Explore every episode of the podcast The Invested
| Title | Pub. Date | Duration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dustin Reid – Analyzing the Fed’s Bold Rate Cut Decision | 20 Sep 2024 | 00:44:46 | |
Investors widely expected a rate cut from the Fed, but the bold decision to lower interest rates by 50 basis points took many by surprise. In this episode, Dustin Reid, Chief Fixed Income Strategist, delves into the Fed’s first rate cut decision since 2020, its future outlook, and how it could affect other central banks worldwide. Dustin also examines recent Canadian inflation data, highlighting signs of economic weakness compared to the US, and how this might influence the Bank of Canada’s future decisions. Lastly, Dustin touches on the upcoming US presidential election and its potential impact on economic policies, particularly regarding immigration and labour market dynamics. This episode was recorded on September 19, 2024. | |||
| Navigating Market Uncertainty With Low Volatility ETFs | 17 Sep 2024 | 00:18:34 | |
In times of heightened market uncertainty, low volatility ETFs have increased in popularity. But can they help advisors manage risk without sacrificing their clients’ equity exposure? In this episode, Prerna Mathews, VP of ETF Product Strategy, and Nicholas Tham, Portfolio Manager on Mackenzie’s Global Quantitative Equity Team, explore the concept of low volatility ETFs, their performance, and common misconceptions. Nicholas highlights the team’s unique approach and investment process behind Mackenzie’s suite of low volatility ETFs. Lastly, Prerna and Nicholas share advice on how advisors can discuss low volatility ETFs with their clients. This episode was recorded on September 5, 2024. | |||
| Dustin Reid – Analyzing the Latest CPI Report, US Elections, Upcoming BoC Decision | 12 Jul 2024 | 00:34:51 | |
On this episode, Dustin Reid, Chief Fixed Income Strategist, discusses the latest CPI data and its implications for the Fed’s monetary policy. Could this suggest a path forward for the Fed to begin a rate cutting cycle as we approach the end of the summer? Dustin also explores the potential market implications of a Trump victory and a Republican sweep in the upcoming US elections. This episode was recorded on July 11, 2024. | |||
| Barry McInerney on His 6 Years at Mackenzie Investments & His Legacy | 22 Jun 2022 | 00:46:12 | |
We are celebrating our 100th episode! In this special episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Mackenzie's CEO, Barry McInerney just before his retirement in July. Together, they reflect on the last 6 years of his career at Mackenzie Investments.
Learn by Key Topics: (0:54) Views on Canadian Wealth Segments from Boomers to Gen Z (7:23) How has Talent & Culture changed within Mackenzie (14:38) Actions that re-shaped Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (21:13) Adjusting to the Pandemic Era and the Hybrid Model (29:44) Reflections on 6 Years of Acquisitions (40:12) Barry McInerney's Legacy at Mackenzie Investments
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Dustin Reid on the Recent Fed Meeting and Long-Term Inflation Expectations | 16 Jun 2022 | 00:31:23 | |
In this episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid. Together, they explore the recent fed decisions to raise interest points by 75 basis points, what’s happening in Europe and Japan, and how all these affect the portfolio.
Learn by Key Topics: (0:56) Thoughts on Inflation and Yesterday's Fed Meeting (5:36) Correlation of Long-term Inflation Expectations and Headline CPI (9:47) Views on a Potential Recession (Labour Market, Consumer Demand, etc.) (15:05) European Central Bank and Views on Europe (19:50) Views on Inflation in Japan and Bank of Japan (26:25) U.S. Treasuries and Outlook on Inflation
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com
| |||
| Richard Wong on Value Investing & Why 2022 is the Beginning of the Value Cycle | 09 Jun 2022 | 00:26:07 | |
In this episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Richard Wong, SVP, Portfolio Manager, and Head of the Cundill Team at Mackenzie. Together, they explore value investing and how macroenvironment conditions affect the cycle during the pandemic era.
Learn by Key Topics: (1:05) Views on Current Macroenvironment Conditions Allowing for the Optimism in Value (6:29) Value Stocks & Inflation (9:36) Views on Commodities from Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy (12:55) Electric Vehicles (EVs), Consumer Demand, Key Players, and the Global Outlook (15:51) What Our Team is Monitoring When Investing in the EV Space (18:15) Opportunities in the Opening Trade (21:20) How Views on Value Has Changed Over the Years
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Lesley Marks on the Canadian Economy, Europe Amidst War and ESG | 01 Jun 2022 | 00:21:23 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Lesley Marks, Chief Investment Officer of Equities. She oversees the investment professionals involved in the day-to-day management of Mackenzie funds across the firm’s 12 equity boutiques with more than $65 billion of Mackenzie’s assets under management.
Together, they explore the Canadian economy (trends within the labor market and consumer spending), the stock market, the war in Ukraine and its impact on Europe, and ESG.
Learn by Key Topics: (0:55) Trends in Canadian Economy & Recession (6:20) Equity Market – Are we at Maximum Pain? (12:17) Recession Fears in Europe (15:18) Views on Trends within ESG
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Todd Mattina revisiting the Modern Monetary Theory | 25 May 2022 | 00:33:08 | |
In this episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Todd Mattina, Chief Economist and co-lead of Mackenzie’s Multi-Asset Strategies Team. Together, they revisit the Modern Monetary Theory, comparing pre-pandemic times to what's happening right now from a global standpoint.
Learn by Key Topics:
(1:02) What is Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) (3:51) Mainstream Economic Community vs. MMT (6:05) Policy & Bank Response for MMT (8:35) Differences with 'Traditional' MMT responses (12:13) Risks with MMT (25:11) Why Modern Monetary Theory may not be a Viable Strategy
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Darren McKiernan on Pandemic Portfolio Positioning & the Current State of the Tech Market | 18 May 2022 | 00:26:47 | |
In this episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Darren McKiernan. He leads Mackenzie’s Global Equity & Income Team and he is also the lead manager of the Mackenzie's Global Dividend Fund. Together, they explore all the moves Darren has made to re-position portfolios with a bottom-up approach. They also discuss views on technology companies, their valuations, and opportunities within this space.
Learn by Key Topics: (1:00) History of Portfolio Changes during the Pandemic to Now (17:39) Views on Technology from the Pandemic to Post-Pandemic Climate
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Dustin Reid on the Fed, Bank of Canada and China’s Economic Slowdown | 11 May 2022 | 00:34:56 | |
In this episode, host Matthew Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid. Learn about: (0:57) Thoughts on last week's Fed meeting and bond markets (6:50) Views on Neutral Rate's potential increase (10:34) Impact of Quantitative Tightening (16:51) Fed vs. Bank of Canada (23:52) COVID-19 & China's economic slowdown (30:12) How these affect Portfolio Management for the Fixed Income Team At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Will Aldridge on investing in Canadian equity and resources | 04 May 2022 | 00:22:17 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's William Aldridge, VP North American Equities. Learn about: (0:57) Initial thoughts on Canada (2:55) How he approaches investing and managing portfolios (5:17) Macro view of investing in Canada (8:01) How the team allocates to small vs. mid vs. large caps (10:54) How the team incorporates resources in portfolios (16:40) Outlook for energy with green transition and climate change (19:30) Pockets of opportunities in Canadian caps and sectors At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Lesley Marks on effects of pandemic driven demand, COVID-19 in China, and recession fears | 27 Apr 2022 | 00:25:02 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Lesley Marks, Chief Investment Officer of Equities. She oversees the day-to-day management of Mackenzie funds across the firm’s 12 equity boutiques with more than $65 Billion of Mackenzie’s assets under management.
Learn about: (1:05) Looking at pandemic-driven demand through Netflix (6:47) COVID-19 in China (11:57) China’s next election, its effect on stimulus and GDP growth (14:08) The likelihood of a super-cycle of commodities (19:53) Recession fears and where the economy is headed
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated, and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Ome Saidi on discovering High Value Investment Opportunities | 20 Apr 2022 | 00:29:05 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Ome Saidi, VP Investments. He leads the International Investment Selection for the Global Equity & Income Team at Mackenzie Investments. He is also the Lead Portfolio Manager on the Mackenzie International Dividend Fund.
Learn about: (1:05) Ome's upbringing in Ivory Coast (6:09) His entrepreneurship journey that started with a pay cut (10:25) His theory in discovering high value investments (16:44) What he looks for in management (20:54) How he looks at risk in portfolios (26:33) Which areas does he discover the best opportunities
Ome's book recommendations: The Outsiders
At Mackenzie, we want to create a more invested world, partnering with advisors to help investors become more knowledgeable, more educated and more invested so they can meet their full potential. Learn more at mackenzieinvestments.com | |||
| Inside Active ETFs: What’s Behind the Growth in Canada? | 03 Jul 2024 | 00:29:13 | |
What are active ETFs and what is behind their growing popularity in Canada? On this episode, Prerna Mathews, VP of ETF Product Strategy, and Andres Rincon, Head of ETF Sales and Strategy at TD Securities, discuss the intricacies of active ETF structures, and the similarities and differences in trade experiences between active and index ETFs for advisors and investors. Prerna and Andres also examine the impact of trading global equity and fixed income ETFs in a T+1 trading environment. Further Reading: - The value of active fixed income ETFs This episode was recorded on June 20, 2024. | |||
| Dustin Reid on the recent interest rate hikes | 18 Apr 2022 | 00:35:02 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid to debrief the Bank of Canada's recent interest rate hikes. The two also discuss the ECB, the federal reserve, and what impacts these will have on the team's portfolios. | |||
| Konstantin Boehmer on sustainable debt and the current market environment | 07 Apr 2022 | 00:34:52 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Konstantin Boehmer, SVP, Portfolio Manager, and Co-lead of the Mackenzie Fixed Income Team, to discuss sustainable debt and the current market environment. They explore what sustainable debt is and what are its characteristics. Konstantin also outlines the three possible paths that the market may take, which is most probable, and what to do with your portfolio. | |||
| Benoit Gervais on energy and achieving climate change goals | 30 Mar 2022 | 00:25:56 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Benoit Gervais, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager, Head of the Resources Team at Mackenzie Investments, to explore energy security in light of the Russia/Ukraine conflict, onshoring, and infrastructure. They also discuss how we can achieve our climate change goals. | |||
| Dustin Reid on the central banks’ reactions to Russia’s Invasion of the Ukraine | 23 Mar 2022 | 00:28:22 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid to discuss the Fed, ECB and BOC's reactions to Russia's invasion of the Ukraine. Dustin also comments on inflation, commodity prices and how his team is positioning their portfolios. | |||
| Sir Christopher Meyer on the War in Ukraine: Context and Capital | 15 Mar 2022 | 00:30:09 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Sir Christopher Meyer, former British Ambassador to the US, and private secretary to the British Embassy in Moscow, who provides his unique perspective on the war in Ukraine. He sheds light onto its cause and its global implications. | |||
| Brent Joyce on the impact of the Russia/Ukraine conflict on economic markets | 09 Mar 2022 | 00:30:15 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments. They dive deep to provide a thoughtful analysis on the Russia Ukraine Crisis and what it means for economic markets around the world. | |||
| Wenjie Ding on the Chinese Equity Market | 02 Mar 2022 | 00:22:32 | |
In this episode Matt Schnurr joins Wenjie Ding, Investment Strategist at ChinaAMC to discuss the current situation in China. They dive into both the short-term and long-term macro challenges. The also explore the reasons that investors should be optimistic about the Chinese equity market. | |||
| Brent Joyce on the Russia/Ukraine conflict and oil prices | 24 Feb 2022 | 00:26:50 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to discuss the Russia/Ukraine situation and its effect on oil. They further dive into what oil prices may mean for inflation and the health of the economy. | |||
| Shelly Dhawan on ESG research and evaluation | 16 Feb 2022 | 00:30:47 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Shelly Dhawan, Director of ESG research, Mackenzie Betterworld Team, to discuss ESG. The go over what an ESG researcher does, how to think about ESG risks, topical ESG themes, and greenwashing. | |||
| Dustin Reid on US job numbers and actions from the European Central Bank | 09 Feb 2022 | 00:28:39 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid to discuss the jobs number coming out of the US and the European Central Bank's recent actions. They also take a look at what Dustin and his team have recently done within their portfolio. | |||
| Benoit Gervais – Inflation, Politics, and AI: What it Means for Commodities | 20 Jun 2024 | 00:26:55 | |
What has been causing the surprising upward trend in gold prices despite rising real rates? On this episode, Benoit Gervais, Portfolio Manager and Head of Mackenzie Resource Team, explores how the demand for gold has been shifting from the Western world to Asia. Benoit also discusses the factors influencing commodity trends such as politics, the energy transition, and AI’s impact on today’s market. This episode was recorded on June 14, 2024. | |||
| Onno Rutten on inflation, resources and gold | 02 Feb 2022 | 00:29:27 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Onno Rutten, Vice President on Mackenzie’s Resources Team to discuss the opportunities for resource investing in an inflationary world and the role of gold as insurance against rising monetary policy risks. | |||
| Brent Joyce on the recent market volatility | 26 Jan 2022 | 00:29:27 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to discuss the market volatility in early 2022 including what caused it and how to think about future movements going forward. | |||
| Konstantin Boehmer on inflation and its effects on markets | 20 Jan 2022 | 00:40:43 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Konstantin Boehmer, Senior Vice President, Co-Lead of the Fixed Income Team, and Head of Global Macro at Mackenzie Investments, to discuss inflation. They go over where inflation levels are likely to reside, what are the Fed's reactions, and if food and oil prices will create a challenge for developing markets. | |||
| What to expect in 2022 from the Federal Reserve, the Bank of Canada, and the European Central Bank | 12 Jan 2022 | 00:23:57 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr joins Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid to do a level set for 2022 including what to expect from the Federal Reserve, the Bank of Canada, and the European Central Bank. | |||
| Brent Joyce on investment opportunities in 2022 | 23 Dec 2021 | 00:32:17 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to discuss the Blue Book, Mackenzie's 2022 outlook. They dig into the different asset classes and geographic locations to get Brent's perspective on what will be the best investment opportunities next year. | |||
| Jamie Storrow on private infrastructure investing | 15 Dec 2021 | 00:34:53 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Jamie Storrow, Managing Director and Co-Head of Infrastructure at Northleaf Capital Partners, to share his team's approach to private infrastructure investing. He goes over how they source deals, work with management teams, and their exit strategies. | |||
| Dustin Reid on inflation, maximum employment, and the easing cycle in China | 08 Dec 2021 | 00:27:00 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid as he weights in on the Fed's view of inflation and maximum employment, and what implications it may have on markets. They also turn to discuss China and the easing cycle that is currently playing out. | |||
| John Cook on the COP26 climate summit and the opportunities in sustainable investing | 30 Nov 2021 | 00:21:55 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins John Cook, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager and Investor Engagement, Team Co-Lead Mackenzie Greenchip Team, to debrief the COP26 climate summit. They also discuss industries like clean-up technologies and industrials, and the opportunities in resources. | |||
| Brent Joyce on earnings, sentiment, and yield expectations | 23 Nov 2021 | 00:23:48 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to discuss earnings, sentiment in the market, and yield expectations. | |||
| Todd Mattina on Modern Monetary Theory | 16 Nov 2021 | 00:26:09 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Todd Mattina, Senior Vice President of the Multi-Asset Strategies Team and Chief Economist, to discuss Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). They explore its benefits and downfalls, and how it's been used during the past decade. | |||
| Dustin Reid – Market Reactions to CPI Report and Fed Decision | 14 Jun 2024 | 00:29:49 | |
With CPI showing signs of easing, indications from the Fed reveal they aren’t in a rush to lower rates. On this episode, Dustin Reid, Chief Fixed Income Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, discusses how the markets have been reacting to the latest CPI report and Fed decision. Dustin also touches on the ECB’s decision to cut its benchmark rate by 25 basis points, increased volatility in emerging markets – specifically in Mexico – and recent portfolio trades. This episode was recorded on June 13, 2024. | |||
| Dustin Reid on the November Fixed Income Markets | 10 Nov 2021 | 00:30:08 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid for a recap of what has been going on in the fixed income markets. They dive into how volatile it's been, what indicators can be used to predict where it's going, and how to position your portfolio. | |||
| Yves Choueifaty on understanding the value of Bitcoin | 04 Nov 2021 | 00:29:07 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Yves Choueifaty, CEO of TOBAM, to discuss his experience starting the first open-ended Bitcoin fund in 2017. He also explores the characteristics of a Bitcoin, and dispels some common myths. | |||
| Dustin Reid on interest rates in developed markets | 26 Oct 2021 | 00:31:36 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid about interest rates in developed markets, his forecast for future rate changes, and how to position your portfolio to take advantage of them. | |||
| Brent Joyce on the causes of inflation and the prospect of stagflation | 21 Oct 2021 | 00:22:14 | |
In this episode Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to talk all about inflation, including its causes and the prospect of stagflation. They also discuss how companies are doing this earnings season. | |||
| Benoit Gervais on commodity markets, and the impacts of onshoring and climate change | 14 Oct 2021 | 00:22:59 | |
In this episode Matt Schnurr joins Benoit Gervais, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager, Head of the Resources Team at Mackenzie Investments, to explore the current commodity markets, onshoring, and supply chains. They also discuss climate change and the desire for higher quality inputs, and how that could impact commodities in the future. | |||
| Brent Joyce on the volatility in the emerging markets and the US political situation | 06 Oct 2021 | 00:21:55 | |
In this episode Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to unpack the past month's market conditions. They also discuss the volatility in the emerging markets, particularly out of China, and the political situation in the US. | |||
| Dustin Reid on the September FOMC meeting, the German election, and Evergrande | 28 Sep 2021 | 00:32:34 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid about what happened during the September FOMC meeting and the German election. Dustin also weights in on Chinese Markets, the Evergrande Group, and what you can expect out of Chinese bonds. | |||
| Todd Mattina on the 2021 Canadian Federal Election | 22 Sep 2021 | 00:27:07 | |
In this episode, Matt Schnurr joins Todd Mattina, Senior Vice President, Chief Economist, Portfolio Manager to discuss the recent 2021 Canadian Federal Election. They explore what it means to markets and what the next government must grapple with going forward. | |||
| Brent Joyce on summer 2021 and what to expect this fall | 14 Sep 2021 | 00:25:39 | |
In this episode Matt Schnurr joins Brent Joyce, Investment Strategist at Mackenzie Investments, to reflect on what happened over the summer. They also discuss Brent's views on the emerging markets, Canadian equities, and the upcoming fall season. | |||
| Andrew Simpson on ESG investing, corporate governance, and the valuation of companies | 09 Sep 2021 | 00:38:18 | |
In this episode host Matt Schnurr speaks with Andrew Simpson Team Lead and Portfolio Manager, Mackenzie Betterworld, to learn about his deep experience in ESG investing. They go over how he thinks about corporate engagement, how he looks at management, and how he understands the valuation of companies. | |||
| Special: Mid-Year Outlook with Lesley Marks and Steve Locke | 12 Jun 2024 | 00:36:52 | |
The investment and economic water have smoothed over the last six months, yet market expectations of interest rate cuts were challenged by resilient growth and inflation. On this special episode, Lesley Marks, CIO of Equities, and Steve Locke, CIO of Fixed Income and Multi-Asset Strategies, discusses their market outlook for the rest of 2024. Topics discussed in their conversation include:
For more insights and perspectives, download our 2024 mid-year market outlook. This episode was recorded on May 31, 2024. | |||
| Dustin Reid on US monetary policy and his view on China | 08 Sep 2021 | 00:27:37 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid about US monetary policy, and when we can expect tapering and rate cuts from the Fed. They also talk about the Bank of Canada, their posturing, and Dustin's view on China. | |||
| Richard Pan on the importance of ESG and how to approach the Chinese markets | 01 Sep 2021 | 00:52:29 | |
In this episode host Matt Schnurr speaks with Richard Pan, Portfolio Manager, Head of Global Capital Investment, ChinaAMC, about Richard's journey from engineer to investment manager. They also discuss the importance of ESG to his philosophy, how to approach the Chinese markets, and some of Richard's recommendations. | |||
| Dustin Reid on the upcoming Jackson Hole Economic Symposium | 24 Aug 2021 | 00:23:45 | |
In this episode, host Matt Schnurr speaks with Mackenzie's Chief Fixed Income Strategist, Dustin Reid about the Delta variant and how it could impact markets. They also dive into what can be expected from the upcoming 2021 Jackson Hole Economic Symposium. | |||