We always look for the sail sign when reviewing radiographs of the elbow, but how often are they associated with occult fractures?
Check out the papers mentioned
Skaggs DL, Mirzayan R. The posterior fat pad sign in association with occult fracture of the elbow in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999 Oct;81(10):1429-33. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199910000-00007. PMID: 10535592.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10535592/
Al-Aubaidi Z, Torfing T. The role of fat pad sign in diagnosing occult elbow fractures in the pediatric patient: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2012 Nov;21(6):514-9. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e328355e5d8. PMID: 22735922.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22735922/
Kappelhof B, Roorda BL, Poppelaars MA, The B, Eygendaal D, Mulder PGH, van Bergen CJA. Occult Fractures in Children with a Radiographic Fat Pad Sign of the Elbow: A Meta-Analysis of 10 Published Studies. JBJS Rev. 2022 Oct 24;10(10). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.22.00114. PMID: 36326720.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36326720/
Scheier E, Fuchs L, Taragin BH, Balla U, Shavit I. Children With Elbow Injuries and Sonographic Elevated Posterior Fat Pad but No Identifiable Posterior Fat Pad on Lateral Radiographs: A Case Series. J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Jul;42(7):1617-1624. doi: 10.1002/jum.16173. Epub 2023 Jan 12. PMID: 36633969.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36633969/
Check out the Radiopaedia Article on the Sail Sign