - I want to connect Kant's philosophy to life and identify what is aufkläring about it: 41:22 2. Why should one concern oneself with Kant?: - Kant is a thinker of transition: 42:04 - A systematic studying of philosophy should start with Kant: 48:00 Comment policy: 58:04 Request for support via Patreon, Ko-Fi or Paypal: 1:10:00 Invitation: 1:20:25 Thanks: 1:21:10

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Kant's philosophy - Peace needs republicanism

Episode 87

Saturday, May 9, 2026 • Duration 59:49

Perpetual peace between states is possible if these enter into a federation of nations and submit to binding international law. For this to be possible two conditions should be met inside the states: There should be freedom of thought so that criticism and proposals for reaching perpetual peace are possible, and the sate should have a republican consitution so that wars are only possible with the approval of the people that has to wage them.

Quote: 0:08

Peace through right: 2:54

There ought to be freedom of thought: 13:23

The state ought to be a republic: 17:00

Perpetual peace is possible, even if humans are evil: 45:24

Thanks: 59:23

The significance of the freedom of thought and of a republican constitution for peace Kant discusses in his essay On Perpetual Peace: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50922/50922-h/50922-h.htm

Whoever wants to support my aufkläring work can do so via:

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https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VDDT7T7XHR77U

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Kant's philosophy - International law & laws of war: The path to perpetual peace

Episode 86

Saturday, May 2, 2026 • Duration 02:48:19

Only one thing can guarantee perpetual peace: When the lawlessness between states is ended and internationally law which is binding for all is established and enforced by a federation of nations including all states. For such a federation possibly being established once, states should voluntarily follow a kind of international law and law of war even in the state of lawlessness: a law to conduct themselves in such a manner that an eventual joined entry into a federation of nations and a peaceful legal order remain possible. This means they should treat wars, when they are fighting them, as a necessary evil of the state of nature, but never engage in total war which aims at victory at any cost and at destroying the opponent, rather war should always be carried out in a way which leaves the possibility for eventual peace.

Quote: 0:08

How things are and how they ought to be in international law: 1:52

States should work towards peace through their conduct: 9:47

What is to be done immediately: 17:02

- When peace is made all further claims are to be given up and all future reasons for resuming the same war are to be resolved: 18:08

- No state shall meddle with the inner affairs of another state: 28:56

- Wars are to be fought only for just reasons: 43:35

- Wars are to be fought only by just means: 1:01:00

What is to be done eventually: 1:43:21

Why there must be justice even in a state of injustice and there shouldn't be any total wars: 2:01:26

The maxim of publicity: 2:32:57

Thanks: 2:47:53

The Palestine Laboratory:

https://youtu.be/1GvkFwpzDhI?si=buFGtwvlVU4IqT6j

Kant's philsophy - How is perpetual peace possible?

Episode 85

Saturday, April 25, 2026 • Duration 02:56:40

Public right has only one single task: To give to each his own and thereby secure perpetual peace. This doesn't mean merely a ceasefire but a state in which a new outbreak of war is impossible and the right is secured. For this the lawlessness between states has to be ended and a federation of nations which enforces international law has to be created.

Quote: 0:08

War is the greatest evil on earth: 0:51

Peace is not ceasefire but justice: 18:16

International law should not be established through a state of nations: 36:30

International law should be established through a federation of nations: 44:54

A federation of nations that secures peace is possible: 1:04:25

Kant's examples and hope for the federation of nations: 1:14:58

The modern equality delusion: 1:29:25

The slow progress of justice: 2:07:05

Our political task for the enforcement of international law: 2:23:51

Thanks: 2:56:14

On perpetual peace one may read above all Kant's text On Perpetual Peace: , also his essay On the common saying: That may be correct in theory but it is of no use for practice: https://hesperusisbosphorus.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/theory-and-practice.pdf, additional remarks can be found in his Metaphysics of Morals: https://ld.circuitdebater.org/w/archive_files/%5BImmanuel_Kant%5D_Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals.pdf/507955836/%5BImmanuel_Kant%5D_Kant_The_Metaphysics_of_Morals.pdf, his lectures on moral philosophy and the philosophy of right: https://www.archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes271imma | https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes272imma | https://archive.org/details/kantsgesammeltes0027kant_s1s1/mode/2up and in his handwritten estate on moral philosophy and the philosophy of right: https://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa19/ and on anthropology: https://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa15/ (I am not aware of any English translations).

Kant's philosophy - The international lawlessness and the barbarism of the civilized

Episode 84

Saturday, April 18, 2026 • Duration 02:09:45

Even if within the states there is a monopoly of power and rule of law, between different states and peoples there is still lawlessness and the right of the strong. This is the state of nature on the level of the right of nations and the state of nature is always a war of all against all. The thin facade of civilization breaks apart as soon as people leave behind their own society with its customs and laws and enter this lawless jungle. In the way they deal with other nations even or most of all the civilized nations turn out to be ruthless barbarians. And this barbarism in the end turns inward. To end the barbarism, to establish justice and thereby not just a temporary ceasefire but perpetual peace, that is the task of the right of nations or international law.Quote: 0:08Peace is not ceasefire but rule of law: 1:54What is just can be determined by the maxim of publicity: 23:19The lawless anarchy between states: 32:27The civilized nations are outwardly barbarians: 45:28The outer barbarism turns people barbarian inwardly too: 1:55:53The perpetual peace is possible through international law: 2:03:19Thanks: 2:09:19On war and its consequences and the barbarism that goes along with it Kant writes in On the common saying: That may be correct in theory but it is of no use for practice: https://hesperusisbosphorus.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/theory-and-practice.pdf as well as in various places of his handwritten estate on anthropology: https://korpora.org/kant/aa15/ (I am not aware of any English translation).Whoever wants to support my aufkläring work can do so via:https://ko-fi.com/jonathanivoloewerhttps://www.patreon.com/jonathanivoloewerhttps://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=VDDT7T7XHR77UThumbnail: www.hotpot.ai

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