In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we talk about a new and exciting biodegradable polymer that seems to outperform commercial super glues. Then we discuss a compound called sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) that is used in high voltage equipment. Not only is SF6 a potent greenhouse gas, if you breathe it in it has the opposite effect of helium — it makes your voice deep. But it can also lead to asphyxiation so you should not breathe it in. We repeat: do not breathe this gas in.  

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An estimated 132 million babies were born across the globe last year — really just a drop in the bucket when you think about the over 100 billion babies born since modern humans first lived on Earth 200,000 years ago. And until very recently we had few tools to understand how they were doing in the womb, how they would fare in the days after birth, and how a pregnant person would change physically and mentally not just during pregnancy but in the months and years that followed. Things have changed dramatically, particularly over the last decade, in terms of the care and technology that’s available preconception, during pregnancy, and post-birth. But there is still so much we don’t know about these time periods, both for baby and mom, and many a black box remains. 

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we talk about why the FDA recently banned Red Dye No. 3 and how concerned people should be about its use in food. Then we cover icy winter roads and the fascinating science behind clearing them and taking a more sustainable approach that won’t hurt the environment.

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Around 400 million tons of plastic are produced annually, which is the estimated weight of all of humanity! Plastic-covered beaches and litter on the side of the road is gross and depressing, but it turns out that stuff is just the visible tip of the iceberg. Plastic breaks down into tiny, tiny pieces that have now been found in almost every ecosystem on the planet—from the bottom of the ocean to mountain ranges in Europe. They’ve also been found in us. This episode of Tiny Matters is all about microplastics and both the molecules that stick to them and the ones they release, like forever chemicals (aka PFAS). Find Imari's upcoming book about plastics here. If you're looking for more info on microplastics monitoring and policy, check out  this episode of Stereo Chemistry from our friends at C&EN. If you're in the United States: for data on your region's drinking water go to the Environmental Working Group's website here. The Tiny Show & Tell stories this week can be found here and  here. Pick up a Tiny Matters mug here! All Tiny Matters transcripts are available here. 

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In this episode of Tiny Matters, Sam and Deboki go on a detection dog deep dive. These are dogs who can sniff out basically anything, from explosives to invasive pythons to diseases like cancer and COVID-19. How are they trained? Are certain breeds better at recognizing certain odors? And, come to think of it, how do any of us smell things? Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Pick up a Tiny Matters mug here! All Tiny Matters transcripts are available here.

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Maybe you know Hank Green from Vlogbrothers or CrashCourse. Maybe he taught you something on TikTok. Maybe you’ve read one of his books. Or maybe you know him from about a dozen other things. Hank does a lot, so Sam and Deboki were psyched to get a chance to chat with him. Even more about Hank at https://hankgreen.com/ Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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For centuries, scientists have looked through microscopes to witness the worlds of tiny creatures and cells that exist all around us. In this episode, Sam and Deboki learn what it takes to hunt down a rare microbe and why it matters for how we understand evolution and the connections between species today. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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Over the last year we've talked about the microbiome, the evolution of lactose intolerance, why we've only eradicated one infectious disease, if sugar is actually addictive, vampire science, and so, so much more. There are lots of tiny things out there that have a big impact. So what do YOU want to hear about? What science questions are on your mind? Let us know! tinymatters@acs.org 

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Today, we're taking a look back at a handful of our favorite episode moments from the first year of Tiny Matters. Want to tell us your favorite? Have suggestions for topics for 2023? Email us! tinymatters@acs.org. Here's the article in The Conversation that Deboki mentions. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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In the final episode of Tiny Matters for 2022, Sam and Deboki chat with Latif Nasser about his experience as the co-host and director of research at Radiolab, his love of science history and telling surprising stories about everyday things, and much, much more. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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The Ig Nobel Prize celebrates discoveries and inventions that are unusual and imaginative. Think of it as the younger, more fun sibling of the revered Nobel Prize. Ig Nobel Prize winners are often recognized for research that might not make it into a more traditional science journal—one that doesn’t publish studies about levitating frogs or constipated scorpions. You’re in for a fun one. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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The ‘microbiome’ is very trendy right now. Maybe you’ve seen supplements marketed on social media or on store shelves that supposedly “support a healthy gut microbiome.” But what exactly is a microbiome? What does it have to do with your health? And is your gut microbiome actually connected to your brain?! Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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Sam and Deboki went on vacations to Greece and Norway and (not so shockingly) found science along the way. Get ready to hear all about the northern lights, ancient skull surgery, lava bombs, and more! Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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In 1975, NASA launched two spacecraft to Mars. Viking 1 and Viking 2 arrived at their destination less than a year later, each bringing a lander to explore the surface of the planet and an orbiter to survey above. What was supposed to be a 90 day mission ended up lasting until the early 1980s. Those years provided scientists with important data about the Martian landscape, from seismometer readings of marsquakes to the reddish color of the sky.

But the Viking missions had another important task: they were going to look for possible signs of life. The Viking experiments would go on to become an important landmark in science, one that’s helped researchers in a number of fields figure out what we can be doing better to find signs of life beyond Earth.

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What is aging, exactly? Is it days on a calendar? The number of wrinkle lines on your forehead? And what causes aging? In this episode of Tiny Matters, Sam and Deboki tackle those questions plus if any of those ‘fountain of youth’ products on your newsfeed will actually keep you from aging, and if there will ever be a day where aging is a thing of the past. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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Halloween is right around the corner, and what’s Halloween without the undead?! In this episode, Sam and Deboki cover the mythology surrounding vampires and the possible scientific and medical connections to that mythology. Plus: how you could use chemistry to survive a zombie apocalypse. Check out Monstrum: Dracula, the first modern vampire Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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Sam was an avid eater of greasy, cheesy pizza until her early 20s. Now, dairy has her running to the bathroom (tmi). Why is that the case for so many people all over the world? This week’s episode covers what causes lactose intolerance, why it’s not the same thing as a dairy allergy, and what might have caused a rapid shift in humans’ ability to digest lactose. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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A recent study looking at sleeping spiders left Sam and Deboki with a lot of questions, namely, “Do spiders dream? And why do we humans dream?” In this episode of Tiny Matters, you’ll hear all about dreaming and its connection to sleep, and learn what big questions the field is still trying to answer. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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When you wash your dishes, take a shower, or flush a toilet you send a bunch of waste into your local sewer. But wastewater isn’t just filled with things like food scraps, soap, and feces—it also contains microbes, like viruses. During the pandemic, scientists realized how powerful a tool wastewater is for tracking many diseases, including COVID-19. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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Sam and Deboki chat with astrophysicist and folklorist Moiya McTier about her new book, The Milky Way: An Autobiography of Our Galaxy. It’s a fascinating read about our galaxy’s past and future, what scientists have uncovered about it, and what people have been inspired to create by studying it. Pick up a copy online or on bookstore shelves now. And to learn more about Moiya and the many things she’s up to, check out her website: https://www.moiyamctier.com/ Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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Regeneration is a hot topic in the sciences, and for good reason. We humans are not known for being great at regenerating, but if we could understand how other organisms do it so easily we might be able to heal a spinal cord injury or damaged organs and limbs. Or we could even slow the aging process and not suffer from diseases like Alzheimer’s. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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Humans have been finding ways of preserving food for thousands of years—long before the invention of silica gel packs that absorb moisture or chemicals that keep away bacteria and mold. This week’s Tiny Matters is about the evolution of food preservation and the regulations that came about to keep us safe from the more dangerous food additives we came up with (ahem, arsenic candy). Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters   

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On May 8, 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox—a highly-deadly disease in humans—had been eradicated. Today it’s still the only one we’ve completely wiped out. So, how’d we do it? And why haven’t we done it for the many other diseases that plague us, like COVID-19? Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters   

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Marine conservation biologist David Shiffman joins Tiny Matters to chat about sharks and his new book Why Sharks Matter. We talk weird physiology, misconceptions, cinematic jump scares, Sharknado easter eggs, and science-backed activism. Check out Why Sharks Matter here. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we talk about what dark energy and dark matter are made out of and how knowing more could upend our understanding of the Big Bang. Then we cover microchimeric cells — cells transferred between baby and mom — and how new research in mice shows that fetal cells that took residency in mom from a first pregnancy are replaced by new fetal cells of a second pregnancy.

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On September 11, 2001, nearly 3,000 people died, many of whom were first responders. Today, World Trade Center first responders who are still alive are being diagnosed with illnesses like lung disease and cancer more often than the general population. Many scientists say the air pollution caused by the terrorist attack is to blame. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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On December 5, 1952, the city of London was engulfed in a lethal black haze that killed thousands of people. This event, now known as the Great Smog, altered how London and much of the world viewed air pollution, and led to environmental policies that have no doubt saved many lives since then. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters  

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When it comes to human decomposition, scientists have a pretty good understanding of what happens shortly after you die. But what happens months or years later is mostly a mystery, and that makes it hard for law enforcement to figure out how a person died and, ultimately, provide answers to loved ones of the deceased. That’s where anthropological research facilities (a.k.a. body farms) come in. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. More on the MOVE bombing. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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In 2016, Zika virus dominated the news, but today it seems to have dropped out of public consciousness. Zika is still out there and thousands of children and their families continue to be impacted by its devastating effects. In this episode, you’ll hear from a scientist who's been working with children with congenital Zika syndrome since the start of the outbreak, as well as from a journalist who has spoken with families who are feeling left behind. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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We humans eat a heck of a lot of sugar. So, how do our bodies process it? And why is eating so much of it so bad? In this episode, we tackle those questions, plus the ‘is sugar addictive?’ debate, and talk about how a DNA mutation that helped our ancestors survive millions of years ago is making life in today’s sugar-saturated world all the more dangerous. Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories here and here. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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Science, when it falls into the wrong hands, can do a whole lot more harm than good. This episode is about the historical use of biological agents, the science behind what makes them dangerous, and how researchers are developing drugs to save people who have been exposed to them. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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Have you ever had such a clear memory of something and then found out it never happened? We tend to think of a memory as a photo in an album that we can open up and access whenever we want. But it’s more like the pieces of a photo scattered in a stack of papers and you might only be able to access a couple of those pieces at a time. In this week's episode we're asking, "How do our brains form and store memories? And why do we lose them?" Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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Bonus, bonus! This week on Tiny Matters, get ready to learn a bit about hosts Sam and Deboki. Who are they? Why do they love talking about science so much? Who are their science writing idols? Are they self-conscious about what their voices sound like? Answers to those need-to-know/certainly do-not-need-to-know questions are coming your way! Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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Typhoid fever is a disease that, in the United States, is synonymous with Mary Mallon—a woman better known as Typhoid Mary, who infected New Yorkers with typhoid in the early 1900s. But typhoid is not just a thing of the past. Across the globe every single year, it kills over 100,000 people. And over the last few years, even in countries like the US where typhoid hasn’t been a concern for generations, the number of reported cases is climbing. So why is typhoid making a comeback? And what are scientists doing to stop it? Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters 

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Pollution, disease, and climate change are pushing the limits of what coral reefs can withstand. But, despite those harsh conditions, some corals are thriving. Scientists are trying to understand how that's possible, and what they're learning could save these incredible ecosystems from extinction. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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In December 2017, the FDA approved a new injectable drug to treat type 2 diabetes called semaglutide, which you likely know by its brand name: Ozempic. A few years later, during the pandemic, Wegovy, a drug with a higher dose of the same active ingredient, was approved specifically for chronic weight management. Soon after, people taking Ozempic started reporting a dramatic, even “life-changing” weight loss. Ozempic is now a bona fide blockbuster. So what’s the science behind these “wonder drugs” that apparently 1 in 10 of us could end up using? They have the potential to have so many positive effects on our lives, from treating Alzheimer’s disease and addiction to changing our relationship with consumption but, like with most things, they also come with risks.

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We had a vaccine for COVID-19 within a year of identifying the virus that causes it, yet still don’t have one for HIV after 40 years of research. Why is that? On this week’s episode, Sam and Deboki cover HIV’s history and spread, how it causes AIDS, and the tiny things it does that have allowed it to evade potential vaccines for decades. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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This week on Tiny Matters, we’re talking about dinosaurs: the ancient beasts that died off 65 million years ago but whose remains still captivate us today. Fossils are helping scientists piece together how dinos and other extinct creatures looked and behaved. That info isn’t just inspiring movies like Jurassic Park—it’s helping researchers predict Earth’s future and could even lead to more sustainable tech. Episode transcripts at acs.org/tinymatters

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Tiny Matters is an award-winning podcast about tiny things — from molecules to microbes — that have a big and often surprising impact on our world. Every Wednesday, hosts and former scientists Sam Jones and Deboki Chakravarti cover topics from infectious disease to the search for extraterrestrial life, embracing the awe and messiness of science.

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we hear from a listener who has Marfan syndrome and dive into the complexities of the disease. Then we talk about pathogens that eat — or infiltrate! — plant DNA.

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Over the last 200 years or so, vaccines have come a long way, for a number of viruses. We’ve made so much progress, in fact, that in 2017 scientists began the early stages of vaccine development for some virus families they believed could pose a future pandemic threat. One of those families was Coronaviridae: coronaviruses. Not many people know that before SARS-CoV-2 started making its way into people in 2019, there was already a project underway in the U.S. to create a vaccine for a looming coronavirus (we didn't!), but even that would not have been possible without the decades of vaccine and drug research that came before it, particularly for HIV. 

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we break down what limits on anesthesia could mean, both for doctors and patients. Then we hear from a listener who’s on a research trip in Puerto Rico and went kayaking in a bioluminescent bay. What is bioluminescence? And what are the perfect conditions to try to see it?

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Check out this Journey to the Microcosmos video, "The Algae That Saved an Astronaut's Life"

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The placenta is essential for life, but so much of its function is unknown. In this episode, we talk about how this disposable organ’s development within the early weeks of pregnancy shapes so much of what happens months later. We tackle what makes the human placenta so unique, what other animals like reptiles are teaching us about it, and how scientists are turning to evolution and computer models to see if we can better understand it.

Check out the IVF episode of Tiny Matters.

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we hear from a listener about her incredible grandma who’s a pharmacist in Venezuela (still, at 92 years old!) and has inspired her love of science and current lab work. We then talk about orcas spotted wearing dead salmon as hats, and what this fishy behavior may mean. 

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The reason many of us hear about glaciers has to do with sea level rise — which makes sense! If all of the glaciers on Earth melted, sea levels are predicted to increase by about 230 feet (70 meters), which would flood coastal areas, envelope a number of islands, and seriously impact human infrastructure, including our current water resources. But glaciers do more than safeguard Earth’s future — buried within them is our ancient past. In January of this year, a team of scientists drilled nearly 2 miles down into an Antarctic glacier. The 1.7 mile long cylinder of ice they pulled up, called an ice core, holds the equivalent of 1.2 million years of climate history. In this episode of Tiny Matters, we talk about what glaciers mean to us today, their importance for the future of our planet, and what they tell us about Earth’s ancient past.

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we talk about breathing in birds — how it takes two breath cycles for air to leave their bodies, and while it travels within their bodies, it's stored in various sacks, some of which are in their butts. Then we discuss how food waste contributes to approximately 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions every year, and what we can do to reduce it. 

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we discuss the differences between e-cigarettes (vapes) and far-less-studied dry herb vaporizers. Then we talk about some of the incredible evolutionary adaptations of populations of people living at high altitudes. 

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In the 1700s and early 1800s scientists from Europe and the Americas were studying what they called "race science," a pseudoscientific field of study promoting the idea that humans could be divided into separate and unequal races. Biases stemming from race science have influenced medicine for hundreds of years, and still have deadly consequences today. In this episode of Tiny Matters, we tackle some of these consequences, where they get their roots, and what people like our guest — physician and science communicator Joel Bervell — are doing to raise awareness and incite change.

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In this episode of Tiny Show and Tell Us, we discuss if a crocheted wasp nest could actually attract wasps and keep them from invading your property. Then we talk about how sewage is impacting the resilience of coral reefs.

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In the 1970s, the rape kit began as a simple box with some envelopes, a comb, nail clippers, and a few other basic tools. The contents of the kit have evolved somewhat since then, but the technology to analyze samples has evolved astronomically. And, through and through, the rape kit has stood for the idea that every survivor has the right to go to a hospital, get a full forensic exam, and have their evidence taken seriously. On today's episode, we talk about how the rape kit became a reality and the woman who championed the rape kit into the tool it is today. We also discuss what the future of the rape kit could look like, how the rape kit backlog has grown of out control in some states, and what activists are doing about it.

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