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Explore every episode of the podcast Threat Talks - Your Gateway to Cybersecurity Insights

Dive into the complete episode list for Threat Talks - Your Gateway to Cybersecurity Insights. Each episode is cataloged with detailed descriptions, making it easy to find and explore specific topics. Keep track of all episodes from your favorite podcast and never miss a moment of insightful content.

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TitlePub. DateDuration
Lapsus$:Teenagers Hacked Microsoft.22 Sep 202600:19:00

A group of teenagers walked into Microsoft, NVIDIA and Okta. No zero-days. No custom malware. No command and control infrastructure. They bought leaked credentials, or they called the service desk and asked for a password reset.

Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, sits down with threat researcher Yuri Wit and Field CTO Rob Maas to take Lapsus$ apart step by step: bought credentials, MFA fatigue, over-permissioned accounts, and the extortion payday at the end.

The uncomfortable part is not how clever the attack was. It is how basic it was. If your help desk resets passwords without proof of identity, if your MFA is a tap-to-approve prompt, if your users carry permissions from two jobs ago, Lapsus$ did not need to be good. They only needed to try.

Yuri and Rob also cover what actually stops this: password resets that require physical identification, hardware tokens for sensitive Protect Surfaces, privileged access management with a human in the loop, and why AI is both the fastest way to audit your permissions and the fastest way to recreate the same over-permissioning problem all over again.

Timestamps

00:00:00 Hacking the largest companies on earth is super easy 
00:01:19 Who Lapsus$ were, and why they are in jail 
00:02:25 Step one: bought credentials and a phone call to the service desk 
00:03:36 Password resets should be a hurdle, not a link 
00:06:16 Not all MFA is equal: push fatigue, SMS and SIM swapping 
00:09:03 Why your second factor does not belong in your password manager 
00:11:09 Inside the network: privilege escalation, exfiltration, extortion 
00:13:29 The fix: least privilege, PAM and a human in the loop 
00:16:05 AI as auditor, and the agentic over-permissioning problem

Key Topics Covered

  • How Lapsus$ obtained initial access without a single novel technique: dark web credentials and social engineering of the help desk
  • Why MFA type matters more than MFA presence, and where push approval, SMS and TOTP each break
  • Privilege escalation as the real bottleneck for attackers, and what least privilege plus PAM changes
  • Zero Trust Protect Surface thinking as the way to decide which control is appropriate for which data
  • The AI double edge: faster permission audits on one side, over-permissioned agent service accounts on the other
How a 19-Year-Old Hacked the NEWS Without Breaking In15 Sep 202600:21:17

Your Outlook account recovery will accept an authenticator code on its own. No password, no inbox, no phone number. 
Anyone holding that TOTP secret owns the account, and the second factor you bought to survive credential theft becomes the only thing in the way.

Koen Kandelaars found one sitting in a PDF on a public help page at the NOS, the largest news organization in the Netherlands. He scanned a QR code out of an onboarding manual and had a real employee's second factor on his phone. 

Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, walks the full chain with the attacker himself: eleven vulnerabilities in the first responsible disclosure, a twelfth Koen estimates at 1 to 5 million euros, and the recovery flow nobody tested.

Timestamps

  • (00:00) - MFA was on. He got in anyway.
  • (02:04) - Why the biggest news organization became the target
  • (03:24) - Mapping the attack surface before touching anything
  • (04:54) - Eleven findings in the first responsible disclosure
  • (08:50) - The Media Cloud help page and the live TOTP QR code
  • (11:19) - How the password reset removes your second factor
  • (14:29) - The 1 to 5 million euro estimate, and what to fix

Key Topics Covered

  • Attack surface discovery against a large public broadcaster
  • Responsible disclosure done well: response time, remediation, and recognition
  • Where the next generation of defenders comes from, and how they choose a side

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources:

Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams


The End of Reactive Security08 Sep 202600:12:39

You already had the threat intel. The IP was on your blocklist, the file hash was known bad. So why did your MDR only raise an alert instead of blocking it? Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, and colleague Nicholai Piagentini, Technical Enablement Engineer at ON2IT, make the case for preemptive cybersecurity: the shift from detect-and-clean-up to block-first, and what it means for the future of MDR.


Timestamps:

  • (00:00) - Preemptive cybersecurity: what it means for MDR
  • (00:59) - Why detect-and-clean-up is not enough (the leaking tap)
  • (01:42) - You knew the threat: block first
  • (03:34) - Fusing the SOC and operations teams
  • (05:57) - Speed, seconds, and AI versus AI
  • (08:15) - Data freedom and vendor lock-in
  • (10:33) - Dynamic policy without breaking change control

Key Topics Covered:

  • Preemptive cybersecurity as the Gartner-flagged direction, and why MDR has to move past detect-and-respond
  • Turning known indicators of compromise into automated blocks at the endpoint, network, and cloud
  • Collapsing the SOC and operational teams so detection and enforcement act as one
  • Sub-second response, AI-driven attacks, and why MTTD and MTTR need to converge
  • Data freedom and data sovereignty, and avoiding vendor cloud lock-in

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources:

Threat Talks website: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams 

NIST CSF 2.0: No CISO, No Excuse01 Sep 202600:23:23

The new NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 is out, and most teams still ask the same question: what do I do tomorrow? Lieuwe Jan Koning sits down with NIST's Amy Mahn and Daniel Elliott to turn the framework into a concrete next step. Governance is now its own function. Profiles tell you where you are and where you need to be. And the Quick Start Guides give a 15-page answer to a problem most people think needs 300 pages.

If you run security with limited resources, this episode shows you where to start and why the whole thing is free.

Timestamps

  • (00:00) - The framework changed. What do you do tomorrow?
  • (02:00) - Why Govern became its own function
  • (05:49) - Profiles: current state, target state, gap analysis
  • (08:08) - Community profiles: sharing across a sector
  • (10:29) - Quick Start Guides and mappings to ISO 27001, SOC 2, HIPAA
  • (14:24) - No CISO? Where small businesses start
  • (17:50) - The future of CSF and how to contribute

Key Topics Covered

  • Why governance moved out of "Identify" and became its own function in CSF 2.0, and what that signals about cyber risk at board level.
  • How organizational and community profiles turn the framework into a current-state, target-state, and gap analysis you can act on.
  • Why CSF 2.0 stopped being a single PDF and became guides, spreadsheets, mappings, and search tools.
  • How CSF maps to ISO 27001, SOC 2, and HIPAA so you report once instead of many times.
  • Where a small business or an IT manager wearing every hat should actually begin.

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources: 

NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0: https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework
NIST CSF Quick Start Guides: https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework/quick-start-guides
National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE): https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/
NIST CSF contact: csf@nist.gov
Threat Talks website: https://threat-talks.com/

Your SOC Won't Survive AI Attackers Without This Shift25 Aug 202600:28:15

Running a SOC was always hard. With AI in attackers' hands, hard becomes impossible, unless you change how you work. Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, on why detection and response no longer buys you time. Open-source AI now finds a way into a portal in about 15 minutes, no pentester required. The fix is preemptive cybersecurity: prevention first, automated countermeasures, and a zero trust culture that turns your SOC from analyst-driven to software-driven, with the analyst still in the driver's seat.

Timestamps: 

00:00:00 When hard becomes impossible 
00:01:37 The biggest change in SOC history 
00:05:16 What attackers can now do with AI 
00:08:13 Why patching can't be your core defense 
00:11:58 The analyst becomes the quality gate 
00:13:11 Preemptive cybersecurity, explained 
00:24:33 Advice for SOC managers

Shiny Hunters: One Name Behind a Dozen Mega-Breaches18 Aug 202600:14:44

Salesforce, Google, Okta, Louis Vuitton, Allianz, Odido: all breached under the same name. Shiny Hunters may not even be one group. It is a brand that different criminal crews borrow to extort their victims, because the reputation does half the work.


The uncomfortable part is how simple it is. No fancy malware, no zero-days. Almost every documented breach started with a phishing call to the help desk, over-permissive credentials, and data copied straight out of a SaaS platform. Host Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Field CTO Rob Maas and ON2IT researcher Yuri Witt to trace how these attacks land, why the attacker's name never matters to your defense, and the basic controls that stop them: multi-factor authentication, IP access control on your SaaS tenants, no over-permissive accounts, and deleting the toxic data you no longer need.


If you run SaaS at scale, treat this as a checklist for the controls most teams still have not switched on.


Charpters:

00:00:00 One name behind a dozen mega-breaches

00:01:06 Shiny Hunters: a group, or a brand?

00:04:16 The leak site: extortion as a marketplace

00:05:37 How they get in: phishing the help desk

00:07:54 Basic defenses: MFA, no admin rights, block downloads

00:09:36 Pay up or we leak: the Odido case

00:11:24 Lock down SaaS, delete toxic data, and Zero Trust

HackShield: Raising the Next Generation of Cyber Heroes11 Aug 202600:19:05

The hacker who will attack your organization in five years is in school right now, and nobody is teaching that kid what to do online. 

HackShield is trying to change that. Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Tim Murck, co-founder of HackShield, on why security awareness training for adults keeps failing, and what a game built for seven to twelve year olds can teach every CISO about human risk. 

If your plan is to train 2,000 people to never click the wrong link, this is the episode that explains why you have already lost, and what to do instead.

The Hacker Who'll Hit You in 5 Years Is in School04 Aug 202600:22:52

The hacker who will attack your organization in five years is in primary school right now, and nobody is teaching them anything. Tim Murck, Co-founder & Chief Product Officer at HackShield, joins Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, to explain how a game turns kids aged 7 to 12 into junior cyber agents instead of future attackers. 

The method is not fear. It is teaching kids to ask one question: how are they going to trick me?

🔗 Episode resources, transcript and show notes: https://threat-talks.com 
📝 Read the companion blog post: https://threat-talks.com/the-hacker-wholl-hit-you-in-5-years-is-in-school/
🎙️ Subscribe on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, links below.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. We delve deep into the dynamic world of cybersecurity, one episode at a time. New episode every Tuesday.

#ThreatTalks #ZeroTrust #cybersecurity #hackshield #securityawareness #cybereducation #kidsonlinesafety


Charpters:


00:00:00 The hacker who will attack you is in school now

00:00:27 From actor to HackShield: meet Tim Murck

00:02:00 The mission: digital scouting for kids 7 to 12

00:03:53 Junior cyber agents and the Dutch police

00:05:26 Inside the HackShield universe

00:10:02 Adversarial thinking and the grooming theme

00:13:35 Why age 7 to 12, and the school system's blind spot

00:14:53 Ban phones, or teach kids to swim?

00:18:42 The numbers: half a million Dutch kids, 850,000 worldwide

JADEPUFFER: The AI Malware With No Human in the loop28 Jul 202600:21:35

What if AI stopped being the assistant to cybercriminals and became the attacker itself? That's no longer hypothetical. JADEPUFFER is the first documented case of ransomware run entirely by an AI agent: it broke into a production database, hit a wall mid-attack, then found another way in within 31 seconds, faster than most human penetration testers can react. Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Yuri Wit, SOC DevOps Engineer at ON2IT, to trace how agentic malware evolved out of AI-assisted attacks into a threat that plans, executes, and pivots entirely on its own.

🔗 Episode resources, transcript and show notes: https://threat-talks.com 
📝 Read the companion blog post: 
🎙️ Subscribe on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, links below.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. We delve deep into the dynamic world of cybersecurity, one episode at a time. New episode every Tuesday.

#ThreatTalks #ZeroTrust #firewallsecurity  #NetworkSecurity #CyberSecurity #infosec 

Charpters: 
00:00:00 Cold open: can AI become the attacker?
00:01:42 PromptLock and PromptSteal: proof of concept to real world
00:04:24 The agentic malware trend and the local LLM question
00:07:24 JADEPUFFER: ransomware run entirely by an AI agent
00:09:58 Proof of concept, or a live-fire test?
00:11:30 Intent-driven attacks and shrinking detection windows
00:16:34 Zero Trust: what to do about it starting now


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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Four Firewall Mistakes Still Wrecking Networks in 202621 Jul 202600:14:23

Three out of four firewall rule sets ON2IT’s SOC inherits from new customers share the same blind spots, and none of the fixes cost extra licensing.

In this episode, Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Jelle Konings, security optimization specialist in ON2IT’s Security Operations Center, to walk through the mistakes his team finds on almost every inherited network: no logging enabled, no identity tied to traffic, no default deny rule at the bottom of the rule base, and port-based rules standing in for real application control. Most environments he inherits sit around 30 to 40 percent application-based policy coverage against a 60 to 80 percent target.

You will hear what to check first when you inherit a firewall, how long a realistic clean-up takes (weeks, months, sometimes over a year), and why an encrypted VPN tunnel riding on port 443 can move data out the door without a single alert firing.


🔗 Episode resources, transcript and show notes: https://threat-talks.com 
📝 Read the companion blog post: https://threat-talks.com/blog/four-firewall-mistakes-still-wrecking-networks-in-2026/
🎙️ Subscribe on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, links below.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. We delve deep into the dynamic world of cybersecurity, one episode at a time. New episode every Tuesday.

#ThreatTalks #ZeroTrust #FirewallSecurity #NetworkSecurity #CyberSecurity #InfoSec

Chapters: 

00:00 Cold open: the top firewall mistakes of 2025
00:21 Meet Jelle Konings, security optimization specialist
01:16 Mistake 1: No visibility into your network
03:36 Mistake 2: Skipping User-ID mapping
06:01 Mistake 3: No default deny rule
07:44 Fixing it: from logs to default deny
09:09 Bonus mistake: port-based vs. application-based rules
13:20 Will 2026 be any different?

Would Your Boss Read Your Prompts? Private AI, Explained14 Jul 202600:19:34

Would you still use ChatGPT if your boss, or the AI provider, could read every single prompt you typed in? Most of us type something we would never share publicly into an AI tool every day.

In this Threat Talks Deep Dive, Field CTO Rob Maas sits down with ON2IT senior developer Derk Bell to unpack the privacy problem hiding inside everyday AI use, and a genuinely clever way to solve it.

The problem is bigger than a single prompt. An AI request carries far more context than a Google search: your conversation history, your files, and (with agents and MCP) automatic, autonomous access to your CRM, your email, your calendar and your codebase. A lot of that data is shipped off to a remote provider, often without you realizing it. Today we just trust those providers not to misuse it. As Derk points out, “trust us” is the exact opposite of Zero Trust: never trust, always verify.

So how do you verify? Derk walks through Confer, the privacy-first AI service from Signal Protocol co-creator Moxie Marlinspike. Using the analogy of a tamper-proof, locked calculator box for an “anonymous” employee survey, he explains how Confer lets you actually check the wiring: a hardware Trusted Execution Environment that isolates and encrypts the running program, remote attestation that lets you verify the exact open-source code handling your prompt, a Signal-style encrypted channel to talk to it, and hardware-bound keys that are thrown away the moment your session ends, so even the operator can never read your data.

We close on who needs this most (developers protecting trade secrets, executives working on M&A or strategy, and anyone bound by GDPR) and whether the big AI labs will adopt this the way the whole industry adopted Signal.

The takeaway: privacy and powerful AI do not have to be a trade-off. “Trust us” was never a security strategy.

🔗 Episode resources, transcript and show notes: https://threat-talks.com
📊 Grab the infographic referenced in the episode in the show notes to follow the technical steps. 
🎙️ Subscribe to the podcast on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or your podcast app of choice.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. We delve deep into the dynamic world of cybersecurity, one episode at a time. New episode every Tuesday.


Chapters:
00:00 Would you still use ChatGPT if your boss read every prompt?
01:00 Why AI is different from a Google search: context
02:08 "Trust us" and why that is the opposite of Zero Trust
03:22 It gets worse: AI agents, MCP and autonomous access
05:52 Enter Moxie Marlinspike, Signal, and Confer
06:30 The analogy: an "anonymous" employee survey in a locked box
10:16 Inside Confer: the TEE, attestation and the encrypted channel
14:21 End the session, throw away the keys
16:08 Who needs this? Developers, executives, GDPR-bound teams
18:29 Wrap-up: privacy and powerful AI can coexist

Framework Fatigue: Why NIST Rebuilt the Cybersecurity Framework07 Jul 202600:28:02

Ten years after its first release, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework got a full rebuild. Not because it failed, but because everyone started using it, and it was never built for everyone.

In this episode, host Lieuwe Jan Koning talks with Amy Mahn, IT Standards Advisor at NIST, and Daniel Eliot, Lead for Small Business Engagement at NIST’s Applied Cybersecurity Division, about what CSF 2.0 actually changes and why it took a multi-year public process to get there.

The original framework was written with critical infrastructure operators in mind. A decade later, hospitals, school districts, and small businesses were all using it too, often without the staff or budget the framework quietly assumed they had. NIST collected more than 4,000 comments from organizations across over 100 countries to find out what was missing.

The result includes a new Govern function that puts cybersecurity risk decisions in front of leadership and the board, a deliberately technology agnostic and vendor agnostic design that keeps the framework useful no matter which tools an organization runs, a Quick Start Guide aimed at organizations without a dedicated security team, and a sharper focus on supply chain risk.

Amy and Daniel also explain why “vendor agnostic” is a feature, not a gap: it’s what lets an organization decide for itself who or what is best suited to close a given risk, instead of a framework quietly picking winners.

Part 2, “CSF 2.0: Beyond the Framework,” continues the conversation and covers implementation in practice.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. New episode every Tuesday. Follow Threat Talks to stay up to date on the topic of cybersecurity.

Chapters:
00:00 Framework fatigue, the problem NIST heard
01:12 Welcome to Threat Talks
02:05 Meet Amy Mahn and Daniel Eliot (NIST)
03:40 What the original CSF got right, and where it broke down
07:15 Four thousand comments, one framework
10:30 The new Govern function
14:05 Why CSF 2.0 is technology agnostic and vendor agnostic
17:20 The Quick Start Guide for teams without a security team
20:10 Supply chain risk gets its own seat at the table
22:45 What Part 2 will cover
24:48 Closing thoughts

Why Do You Trust Your AI Agent?30 Jun 202600:24:23

Agentic AI is powerful, and someone recently found that out the hard way when an AI tool, given free rein with a user’s own permissions, deleted her entire mailbox. That cautionary tale opens this Threat Talks Deep Dive, where host Lieuwe Jan Koning talks with Rob Maas, Field CTO of ON2IT, about what Zero Trust looks like when the thing you’re securing is an AI agent.

Drawing on Rob’s recent blog post (and the Zero Trust pillars shared by CISA and Forrester’s Zero Trust eXtended framework), they work through each pillar in turn. The recurring theme is “just-in-case” privileges: the broad access we hand humans on the assumption they’ll use judgment. Agents have no such judgment. Give one an intent and it will use everything it has to reach the goal, and it can spin up parallel instances to get there faster.

Across Identity, Devices, Network, Applications & Workloads, and Data, Rob makes the case for:

  • Non-human identities with just-in-time, quickly-rotated privileges, so a leaked token can’t be reused forever.
  • Tightly constrained execution environments (VM, container, serverless) that only touch what the agent truly needs.
  • Identity-based network segmentation, so an agent working with CRM data can never reach the financial system.
  • Allow-listed MCP tooling, because tool sprawl is the new shadow IT.
  • New data controls for a world where everything (prompts, retrieval, documents) is data flowing to and from a model.

He’s candid about the gaps, too: there’s no generic “AI firewall” yet, prompt injection has no guaranteed fix, and the hardest control points now live in the details of how individual developers configure their tools. The optimistic note: because agent-to-model and agent-to-agent calls can be logged, you can actually see what an agent is doing, an advantage over the opacity of the human mind. The episode closes on what’s still missing and a clear first step for any organization: get an overview of every agent and MCP server in use, and the access each one has.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. New episode every Tuesday. Follow Threat Talks to stay up to date on the topic of cybersecurity.

Mythos is not the AI Apocalypse23 Jun 202600:22:05

Mythos found a 23-year-old vulnerability in FreeBSD that no human team had caught. Your 30-day patch cycle assumes years before it gets weaponized. Today that window is one day. Next year it will be one hour.

Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, to break down what Anthropic's Mythos actually found, why the public release (Fable) still frustrates security professionals, and whether the FABLE framework gives defenders a realistic path forward.

Rob's verdict: there is truth in what Anthropic claims. It is not as catastrophic as the marketing suggests. But if your fundamentals are not in place, the time to fix that is now.

00:00:00 Introduction
00:00:46 What is Mythos? From Project Glasswing to Fable
00:03:13 What Mythos actually found: FreeBSD, Palo Alto, real patches
00:05:57 The zero-day clock: from years to one hour
00:09:00 The FABLE framework and the CSA "Mythos Ready" paper
00:15:24 Authentication, segmentation, and egress filtering
00:20:51 Myth or reality: Rob's verdict

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

What about Iran? One Word Document, Three Backdoors16 Jun 202600:22:14

Every big nation state has a cyber army: China, Russia, the US, Europe. But what about Iran? Meet Boggy Serpens, a group tied to Iran’s civilian intelligence service whose entire business is breaking in and staying in, then handing the keys to whoever strikes next. 
Their playbook, Operation OLALAMPO, needs just one booby-trapped Word document to plant three separate backdoors on your network.

  • A Telegram-bot command channel that hides inside everyday encrypted chat traffic, a Rust “Ghost” backdoor built to defeat analysis, and a legitimate AnyDesk install quietly turned against you.
  • The layered defense for every stage: email and file controls, behavioral EDR, egress policy, threat intel, and Zero Trust segmentation.
  • The twist: why this operation mostly failed, plus the tells that the malware was partly written with AI.

Filmed live at the ON2IT SOC, host Lieuwe Jan Koning runs a red team vs blue team session with analysts Yuri Wit, the “proxy Iranian” attacker, and Rob Maas on defense. Watch the full episode to see each move, and the exact control that stops it.

🔗 Episode resources, transcript and show notes: https://threat-talks.com 🎙️ Subscribe to the podcast on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or your podcast app of choice.

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT cybersecurity and AMS-IX. We delve deep into the dynamic world of cybersecurity, one episode at a time. New episode every Tuesday.

Chapters (paste into YouTube description)

00:00 Every nation state has a cyber army: what about Iran?
00:21 Meet the guests: Yuri (red team) and Rob (blue team)
01:17 Boggy Serpens and Operation OLALAMPO: Iran's access brokers
04:20 Infection via Office macros, and the social-engineering layer
07:18 You opened the document: three payloads
08:06 Backdoor 1: Telegram-bot command and control
12:55 Backdoor 2: the Rust "Ghost" backdoor, and why it's so hard to analyze
16:03 Backdoor 3: legitimate AnyDesk, pre-loaded for the attacker
17:59 Zero Trust and network segmentation
18:59 Did it work? AI tells, and staying vigilant

Europe Is Losing the Sea Cable Race09 Jun 202600:35:10

In 2026, 40 new submarine cables go live. Most won't land in Europe. Europe is losing the sea cable race, and most people haven't noticed yet.

In this second part of our sea cables conversation, host Peter Ernst sits down with Ernst Noorman, the Netherlands' Cyber Ambassador-at-Large and a member of the ITU Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience, to move from the “how” of sea cables to the “why it matters.”

We compare two places that were once called the two hardest spots in the world to build digital infrastructure, Amsterdam and Singapore, and unpack how Singapore solved its crunch with 32 cable landings, five years of zero cable faults, and a green-energy-first tender process, while the Netherlands risks resting on a 30-year-old head start.

Along the way: the difference between sovereignty and autonomy, why “always the cheapest option” no longer works, the EU Cyber Resilience Act and security by design, what NIS2 means for boards and CEOs personally, and why Europe needs to stop being modest about Airbus-sized wins.

Chapters

00:00 — 40 new cables, most skip Europe
00:30 — Meet Ernst Noorman & the ITU advisory body
02:00 — The sea cable map is being redrawn
04:08 — Why the Netherlands risks losing its head start
06:26 — How Singapore solved it: 32 landings, zero faults
08:09 — Tax cuts for digital, would Europe ever?
08:59 — Sovereignty vs autonomy: it's about choice
15:02 — You can't own the whole stack (ASML, Nokia, Ericsson)
15:53 — Why “always the cheapest” stops working
17:47 — The Cyber Resilience Act & security by design
18:51 — The water-from-the-tap analogy
19:51 — What boards and CEOs must actually ask
25:30 — Back to Singapore: government-led, by design
29:39 — The good news: Europe's real strengths
36:15 — What needs to happen in the next 3–5 years

Threat Talks is a podcast by ON2IT and AMS-IX. Subscribe for more on Zero Trust, cyber resilience, and the infrastructure behind the internet.

Russia Cutting Cables?02 Jun 202600:32:30

The headlines say Russia’s shadow fleet is cutting cables. The experts say most faults come from clumsy ship anchors. Ninety-nine percent of global internet traffic runs across the ocean floor, and the conversation about what threatens it is mostly wrong.

In this episode of Threat Talks, Peter van Burgel, CEO of AMS-IX, sits down with Ernst Noorman, Cyber Ambassador at Large for the Netherlands and member of the ITU Advisory Board on Submarine Cable Resilience, to separate geopolitical noise from engineering reality, and explain what actually puts global internet connectivity at risk.

Timestamps

00:00:00 Introduction
 00:00:55 The ITU Advisory Board on Submarine Cable Resilience
 00:05:04 Shadow Fleets, Geopolitics, and the Sabotage Myth
 00:10:30 Shunts, Faults, and What Actually Breaks Cables
 00:15:47 Why Satellite Cannot Replace Submarine Cables
 00:17:06 Digital Sovereignty and the Big Tech Cable Takeover
 00:28:16 What Every CEO Should Put on the Agenda

Key Topics Covered

•             Why most submarine cable faults come from anchors, fishing nets, and natural events, not state actors

•             How aging repair ships and bureaucratic permitting barriers make restoration slow in most of the world

•             Why satellite (including Starlink) cannot replace subsea fiber at any meaningful scale

•             How big tech dominance over new cable investment creates digital sovereignty risks for governments and large organizations

•             What NIS2 means for CEO accountability on digital infrastructure resilience

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources

ITU Advisory Board on Submarine Cable Resilience: https://www.itu.int/digital-resilience/submarine-cables/advisory-body/
ICPC (International Cable Protection Committee): https://www.iscpc.org
Dutch Cybersecurity Council / CEO manual on NIS2: https://www.cybersecuritycouncil.nl
Dutch Cybersecurity Act (NIS2 implementation): https://www.dutchncca.nl/the-cybersecurity-act

Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/russia-cutting-cables-whos-protecting-it/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

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Hero Culture and a $1 Million Mistake26 May 202600:20:03

A company skips a security check two days before Black Friday and loses $1 million when transactions land in the wrong bank accounts. A machine learning team is told no on production data access, gets it via SharePoint anyway, and a year later the data is on contractor laptops nobody can account for. 

Two stories, one pattern: when security blocks, the risky work doesn’t stop – it just happens without you.

Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, sits down with Sina Yazdanmehr, Founder and Managing Director of Aplite GmbH, on the prevention paradox, why a “no” from the CISO is an illusion of control, and how a technical security team turns into a business partner instead of a roadblock. 

Timestamps

00:00:00 Introduction
 00:01:55 The $1 million Black Friday story
 00:04:14 Hero culture rewards shipping, not prevention
 00:06:55 The prevention paradox
 00:08:00 NIS2 and executive accountability
 00:09:00 Avoiding the Department of No
 00:12:18 Production data on contractor laptops
 00:16:13 The technical CISO as business partner


Key Topics Covered

  • Why hero culture quietly trains organizations to bypass security under deadline pressure
  • The prevention paradox: why the person who avoids a loss never gets the credit
  • What happens after a CISO says no: shadow workflows, friendly handovers, and data on laptops nobody owns
  • What a counter-proposal in risk-based language gets you that a flat refusal does not


Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world's most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.
 
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 ► YOUTUBE:    / @threattalks
 ► SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/1SXUyUE...
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When Compliance Replaces Security19 May 202600:23:27

A SaaS company buys enterprise ChatGPT for 800 staff and strangely only uses 30 seats. A corporate signs annual risk exemptions for five years until the exception list itself is mistaken for a working security process. Same root cause, two symptoms.

Compliance is not security. Security culture is company culture. If your employees do not trust their managers, no policy you write will save you.

Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, sits down with Sina Yazdanmehr, Founder and Managing Director of Aplite GmbH, on why security policy depends on trust, why a signed risk acceptance is a legal act, and what a leadership cadence on security communication actually looks like.

Timestamps

00:00:00 Introduction
00:02:20 When risk exceptions become culture
00:07:50 Turning a five-year exemption list around
00:09:07 Working with auditors instead of around them
00:13:14 The trust gap: enterprise tools and personal accounts
00:19:27 Security culture is company culture
00:22:21 Wrap and what is next

Key Topics Covered

  • Why employee trust in management determines whether any security policy lands
  • How sanctioned enterprise tools, AI included, quietly fail when context and trust are missing
  • The legal weight of a signed risk acceptance, and why most managers treat it as paperwork
  • What a working leadership cadence on security communication actually looks like

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world's most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.
 
 👕 Receive your Threat Talks T-shirt
 https://threat-talks.com/
 
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 https://threat-talks.com
 
 🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX


The Agent Problem12 May 202600:21:27

Your AI agents are users now. They have your permissions. They read your email. They send messages. And they act on instructions that anyone with an internet connection can drop into your inbox.

In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, sits down with Jack Cable, CEO and Co-founder of Corridor and former lead of Secure by Design at CISA, to walk through the “lethal triangle” (the three conditions that turn helpful AI into a breach vector) and what CISOs should be doing right now, before the technology runs further ahead of the controls.


Timestamps

00:00 – 01:36 Cold Open: The User Inside Your Software
 01:36 – 04:23 What Agentic AI Actually Is
 04:23 – 07:20 The Lethal Triangle: Three Conditions for a Breach
 07:20 – 10:05 Why Prompt Injection Has No Fix Today
 10:05 – 14:09 Sanctioning Agents Without “Allow Fatigue”
 14:09 – 18:45 OpenClaw: Should Your CISO Authorize It?
 18:45 – 21:17 Sandboxing, Sub-Agents, and What to Do Right Now


Key Topics Covered

  • The “lethal triangle” – sensitive access, untrusted input, and the ability to take unapproved actions – and why every basic email agent already breaks all three rules
  • Why prompt injection cannot be reliably solved by another LLM, and why deterministic guardrails (sandboxing, allow-lists, human-in-the-loop) are the only durable answer today
  • Why “allow, allow, allow” fatigue makes per-action approvals largely theatrical, and why routing approvals through a separate model is a real, if partial, improvement
  • Why Jack Cable’s CISO answer on OpenClaw and similar general-purpose agents today is short: don’t authorize (and what to deploy in its place)
Your Sales Team is now a Developer05 May 202600:33:10

The biggest security threat in your organization right now? Your sales team.

AI coding tools have crossed into every department, and most organizations have no idea what's being built or deployed in their name.

In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, sits down with Jack Cable, CEO and Co-founder of Corridor and former lead of Secure by Design at CISA to talk about why the answer isn’t to block innovation.


What's in this episode for you:

  • The non-engineer coding problem. AI coding agents have put software creation in the hands of anyone with a laptop, and the security implications are only starting to land.
  • Why blocking doesn't work. Teams self-provision anyway, individual accounts, zero visibility. Shadow vibe coding is far worse than sanctioned use, and organizations that block fall behind.
  • How to actually solve it. Platform-level mitigations that prevent known vulnerability classes regardless of who wrote the code: standard auth libraries, dependency management, MFA on anything externally deployed.

Timestamps

00:00 – Introduction 
01:41 – Where It All Started: Hacking the Air Force at 18 
06:25 – What Jack Found: 350 Vulnerabilities Across Google, Facebook and the DoD 
12:24 – How AI Coding Agents Changed Software Development 
17:04 – How Secure Is the Code That AI Coding Agents Write 
28:53 – What CISOs Need to Know About Agentic AI Security 
31:50 – Next Week and Wrap-Up


Key topics covered

  • How software development has changed with the arrival of AI coding agents
  • Why sanctioned AI coding use requires visibility into tools, licenses, and configurations
  • What the right guardrails look like for engineering teams vs. non-technical teams

Resources

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

The Hidden Risk of Your Infrastructure28 Apr 202600:26:42

Volt Typhoon spent years pre-positioning inside US critical infrastructure. Salt Typhoon pulled off one of the largest espionage campaigns in history. They didn't break in. They were already there.

So what do you actually do about it?

Caitlin Clarke, Senior Director of Cybersecurity Services at Venable and former Special Assistant to the President for Cybersecurity and Emerging Technology, joins Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, to work through the practical steps security leaders should be taking right now, before the regulatory guidance catches up with the threat.

 

What's in this episode for you:

 

  • A clearer view of what's actually in your stack. Hardware is the easy part. Software updates, open source libraries, AI-generated code, outsourced R&D — any of it could be adversarial, and most teams have never asked.
  • A practical way to map your supply chain before you have to. Fourth party. Nth party. Vendor exit strategies baked into business continuity. Procurement and security in the same room before the purchase, not after the incident.

A framing that goes beyond the technical. Insider risk. IP theft. Economic espionage. Nation state actors target people and research, not just networks — and that's the gap most organizations leave wide open.


 Timestamps

00:00 – Introduction: Critical Infrastructure and the Nation State Threat

01:45 – Volt Typhoon, Salt Typhoon and Why CISOs Need to Think Differently

03:21 – What Is Actually in Your Stack: Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Beyond Hardware

09:32 – Mapping Your Supply Chain Including Your Supplier's Suppliers

16:34 – Software, Open Source and AI: The Layers of Risk Most Organizations Have Not Mapped

21:59 – Insider Risk, IP Theft and Economic Security + Wrap Up

 

Key Topics Covered

  • Why cost-driven procurement decisions create long-term security exposure
  • How to map your supply chain including your supplier's suppliers
  • What the Huawei rip-and-replace experience tells us about waiting too long
  • How software, open source and AI-generated code extend the risk beyond hardware
  • Why insider risk and IP theft belong in the same conversation as supply chain security

 

Resources


 Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

 

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► YOUTUBE:    / @threattalks  

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

America Just Changed the Rules of Cyber War21 Apr 202600:26:42

If you're waiting for the executive orders to act, you're already behind. 

 

The U.S. has just released a new national cyber strategy.

The core message is clear: stop waiting to be hit, and start making it costly to try.

 

In this episode of Threat Talks, Caitlin Clarke, Senior Director of Cybersecurity Services at Venable and former Special Assistant to the President for Cybersecurity & Emerging Technology, join Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity to break down what the strategy actually says, and what it means for your organization.

 

The direction is clear. The details are still coming. 

But the clock is already running.

 

This episode helps you stay ahead with three clear pillars of the strategy:

  • Pillar 1: Shaping adversary behavior – making it harder, costly and risky to target US and allied interests. 
  • Pillar 2: Regulatory simplification – deregulation, or simply harmonizing cyber incident reporting requirements
  • Pillar 4: Securing critical infrastructure – your stack may already contain foreign technology that can be labelled as ‘adversarial’ 

 

Spoiler alert: if you haven't started your Zero Trust and post-quantum cryptography roadmaps yet, the new strategy has a message for you too.

 

Timestamps

00:00 – America's New Cyber Strategy: First Impressions 

01:28 – What the US National Cyber Strategy Is Really Saying 

02:52 – Pillar 1: Shaping Adversary Behavior and Cyber Deterrence 

10:28 – Pillar 4: Securing Critical Infrastructure and Adversary Technology 

18:07 – Pillar 2: Harmonizing Cyber Incident Reporting Requirements 

22:17 – What CISOs Should Do Now: Supply Chain, Zero Trust and Post-Quantum Cryptography 

27:11 – Wrap up

 

Key Topics Covered

  • What the US national cyber strategy means for security leaders 
  • How cyber deterrence is shifting beyond pure defense 
  • Why supply chain risk is now a board-level issue 
  • What regulatory simplification means for cyber incident reporting requirements 
  • Where Zero Trust and post-quantum cryptography fit in

 

Resources

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

The EU is forcing the conversation14 Apr 202600:33:44

We always worried about lock-in. 

But the real risk is getting locked out – of your cloud.

Your data may sit in Europe.

Your systems may run on trusted platforms.

But if access is restricted tomorrow – by a provider, a government, or a legal decision - what actually happens?


Can you still operate?

In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning (co-founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity) speaks with Lokke Moerel (Professor of Global ICT Law at Tilburg University and leading expert in EU cybersecurity regulation) to break down what data sovereignty really means- beyond the illusion of control.

Because sovereignty doesn’t fail where you think it does.

It breaks in four places:

  • Storage - where your data lives
  • Access - who can reach it (and revoke it)
  • Operations - whether you can keep running without your provider
  • Jurisdiction - which laws override your control

Most organizations only solve the first - and that’s where the real risk starts: dependency on providers you don’t control.

As cloud and AI deepen that dependency, the question isn’t where your data sits, but who decides what happens to it tomorrow.

From sovereign cloud initiatives to European AI models like GPT-NL, this episode explores how regions are trying to regain control, and why relying entirely on big tech may not be sustainable.

 

Key Topics Covered

  • What data sovereignty really means beyond data location 
  • How dependency on cloud providers impacts AI data governance 
  • Why jurisdiction, access, and control matter more than compliance 
  • What organizations must do to regain control over data and infrastructure

Resources

  • Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/ 
  • ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/ 
  • AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams    

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

 

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Europe vs China vs US: Who Controls Your Tech?07 Apr 202600:33:02

You don’t control the technology your business runs on.

That’s an uncomfortable reality.

 

But the truth is: your infrastructure runs on foreign technology.
Your data depends on external suppliers.

And if they fail – you feel it.


The EU has decided to step in. 

 
In this episode of Threat Talks, Lokke Moerel (Professor of Global ICT Law at Tilburg University and leading expert in EU cybersecurity regulation) breaks down how Europe’s new cybersecurity package is reshaping supply chain security.

 

Because this is not just about audits.

 

From Chinese components embedded in infrastructure to US-controlled cloud services, organizations are relying on suppliers that sit outside their control. And that creates a different kind of risk. Not just technical – but strategic.
 
The EU is now responding with a structural shift:

  • One certification approach across Europe 
  • Clearer rules for suppliers in critical functions 
  • Separation of technical security and geopolitical risk 

This changes how supply chain security works.

For CISOs and security leaders, the message is clear:
If your cybersecurity risk mitigation strategies don’t account for dependency on external suppliers, you’re exposed.

 

Timestamps

00:00 – Your Vendor Passed the Audit—Why You’re Still Exposed
01:32 – The EU Cybersecurity Landscape: What’s Changing Now
04:06 – The Supply Chain Problem: Why Current Cybersecurity Risk Mitigation Strategies Fail
08:39 – What This Means: New Rules for Critical Suppliers and Infrastructure
17:13 – What Organizations Must Do Now to Strengthen Cybersecurity Risk Mitigation Strategies
20:34 – Geopolitics vs Security: Will Certain Suppliers Be Restricted?
25:07 – Innovation vs Regulation: Are We Heading for a Two-Speed Market?
28:36 – Practical Next Steps: How to Prepare Your Supply Chain Today
29:27 – Key Takeaways and Final Thoughts

 

Key Topics Covered

  • Why dependency on China and the US creates new supply chain risk 
  • How the EU cybersecurity package reshapes supplier accountability 
  • Why security and geopolitics are now treated separately 
  • What organizations must do to strengthen cybersecurity risk mitigation strategies

Resources


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 === 


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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Breached OT Kills. Zero Trust 2.0 Doesn’t31 Mar 202600:16:51

Not long ago, OT environments were isolated islands.

Control systems ran independently, accessible only through dedicated workstations requiring physical presence. The factory floor and the IT department might as well have been on different planets.

 

That world is gone. 

 

Today’s OT environments are connected. Remote access from IT workspaces to control systems is routine. 

 

And this is just the start. 

And it changes everything about how to secure them.

In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning and Rob Maas break down what happens when OT vs IT security models collide – and why IT/OT convergence is forcing organizations to rethink how they protect industrial environments.

Patching is difficult, availability is critical, and legacy models like the Purdue model leave gaps attackers can move through.

So, what does work?
Zero Trust.


If your organization relies on industrial systems, this is the shift you need to understand.

 

Timestamps

00:00 – OT vs IT Security Introduction and Key Differences

00:57 – IT OT Convergence Is Changing OT Security

04:49 – What OT vs IT Security Looks Like in Practice

10:13 – Why IT and OT Teams Struggle to Communicate

12:18 – How Zero Trust Applies to OT Environments

14:21 – How to Secure OT with Zero Trust and IT OT Convergence

 

Key Topics Covered

  • How OT vs IT security requires a different approach in practice
  • Why IT OT convergence is increasing risk across factory environments
  • How limitations like patching and availability shape OT security decisions
  • How Zero Trust segmentation can reduce risk without disrupting operations

Resources

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 === 


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React2Shell Explained24 Mar 202600:14:48

Log4j caught everyone off guard.

 React2Shell might be doing the same right now.

Across thousands of React apps, exposure is already baked in - accelerated by vibe coding and shipped without scrutiny.

In some cases, one request is all it takes.


React2Shell turns that exposure into remote code execution in React and Next.js environments -triggered by a single HTTP POST request.

In this episode of Threat Talks, host Rob Maas and SOC analyst Yuri Wit break down how React2Shell works, why it’s more serious than it looks, and what makes it so easy to exploit.

The risk is significant, and what makes it worse is how little attention it’s getting.

As developers increasingly rely on AI-generated code, applications are being shipped faster - but not always with full visibility into how components behave. That creates blind spots attackers can take advantage of, especially when serialization and deserialization flaws are involved.

We cover how React2Shell works, how attackers exploit serialization and deserialization flaws, and what actions you need to take now to reduce risk.

If your organization runs React or Next.js applications, assume exposure until proven otherwise - especially if this hasn’t been on your radar yet.

React2Shell isn’t making Log4j headlines.

That doesn’t mean the risk is smaller.

Timestamps

00:00 – React2Shell Introduction and Log4j Comparison

00:28 – What Is React and How Vibe Coding Introduces Security Risks

02:48 – How the React2Shell Vulnerability Enables Remote Code Execution

05:49 – How Attackers Exploit React2Shell with a Single POST Request

07:28 – Impact of React2Shell RCE on Server Privileges and Access

08:18 – How to Mitigate React2Shell and the Next.js Vulnerability

11:18 – Incident Response for React2Shell Exploitation

13:25 – Ongoing React2Shell Risk and Why Many Apps Remain Vulnerable

 

Key Topics Covered

  • How the React2Shell and Next.js vulnerability expands the attack surface across modern web applications
  • Why vibe coding security risks are accelerating exposure without developers realizing it
  • Practical mitigation: patching, EDR detection, WAF limitations, and reducing attack surface

Resources

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

 

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 === 


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Zero Trust in the AI Era17 Mar 202600:22:54

AI can fake your voice.
Deepfakes can move millions of dollars in minutes.
And attackers no longer need to break trust - they can simulate it.

Security teams are entering an era where nothing can be trusted at face value.


In part two of our Zero Trust series with Dr. Zero Trust, Chase Cunningham, he and Lieuwe Jan Koning (Co-Founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity) explore what the future of Zero Trust looks like in an AI-driven world. 

How do you verify identity when voices and faces can be faked?
How do organizations defend against scams that scale to millions of targets?
And what happens when AI starts attacking AI?

They discuss real-world examples including deepfake fraud, “cyber-kidnapping” scams, prompt injection attacks, and the growing role of AI policy engines in defending modern systems.

One key takeaway: AI is accelerating a global trust crisis.

And this is what makes Zero Trust matters more than ever.

Simple Zero Trust principles like verification, passphrases, strict payment procedures, and continuous validation become essential safeguards for every organization.

Because in an environment where anything can be simulated, trust must always be verified.

Missed part one?
Watch “From Revolution to Reality”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6reox4sqaUc&t

Timestamps

00:00 - Introduction: AI Security Threats and the Future of Zero Trust
01:07 - How Long Will Zero Trust Last? The Future of Zero Trust Strategy
01:54 - The Future of Zero Trust in an AI-Driven World
04:24 - Deepfakes, Fraud, and the Zero Trust Response to AI Security Threats
16:10 - AI Security Threats: Prompt Injection, AI Agents, and the Next Arms Race
21:55 - Final Thoughts on AI Security Threats and the Future of Zero Trust

 

Key Topics Covered

  • How AI security threats like deepfakes are changing identity verification
  • Why the future of Zero Trust depends on continuous verification
  • How AI-driven attacks scale fraud and social engineering
  • Why AI policy engines may become the next defensive layer in cybersecurity

Resources


Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

 

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 === 


► YOUTUBE:    / @threattalks  

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Zero Trust: From Revolution to Reality10 Mar 202600:20:21

Zero Trust is easy to say. Hard to execute.

Most organizations try to build it themselves.

Most underestimate the complexity.
Most get stuck in architecture diagrams instead of protecting what actually matters: data.


If execution determines success – should you really be doing it alone?


In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-Founder and CTO at ON2IT Cybersecurity, sits down with Dr. Chase Cunningham, architect of the Zero Trust Extended (ZTX) framework, to break down what Zero Trust really requires in practice – not in theory.

Zero Trust isn’t a product. It’s not a checkbox.

It’s a decision about what you protect first – and how seriously you take execution.

If your job is to protect critical data without drowning in complexity, this episode will recalibrate your approach.


Because in the end, Zero Trust doesn’t fail on strategy.
It fails on execution.

Timestamps

00:00 – Introduction to Zero Trust Data Protection

00:50 – How Zero Trust Started at Forrester

03:19 – The ZTX Framework and Structuring Zero Trust

05:05 – Data at the Core of Zero Trust Data Protection

08:22 – Success Factors for Effective Zero Trust Data Protection

13:06 – Why Most Organizations Should Not DIY Zero Trust

15:36 – Breaches, Misconfiguration, and Market Reality

18:07 – How COVID Accelerated Zero Trust Adoption

19:25 – Closing Thoughts on Zero Trust Fundamentals

 

Key Topics Covered

  • Where Zero Trust actually started – and how it evolved beyond network segmentation
  • The shift from perimeter thinking to data-first protection
  • Why most internal Zero Trust programs stall
  • The operational discipline required to make Zero Trust work

Resources


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China is Already Inside your infrastructure03 Mar 202600:29:45

China is Already Inside your infrastructure. 

And the EU is done ignoring it.

In this exclusive first discussion of the upcoming EU Cybersecurity Act revision, Bart Groothuis, MEP, joins Lieuwe-Jan Koning, CTO and Co-Founder, to explain why vendor dependency is now a board-level security risk.

Groothuis breaks down how the revised EU Cybersecurity Act will shift Europe from soft guidance to hard enforcement - introducing formal “high-risk vendor” treatment inside critical infrastructure.

This isn’t about secret backdoors.

It’s about who controls the next update.
Who enters your data center.
And who can one day - switch off the grid.

The revision brings non-technical risk - state influence, intelligence laws, geopolitical leverage - directly into cyber certification decisions. That means supply chain risk is no longer theoretical. It’s regulatory.


And the impact goes far beyond telecom.
Energy. Cloud. Transport. Enterprise IT.

If your infrastructure depends on a vendor tied to a high-risk state, this conversation matters.

Timestamps
00:00 Opening & guest intro: MEP Bart Roos - rapporteur on EU legislation
01:23 What the CSA revision targets - certification, telecoms, cloud
09:11 Non-technical risk: intelligence laws, vendor-state ties, 5G implications
15:10 What’s new in the Security Act Revision, 4G vs 5G - why virtualisation changes the security model

17:17 Energy, inverters, and real-world dependency risks - blackouts
21:53 What organisations & buyers should do now (roadmaps, phasing out risk)
25:53 Final call to action & closing

Key Topics Covered
• Why the EU Cybersecurity Act revision treats non-technical vendor risk as policy, not just code review.
• The difference between technical vulnerabilities and vendor/state dependencies (intelligence laws, personnel access).
• 5G’s virtualised architecture: “winner takes all” risks and the limits of code audits.
• Practical next steps for CISOs: vendor inventory, risk-based roadmaps, procurement levers and phasing strategies.

Related ON2IT content & explicitly referenced resources
ON2IT website: https://on2it.net/
Threat Talks website: https://threat-talks.com/
European Commission - Cybersecurity Act overview: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/cybersecurity-act
Proposal for a Regulation for the EU Cybersecurity Act: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-eu-cybersecurity-act 

Subscribe and turn on notifications to stay ahead of emerging cyber policy, supply chain risk, and critical infrastructure security across IT and OT.
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OpenClaw and The Dark Side of Agentic AI24 Feb 202600:19:56

Your biggest threat this year isn’t malware. It’s your own AI assistant.

OpenClaw connects an LLM directly to your terminal, browser, email, and chat.
 It runs with your permissions.
 It executes tasks without hesitation.

Days after launch, researchers found a One-Click RCE.

Cisco called it a security nightmare.

Gartner called it an unacceptable risk.

OpenClaw (formerly known as Clawdbot and Moltbot) represents a new phase of agentic AI: autonomous assistants operating inside your environment with almost no guardrails.

The headlines around OpenClaw have been clear: it’s a serious threat. But how should we handle agentic AIs like OpenClaw moving forward?

In this Threat Talks episode, Field CTO Rob Maas and SOC analyst Yuri Wit break down what OpenClaw actually does, where AI agent security breaks, and whether or not you should deploy OpenClaw.

OpenClaw is powerful. It’s useful.

It’s also proof that many of us are not ready for AI agents with this level of autonomy. 

Before you let an AI agent into your systems, understand what happens when it runs unchecked.

Timestamps

Key Topics Covered

·         How OpenClaw works and why agentic AI changes the security model

·         The One-Click RCE and what it reveals about AI agent security

·         Malicious skills, default allow design, and autonomous privilege abuse

·         Realistic mitigation strategies including sandboxing and controlled environments

Resources

·         Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/ 

·         ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/ 

·         AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams


 Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.


Click here to view the episode transcript.
 

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Inside the MongoBleed Memory Leak17 Feb 202600:13:57

Imagine your memory just became the attack surface.
That’s MongoBleed. Or as others know it: CVE-2025-14847. No passwords to crack, no complex exploit chain. 

Just normal protocol behavior, repeated at scale.

Each request leaks a little more MongoDB memory until something valuable shows up, even in environments that already follow network segmentation best practices.

Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT) hosts Luca Cipriano (CTI & Red Team Program Lead) to dissect MongoBleed, an unauthenticated memory leak vulnerability in MongoDB, in this episode of Threat Talks.

They break down how MongoBleed exploits MongoDB’s wire protocol before authentication and why repetition matters more than a single request. 

MongoDB is everywhere: cloud platforms, scalable applications, and data-heavy environments where availability matters more than friction. If MongoDB is part of your environment, or you want to understand how this vulnerability is exploited in practice, the full breakdown is worth your time.

Timestamps

 

Key Topics Covered

·         How malformed compressed messages manipulate MongoDB memory allocation

·         Why BSON string parsing can expose unintended data

·         How repeated burst requests turn small leaks into valuable information

·         Why MongoDB deployments are attractive targets in the cloud

Resources

·         Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/ 

·         ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/ 

·         AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

·         Threat Talks episode on Citrix Bleed: https://youtu.be/YwDpRPBfAzs


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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

How to pass any cybersecurity certification10 Feb 202600:21:59

Certifications play a central role in cybersecurity career development.
Yet many experienced engineers find themselves failing exams they should easily pass.

The problem isn’t a lack of knowledge or skills.

It’s the disconnect between real-world security work, and certifications built around memorization, UI trivia, and version-specific details that will be obsolete in two months.

In this episode of Threat Talks, Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT) and Nicholai Piagentini(Technical Enablement Engineer, ON2IT) break down why this happens, how certification exams are designed, and how to pass any cybersecurity certification without memorization or falling for trick questions. 

They explore how well-written exams validate real job tasks, while poorly designed ones drift into reading comprehension, UI trivia, and version-specific details that lose value the moment the product changes.

From blueprint-driven preparation to smart elimination tactics and knowing when not to overthink an answer, this is a grounded look at how to pass any certification for meaningful cybersecurity qualifications.

Timestamps


Key Topics Covered

·         Why many certification exams fail at measuring real-world cybersecurity skills

·         How to pass cybersecurity certification exams by focusing on concepts, not memorization

·         What makes a good vs bad exam (and how vendors design them)

·         Practical tactics for exam day, preparation strategies, and dealing with nerves

 

Resources

·         Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/ 

·         ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/ 

·         AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams


Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

 

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The End of Reactive Security03 Feb 202600:47:12

You already had the threat intel. The IP was on your blocklist, the file hash was known bad. So why did your MDR only raise an alert instead of blocking it? Lieuwe Jan Koning, Co-founder & CTO at ON2IT, and colleague Nicholai Piagentini, Technical Enablement Engineer at ON2IT, make the case for preemptive cybersecurity: the shift from detect-and-clean-up to block-first, and what it means for the future of MDR.

Timestamps
00:00:00 Preemptive cybersecurity: what it means for MDR
00:00:59 Why detect-and-clean-up is not enough (the leaking tap)
00:01:42 You knew the threat: block first
00:03:34 Fusing the SOC and operations teams
00:05:57 Speed, seconds, and AI versus AI
00:08:15 Data freedom and vendor lock-in
00:10:33 Dynamic policy without breaking change control

Key Topics Covered

- Preemptive cybersecurity as the Gartner-flagged direction, and why MDR has to move past detect-and-respond
- Turning known indicators of compromise into automated blocks at the endpoint, network, and cloud
- Collapsing the SOC and operational teams so detection and enforcement act as one
- Sub-second response, AI-driven attacks, and why MTTD and MTTR need to converge
- Data freedom and data sovereignty, and avoiding vendor cloud lock-in

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources: 

Threat Talks website: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

From IPs to people27 Jan 202600:18:12

Detection fails without identity. 
When activity isn’t tied to a person, anomalies stop telling a story - they’re just signals without context. And when your logs only show IP addresses, your security team is left responding to shadows, not real risk. 

In this Threat Talks Deep Dive, Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT) and Nicholai Piagentini (Technical Enablement Engineer, ON2IT) show how identity-based firewalling fixes that-by enforcing policy based on who the user is, not where they connect from.The result: stronger network access control, cleaner zero trust firewall enforcement, and better enterprise security decisions. 

  • (00:56) - Intro - Detection fails without identity
  • (01:02:07) - Identity signals - users, devices, tags
  • (02:15:43) - Why identity-based firewalls win - zero trust & threat detection
  • (04:48:01) - Why teams skip it -“as-is” migrations & fear of complexity
  • (07:08:13) - Terminal servers - a network access control blind spot
  • (08:17:11) - NAT & service accounts - who is the real identity?
  • (10:15:12) - When user ID feels impossible - the wireless workaround
  • (11:12:12) - How to start safely - turn it on, validate, tighten policy
  • (14:16:30) - Not optional anymore - zero trust firewall due diligence
  • (15:30:01) - Best advice - start imperfect, identity data wins
  • (17:09:58) - Wrap - stop guessing, know who’s acting

Key Topics Covered
• Why anomaly detection breaks without identity correlation in firewall logs
• How identity-based policy improves network access control and reduces lateral movement
• Common failure points: terminal servers, NAT, service accounts, AD timeouts
• A low-risk rollout: enable for visibility first, then enforce zero trust rules

Related ON2IT content & explicitly referenced resources
https://threat-talks.com/
https://on2it.net/
https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

Threat Talks connects cyber threats to operational reality-so CISOs and architects can make decisions faster.

Subscribe, follow, and turn on notifications to stay ahead of what changes enterprise security next.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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Beyond NIS2 Compliance21 Jan 202600:47:38

Most organizations ask one question:
 “Are we compliant?”


The question that actually matters is:
 “Will we still be operating when things go wrong?”


In this Threat Talks episode, Lieuwe Jan Koning speaks with Jasper Nagtegaal about what NIS2 is really trying to change - and why cyber resilience fails when organizations treat it as a policy exercise instead of a business risk.


This isn’t about regulators.
It’s about how digital risk is explained, understood, and acted on - from technical teams to the boardroom - and why organizations that meet NIS2 in practice think very differently from those that end up explaining them.


  • (00:15) - Fine or resilience: the question that changes everything
  • (02:20:26) - Why cyber incidents are business failures, not IT failures
  • (05:30:35) - NIS2 in plain terms: resilience over compliance
  • (06:35:31) - Building resilience before incidents — not after fines
  • (13:31:12) - Risk-based focus: you can’t protect everything
  • (16:12:37) - Why consequences still matter - and when they appear
  • (18:37:18) - What cybersecurity can learn from aviation, energy & healthcare
  • (18:18) - Why digital risk is still treated as a compliance burden
  • (05:18:14) - Why cyber regulation works differently across countries
  • (09:14:13) - What to do tomorrow: risk, boards, and real accountability
  • (21:13:28) - Wrap: resilience first, compliance follows

Speakers
Lieuwe Jan Koning - Security Operations Center, ON2IT
Jasper Nagtegaal - Director of Digital Resilience, Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI)

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Maritime Cybersecurity: Predictable = Hackable13 Jan 202600:37:32

You’re Port Control. A vessel requests entry.
No captain. No crew. Just autonomy.

In maritime cybersecurity, the risk isn’t that the ship is autonomous.
It’s that you no longer know who’s steering.

Lieuwe Jan Koning (Co-Founder & CTO, ON2IT) joins Stephen McCombie (Professor of Maritime IT Security, NHL Stenden) and Hans Quivooij (CISO, Damen Shipyards) to expose the illusion of control in autonomous shipping - where technology moves fast, responsibility blurs, and regulation lags behind.

  • (00:05) - No captain, just code: the Port Control dilemma
  • (02:05:15) - Autonomous shipping is here - and it’s remote by design
  • (06:15:48) - When it crashes: who owns the blame (and the bill)?
  • (07:38:12) - Ready or not: why “keeping watch” breaks at sea
  • (10:12:49) - Predictable = steerable: the risks most teams miss
  • (13:49:46) - Visibility vs compromise: when the ship becomes a weapon
  • (18:46:10) - The mindset shift: from castles to constant compromise
  • (20:10:45) - Regulation gap: high impact, low control
  • (21:45:50) - Too late? Only if you stay blind to real threats
  • (01:50:19) - Stop splitting IT and OT: defend vessels like HQ
  • (05:19:42) - Put it on the agenda: ask better questions, run scenarios
  • (09:42:22) - Wrap: make it tangible, build security into autonomy

Key Topics Covered
• Why maritime cybersecurity now decides physical safety, not just data protection
• How predictability in autonomous vessels creates exploitable maritime cyber risk
• Where responsibility breaks down when humans leave the bridge
• What cyber attacks on critical infrastructure look like once they reach the sea
• What to do next to protect against cyber attacks at sea

Related ON2IT content & explicitly referenced resources
Before the Mayday: Cyber Attacks at Sea: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rxWUmjbYOo 
Hack the Boat episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa0TJ3eRTCw 
Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

Threat Talks connects cyber threats to operational reality - every week.
Subscribe and turn on notifications to stay ahead of emerging cyber threats across IT, OT, and critical infrastructure.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Before the Mayday: Cyber ​​Attacks at Sea06 Jan 202600:38:25

Could Stuxnet happen again - this time at sea?

In this Threat Talks episode, host Lieuwe Jan Koning sits down with Professor Stephen McCombie, global expert in maritime cybersecurity, to unpack real-world cyber attacks on critical infrastructure and why the maritime sector is dangerously exposed.

From GPS spoofing and insider threats to aging ship systems and state-sponsored attacks, this conversation reveals how maritime cyber risk is no longer theoretical - it’s already disrupting global trade, safety, and geopolitics.

If your organization depends on shipping, ports, or industrial OT environments, this is an episode you really shouldn’t ignore.

  • (00:00) - – 01:15 Why Cyber Attacks at Sea Matter
  • (01:15) - – 04:01 What Makes the Maritime Industry Uniquely Vulnerable
  • (04:01) - – 07:15 Legacy Ships vs. Modern Ships: Where the Real Risk Lies
  • (07:15) - – 13:17 Stuxnet and the Blueprint for Physical Cyber Attacks
  • (13:17) - – 14:17 Today’s Biggest Maritime Cyber Threats
  • (14:17) - – 17:04 Learning from Real Incidents: The MCAT Database
  • (17:04) - – 23:19 Real Attacks at Sea: Insider Threats & GPS Spoofing
  • (24:34) - – 33:11 From Awareness to Action: Solutions That Actually Help
  • (33:11) - – 37:25 The Ship Honeynet: Detecting Attacks Before the Mayday
  • (37:25) - – 38:24 End Key Takeaways & What Comes Next

Key Topics Covered
• Why maritime cybersecurity failures can cripple global supply chains
• Real examples of cyber attacks on critical infrastructure, including GPS spoofing and insider threats
• How legacy OT, poor segmentation, and low awareness increase maritime cyber risk
• Practical lessons: intelligence-led defense, openness, exercises, and Zero Trust thinking

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources
Threat Talk episode - Hack the Boat: https://youtu.be/Xa0TJ3eRTCw?si=oQPhu4iyfVJEh0CQ 
Threat Talk episode - Maritime Cyber Attack Database: https://maritimecybersecurity.nl/ 
Threat Talk website: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT website: https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX website: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams
https://www.mcatdatabase.org/
https://www.nhlstenden.com/
https://www.marinetraffic.com/

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Subscribe and turn on notifications to stay ahead of emerging cyber threats across IT, OT, and critical infrastructure.

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Looking Back at 2025: Cybersecurity at a Turning Point30 Dec 202500:41:07

2025 was the year detection stopped being enough.
Because attacks stopped behaving the way detection was built to handle.

OT systems were hit with real-world consequences. AI stopped being just a productivity tool and became an attacker. And SOCs discovered - often painfully - that speed alone still means reacting too late.
In this special end-of-year Threat Talks episode, Lieuwe Jan Koning is joined by Luca Cipriano, Yuri Wit, and Rob Maas, all in ugly Christmas sweaters, to unpack why the cybersecurity trends of 2025 represent a structural break, not a gradual evolution.
They trace how attackers scaled faster than defenders, why SOC automation became unavoidable, and how preemptive security and Zero Trust execution are emerging as the only way to regain control.
This isn’t a recap for curiosity.
It’s a map of how we got here - and what must change in 2026 to stay ahead.

  • (00:00) - Introduction: why 2025 felt fundamentally different
  • (01:31) - - 05:12 The threat landscape shifts: OT security and real-world impact
  • (05:12) - - 07:27 A new normal: how AI changed daily security work
  • (07:27) - - 09:31 The most surprising attacks of 2025
  • (09:31) - - 20:00 Inside the SOC: scale, speed, and analyst fatigue
  • (20:00) - - 22:15 “There are protections against AI… right?”
  • (22:15) - - 20:23 Zero Trust redefined: can it handle AI-driven attacks?
  • (30:23) - - 32:04 Why prevention matters more than ever
  • (32:04) - - 41:06 Looking ahead: predictions for cybersecurity in 2026

Key Topics Covered
• How AI-powered attacks and autonomous malware altered attacker economics
• Why OT security and critical infrastructure moved to the front line
• Where SOC automation helps - and where it creates false confidence
• Why preemptive security and Zero Trust shift defense from reaction to control

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources
I-Soon episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rkp4OWOcCeU&t=1s

Salesloft supply chain attack episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_asJ2AN7cbA

PromptLock malware episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKcUwLPBC8k

MCP security episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkV6jkuYz5g

Zero Trust episodes playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF5mXtEG4t5wigSRB3fpyFfMYp3l1Ux2g

Zero Trust infographic (PDF)
https://on2it.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/250429_Infographic_ZT.pdf

Threat Talks is built for CISOs and security leaders navigating real trade-offs—not vendor promises.
Subscribe for grounded insight on Zero Trust execution, AI-driven threats, SOC automation, and preemptive security from practitioners in the field.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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BGP Vortex: Internet Kill Switch?23 Dec 202500:22:02

Could a single BGP trick really break the internet?

A new “BGP Vortex” claim says yes  - by abusing route oscillation and BGP communities to trigger endless update loops and exhaust router CPU. So we check what actually holds up in the real world.
In this Threat Talks Deep Dive, Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, sits down with Eric Nghia Nguyen Duy, Network Engineer at AMS-IX, to understand what BGP (short for Border Gateway Protocol) actually does, how the proposed Vortex mechanism works (route oscillation + community behavior), and why real-world internet operators are far more resilient than the headline suggests.
Yes, it’s an attention-grabbing claim.

No, it’s not a “break the whole internet tomorrow” button.

  • (00:00) - – 02:29 Introduction: The BGP Vortex Claim
  • (02:29) - - 06:35 What is BGP?
  • (06:35) - - 13:13 BGP Vortex: How it works
  • (13:13) - - 15:02 What an Attacker Would Actually Need
  • (15:02) - - 19:08 What can we do to prevent this
  • (19:08) - - 19:56 What role AMS-IX plays
  • (19:56) - – 22:01 Conclusion

Key topics covered
• What BGP is and why the internet depends on it
• How route oscillation and update amplification can overload routers
• Why the attack relies on upstream policy choices (communities aren’t “magic”)
• Why the “break the internet” claim is mostly theoretical
• Practical mitigations: filtering/inspecting communities, monitoring, session shutdown

Resources
• BGP Vortex research paper: https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity25-stoeger.pdf 
• BGP Vortex presentation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dd6L1mdQLmk
• Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
• ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
• AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

WSUS RCE: Update Weaponized16 Dec 202500:22:57

Attackers are abusing a WSUS flaw - Microsoft’s Windows Server Update Services - to detonate PowerCat, spawn reverse shells, and plant ShadowPad. All from the update server your entire Windows estate trusts by default.

One weak crypto key and a broken deserialization function let attackers hit your WSUS server with unauthenticated SYSTEM-level code execution. Chinese APT groups are already exploiting it to drop malware in memory, blend into legitimate WSUS traffic, and pivot deeper into the network.

Yes WSUS patch exists, but even if you patch it today, the real problem remains:
Your WSUS server is a high-value target with high-trust pathways - and most environments expose it far more than they think.

Watch host Lieuwe Jan Koning - with Blue Team expert Rob Maas and Red Team lead Luca Cipriano - break down how the exploit works, how attackers chain it into real-world intrusions, and the Zero Trust fixes that actually matter.

  • (00:00) - Intro
  • (01:03) - What is a WSUS server?
  • (02:48) - The WSUS vulnerability
  • (05:49) - What is deserialization?
  • (08:17) - What to do about this vulnerability
  • (10:52) - How attackers are exploiting it
  • (18:42) - Real-world harm
  • (19:16) - Final advice & defense strategy

Key Topics Covered
• How one WSUS flaw enables unauthenticated RCE as SYSTEM
• The attack chain: crafted payload → deserialization → PowerCat → ShadowPad
• Why update servers are high-value pivot points for APT groups
• How Chinese APTs weaponized this vulnerability in real-world intrusions
• Zero Trust protections: segmentation, egress control, EDR/XDR detection
• How to secure Microsoft Windows Server Update Services (WSUS patching best practices)

Episodes Mentioned
• China Nexus Barracuda Hack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4X9AmBhOmSA
• APT Sand Eagle: https://youtu.be/U5qdERmvEwg?si=kdsCJDNkGjs6Lklz
• APT 44 / Seashell Blizzard: https://youtu.be/JqA0Irspxrc?si=nnJpz7VnLtz38LN4
• APT Handala: https://youtu.be/XYf-SMhQdDc?si=WpIE0h9Q-pokz0MD

Guest & Host Links
Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://threat-talks.com/the-hosts/
Luca Cipriano (CTI & Red Team Lead, ON2IT): https://threat-talks.com/the-hosts/

Additional Resources
Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s most active cyber threats and hands-on exploitation techniques.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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Bad Successor: The Service Account Flaw to Watch09 Dec 202500:17:15

It was built to secure service accounts.
Instead, it became the cleanest privilege-escalation vector of 2025.

They called it Bad Successor (A.K.A. CVE-2025-53779).

A new “secure by design” feature in Windows Server 2025 -DMSA -was supposed to fix service account hygiene. Instead, it introduced a loophole where attackers could claim successor status, skip password requirements, and silently inherit elevated rights from any target account.

Including domain admin.

Even after Microsoft patched the issue, the deeper risk remains:
Service accounts are over-privileged, under-monitored, and dangerously trusted -and adversaries know it.

This isn’t a niche AD misconfiguration.

It’s a privilege-escalation design flaw hiding inside a security feature, and a warning shot for every environment leaning on default trust in the identity layer.

Watch host Rob Maas, Field CTO at ON2IT, and Luca Cipriano, CTI & Red Team Lead at ON2IT break down how Bad Successor works, how attackers exploited it, and what a Zero Trust AD strategy actually looks like in 2025.

  • (00:00) - Intro & why service accounts still matter
  • (00:46) - What are service accounts really for?
  • (01:31) - DMSA explained: Microsoft’s new managed service account
  • (02:56) - How DMSA migration works (the phone-migration analogy)
  • (04:40) - What is Bad Successor & why it matters
  • (08:00) - How widespread is this vulnerbility?
  • (11:42) - – Microsoft’s patch & post-patch stealth paths – is the patch working?
  • (14:03) - Defending AD: patching, OU permissions & logging
  • (15:23) - Is Bad Proccessor the biggest active directory attack in your tool box?

Key Topics Covered
• How a security upgrade became a privilege-escalation vector.
• Why service account security failures create invisible attack paths.
• The real DMSA abuse chain: child objects → successor claim → domain admin.
• Zero Trust defenses for AD: permissions, logging, rotation, least privilege.

Got your attention?
Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for deep dives into the world’s leading cyber threats and trends.

Guest and Host Links:
Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://threat-talks.com/the-hosts/
Luca Cipriano (CTI & Red Team Lead, ON2IT): https://threat-talks.com/the-hosts/

Additional Resources
Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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From Hacker to Hero03 Dec 202500:45:18

What if your next great cyber defender is a teenager gaming in their bedroom right now?

In this Threat Talks episode, Lieuwe Jan Koning and former FBI Supervisory Special Agent William McKean (founder of The Redirect Project) explore how young digital natives go From Hacker to Hero.

They chart the journey from gaming and online communities to risky first hacks and real-world intrusions. Then they show how to redirect that curiosity away from cybercrime and into ethical hacking, cyber defense, and a Zero Trust mindset at home and at work.

You’ll get practical questions to ask kids, simple “safe word” tactics, and concrete steps security leaders can use to grow defenders instead of future attackers.

Key Topics Covered
From gamer to attacker: How curiosity, gaming communities and digital “mentors” funnel kids into cybercrime, and how to redirect that path toward ethical hacking.

Psychology of recruitment: Why belonging, status and rewards override an undeveloped moral compass, and how grooming patterns mirror terrorism and gang recruitment.

Parent & educator playbook: Practical ways to talk about online life, spot early warning signs, use “safe words,” and apply a Zero Trust mindset at home.

Diversion, not destruction: How programs like The re_direct Project, HackShield, re_B00TCMP, Hack_Right, and The Hacking Games turn justice-involved kids into defenders instead of life-long offenders.

  • (00:00) - - Introduction
  • (01:25) - - What does FBI’s cyber division do
  • (05:40) - - Children as hackers
  • (08:14) - - From hacker to helper
  • (10:31) - - It all starts with curiosity
  • (17:56) - - What about AI development
  • (21:27) - - Other mechanisms to worry about
  • (22:32) - - 27:17 What can we do to help
  • (27:17) - - The re_direct Project
  • (33:45) - - What should the consequences be for child hackers
  • (37:09) - - Recommendations for parents
  • (42:02) - - What can organizations do

Additional Resources
ON2IT & Threat Talks
• ON2IT – Zero Trust Innovators: https://on2it.net/
• Zero Trust as a Service: https://on2it.net/zero-trust/
• Threat Talks podcast hub: https://threat-talks.com/ 

Episode Guest & Projects Mentioned
• The re_direct Project (youth cyber diversion & mentorship): https://www.redirectproject.org/ 
• HackShield (elementary school cyber game): https://www.hackshieldgame.com/ 
• Dutch Police re_B00TCMP “Reboot Camp”: https://www.politie.nl/informatie/re_b00tcmp.html 
• Hack_Right juvenile cyber program: https://www.om.nl/onderwerpen/cybercrime/hack_right 
• The Hacking Games (ethical hacker esports): https://www.thehackinggames.com/ 

If this episode helped you rethink your From Hacker to Hero strategy for your family or your workforce, don’t forget to hit Like, subscribe to Threat Talks.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

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 Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

The Npm Worm Outbreak25 Nov 202500:18:27

The world’s biggest open-source ecosystem - npm - faced its first self-spreading worm.


They called it Shai Hulud.


It didn’t just infect one package. It infected developers themselves.


When a maintainer got phished, the worm harvested credentials, hijacked tokens, and created new CI/CD workflows to keep spreading - automatically.


No command-and-control. No manual uploads. Just a chain reaction across the npm registry.


And while the world was busy shouting about “2.6 billion downloads affected,” this real threat was quietly exfiltrating GitHub, cloud, and npm secrets - right under everyone’s nose.


This isn’t just another npm story.


It’s the first-ever self-replicating supply chain worm - and a wake-up call for every developer and security team building in the open.


Watch host Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT) and Yuri Wit (SOC Analyst, ON2IT) 

break down how it started, how it spread, and how to make sure your pipeline isn’t the next one to go viral.


  • (00:00) - Intro, welcome & what npm is
  • (00:01) - Crypto drainer: how it worked, maintainer phish & real impact
  • (00:05) - “Shai Hulud” worm: credential harvesting & package spread
  • (00:07) - Hype vs reality: the “2.6 billion downloads” myth & media reaction
  • (00:10) - Defenses: dependency strategy & CI/CD workflow alerts
  • (00:14) - Secrets hygiene, OS targeting (Windows exit), end-user/EDR tips & takeaways

Key Topics Covered
  • How a maintainer phish and TOTP capture led to a crypto drainer in npm.
  • Why Shai Hulud’s credential harvesting + CI/CD persistence makes it high-impact.
  • Practical defenses: pin/review dependencies, CI/CD change alerts, secret rotation, egress monitoring.
  • What developers vs. end users can (and can’t) do in supply-chain attacks.

Got your attention? 

Subscribe to Threat Talks and turn on notifications for more content on the world’s leading cyber threats and trends.


Guest and Host Links: 

Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robmaas83/  

Yuri Wit (SOC Analyst, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuriwit/  

 

Additional Resources
 Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams
npm: https://www.npmjs.com/
Node.js: https://nodejs.org/
GitHub Docs: Actions & Workflows: https://docs.github.com/actions
MetaMask: https://metamask.io/
OWASP Dependency Management: https://owasp.org/www-project-dependency-check/
SLSA Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts: https://slsa.dev/

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Inside the SalesLoft Breach 18 Nov 202500:21:32

You were promised safe SaaS - but got silent data loss.
In Inside the Salesloft Breach, Rob Maas and Luca Cipriano expose how trusted integrations became the attack vector.

They trace how vishing calls, trojanized Salesforce tools, and GitHub-to-AWS pivots gave attackers OAuth access and drained CRMs without a single alert. You’ll hear how Drift integrations and bulk SOQL queries quietly moved data out of sight, while audit trails and API metadata disappeared.
If you need provable control over data exfiltration and a narrative your board will understand, this is your playbook.

Turn Zero Trust from slogan to stop - with IP allowlists, app inventories, token telemetry, and shared responsibility that actually blocks abuse at the source.

  • (00:00) - Cloud first did not mean data safe.
  • (00:45) - What Salesforce is and why attackers target it.
  • (02:00) - Campaign one. Vishing and a trojanized data loader to OAuth access.
  • (04:15) - Campaign two. Salesloft and Drift path from GitHub to AWS to Salesforce tokens.
  • (07:00) - Impact and cover up. 700 plus orgs hit and API job metadata removed.
  • (09:10) - Who was involved. ShinyHunters, Scattered Spider, Lapsus, and legal fallout.
  • (11:00) - Zero Trust actions. IP allowlisting, app inventory, token monitoring, staff education, shared responsibility.

Key Topics Covered:
•  How one sign-in token became a master key for your CRM.
•  The attacker’s route: from code repo → cloud → Salesforce → data exfiltration.
•  What shared responsibility means in SaaS — and what’s actually on you.
•  What truly stops it: trusted apps only, IP allowlists, short-lived tokens, and continuous monitoring.

Found value and want outcome focused guidance every week? 
Subscribe to Threat Talks, turn on notifications and add your questions for the next deep dive

Guest and Host Links: 
Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robmaas83/ 
Luca Cipriano (Cyber Threat Intelligence Program Lead, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/luca-c-914973124/

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Additional resources:
Threat Talks https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT https://on2it.net/?
AMS IX https://www.ams-ix.net/ams
Salesforce https://www.salesforce.com/
Salesloft https://www.salesloft.com/
Drift https://www.drift.com/
Okta https://www.okta.com/
Have I Been Pwned https://haveibeenpwned.com/

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The App Store Nightmare: Why AI MCP Stores Are a Trap11 Nov 202500:35:01

The new AI app store is here - and it’s already making choices for your company.
This episode shows you how to spot it, stop it, and stay safe.

Host Lieuwe Jan Koning with RobMaas (Field CTO, ON2IT) explain the app storenightmare in plain language. A new system (MCP) lets AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini do tasks for you - sometimes too much. When a bad tool or a sneaky document gets in, it can read, send, or delete things without you noticing.


Real cases, real damage:

  • Postmark MCP backdoor - secretly BCC’d emails (email copies)
  • Shadow Escape - “zero-click” data theft from a hidden prompt
  • kubectl chaos - a command mistake that can wipe servers


Your quick fix: keep a list of every AI tool and give each only the access it needs. Example: let your document bot read just the “Policies” folder—not your whole drive. For more fixes, watch the full episode.

Key topics covered:

·       The app storenightmare: a new AI app store you don’t control

·       How a tricked document can make your AI act against you

·       A simple ZeroTrust plan anyone can start today

·       How to cut tool sprawl, cost, and risk—without slowing the team


If you use ChatGPT, Claude, or Gemini at work, this is your survival brief.
Subscribe for more Threat Talks and ON2IT’s Zero Trust guidance.

 

Guest and Host Links: 

Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robmaas83/ 

Lieuwe Jan Koning (Founding Partner, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/lieuwejan/ 


Click here to view the episode transcript.

Additional Resources:
Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
ON2IT (Zero Trust as a Service): https://on2it.net/
AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams
Anthropic MCP announcement: https://www.anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol
OpenAI Tools/Connectors/MCP: https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/tools-connectors-mcp
Kubernetes (kubectl): https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/
Reported Postmark MCP backdoor: https://thehackernews.com/2025/09/first-malicious-mcp-server-found.html
Shadow Escape zero-click research: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/10/22/3171164/0/en/Operant-AI-Discovers-Shadow-Escape-The-First-Zero-Click-Agentic-Attack-via-MCP.html

If this saved you a breach, subscribe to Threat Talks and follow ON2IT for weekly Zero Trust moves. New episode next week.

The Secret Diplomats Fighting Cyber Wars04 Nov 202500:49:03

Cyber defense doesn’t just happen in code. It’s shaped in conversation. Behind every cyber norm or sanction, there’s a diplomat working to stop digital wars before they start.

 

In this episode of Threat Talks, Lieuwe Jan Koning (CTO & co-founder of ON2IT) sits down with Ernst Noorman, Ambassador at Large for Cyber Affairs for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. They reveal how backchannel talks, sanctions, and shared rules define what countries can and can’t do in cyberspace, and what CISOs can learn from a diplomat’s playbook. This isn’t patch management. It’s peacekeeping in real time.


What You’ll Learn (From Real-Life Example Discussions)

  • What a cyber ambassador actually does – and why every nation needs one.
  • How diplomacy helps prevent cyber conflicts between world powers.
  • Why UN-backed cyber norms matters even when nations ignore them.
  • How global collaboration builds cyber resilience, from Ukraine to Asia.
  • What businesses can learn from diplomats about cooperation and intelligence sharing.

  • (00:00) - - 02:29 - Intro
  • (02:29) - - 03:46 - What is the role of a cyber ambassador?
  • (03:46) - - 09:13 - What diplomacy achieves
  • (09:13) - - 10:07 - The US and cyber diplomacy
  • (10:07) - - 11:51 - Asian countries and their approach to cyber crime
  • (11:51) - - 15:47 - The five ‘don’t’s and eight ‘do’s’ at UN level
  • (15:47) - - 19:52 - What happens if someone violates a rule?
  • (19:52) - - 21:09 - Helping Ukraine with cyber resilience + the Tallinn mechanism
  • (21:09) - - 23:01 - Efforts against disinformation
  • (23:01) - - 26:22 - How to ensure information integrity
  • (26:22) - - 29:12 - What is the Brussels Effect?
  • (29:12) - - 30:13 - Common ground on worldwide subjects
  • (30:13) - - 30:35 - Treasure hunt
  • (30:35) - - 34:51 - Diplomacy and skepticism
  • (34:51) - - 37:59 - A European Splinternet - how realistic is this?
  • (37:59) - - 39:07 - The Cyber Resilience Act and China
  • (39:07) - - 47:23 - Initiatives to look forward to
  • (47:23) - - 48:53 - Outro

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources


If this episode gave you a new view on global cybersecurity, subscribe to Threat Talks. Share it with your team – because in a connected world, every company plays a role in cyber peace.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Patch Smarter, Not Harder28 Oct 202500:18:17

Patch smarter, not harder.
Lieuwe Jan Koning and ON2IT Field CTO Rob Maas break down why “patch everything now” isn’t a strategy, but a risk multiplier. In this session, they teach a practical patching strategy: know your assets, patch edge first, stage updates, and use Zero Trust segmentation to choke off exposure so you only patch what truly matters: fast, safely, and without outages.

  • (00:00) - 01:11 - Intro
  • (01:11) - - 02:28 - Reality check #1: Not everything can be patched
  • (02:28) - - 05:02 - Reality check #2: Patches are scary
  • (05:02) - - 08:45 - The solution: Patch in phases
  • (08:45) - - 10:36 - How Zero Trust enables patch management
  • (10:36) - - 11:23 - Prioritization matters
  • (11:23) - - 14:50 - Patching tips and tricks
  • (14:50) - - 16:21 - Guidelines for patching triage
  • (16:21) - - 17:37 - Practical advice
  • (17:37) - - END - Outro

Key Topics Covered

·       Why “patch everything immediately” fails; availability vs. security

·       Staged deployments and rollback safety for crown-jewel services

·       Zero Trust segmentation to reduce urgency and shrink attack surface

·       Priority signals that matter: asset criticality, exposure, KEV, CVSS

Related ON2IT content & explicitly referenced resources
ON2IT Zero Trust: https://on2it.net/zero-trust/
Threat Talks (site): https://threat-talks.com/
CVSS (FIRST): https://www.first.org/cvss/
CISA guidance – Citrix/NetScaler (Citrix Bleed example): https://www.cisa.gov/guidance-addressing-citrix-netscaler-adc-and-gateway-vulnerability-cve-2023-4966-citrix-bleed
Crowdstrike episode: https://youtu.be/IRvWVg1lSuo?si=f8Sj6WYG0KNxlkJD 

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Public Key Infrastructure: The Foundation of Digital Trust21 Oct 202500:34:41

How solid is your digital trust—or are you just hoping your PKI is secure?
Let’s be honest: too many companies run on borrowed trust and forgotten certificates. In this episode of Threat Talks, ON2IT’s Lieuwe Jan Koning and Rob Maas pull back the curtain on what really holds your digital world together—and what can tear it down overnight.
They break down PKI in plain language: the root of trust that must stay locked away, the intermediates that keep your systems running, and the automation that stops your team from clicking “ignore” on yet another warning.
You’ll see why rolling your own keys beats trusting anyone else, how to keep your devices speaking the same language of trust, and why short-lived certificates might just save you from the next big breach.
This isn’t theory—it’s how Zero Trust really starts: by proving that your organization can trust itself.

Additional Resources
• Threat Talks Episode on SSL Decryption – https://youtu.be/Xv_jVHVsD9w
• ON2IT Zero Trust: https://on2it.net/zero-trust/
• ACME protocol (RFC 8555): https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8555/
• Let’s Encrypt / ACME protocol – https://letsencrypt.org
• DigiNotar case study background – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar
• Mozilla CA Program (trusted root store): https://wiki.mozilla.org/CA
• infographic about encryption  https://on2it.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/20250304_Infographic_Encryption.pdf

Guest & Host Links:
Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robmaas83/ 
Lieuwe Jan Koning (Founding Partner, ON2IT): https://www.linkedin.com/in/lieuwejan/


Key Topics Covered
•  Why root certificates must never be online—and how intermediates provide a safe fallback.
•  Real-world PKI failure: DigiNotar compromise and lessons for CISOs.
•  How ON2IT built a secure, low-cost PKI with offline key bearers and ACME automation.
•  The hidden risks of training employees to ignore certificate warnings—and how Zero Trust demands the opposite.


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👕 Receive your Threat Talks T-shirt
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🗺️ Explore the Hack's Route in Detail 🗺️
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🕵️ Threat Talks is a collaboration between @ON2IT and @AMS-IX

Why Your Cyber Hygiene Matters?14 Oct 202500:21:53

One unlocked phone can unravel the defenses of a billion-dollar enterprise—because in cybersecurity, small mistakes don’t stay small for long. Attackers can read notes, steal IDs, or impersonate you on WhatsApp. A reused password can launch a remote tool that looks completely legitimate.

Rob Maas (Field CTO, ON2IT) and Luca Cipriano (Cyber Threat Intelligence Program Lead, ON2IT) reveal how poor cyber hygiene erodes trust, endangers partners, and weakens enterprise defenses.
CISOs, CIO and IT managers remember: in a Zero Trust world, your weakest link might not even be inside your organization.

  • (00:00) - Why your cyber hygiene affects others
  • (00:28) - Meet the speakers (Rob Maas, Luca Cipriano)
  • (00:47) - Cyber hygiene defined for CISOs
  • (03:00) - Unlocked phone → passwords in notes, WhatsApp fraud, ID photos
  • (05:53) - SOC case: contractor email compromise → remote tool drop (ConnectWise)
  • (09:40) - OSINT: 19 breaches + iterative password reuse
  • (17:01) - What to fix now: MFA, vaults, device lock, breach monitoring
  • (20:24) - Final takeaways & resources

What You’ll Learn (From Real-Life Example Discussions)
• How a stolen phone quickly turns into identity theft, impersonation, and scams targeting your contacts.
• A real SOC case: a contractor’s reused password allowed attackers to hide a remote access tool inside normal IT activity.
• How OSINT and dark web data reveal how password reuse spreads risk across accounts.
• Why shared tools like Google Docs can quietly multiply breaches when one user slips up.
• Simple upgrades—MFA, password vaults, breach alerts, and secure devices—that cut your organization’s exposure fast.

Click here to view the episode transcript.

Related ON2IT Content & Referenced Resources
• ON2IT: https://on2it.net/
• Threat Talks: https://threat-talks.com/
• AMS-IX: https://www.ams-ix.net/ams
• WatchYourHack: https://watchyourhack.com
• Have I Been Pwned: https://haveibeenpwned.com

Guest and Host Links: 
Rob Maas, Field CTO, ON2IT: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robmaas83/ 
Luca Cipriano, Cyber Threat Intelligence Program Lead, ON2IT: https://www.linkedin.com/in/luca-c-914973124/

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