If you know, you know: It’s Poosh! If that’s gibberish to you, pop in those earbuds and meet Micah Pueschel, frontman of reggae band Iration, published contributor in TGJ No. 29 and humble golf nerd well aware of the “insane” run he’s on. Before helping to lead Iration from a college bar band to a world-touring festival headliner, Pueschel grew up at a now-defunct nine-hole muni near his home on the Big Island of Hawaii. As he tells host Tom Coyne from the Iration tour bus outside Columbus, golf took a back seat for many years, but safe to say that the bug is back in a big way. Pueschel expands on his abiding love for Soule Park and its unpretentious SoCal character, runs down his eye-popping list of courses played this year, and opens up about his experiences with “the most nerve-wracking thing in the world.” Hint: it’s not playing shows. 

The Golfer's Journal is made possible by reader support. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here:⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT⁠⁠

TGJ Podcast is presented by⁠  @titleist ⁠ 

Last week, TGJ became one of the first media outlets to visit ⁠TGL's performance lab⁠ (which is different from the SoFi Center where competition will be held) in West Palm Beach, FL and preview the first of roughly 30 new digital golf holes designed specifically for league competition starting in January 2025. Managing Editor Travis Hill sat down with golf course architect Beau Welling, one of three designers behind the development of what Tiger and Rory are hoping will become an entirely new style of golf.  So how were the courses designed? ⁠How does one play a hole?⁠ Will they play out of real fairway grass? How does this spinning green work? And will Tiger and Rory's ambitious new venture actually catch on? All these questions and more are answered on TGJ Podcast 169. 

The Golfer's Journal is made possible by reader support. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here:⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT⁠⁠

TGJ Podcast is presented by  @titleist  

The Golfer's Journal and this podcast are made possible by reader support. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here: ⁠⁠https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT⁠⁠

Watch a new TGJ Film about Cabot Citrus Farms here. The Golfer’s Journal Podcast is presented by Titleist.

At 12 years old, Ben Cowan-Dewar built a golf hole on his family’s farm east of Toronto. By the time he graduated college, he owned a golf tour operator running trips in 20 countries. At 24, he set out to build the best course in Canada. 12 later, he had the top two. Now, with Cabot St. Lucia online and Cabot Citrus Farms welcoming guests to a new breed of Florida destination golf, Cowan-Dewar sits down to discuss his journey, and the hallmarks of the Cabot brand he’s helped to build. Entrepreneurs, dreamers and golf junkies alike will find common ground in Cowan-Dewar’s tales, which include his foolproof advice on decision making, why he said no to Mike Keiser when every instinct told him to say yes, and the inside story behind the trademark ding at the bottom of every Cabot cup.

Roger Bennett is well known in the soccer community as the co-host of the wildly popular podcast-turned-television-show Men in Blazers. But he’s also a huge golf fan. Today he joins host Tom Coyne to discuss hosting television coverage of the Open at Royal Portrush, why Kiradech Aphibarnrat and Craig Stadler are his favorite players, and how the golf chapter was cut from his New York Times best-selling book, (Re)born in the USA: An Englishman’s Love Letter to his Chosen Home, and more. Courage!

(Podcast dress code: Blazers optional.)

Good morning, Tokyo! On this week's TGJ Podcast, we catch up with friend of the show Chris Reimer, who has spent the last several weeks in Japan running the media center for the Olympic Golf competitions. Following the conclusion of the men's tournament, Reimer joins TGJ Editor Travis Hill to report back on life in the village, the debates over pros vs. amateurs and the stroke-play format, trash talk from inside the ropes, how to buy a real samurai sword and how stars like Rory McIlroy are not immune to the power of the Olympic spirit.

We all remember where we were during Jordan Spieth’s infamous drop on No. 13 at Royal Birkdale during his now-legendary win at the 2017 Open Championship. So does today’s podcast guest David Bonsall: He was the rules official who orchestrated the 17-minute-long ordeal. In addition to his time as a former R&A rules official, Bonsall also happens to be the Captain (club president) at Royal St. George’s, host of this week’s Open. Bonsall sits down with host Tom Coyne to discuss Royal St. George’s place in history, strategy on the grueling par-4 fourth and the inside scoop on what in the world happened next to that Titleist truck in 2017.

For 35-year-old Zach Kahl, one foggy, early-morning round ended with an unexpected, life-altering trip to the emergency room. He suffered several strokes and blood clotting in his brain, an incredibly rare malady for someone his age. But his doctor prescribed a refreshing road to recovery: Stop working and play more golf. In TGJ No. 15, readers walked with Kahl as he used the game to take the literal next steps of his new life. This podcast opens with Kahl’s emotional reading of his piece in No. 15 and later he joins host Tom Coyne for an encouraging update about his progress, his relationship with the game, hidden blessings and more.

Did you know that almost every feature from the book has an audio version available on the website? Let each author take you behind the scenes, adding more context and details to the story.

At 73 years young, and after a career in golf that would be too wild for the movies, there’s only one thing left for Gary McCord to do: Find Sasquatch. No, seriously. 

Pulled from an extended conversation featured in the pages of TGJ No. 16, McCord connects with longtime friend/golf writer Jim Moriarty and opens up one of the more subversive storybooks in all of golf. They chat about everything from Phil’s win at Kiawah, Brooks vs. Bryson, Mac O’Grady, Steve Martin, failed PGA Tour format proposals, an ex-wife golf tournament, never-before-heard stories from the set of Tin Cup, and, yes, Sasquatch.

Want to hear about a bet over killing Bin Laden? Well, on a road trip from TGJ HQ to Gearhart—and after a series of hard-to-believe phone calls—TGJ Assistant Editor Casey Bannon found himself hearing all about it in the private wine cellar of the world famous Sardine Factory, just down the road from 17 Mile Drive. Across the table from him sat owner Ted Balestreri, a man for whom a statue was erected in Monterey, and Balestreri’s longtime friend/ former CIA Director/ Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta. The three discuss the revitalization of Cannery Row, the people that call it home, the art of dining, and how golf—plus an expensive bottle of wine—were intertwined with a wager that took down Bin Laden.

On Sept. 26, 1783, a great schooner shoved off from London. The Comte du Nord's captain, a notorious Liverpudlian trader named James Penny, listed on the ship’s manifest 97 women, 131 girls, 197 men and 249 boys—all loaded into her lower holds for future sale. This week, the PGA Championship will kick off at Kiawah Island, where the same grass used to line the bottom of Penny's boat now lines the fairways.

In TGJ No. 15, "Paspalum Shadows" explores how a turf from the shores of West Africa has made its way to Kiawah, Sea Island, Dubai and beyond. On Episode 80, Associate Editor Casey Bannon and Earl Cooper of Eastside Golf discuss the making of the story from ideation through creation, and how it has altered their perspective on golf, history, and friendship. 

The last year brought a legion of new golfers into the fold. Some will stay for good, and some are sure to fade away. But nine months into his newfound yet promising career, LaJethro Jenkins, of NBA internet and Jenkins & Jonez Podcast fame, is certain he’s in the game for life: “There’s nothing that moves me like this.” As fate would have it, TGJ Contributor Laz Versalles just happens to hit balls at the same public range where Jenkins now spends most of his days, and has quickly become his spiritual swing guide. So tag along with these fast friends as they raid the TGJ van at Westchester Golf Course in the heart of L.A., and talk footwork, overcoming fears, and golf in the afterlife.

While Don Rea's previous career involved enforcing the rules, he's now tossing them out the window as owner/operator at Augusta Ranch Golf Club in Mesa, AZ. From night golf to music on the range to candles in the pro shop, Rea sets out to entertain every golfer that steps foot on his par-61 property—including an infamous one-club golfer.

Is it working? The PGA of America certainly thinks so. Host Tom Coyne sits down with the newly-appointed Secretary of the PGA to discuss his rise from cart guy to owner (at the same course!), his previous life as an umpire, how makeup shopping for his wife rewired his business approach and more. For those begging golf’s governing bodies to begin thinking outside the box, Rea is your man.

The twinkling piano notes are unmistakable, but did you know that the Masters theme song has actual lyrics? Or that Dave Loggins—second cousin of Kenny—wrote them? Or that TGJ Contributor/songwriter/music critic Elizabeth Nelson doesn’t think they are very good? Join host Tom Coyne as he and Nelson share a few laughs over one of golf’s most iconic tunes and even sneak in a meditation on two-time Masters champ Seve Bellesteros in this Masters-themed mini-episode. 

This is part five of a five-part TGJ Podcast series which chronicles the origin, evolution and inner-workings of The Masters. The series is voiced by David Owen and based on his best-selling book, The Making of the Masters.

Part 5: As its founders begin to decline, the mythology around The Masters only grows stronger

The Masters is paused and Augusta National is forced to become self-sufficient in the wake of World War II. In the 1970s, the club must endure the passing of Bobby Jones and the shocking suicide of Clifford Roberts. But the club and tournament move on, going to untold lengths to preserve their legacies that still reverberate today.

A transcript of this episode can be found here.

The Golfer's Journal Podcast is presented by Titleist

The Golfer's Journal is made possible thanks to our members. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here: https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT

Meet Sid Matthew, your favorite golf historian’s favorite golf historian. In TGJ No. 15 we explored Matthew’s extensive golf collection in “Office Hours.” But on today’s podcast, we discover that his most prized possessions are his collection of Bobby Jones stories. Having worked in the Jones’ Atlanta law office, Matthew has become the game’s foremost Jones historian. He takes us behind the scenes (and over the crazy hurdles) of making his famous Jones documentary, regales us with tales of playing with his late, great friend Sean Connery and inside the origins of the golf collecting boom—including a club that sold for more than $200,000.

Welcome to the next Re-Teed, TGJ’s look back at golf’s greatest tournaments. The first edition featured Tiger at the 2008 U.S. Open, and our latest dives deep into another famous finish: the 2015 Players Championship. While Rickie Fowler may have owned the island green, TGJ Editor Travis Hill, who has covered the tournament for nearly 20 years, and longtime PGA Tour executive Chris Reimer own all the behind-the-scenes stories. They look back at Fowler (momentarily) quieting the doubters, Sergio Garcia’s pants, a few missed putts that nearly changed history, and the legend of Jerry f&#^ing Kelly.

Grip, stance, posture...yawn. Has junior instruction grown stale? Richard Franklin thinks so.

After 15 years of studying game design, Franklin brings a more playful approach to junior golf involving birds, eskimos and more unusual suspects. In his conversation with host Tom Coyne, the two unpack his unique teaching style while discussing game theories, adding more fun, and the importance of richer rewards. And for anyone who ever whispered “This putt is to win the Masters,” on the practice green—Franklin says you’ve been on the right track all along. 

Because hell, golf is just a game after all, right?

He wasn’t the biggest, flashiest or longest, but one look at Paul McGinley’s resume—four European Tour wins, three Ryder Cup titles as a player and one more as captain—clearly shows a legendary career in the game. But golf never came easily to the scrappy Irishman. McGinley spills his secrets for success to host Tom Coyne, reflecting on his love for Gaelic football, attending high school with Padraig Harrington, why he prefers watching Rory over Tiger, what it takes to gain the respect of a Ryder Cup locker room and how he purposefully hooked the most important putt of his life.

Sandbaggers, ball-droppers and lie-fluffers, oh my! Getting cheated in golf can stay with you—just ask host Tom Coyne, who still can’t forget an interclub incident from 1986. So we decided to name names: We speak with experts who break down golf’s various scammers (behold, the “cheating non-liar”) and investigate what exactly leads someone to cheat at the ultimate game of honor.  Along the way, we hear some of the wackiest cheating stories ever recorded, as submitted by listeners. Fingers crossed none are about you.

Yes, in TGJ No. 14, Coyne chronicled the hellish battles he and four others had with substance abuse and how golf in a sober league became an unexpectedly vital part of their journeys to recovery. But in this pod, it's clear that busting each other’s chops is also a big part of it. In a surprisingly funny and hopeful conversation, Coyne and two members of the league discuss golf’s longtime kinship with alcohol, their own roads to sobriety and why a sense of humor helps too. Because hey, it’s a lot easier to play 36 a day when you’re not hungover.

What are you left with after 19 years as a communications executive for the PGA Tour’s biggest events? A jukebox of epic tales ranging from the parking-lot chase with Tiger at Doral, a front row seat for the Keegan Bradley-Miguel Angel Jiminez greenside clash, and a late night meal at an Atlanta Waffle House where he shared a special drink with a stranger the night Arnold Palmer passed. TGJ Editor Travis Hill sits down with Chris Reimer to press play on his career with the Tour, and how it led to his piece in TGJ No. 14: A trip to King Island, golf’s next great bucket list destination.

Nashville-based singer-songwriter Ben Rector writes from a place of vulnerability, forming a bond with his fans by letting them behind the curtain. And while he and host Tom Coyne have just recently met, they sound very much like old friends on this episode. During their conversation, Rector discusses the best places to peg it on tour, golf in the Nashville music scene, life as an independent artist and adds his expert opinion on one of golf’s hot-button issues: music on the golf course.

College football fans know the legendary writing, podcasting and Twitter rants of Spencer Hall. But what does he know about golf? Just enough to be dangerous. Hall joins TGJ Editor Travis Hill to discuss his story in TGJ No. 14 about Ray Ray Whitley, a virtual golfer Hall created to survive an early-quarantine sports black hole. They go on to workshop some golf takes like how Phil Mickelson is a walking hedge fund, why one in-person Masters was enough for Hall, and his belief that the Waste Management is the true U.S. Open. Much like Ray Ray, Hall gives the traditional golf establishment a much-needed cage rattling.

If you’re open to it, the game can provide some life-changing surprises. So it is with Mike Madden and host Tom Coyne. Madden, son of legendary NFL coach and broadcaster John Madden, and Coyne never knew each other before they teed off. Now, Madden is passing him secret turducken recipes and they’re talking about a trip to play in Ireland. This conversation retraces the steps of their round at Philly Cricket, Madden’s preservation of Muhammed Ali’s legacy, and his small role in the video game bearing his father’s famous face. But really, it’s a story about how our game can turn strangers into fast friends. And one absolutely incredible bus.

This is part four of a five-part TGJ Podcast series which chronicles the origin, evolution and inner-workings of The Masters. The series is voiced by David Owen and based on his best-selling book, The Making of the Masters.

Part 4: The evolution of the Masters broadcast 

In the mid-1950s, the Masters innovates by partnering with CBS to broadcast the tournament on national television. As is the case with everything at Augusta, chairman Clifford Roberts has his fingerprints all over it as he works with legendary producer Frank Chirkinian to elevate the commentary, pacing, visuals and commercial load. The modern golf telecast is born.

A transcript of this episode can be found here.

The Golfer's Journal Podcast is presented by Titleist

The Golfer's Journal is made possible thanks to our members. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here: https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT

 It’s been a hell of a ride. In the early 1950s, he was watching declassified rocket explosions filmed by his father. During the 1960s, in the shadow of Riviera, he learned the game from Willie Hunter by flying 4-irons into the Pacific. In 1964 he helped produce some of the first music videos, and by 1966 he was part of the revolutionary Bones Brigade that introduced skateboarding to Europe. Over the decades his love for golf took him from Pacific Grove to Carne and just about everywhere in between. In 2020, he wrote about it all in TGJ No. 13 and joined host Tom Coyne to explain his movie-script life. This is Jim Fitzpatrick. 

Fresh off his byline in TGJ No. 13, Golfer’s Journal Contributor Chris Solomon returns to the show to talk about the inspiration behind “Infinite Loop,” the brotherhood behind the traveling carry bag that’s now been around the world twice, how to properly pitch a TGJ story, and the fear that comes when putting pen to paper. 

This week on TGJ Digital we released “Now What?” — a new feature where contributing writer Will Bardwell asks a variety of golf industry members the big question: After golf’s biggest summer in decades, what will, and should, once-struggling golf courses do with their unexpected revenue? Assistant Editor Casey Bannon connects with Bardwell to go beyond the reporting of the piece, and further the conversation on what's next for golf.

With Aronimink Golf Club set to host the KPMG Ladies PGA Championship, Tom Coyne and Casey Bannon pay the Donald Ross blue-chipper a visit in search of the real stories behind two of golf’s most under-appreciated characters: John Shippen and John McDermott. As it quickly becomes apparent, you can’t talk about America’s first Black golf professional and caddie-turned-U.S. Open-champion without the ‘Mink. 

The USGA Museum has been closed to the public for months. But that didn’t stop TGJ Senior Writer and podcast host Tom Coyne from finagling an all-access tour in preparation for the U.S. Open at Winged Foot. Alongside Museum Director Hilary Cronhim, he finds Mickey Wright’s jewelry, the original sheet music to Winged Foot’s fight song (because every course should have a fight song),  the most clutch putter of all time, and a vault holding some of golf’s most valuable artifacts. 

“I’ve always said that if other architects would stay out of Virginia, then I’d stay out of their states too.” After a late introduction to the golf design game, Lester George has made good on his promise to dominate the Dominion state. His in-state roster now consists of top-100 projects like Kinloch, the quietly explosive Langley Air Force Base, and the mindbender at Ballyhack. And that’s where he crashes our 2020 Broken Tee 2-Man to discuss how the military shaped his eye for topography, his affinity for surfing despite never hopping on a board, unloading his car collection and an upcoming Seth Raynor project. 

Charles Lindsay describes himself as “a conceptual artist-adventurer, whose work synthesizes ideas about technology, time, eco-systems, and semiotics.” And he believes playing a ton of golf falls into that description. Lindsay joins host Tom Coyne for a wide-ranging discussion on golf’s relationship with hunting, the search for extraterrestrials, becoming unlikely playing partners with John Updike and how he created the book of hilarious golf images that are featured in TGJ No. 12. 

Ken Wang has a degree in economics from MIT, is the brother of fashion designer Vera Wang, and, most important to us, is the founder/owner of the Pete Dye-designed Pound Ridge Golf Club in New York. He joins Tom Coyne to discuss his fervent belief in public courses, how Dye got what he wanted in the design, the democratization of the game, and how Vera plays “Bill Clinton golf.”

COVID, cheating, distance debates, course closures and a lack of diversity—golf’s recent news cycle has been gloomy. But it’s not all bad out there. Host Tom Coyne called some folks from around the golf world who have some good news to share. He went beyond the headlines and found the Navajo Nation’s booming dirt course; a staggering drop in suicide rates thanks to the Veterans Golfer’s Association; a little guy’s big time 15-footer; a 50-day Pinehurst trip, and a heartwarming update on Ireland’s Carne Golf Links. Five reminders of why we love this game.

Colton Craig is a 27-year-old golf-course architect and founder of the Perry Maxwell Society. Over the past year he’s quit his apprentice gig, opened his own design firm, visited every Maxwell design in the U.S., and become a first-time father. He unpacks the trials and tribulations of his journey over nine holes at Maxwell's first design, Dornick Hills, with assistant Editor Casey Bannon. 

This is part three of a five-part TGJ Podcast series which chronicles the origin, evolution and inner-workings of The Masters. The series is voiced by David Owen and based on his best-selling book, The Making of the Masters.

Part 3: The Augusta National Invitational Tournament is formed

By 1934, Augusta National is struggling to attract new members and raise the necessary funds to execute the club’s vision. With this in mind, the first annual Augusta National Invitational Tournament is held, and Clifford Roberts must convince Bobby Jones to play in it. In an effort to boost ticket revenue, the traditional three-day event is stretched to four, and Roberts has some strong opinions on how to improve the fan experience. 

A transcript of this episode can be found here.

The Golfer's Journal Podcast is presented by Titleist

The Golfer's Journal is made possible thanks to our members. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here: https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT

You know she teed it up with the men. But there’s still much to learn about Annika Sorenstam’s trailblazing PGA Tour appearance at the 2003 Colonial. Featuring candid interviews with Sorenstam and Aaron Oberholser, along with journalists and marshalls who witnessed it first-hand, host Tom Coyne and TGJ Assistant Editor Casey Bannon re-live the controversial resistance from male and female pros, the electricity on the first tee, the legacy of Sorenstam’s accomplishment, and her shocking four-word declaration that started it all.

Before there was the broken tee, there was the original one. Host Tom Coyne and Assistant Editor Casey Bannon dive into the remarkable life of Dr. George F. Grant—the second African American graduate of Harvard Dental School, and inventor of the wooden golf tee in 1899. 

Ken Kearney went from a decorated Irish amateur player to a career in finance to golf-course architect. For his next big challenge, he wants to shrink the game. 

Contributing Editor D.J. Piehowski makes his return to the TGJ Podcast—reading his thorough TGJ No. 11 profile on the reverse routing at remote Silvies Valley Ranch. Fellow TGJ contributor Neil Schuster joins him to add commentary and context from their homestead into Eastern Oregon’s rugged frontier. 

No place is safe from the ravages of the COVID-19 virus, even host Tom Coyne’s beloved Carne Golf Links on the remote Western coast of Ireland. The shutdown there has left scores unemployed and the course’s future in doubt. Carne chairman Gerry Maguire takes us there as he reads from the personal diary he kept during a week from hell.

Host Tom Coyne serves as our commanding general on this docu-pod exploration of golf through World War II in the 1940s—the last time golf was forced to mark and step away. 

Renowned sports psychologist Dr. Bob Winters returns, this time to answer subscriber questions about golf's new normal. 

This is the 17th Players Championship for TGJ editor and grizzled vet Travis Hill. He gave newbie Casey Bannon one day to find a Sawgrass story he hadn’t heard. Challenge accepted.

Artist. Photographer. Tequila drinker. Soul surfer. Hickory player. Club maker. Linksoul Creative Director Geoff Cunningham refuses to let anyone put him, or the game he loves, in a box. On Ep. 49 of the TGJ Podcast, the man who created TGJ’s Broken Tee logo joins host Tom Coyne for a raw, emotional conversation that explores Cunningham’s career highs and personal lows, but somehow always finds its way back to his center. 

ATTENTION: TGJ Subscribers will be playing Bandon Dunes’ Sheep Ranch masterpiece before it opens to the public. You’re wondering how to get in on this? Publisher Brendon Thomas joins host Tom Coyne to cover everything you need to know.

This is part two of a five-part TGJ Podcast series which chronicles the origin, evolution and inner-workings of The Masters. The series is voiced by David Owen and based on his best-selling book, The Making of the Masters.

Part 2: A deep dive into the design and strategy of Augusta National’s routing

Thanks to his renowned designs at Cypress Point and Pasatiempo, Dr. Alister MacKenzie is hired to build Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts a golf course in Augusta, Georgia. The spectacular success of the project means that every hump, bump and contour is scrutinized. But as the course changes to adapt with modern championship golf, not every tweak is immediately embraced.

A transcript of this episode can be found here: https://glfrsj.nl/MOTM2

The Golfer's Journal Podcast is presented by Titleist

The Golfer's Journal is made possible thanks to our members. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider becoming a member here: https://glfrsj.nl/MembershipsYT

Is a bad day on the course really better than a good day anywhere else? On episode 47 of the TGJ Podcast, host Tom Coyne puts that old adage to its greatest test. First he connects with Shane Bacon to recount his feature in TGJ No. 10, where he got his “teeth kicked in” at Scottsdale National’s Bad Little Nine. We then open the floor to some familiar names and fresh voices to hear their lowest points on the course. Listen in as Fore the Ladies’ Abby Liebenthal, Outside the Cut’s Trey Runkle and more rehash their personal challenge days. 

Where will we play? How much will we pay? How many holes, with what tools and what will we wear? Golf changed in so manys from 2000-2020, which led host Tom Coyne to wonder how the game will look two decades from now. On episode 46, a high-profile collection of experts including journalist Geoff Shackelford, Stanford women’s golf coach Anne Walker, Bandon Dunes architect David McLay Kidd, creative director Andrew Haynes and Streamsong Resort’s Director of Golf Scott Wilson to stare into the crystal ProV1 and predict where the game is headed. 

TGJ No. 10 introduces us to the Ohoopee Match Club—a discreet Georgia playground designed specifically to ignore par. Inspired by this concept, host Tom Coyne taps Ohoopee architect Gil Hanse to understand how the edict to eliminate a target score shaped his design process. Next, Tom dials renowned Scottish Historian Neil Laird to trace the origins of par itself. Finally, TGJ contributor Thomas Young passionately states his case for why golf is more fun without its most familiar scoring system.