It is easy to dismiss some behaviors as "just" imitation. However, this is a crucial developmental skill that we rely on throughout our lifetimes. We explore the philosophy of what imitation is, how it develops, and when people struggle with it. 

Recommendations

• Abraham: Sagrada: Artisans (https://floodgate.games/products/sagrada-artisans?srsltid=AfmBOooELu9aa2H_Wc60JxmxQF2GqyRECy328sy1Kkkp3qbrLZZUGZWd)
• Shane: Beetlejuice Beetlejuice (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2049403/)

Holidays (09/25/24)

• Banned Websites Awareness Day
• Binge Day
• Comic Book Day
• Math Story Telling Day
• National Bakery Day
• National Cooking Day
• National Food Service Employees Day
• National Lobster Day
• National One-Hit Wonder Day
• National Psychotherapy Day
• National Research Administrators Day
• National Tune Up Day
• World Ataxia Awareness Day
• World Dream Day
• World Pharmacists Day
• World School Milk Day
• Banned Books Week
• Deaf Dog Awareness Week
• International Interpreters and Translators Week
• Minimally Invasive Surgery Week
• National Dog Week
• National Farm Animals Awareness Week
• Sea Otter Awareness Week
• Tolkien Week
• National Hispanic Heritage Week
• Remember to Register to Vote Week

Links and References:

1. https://www.mayinstitute.org/news/acl/asd-and-dd-child-focused/what-is-imitation-and-why-is-it-important/#:~:text=Imitation%20is%20a%20crucial%20aspect,and%20peers%20perform%20these%20behaviors.
2. https://jacobsfoundation.org/why-imitation-in-early-childhood-is-crucial/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Neoliberalism is a a name that might be misleading. It is not "liberal" as in left-wing politics. We will describe what neoliberalism is and offer our own ideas about its proposal.

Support us on Patreon! www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and References: 

• https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neoliberalism/
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/neoliberalism.asp
• https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/what-is-neoliberalism/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The electoral college is a strange system in the United States by which the president is "chosen" by a slate of people who represent the will of the voters, except when it doesn't. In this first episode, we explore the history of the electoral college and some of the unique instances in which a president achieved office without the majority of votes from the people because this system allows it. Next time, we will unpack the arguments for and against the electoral college. 

Recommendations

• Abraham: Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes  (https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes)
• Shane: Press Club - Late Teens LP ( https://open.spotify.com/album/0qTuN1DHKnuCKMIkSxZR9a?si=c3G1KIU5SHO2o_pD9POy6A)

Holidays for 08/21/2024:

• Spumoni Day
• Finance Brokers Day
• Brazilian Blowout Day
• International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism
• Internet Self Care Day
• National Medical Dosimetrist Day
• Poet’s Day
• Senior Citizen’s Day
• World Goat Day
• Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over (Week)
• Minority Enterprise Development Week
• National Aviation Week
• Little League World Series
• Hayden Panettiere’s bday

Links and References: 

1. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/its-time-to-abolish-the-electoral-college/
2. https://saveourstates.com/blog/yes-other-countries-have-electoral-colleges-too
3. https://people.howstuffworks.com/10-countries-besides-us-have-electoral-colleges.htm
4. https://www.usa.gov/electoral-college
5. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/11/22/among-democracies-u-s-stands-out-in-how-it-chooses-its-head-of-state/
6. https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/history#:~:text=The%20Founding%20Fathers%20established%20the,popular%20vote%20of%20qualified%20citizens.
7. https://www.heritage.org/the-essential-electoral-college/the-current-threat#:~:text=If%20the%20Electoral%20College%20was%20eliminated%2C%20the%20power%20to%20elect,voice%20of%20smaller%20populated%20states.
8. https://stanfordmag.org/contents/should-we-abolish-the-electoral-college
9. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/05/23/killing-electoral-college-means-rural-americans-would-be-serfs-column/3770424002/
10. https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/publications/youraba/2019/october-2019/q--the-electoral-college--is-it-open-for-interpretation-by-the-c/
11. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/25/majority-of-americans-continue-to-favor-moving-away-from-electoral-college/
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi7uownWRmQ
13. https://youtu.be/ajavsMbCapY?si=vXojc85LpkmDbCrb
14. https://www.history.com/news/presidents-electoral-college-popular-vote

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Wokeism has a much longer history than you might think and its original meaning has been appropriated and obfuscated beyond recognition. We break down the defintiion, the current application, and level a critical lens at "woke" culture. Warning: We discuss a few awful people doing awful things.
Vocab: Pejorative.

Recommendations:

• Abraham: Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (https://therokuchannel.roku.com/lp/weird)
• Shane: Samiam - Stowaway (https://open.spotify.com/album/5EZd3zQ30PFR9Xtbcbp0EU?si=o-wT0RWXQOWCcog4WL0EtQ)

Links and References:

1. https://www.vox.com/culture/21437879/stay-woke-wokeness-history-origin-evolution-controversy
2. https://www.nationalworld.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/what-does-woke-mean-definition-woke-culture-2023-3215758
3. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/2167/stop-w-o-k-e-act
4. https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/dsjel/vol2/iss3/1/
5. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/326817
6. https://formationreimagined.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Church-membership-has-fallen-below-the-majority-for-the-first-time-The-Washington-Post.pdf
7. https://diversity.social/wokeism-woke-culture/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Swearing involves the use of taboo words considered coarse, blasphemous, or otherwise unacceptable in polite or formal speech to accentuate a statement. Contrary to the myth that frequent swearing reflects a poverty of vocabulary, research shows that people who use taboo words tend to have larger vocabularies and higher verbal fluency. Swearing serves different functions like expressing emotions, creating humor, and constructing identity. Additionally, some researchers believe swearing can provide stress relief in upsetting situations, like when one stubs their toe.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves (https://www.dungeonsanddragons.movie/)
• Shane: Baseball: A History of America’s Favorite Game by Greg Vecsey (https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/90596)

Links and References:

1. https://people.howstuffworks.com/backward-evolution-swear-words.htm
2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2015/06/26/2ba794c6-1abc-11e5-ab92-c75ae6ab94b5_story.html
3. https://www.proquest.com/openview/c9bc23a0134b3d738b563383c931be06/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=31040
4. https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/86158666/Swearing_and_perceptions_of_the_speaker.pdf
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd-Sa_3iBVA
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAkPudcbNz0
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1F90W40t6g
8. https://list.co.uk/news/9980/interview-jim-jefferies-im-the-rosa-parks-of-cnt
9. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/01/20/station-fined-for-playing-the-whole-slim-shady/6bf0d192-4e57-4341-96cd-ae4c5534f86c/
10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038800011400151X
11. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723/full
12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-022-02202-0
13. https://word.tips/us-states-curse-words-map/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

In this third and final installment of our discussion about Facilitated Communication, we explain why Facilitated Communication is not only ineffective, it is actively harmful, even fatally. Facilitated Communication is dangerous and does not work.
WARNING: This episode contains discussions of sexual abuse and violence.

Recommendations

• Rick and Morty season 6 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty/solaricks)
• Shane: Evolve Modern Vegan Kitchen (https://www.evolvemodernvegankitchen.com/)

Links and References

1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/
2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/
3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc
4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750
5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools.
6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/
7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
8. https://i-asc.org/
9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/
10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3
11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/
12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/
13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876
14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes.
16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673.
17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated
18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The follow-up to the history of Facilitated Communication. How can we determine if the messages typed by an individual with little or no previous language experience is coming from them or their facilitator? Simply. This episode describes the experiments that cleverly demonstrated the nature of the Facilitated Communication dynamic. It was very one-sided. Only one-sided in fact. Check out part two of the FC trilogy.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Join a Book Club
• Shane: Transmetropolitan (https://www.dc.com/graphic-novels/transmetropolitan-1997/transmetropolitan-book-one)

Links and References

1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/
2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/
3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc
4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750
5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools.
6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/
7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
8. https://i-asc.org/
9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/
10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3
11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/
12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/
13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876
14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes.
16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673.
17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated
18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Being as charitable and honest as we can, facilitate communication is an ineffective pseudoscience. We explore the history, the claims, and a careful discussion of the general procedures. We handle this first discussion gently. Next episode, the gloves come off.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Vindication (board game; https://www.orangenebula.com/product/vindication/)
• Shane: Everything Everywhere All At Once (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6710474/)

Links:

1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/
2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/
3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc
4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750
5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools.
6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/
7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
8. https://i-asc.org/
9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/
10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3
11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/
12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/
13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876
14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/
15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes.
16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673.
17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated
18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Seizure alert animals, like dogs, help during and after seizures and require training and upkeep. They aren't just pets and may stay with their owner for 8-9 years. The animals recognize seizures through sudden shifts in behavior and intense pacing, whining, or licking. Researchers also explore capturing seizure-associated scents. So, if you see a dog licking you intensely, it might be detecting something more exciting than just sweat or crumbs.

Recommendations

• Abraham: We Have a Ghost (https://www.netflix.com/title/80230619)
• Shane: The Stand (So Far; https://stephenking.com/works/novel/stand.html)

Links
How to Train a Seizure Alert Dog - Medical Mutts Service Dogs Inc.
Seizure Alert Dogs | Epilepsy Foundation
Seizure Alert Service Dogs | Epilepsy Warning Dogs | CPLhttps://k94life.org/seizure-alert/(k94life.org)
*Dog alerting and/or responding to epileptic seizures: A scoping reviewhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6279040/pdf/pone.0208280.pdf(nih.gov)


Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

A highly controversial speculative hypothesis. Julian Jaynes read ancient texts and arrived at a unique and wholly original hypothesis: Our ancestors did not have consciousness. He reasoned that their brains did not work in concert as ours do today and instead they "hear" the messages from one hemisphere as the ethereal voice of gods. Is there evidence for this? Have we learned something knew about human psychology? We weigh in on the relatively utility of Jaynes' bicameral mind, for what it's worth.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Track your miles per gallon
• Shane: Gift cards

Links:

1. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1977/5/12/the-lonely-odyssey-of-julian-jaynes/
2. https://www.julianjaynes.org/about/about-jaynes-theory/overview/
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
4. https://www.academia.edu/7100194/Julian_Jaynes_and_the_Promise_of_the_Other_Psychology_Cultural_Historical_Approaches_to_Psyche
5. https://youtu.be/ll12kPSi1Xc

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The royal "you" feel high, that is. Many if not most people understand that THC is the primary chemical in cannabis respnosible for the effect of feeling "high." But what is happening in oury brain to produce this sensation? How does it work and why? We explore the history of this weird plant, the chemical process and neural mechanisms responsible for its effect, and a variety of other topics related to cannabis. Whether or not you partake, there is a lot of interesting information for everyone.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Ant-man and the Wasp: Quantumania (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10954600/)
• Shane: Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania

Links and Resources:

1. https://www.history.com/topics/crime/history-of-marijuana#:~:text=Marijuana%2C%20also%20known%20as%20cannabis,hemp%20for%20textiles%20and%20rope.
2. Crocq M. A. (2020). History of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system�. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 22(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/mcrocq
3. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cannabinoid-Receptors.aspx#:~:text=In%20the%20brain%2C%20the%20CB1,pain%20regulation%20and%20motor%20control.
4. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects#:~:text=Like%20most%20other%20drugs%20that,response%20to%20natural%20rewarding%20stimuli.
5. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/why-does-cannabis-make-you-feel-good
6. https://blog.cannabisclinics.ca/new-to-cannabis/why-does-cannabis-make-us-euphoric/
7. https://interestingengineering.com/science/marijuana-makes-some-people-feel-euphoria-and-others-extreme-paranoia
8. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-gateway-drug
9. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/marijuana-gateway-drug#the-gateway-theory
10. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/29/marijuana-name-cannabis-racism
11. https://www.leafly.com/news/science-tech/why-does-cannabis-produce-thc
12. https://youtu.be/FsJzCdFlpyQ
13. https://youtu.be/Yu4e4YEqVLw
14. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-you-get-high-from-eating-raw-weed
15. http://web.archive.org/web/20070704003310/http://science.nasa.gov/faq/NASA%2520Tech%2520Brief.pdf
16. https://medmen.com/blog/medmen-news/mythbusting-scientists-say-cannabis-strains-are-the-same

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Fan fiction is whn fans take liberties with their favorite characters and put them in new situations or contexts, creating their own stories. It's a way to imagine an intellectual propery in your own strange way. Wouldn't it be great if Lost had a better ending? Sometimes the stories are romantic, sometimes they're action-packed, and sometimes they're just plain weird. And it's not just porn.

Recommendations

• Abraham: The Last of Us https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us)
• Shane: Cult of the Lamb (https://www.cultofthelamb.com/)

Links:

1. https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/learning/fanfiction-books#fifty-shades-of-grey-by-e-l-james-2
2. https://theportalist.com/golden-age-of-science-fiction-books
3. https://medium.com/@ysgomez/from-the-fluff-to-the-angst-the-most-popular-fanfiction-genres-270379d2559#:~:text=the%20%E2%80%9CAngst%E2%80%9D.-,The%20most%20popular%20Fanfiction%20genres,them%20to%20classify%20the%20stories.
4. https://thenovelsmithy.com/why-write-fanfiction/#:~:text=Most%20fan%20writers%20write%20fanfiction,existing%20characters%20in%20new%20situations.
5. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27784341
6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/elea.2006.3.2.170
7. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/storyworlds.3.2011.0001
8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304422X14000825
9. https://www.businessinsider.com/fifty-shades-of-grey-started-out-as-twilight-fan-fiction-2015-2

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

"Feral" is a fancy word for describing something that's wild, untamed, and unaccustomed to human contact - kinda like that one coworker who always brings a live snake to the office. Feral animals are like free-spirited rebels who don't follow the rules, while feral kids are like tiny cavemen who've somehow found their way into the 21st century. In short, if you see something feral, you might wanna give it some space - or at least a Snickers bar.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Social Media Diet
• Shane: Slutty Vegan (https://sluttyveganatl.com/)

Links and references:

1. https://www.etymonline.com/word/feral
2. https://www.treehugger.com/feral-animals-wreaking-environmental-havoc-4869042
3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/invasive-species-can-sometimes-help-an-ecosystem/
4. https://www.adoptananimalkits.com/advocate/companion-animals/params/post/1281181/feral-cats-are-an-important-part-of-the-environment
5. https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/invasive-plant-species-invasive-species-education-1/
6. https://allthatsinteresting.com/feral-children

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

In the small field of Behavior Analysis, there is a smaller subset of practitioners who champion the use of a particular data graphing display called the "Standard Celeration Chart." We explain what is going on with this weird blue chart.

Support us at Patreon: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Learn more about the Standard Celeration Chart: www.celeration.org



Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Spartan culture was all about being tough and ready for battle. They trained hard, ate tough, and had no time for luxuries like haircuts or personal hygiene. They were so tough, they even made their children run away from home at a young age to fend for themselves. They were also known for their legendary battle cry "This is Sparta!" which they shouted while kicking people into wells. All in all, Spartan culture was pretty intense and not for the faint of heart. But hey, at least they had a good sense of humor about it. After all, laughter is the best medicine... unless you're in the middle of a battle. Then, a sharp spear is probably better.

Recommendations

• Abraham: The Devil’s Hour TV show (https://www.amazon.com/The-Devils-Hour-Season-1/dp/B0B5LFBYJW)
• Shane: Using cookbooks

Links and References

1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sparta
2. https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/military/the-spartan-way-the-mindset-and-tactics-of-a-battle-ready-warrior/
3. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/sparta#:~:text=Spartan%20culture%20was%20centered%20on,emphasized%20duty%2C%20discipline%20and%20endurance.
4. https://www.thecollector.com/role-spartan-women-ancient-greece/
5. https://dailyhistory.org/What_Caused_the_Decline_of_Sparta
6. https://www.filmstories.co.uk/features/300-a-film-more-historically-accurate-than-its-given-credit-for/
7. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Thermopylae-Greek-history-480-BC
8. https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/eugenics-program-in-ancient-sparta-and-the-unexpected-results
9. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/342/agoge-the-spartan-education-program/
10. https://sites.psu.edu/thehopliteexperience/the-phalanx/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

It has been suggested that consuming too much ultra-processed food can lead to a decrease in cognitive abilities, particularly in areas such as decision-making and impulse control. Some experts even say that these foods are like "brain junk food," filling your stomach but leaving your brain feeling unsatisfied. There are also critics who point to flaws in this argument including inconsistencies, arbitrariness, and the inherent priviledge afforded by that argument. Or, you could just blame it on the food and continue on with your habits.

Recommendation

• Abraham: His Dark Materials (https://www.hbo.com/his-dark-materials)
• Shane: High on Fire (https://highonfiremerch.com/)

Links:

1. https://ihu.unisinos.br/images/ihu/2022/12/jamaneurology_gomes_gonalves_2022_oi_220079_166915485121698.pdf
2. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2A9776922A28F8F757BDA32C3266AC2A/S1368980017000234a.pdf/div-class-title-the-un-decade-of-nutrition-the-nova-food-classification-and-the-trouble-with-ultra-processing-div.pdf
3. https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/digital-exclusives/why-nova-misses-the-mark
4. https://www.google.com/search?q=nova+carlos+monteiro&oq=NOVA&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0i67j46i67i433j46i67i613j0i67j69i60j69i61.1617j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:efff45ec,vid:wucc_Ra4wuo,st:1

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

This is not about authors. Authoritarians represent an oppressive governmental structure including "communism" and dictatorships. Although different in theory, they are similar in practice. We describe what authoritarianism is, how it works, why it works, and why a relatively substantial amount of people absolutely love it. And Abraham says "... and that sort of thing" a lot.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Avenue Sweets Vegan Caramels (https://www.avenuesweets.com/dairy-free-vegan)
• Shane: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (https://www.tompetty.com)

References:

• https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/nov/20/growing-up-with-the-family-inside-anne-hamilton-byrnes-sinister-cult
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Family_(Australian_New_Age_group)#History
• http://cvltnation.com/ant-hill-kids-break-legs-sledgehammer-go-hell/
• Solt, F. (2012). The Social Origins of Authoritarianism. Political Research Quarterly, 65(4), 703–713.
• https://freedomhouse.org/
• https://www.philosophytalk.org/blog/appeal-authoritarianism
• https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2022/global-expansion-authoritarian-rule

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

WARNING: There is some discussion about suicide.
John Broadus Watson was a giant historical figure in the history of psychology and is often referred to as the father of behaviorism. He developed several hypothesis, experiments, and strategies that advanced the science of psychology. In many things, he was at least partially correct, but often politically or scientifically incorrect. We highlight the particulars of his life and level some of our own opinions of him. This is for all you history buffs.

Recommendations

• Abraham: The Menu (https://www.searchlightpictures.com/the-menu/)
• Shane: Top Shelf Records (https://www.topshelfrecords.com/)

Links and references:

1. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-B-Watson
2. https://www.verywellmind.com/john-b-watson-biography-1878-1958-2795550
3. https://isenbergmarketing.wordpress.com/2016/01/28/creating-the-coffee-break-marketing-and-the-manipulation-of-demand/
4. https://kids.kiddle.co/John_B._Watson
5. https://headstuff.org/culture/history/terrible-people-from-history/john-b-watson-dark-psychologist/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

This second conversation gets into the more widely discussed arguments about immigration. Countries that receive legal and illegal immigrants can profit from them. Countries that lose citizens may benefit from their people leaving, but they may also suffer. It's a complicated issue, but there's a fairly clear winner... if you want to be the winner.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Moneyball (https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/moneyball)
• Shane: 1984 (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61439040-1984)

Links and References

1. Levitt, P., & Jaworsky, B. N. (2007). Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. In Annual Review of Sociology (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 129–156). Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816
2. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth
3. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/10-countries-that-take-the-most-immigrants?slide=14
4. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations
5. https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/north-american-century/benefits-of-immigration-outweigh-costs
6. https://thesciencebehindit.org/how-does-immigration-affect-the-u-s-economy/
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zftZI1M1S2Y&t=78s
8. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0809/3-ways-immigration-helps-and-hurts-the-economy.aspx#:~:text=Economically%2C%20those%20in%20favor%20of,%2Dborn%20low%2Dskilled%20workers.
9. https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration/
10. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR244.html
11. https://www.aclu.org/other/immigrants-and-economy
12. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/how-immigration-impacts-the-economy-4125413
13. https://wol.iza.org/articles/effect-of-emigration-on-home-country-political-institutions/long
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXqnRMU1fTs
15. https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/colossus.htm

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Transnational immigration is a major talking point and vote-motivating topic among many people around the world. People migrate due to push and pull factors, meaning motivation to go to a country or to leave a country. Doing this "legally" is a complicated, confusing, and arbitrary. In part 1, we mostly tackle the logistics of migrating. In part 2, we will tackle the implications for the departing and the receiving countries. Get ready to get political.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Dinosaur Island: Rawr n’ Write (https://pandasaurusgames.com/products/dinosaur-island-rawr-write)
• Shane: Pokemon Scarlet/Violet (https://scarletviolet.pokemon.com/en-us/)

Links and references:

1. Levitt, P., & Jaworsky, B. N. (2007). Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. In Annual Review of Sociology (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 129–156). Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816
2. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth
3. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/10-countries-that-take-the-most-immigrants?slide=14
4. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations
5. https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/north-american-century/benefits-of-immigration-outweigh-costs
6. https://thesciencebehindit.org/how-does-immigration-affect-the-u-s-economy/
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zftZI1M1S2Y&t=78s
8. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0809/3-ways-immigration-helps-and-hurts-the-economy.aspx#:~:text=Economically%2C%20those%20in%20favor%20of,%2Dborn%20low%2Dskilled%20workers.
9. https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration/
10. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR244.html
11. https://www.aclu.org/other/immigrants-and-economy
12. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/how-immigration-impacts-the-economy-4125413
13. https://wol.iza.org/articles/effect-of-emigration-on-home-country-political-institutions/long
14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXqnRMU1fTs
15. https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/colossus.htm

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

We celebrate 5 years as a podcast with some then and now reflections. We review some of the topics we have covered, entertainment we have enjoyed, science achievements, major events, scientists we have lost, and all of the people who have helped us along the way. Unfortunately, Abraham wasn't feeling well during recording and sounded a little inarticulate. A nice fun bow on the podcast for the year. See you in 2023!

Check out
dbasig.com

Recommendations

• Abraham: Hell Baby (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2318527/)
• Shane: Chat Pile - God’s Country (https://chatpile.bandcamp.com/album/gods-country)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

What is steampunk? Why is steampunk? Who is steampunk? This is the future as imagined through the fashion and technology of victorian era zeitgeist, or Japanese, or cowboys, or any number of other takes on retro-futuristic cosplay and motifs. Also, it's national short story day, don't make your bed day, coquito day, ribbon candy day, flashlight day, look on the birght side day, and crossword puzzle day.

Recommendations

• Abraham: Spirited (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10999120/)
• Shane: Andor (https://disneyplusoriginals.disney.com/show/andor)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Some people can eat nearly anything (or actually anything) without becoming ill. One man's digestion was so severe that he would eat four times the average person and lose weight. Also, another person could take punishing blows to the abdomen, some people swallow all sorts of foreign objects for entertainment, and of course, competitive eating. Stories of the unique and often sad.

Recommendations

- Abraham: Sesame Seed Bagels
- Shane: Big Fish (Book): http://danielwallace.org/big-fish-book-daniel-wallace/

Links and References
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9DZmoRY0H4
- https://historycollection.com/this-18th-century-man-literally-ate-everything-which-led-to-one-of-the-most-disturbing-medical-cases-in-history/3/
- https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/why-do-only-some-people-have-cast-iron-stomachs/
- https://www.wltx.com/article/news/how-competitive-eaters-do-it-and-what-it-does-to-them/101-570676293

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Ketamine is a new and still controversial medical intervention being explored for its utility in mental health treatment. Is there something of substance here or just another false promise? We dig into the current status of Ketamine and speak to the parent of a child who is receiving medicinal Ketamine.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Yoplait dairy-free yogurt (https://www.ouibyyoplait.com/products?gclid=Cj0KCQiAkMGcBhCSARIsAIW6d0AuCnH5w9VA4wd8kA6hkNssQ3sGMeUcIDD1qxwC2XXe7kXAE75AjawaAnHPEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)
- Shane: Andor (https://disneyplusoriginals.disney.com/show/andor)

Links and Resources
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881120959644
- https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Ketamine-2020.pdf
- https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/ketamine.pdf
- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistant-depression-available-only-certified
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/10/18/why-ketamine-assisted-therapy-has-gone-mainstream/?sh=22ec80401615

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

This discussion concludes by exploring how empathy develops. This can result in people with extremely high empathy and extremely low empathy. Where do you fall on the spectrum of empathy? Consider that wherever you, you can be somehwere else on this spectrum. 

Recommendations:

• Abraham: Deadpool & Wolverine (https://www.marvel.com/movies/deadpool-and-wolverine)
• Shane: Try a nutritionist

Links and References: 

1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy
2. Luciano, et al. (2020). Perspective taking, empathy, and compassion. In Applied Behavior Analysis of Language and Cognition (Fryling et al, Eds). Oakland, CA: Context Press
3. Wilson, D. S., & Hayes, S. C. (2018). Evolution and contextual behavior science. Oakland, CA: Context Press. 
4. Barnes-Holmes et al. (2001). Psychological development. In Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition. New York, NY: Klewur Acadmic/Plenum Press
5. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House.
6. https://www.humintell.com/2019/05/the-cultural-significance-of-smiling/
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169872/
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427576/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20showed%20that%20adults,develop%20alexithymia%20and%20low%20empathy.
9. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1541204020939647
10. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-88174-004
11. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13554794.2013.826695
12. https://uktherapyguide.com/empathy-disorder-what-is-it-symptoms-and-how-to-overcome-it
13. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/29/confessions-of-a-hyper-empath
14. https://www.verywellmind.com/hyper-empathy-in-autism-8426957
15. https://www.theedgetreatment.com/hyper-empathy-disorder-what-happens-when-you-feel-too-much/
16. https://www.psychalive.org/empaths/
17. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-finesse/202202/the-challenges-being-empath

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Below the ribs. Hypochondriasis, now illness anxiety disorder, is the debilitating fear that symptoms or the potential for symptoms will lead to more severe disease. It is different from those who imagine being sick and make themselves sick, and different from those who just want attention or sympathy or to get out of obligations. You might be surprised!

Recommendations:
- Abraham: Maitake Mushrooms (hen of the woods)
- Shane: Carcass - “Heartwork” (https://carcass.bandcamp.com/album/heartwork-full-dynamic-range-edition)

Links and references:
1. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/cyberchondria.htm?srch_tag=kftvlwfzzppuxmkhynxqr6ida6ri3ddp
2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782
3. Bound, F. (2006). Hypochondria. In The Lancet (Vol. 367, Issue 9505, p. 105). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)67948-8
4. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/hypochondriasis#:~:text=Hypochondriasis%20may%20occur%20in%20an,one%20of%20these%20other%20disorders.
5. aan de Stegge, B. M., Tak, L. M., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2018). Death anxiety and its association with hypochondriasis and medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research (Vol. 115, pp. 58–65). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.002
6. https://jessielder.com/blog/a-hypochondriac-story
7. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782
8. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290955-overview

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The party of national programs, federal regulations, and taxes: The republicans! If you're in the 1700s-1800s. At some point, the policies of the parties switched from the democrats to the republicans and the other way around. What happened? How? And Why? Let's dig into the history.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Ghosts (TV Series; https://www.cbs.com/shows/ghosts/)
- Shane: Wakanda Forever (https://www.marvel.com/movies/black-panther-wakanda-forever)

References and Links
1. https://www.livescience.com/34241-democratic-republican-parties-switch-platforms.html
2. https://dk.usembassy.gov/da/youth-education-da/the-american-political-system/history-of-the-democratic-and-republican-parties/#:~:text=The%20Democratic%20Party%20largely%20stayed,the%20modern%20Republican%20Party%20platform.
3. https://dk.usembassy.gov/da/youth-education-da/the-american-political-system/history-of-the-democratic-and-republican-parties/#:~:text=The%20Democratic%20Party%20largely%20stayed,the%20modern%20Republican%20Party%20platform.
4. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/bryan-william-jennings

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

This treatment involves moving your eyes back and forth while engaging in systematic desensitization. And maybe a purple hat. Does EMDR work for PTSD or other mental health issues? We unpack the "philosophy" and science behind EMDR. What's there, what isn't, and how we might tell the difference.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Verdant (game: https://www.flatout.games/verdant)
- Shane: IT by Stephen King (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/it.html)

Links and Sources
1. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/eye-movement-reprocessing
2. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/emdr.asp
3. VanElzakker, M. B., Dahlgren, M. K., Davis, F. C., Dubois, S., & Shin, L. M. (2014). From Pavlov to PTSD: the extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 113, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.014
4. Hoogsteder, L. M., Ten Thije, L., Schippers, E. E., & Stams, G. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT in Reducing Trauma Symptoms and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescents. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 66(6-7), 735–757. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211010290
5. https://centerfordiscovery.com/understanding-actually-happens-emdr-therapy/
6. Menon, S. B., & Jayan, C. (2010). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: a conceptual framework. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 32(2), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.78512
7. Shapiro, F. (1989), Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. J. Traum. Stress, 2: 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490020207
8. Cuijpers, P., Veen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Yoder, W., & Cristea, I. A. (2020). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 49(3), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2019.1703801
9. Rajaraman, A., Austin, J.L., Gover, H.C., Cammilleri, A.P., Donnelly, D.R. and Hanley, G.P. (2022), Toward trauma-informed applications of behavior analysis. Jnl of Applied Behav Analysis, 55: 40-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.881
10. https://phtherapies.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/emdr-empirically-supported-treatment-or-pseudoscience/
11. Herbert, J. D., Lilienfeld, S. O., Lohr, J. M., Montgomery, R. W., O'Donohue, W. T., Rosen, G. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2000). Science and pseudoscience in the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for clinical psychology. Clinical psychology review, 20(8), 945–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00017-3
12. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-896

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

If we had to ask... This is a revisit of our discussion from April 2018 with a little more conversation with the new host (Shane).

Recommendations
- Shane: Sell Out (Book by Dan Ozzi; https://www.danozzi.com/books/sellout)
- Abraham: Hocus Pocus 2 (https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/hocus-pocus-2/4Q5cWHlnVCun)

Links and resources:
Links
Bannerman, D. J., Sheldon, J. B., Sherman, J. A., & Harchik, A. E. (1990). Balancing the right to habilitation with the right to personal liberties: The rights of people with developmental disabilities to eat too many doughnuts and take a nap. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1990.23-79

Clayton, M. (2018). The song remains the same: A review of Harris’ Free Will. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 41(2), 653-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-018-0140-2

Coyne, J. (2015). Free Will. In J. Brockman (Ed.), This idea must die (pp. 153-158). HarperCollins Books.

Friman, P. C. (2021). There is no such thing as a bad boy: The Circumstances View of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 54(2), 636-653. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.816

Harris, S. (2012). Free Will. The Free Press.

Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Analysis & Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Free will. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freewill

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.

Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. Alfred Knopf.

Witts, B. N., & Ward, T. A. (2014). A review of Sam Harris’s Free Will. The Psychological Record, 64(1), 139-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-014-0018-y

https://behavioralinquiry.com/2019/09/18/philosophic-doubt-when-scientific-inquiry-matters/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

While shrugging is a common expression, used by many cultures, the explanation as to why we shrug is still vague and for the most part an unanswered question. Perhaps warranting a shrug to answer its own question. While empirical data and theories are limited, a few people, most notable Darwin, did try to provide theories such as why. Theories extend from it being an expression of one’s emotions to convey uncertainty or dismissive to their listener to a primitive expressive act that humans innately engage in.

Recommendations
Abraham: VOTE! Support science-supporting candidates
Shane: Archers of Loaf - Reason in Decline (new album; https://open.spotify.com/album/248FBJsqTT5aXWsQzyzpyf?si=Ivha3b2hTA6kacVVFGUrSw)

Links and References
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shrug
- http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1142&viewtype=text
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPN2717RMLY
- http://kensycooperrider.com/blog/origins-of-the-shrug
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0145482X0009400902?casa_token=osepvyNFZN4AAAAA%3A16yxNAS8KzTXPtFt4211l-h7x8ZOpO1dzkOnSYRleifsPVwxee_351yF-jwoAbseO3yg4N1_h66PUw&
- https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/semi.1977.19.1-2.13/html
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/26203884?saml_data=eyJzYW1sVG9rZW4iOiI5MDE3NWU1Ny1lMzNjLTQ1ZmItODIzZi00NTM2OGQ5ZGY4YzgiLCJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJmOTI0NWE1OS1mMzExLTRmYWUtYmM3NS05ZWU3YzdmMWZjZWYiXX0&seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents
- https://benjamins.com/catalog/getpdf?webfile=a34225979

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

These are the strange, often horrifying, sometimes cuddly mythical creatures of lore. Sometimes they are meant to scare us away from dangers, sometimes to gain obedience, and sometimes to explain the unexplainable. We talk about several cryptids throughout history and what role they served. The season finale of our halloween-themed topics!

Recommendations
Abraham: Endless Winter: Paleoamericans (https://shop.asmodee.com/endless-winter-5-paleoamericans-ewp01)
Shane: Cloakroom - Time Well (https://open.spotify.com/album/4IVYDbl6kEWudawwIDQoLh?si=b__2l6uxSnSr41BcjR7-Mg)

References and links:
https://www.thatsmags.com/guangzhou/post/11322/china-s-top-five-creepy-cryptids
https://exemplore.com/cryptids/9-Mysterious-Monsters-of-Africa

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The one you've all been waiting for. Maybe. Where did the term "serial killer" come from? Where have serial killers been active around the world? Most importantly, why do they kill people? We do our best to unpack the ins and outs of serial killers for this years installment of our halloween-themed topics

Recommendations
Abraham: Culina Plant-Based Yogurt (https://www.culinayogurt.com/)
Shane: Werewolf by Night (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15318872/)

Links:

1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201406/origin-the-term-serial-killer
2. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6637&context=etd
3. https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder
4. https://fakehistoryhunter.net/2019/09/15/serial-killer-not-coined-by-fbi-in-1970s/
5. https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-historys-most-notorious-serial-killers
6. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/what-explains-the-decline-of-serial-killers
7. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/10/what-makes-a-serial-killer
8. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201909/understanding-what-drives-serial-killers
9. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/american-psychos-10-modern-serial-killers-youve-never-heard-of-102597/
10. http://maamodt.asp.radford.edu/Serial%20Killer%20Information%20Center/Serial%20Killer%20Statistics.pdf
11. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/5-myths-about-serial-killers-and-why-they-persist-excerpt/
12. https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pdf/prisoner_tbi_prof-a.pdf

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

We're not sure what it is... It's unidentified! In this Halloween spooky pod, we take on the history of the pursuit of extraterrestrial visitors. We talk about where the idea of "flying saucers" came from, and several key pieces of "evidence." We also explain cattle mutilation and crop circles. Even if you knew all of that, there are still a few surprises!

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

VooDoo isn't sticking pins in dolls to cause pain to a victim. Actually, it's highly cultural and unique and often helpful. Madam Marie (Paris) Laveau is a fascinating character to tell the story of VooDoo in New Orleans. Welcome to our Halloween Season 3!

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Humans having been keeping animals around for a long time as workers and pest control. Do they serve another purpose all these centuries later? We explore the proportion of our lives that pets consume, why we keep them, and other ways animals/pets participate in our lives.

Recommendations
Abraham: Bullet Train (https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/bullettrain)
Shane: The Woman King (https://www.thewomanking.movie/)

References and Links:
1. https://www.nature.com/articles/276608a0
2. https://nautil.us/why-did-the-ancients-bury-their-dogs-like-family-members-237208/
3. Fine, A. H., Beck, A. M., & Ng, Z. (2019). The State of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Addressing the Contemporary Issues that will Shape the Future. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(20), 3997.
4. https://monster.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Legendary_Creatures
5. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-egyptian-animals-mummies-archaeology
6. https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp
7. https://iancommunity.org/cs/articles/asds_and_animal_assisted_therapies
8. https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/15_0204.htm
9. https://www.animalbehaviorsociety.org/web/applied-behavior-caab-application.php
10. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fhealthypets%2Fhealth-benefits%2Findex.html
11. Ein, N., Li, L., & Vickers, K. (2018). The effect of pet therapy on the physiological and subjective stress response: A meta-analysis. In Stress and Health (Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 477–489). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2812
12. Leng, M., Liu, P., Zhang, P., Hu, M., Zhou, H., Li, G., Yin, H., & Chen, L. (2019). Pet robot intervention for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. In Psychiatry Research (Vol. 271, pp. 516–525). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.032
13. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/202105/why-we-love-our-cats-and-dogs#:~:text=The%20researchers%20found%20pet%20owners,interactions%20with%20family%20and%20friends.
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266064/
15. https://time.com/5670965/veterinarian-suicide-help/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

These are the things we cut our teeth on... Did you know what a "trick cyclist" was? We didn't. Some sayings stick around in the lexicon, some seem to fade into obscurity. We have a lot of fun exploring the history of weird things English speakers have said that we likely wouldn't recognize today. 

Support us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and references:

1. https://promova.com/blog/vocabulary-from-the-early-2000s
2. https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/25-english-expressions-might-encounter/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

People are frequently imprisoned when the pose a threat to the authority of people in power. Most of these were people who did little or nothing besides criticize those in power or something even just know someone who criticized those in power. We discuss several examples of this and many of the implications.

Recommendations
Abraham: The Devil All The Time (Netflix Movie)
Shane: Noam Chomsky’s On Anarchism (https://thenewpress.com/books/on-anarchism)

Links and Resources
1. https://www.state.gov/voices-of-political-prisoners/
2. https://humanrightscommission.house.gov/defending-freedoms-project/who-are-prisoners-conscience
3. https://www.rferl.org/a/explainer-political-prisoners/24881810.html
4. https://memohrc.org/en/specials/guidelines-definition-political-prisoner
5. https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/detention/
6. https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-prisoner
7. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/mlk-topic/martin-luther-king-jr-arrests
8. https://www.mkgandhi.org/chrono/arrestofmahatma.php
9. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases
10. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10455752.2018.1530835?cookieSet=1

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

This is a nostalgic look at our episode on Gender and Sexuality with our first ever guest. We follow-up the episode with an updated discussion on this topic. Enjoy this look back in time.
Recommendations
- Abraham: Lost City (movie; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13320622/)
- Shane: Greenlights by Matthew McCoaisd;aektbsy (https://greenlights.com/)

Links:
1. https://advocatesforyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NSES-2020-web.pdf
2. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/for-educators/whats-state-sex-education-us#:~:text=Sex%20education%20is%20widely%20supported,education%20taught%20in%20high%20school.
3. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/dont-say-gay-law-brings-worry-confusion-to-florida-schools
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662210/
5. https://www.buzzfeed.com/kaylayandoli/ignorant-things-men-said-about-women
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210955/
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284515/
8. https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/misgendering

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

In this face-off between hope and logic and reason vs blustering confusion and nonsense, who will emerge victorious? We discuss the motives and tactics of denialists as well as what, if anything, we can do about it.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Zoom (zoom.us)
Shane: Dead Tank Records (https://deadtankrecords.com/)

Links:
1. https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/05/denialism-vs-skepticism/186824/
2. https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i3/Sowing-Seeds-Doubt.html
3. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/03/denialism-what-drives-people-to-reject-the-truth
4. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/ella-foster-faith-healing-death/29977/
5. http://ossfoundation.us/projects/environment/global-warming/myths/denialist-vs.-skeptic
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321972/
7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/bleecker-street/denial/
8. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/our-book

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Denialists like to claim that they are skeptics and engaging in critical thought. They require ever more evidence from their opponents, but little to no evidence to confirm their own beliefs. This is the opposite of the skeptical position. We are taking denialisms down a peg, listen in to part 1!

Recommendations
- Abraham: Do something nice for someone
- Shane: Do something nice for yourself, too!

Links and resources
1. https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/05/denialism-vs-skepticism/186824/
2. https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i3/Sowing-Seeds-Doubt.html
3. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/03/denialism-what-drives-people-to-reject-the-truth
4. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/ella-foster-faith-healing-death/29977/
5. http://ossfoundation.us/projects/environment/global-warming/myths/denialist-vs.-skeptic
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321972/
7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/bleecker-street/denial/

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Sarcasm can be found in nearly every language and culture and throughout much of human history. Is it because we are all passive aggressive jerks? Or maybe we are all aspiring comedians? We breakdown what is said about sarcasm and what sarcasm says about you.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Villainous (game; https://www.ravensburger.us/discover/games/disney-villainous-game/index.html)
- Shane: Goodfellas (the movie;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099685/)
Links:
1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-science-of-sarcasm-yeah-right-25038/
2. https://procaffenation.com/origin-of-sarcasm/
3. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-45442-5_18
4. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-surprising-benefits-of-sarcasm/
5. https://filmlifestyle.com/what-is-sarcasm/
6. https://www.scienceofpeople.com/sarcasm-why-it-hurts-us/
7. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926488.2018.1481261
8. https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/widm.1331
9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S074959781500076X
10. https://ibcces.org/blog/2020/07/02/not-understanding-sarcasm-big-deal/
11. https://japanintercultural.com/free-resources/articles/humour-works-with-japanese-but-careful-with-sarcasm/
12. https://omniglot.com/language/articles/sarcasm.htm

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

The disaster at the Chornobyl (yes, I spelled that correctly) nuclear power plant was a culmination of human errors, faulty design, and poor leadership. A slight departure for us, but an interesting exploration into the levels of the event.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Kirby Vacuums (https://www.kirby.com/)
- Shane: The Storyteller: Tales of Life and Music by Dave Grohl (https://www.davegrohlstoryteller.com/)

Links and Resources

- World Nuclear Association Information
- History Channel and Nuclear disasters
- five worst nuclear disasters
- True Death Toll
- Facts about nuclear energy
- History Channel
- Associated Press story on Japan to release nuclear water in 2 years (by 2023)
- US Energy Sources (great image here)
1. History Channel
2. Associated Press story on Japan to release nuclear water in 2 years (by 2023)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Road rage is an intensive pattern of various behavior that are commonly demonstrated by drivers as they face the typical inconveniences that exist on the road. In the face of slow drivers, traffic jams, construction, detours, etc., too many people react to the point of speeding, tailgating, and even violent confrontation. As you’d imagine, these behaviors have the potential to result in great harm if not death. To minimize the effects of road rage or prevent instances of it altogether, we might look at environmental events that increase the likelihood of incongruently intense responses. Further, we can encourage drivers to reduce the magnitude of their responses to rage-inducing situations to avoid escalating to violence. If we all work together, with the help of qualified professionals, we can work toward making roads safer…using SCIENCE!

Recommendations
-Abraham: Light-up Faucets
-Shane: Why Civil Resistance Works (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/chen15682#:~:text=They%20find%20that%20nonviolent%20resistance,regime%20to%20maintain%20its%20status)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Working 40 hours per work has been the norm for so long, we seem to take for granted that this is just the normal run-of-the-mill schedule in the U.S. But where did this come from? Why do we use it? Perhaps a change is on the horizon...

Recommendations
Abraham: Burger Patch Sacramento (https://burgerpatch.com/)
Shane: Dune (The Book; https://dunenovels.com/)

Links and references:
1. https://www.cultureamp.com/blog/40-hour-work-week#:~:text=1938%3A%20Congress%20passed%20the%20Fair,work%20week%20became%20U.S.%20law.
2. https://mythdetector.ge/en/the-real-history-behind-the-5-day-working-week/
3. https://www.timesizing.com/history-of-the-american-workweek/
4. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ford-factory-workers-get-40-hour-week#:~:text=On%20May%201%2C%201926%2C%20Ford,office%20workers%20the%20following%20August
5. https://redi.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2017/06/REDI-report-April-gig-economy.pdf
6. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/05/13/is-it-time-for-a-shorter-workweek/
7. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110208131529.htm
1. Atsunori Ariga, Alejandro Lleras. Brief and rare mental 'breaks' keep you focused: Deactivation and reactivation of task goals preempt vigilance decrements. Cognition, 2011; DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.12.007
8. https://data.oecd.org/emp/hours-worked.htm
9. https://time.com/4621185/worker-productivity-countries/
10. https://www.studyfinds.org/study-finds-that-40-hour-workweeks-bad-for-mental-health/
11. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shifting-workplace-dynamics/202110/should-we-end-the-40-hour-workweek

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

What makes Vietnamese coffee different from Malaysian coffee? What should expect if you are visiting a coffee shop in Sweden? Despite being one of the world's largest coffee exporters, In Brazil, you probably won't even find dedicated coffee shops. Listen in to hear the answers to these questions and develop a craving for all the coffee and world travel. Enjoy!

Recommendations
- Abraham: Dashlane (https://www.dashlane.com/)
- Shane: Neighbor’s Ice Cream (https://www.neighborsicecream.com/)

Sources and Links:
1. https://lifeandthyme.com/drink/coffee-rituals-around-the-world/
2. https://www.getaway.co.za/food/coffee-from-around-the-world/
3. https://justinpluslauren.com/coffee-traditions-around-the-world/
4. https://driftaway.coffee/how-to-make-south-indian-filter-coffee/
5. https://www.neuroast.com/blogs/the-daily-roast/7-coffee-rituals-from-around-the-world

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

We are adding a new format of rerunning old episodes and updating the research and adding discussion points. Enjoy a nostalgic return to WWDWWD 5 years ago plus our updated discussion.

Back at this time, we didn't have recommendations. So Shane and Abraham added some.
Abraham: Schitt's Creek (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3526078/)
Shane: Buy your friend's book

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Empathy is a common term that has an elusive definition and nebulous parameters. In this first episode, we set out to walk through definitions of empathy and try to narrow it down to its most critical features. Further, we describe the scientific attempts to objectively measure empathetic observation. Next week, we will explain the development of empathy and when people become extremely empathetic or deficient in empathy. 

Recommendations part 1

• Abraham: The Bear (season 3; https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-bear)
• Shane: Gojira performing at the Olympics (https://loudwire.com/gojira-first-metal-band-play-olympics-opening-ceremony-watch/)

Holidays (08/07/2024:

• Aged Care Employee Day (Australia)
• Mom’s Equal Pay Day
• National Beach Party Day
• National Lighthouse Day
• National Psychiatric Technician Appreciation Day
• National Raspberries and Cream Day
• National Opportunity Day
• National Sea Serpent Day
• Particularly Preposterous Packaging Day
• Professional Speakers Day
• Purple Heart Day
• Exercise with your Child Week
• International Assistance Dog Week
• International Clown Week
• International Mathematicians Week
• National Bargain Hunting Week
• National Minority Donor Awareness Week
• Simply Your Life week
• Weird Contest Week
• World Breastfeeding Week
• Marine Week
• Child Vision Awareness Month
• National Breastfeeding Month
• Beautiful in your Skin Month
• Cheerleading Safety Month

Links and References:
Links: 

1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy
2. Luciano, et al. (2020). Perspective taking, empathy, and compassion. In Applied Behavior Analysis of Language and Cognition (Fryling et al, Eds). Oakland, CA: Context Press
3. Wilson, D. S., & Hayes, S. C. (2018). Evolution and contextual behavior science. Oakland, CA: Context Press. 
4. Barnes-Holmes et al. (2001). Psychological development. In Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition. New York, NY: Klewur Acadmic/Plenum Press
5. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House.
6. https://www.humintell.com/2019/05/the-cultural-significance-of-smiling/
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169872/
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427576/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20showed%20that%20adults,develop%20alexithymia%20and%20low%20empathy.
9. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1541204020939647
10. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-88174-004
11. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13554794.2013.826695
12. https://uktherapyguide.com/empathy-disorder-what-is-it-symptoms-and-how-to-overcome-it
13. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/29/confessions-of-a-hyper-empath
14. https://www.verywellmind.com/hyper-empathy-in-autism-8426957
15. https://www.theedgetreatment.com/hyper-empathy-disorder-what-happens-when-you-feel-too-much/
16. https://www.psychalive.org/empaths/
17. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-finesse/202202/the-challenges-being-empath

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Hair: A weird thing humans have weaponized, leverages, and used many culturally unique and important ways. There's actually a million things to say about this, but we took on the race angle in this conversation. This is a very brief history about afro-textured hair; when the racism and discrimination started, how far it has came, and how much more education and understanding we need.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Turning Red (movie: https://movies.disney.com/turning-red)
Shane: Stranger Things Season 4 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80057281)

References and Links:
Links:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-textured_hair
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Ta0XKlisg
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto
4. Jahangir, Rumeana. "How does black hair reflect black history?". BBC.
5. Nasheed, Jameelah (April 10, 2018). "When Black Women Were Required By Law to Cover Their Hair".
6. "538 F. 2d 164 - Jenkins v. Blue Cross Mutual Hospital Insurance Inc". OpenJurist.
7. Banks, Ingrid (2000). Hair matters : beauty, power, and Black women's consciousness. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814713372. OCLC 51232344.
8. Mercer, Kobena (1987). "Black hair/style politics" (PDF). New Formations. 3: 33–54.
9. Edmondson, Vickie Cox; Carroll, Archie B. (1999). "Giving Back: An Examination of the Philanthropic Motivations, Orientations and Activities of Large Black-Owned Businesses". Journal of Business Ethics. 19 (2): 171–179. doi:10.1023/A:1005993925597. JSTOR 25074086. S2CID 15255094.
10. Rooks, Noliwe M. (1996). Hair raising : beauty, culture, and African American women. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780585098272. OCLC 44964950.
11. Douglas, William (Oct 9, 2009). "For Many Black Women, Hair Tells the Story of Their Roots". Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved Dec 29, 2009.
12. Brown, Stacia (2015). "My Hair, My Politics". New Republic. Vol. 246. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original on 2020-07-27.
13. Oyedemi, Toks (2016). "Beauty as violence: 'beautiful hair' and the cultural violence of identity erasure". Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture. 22 (5): 537–553. doi:10.1080/13504630.2016.1157465. S2CID 147092123.
14. X, Malcolm; Haley, Alex (1965). The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Press.
15. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/25/black-pupils-excluded-hair-discrimination-equality-act

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

We recorded this discussion before the court officially overturned Roe v. Wade. But we decided to record this because of the leaked draft that happened in May. What is the science and psychology of abortions? We do our best to unpack this, but we will admit now our bias in favor of women's rights.

Recommendations
Abraham: Planned Parenthood (https://www.weareplannedparenthoodaction.org/onlineactions/6iOI0_HnUUmPu_6_SRgayg2?sourceid=1006442&ms=4NALz2100K1N1A&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8O-VBhCpARIsACMvVLMvF1DsCEcQzWjncP0rQSIazbbLNU5etm7spSKBcr9Uh0-PCgUZvroaAuhSEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)
Shane: Know how your representatives vote (https://library.bu.edu/legis)

Links and Resources
1. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113
2. https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/abortion/abortion-central-history-reproductive-health-care-america#:~:text=Abortion%20was%20frequently%20practiced%20in,ambiguous%20and%20difficult%20to%20enforce.
3. https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-abortion#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5957082/
5. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/21/health/women-reasons-abortion-trnd/index.html
6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088#:~:text=An%20ectopic%20pregnancy%20occurs%20when,is%20called%20a%20tubal%20pregnancy.
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395931/
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207970/
9. https://time.com/3582434/6-abortion-myths/
10. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/fd/de/fddee2ba-5ae1-4a89-9c4f-7e72c8a4db02/210218-fact-sheet-cmp-fetal-tissue-backgrounder-prod.pdf
11. https://oversight.house.gov/planned-parenthood-fact-v-fiction
12. https://adoptionnetwork.com/adoption-myths-facts/domestic-us-statistics/
13. https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/my-abortion-story
14. https://www.insider.com/stevie-nicks-abortion-fleetwood-mac-reproductive-rights-2020-10

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Support our podcast: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast