This episode is an absolute masterclass in human-centered design, featuring Dr. John Whalen—cognitive scientist, seasoned UX expert, and author of Design for How People Think.

John introduces us to his powerful framework, The Six Minds of UX, which breaks down the complexity of user experience into six distinct cognitive lenses. Whether you’re designing a website, app, service, or physical product, these six minds offer a foolproof checklist to make sure you’re not leaving any critical piece of the human experience behind.

In this episode, we explore:

• What exactly the Six Minds are, and why they matter
• How each mind maps to how people think, feel, and behave
• Real-world stories—from Google Scholar to voice interfaces—showing how the framework drives better design
• The role of expectations, emotion, and memory in digital product success
• How AI is shifting the game for user research and what the future researcher might look like

We also dive into some exciting stuff around synthetic users and dynamic personalization.

If you’ve ever wondered how to make your design work not just beautifully but intelligently, this episode is for you.

Mentioned in this episode:

• John Whalen’s book: Design for How People Think
• Board of Innovation’s work with synthetic users
• The Nielsen Norman Group
• Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman
• Co-Intelligence by Ethan Mollick
• Designing for Behavior Change by Stephen Wendell
• Engaged by Amy Bucher

What does the color of your brand really say about your business? Is there truth behind the popular color psychology charts? In this episode, we cut through the noise and explore the actual science behind color psychology—what it tells us, what it doesn't, and what that means for your branding decisions.

We’ll explore:

• Why some color associations (like “blue = trust”) persist—and whether they hold up under scrutiny
• The surprising cultural roots behind color meanings (hint: pink wasn’t always for girls)
• The science of how color affects our emotions—and where it doesn’t
• What neuroscience reveals about how we really make buying decisions
• Why brand success is about more than just picking the “right” color

You’ll leave this episode with a clear, evidence-based understanding of how to think about color in your brand. 

By the end, you’ll know how to move beyond generic color charts and toward smarter, science-backed design choices.

Today on The Design Psychologist, we're diving deep into the intersection of psychology and design with none other than Susan Weinschenk, PhD—the person you’ll literally find next to the term “design psychologist” in the dictionary.  Susan is a pioneer in applying behavioral science to UX and product design, and the author of essential books like How to Get People to Do Stuff and 100 Things Every Designer Needs to Know About People. 

In this conversation, we explore Susan's journey from psychology to design, how human factors evolved into today’s UX, and why understanding the three parts of the brain is crucial for anyone building products. 

You’ll also hear us unpack:

• Why emotional and unconscious processing drives most user behavior
•  Why dopamine isn't about pleasure—but about anticipation
• What most designers get wrong about memory and readability
• The neuroscience of storytelling and why it matters for websites, apps, and products
• The psychology behind gamification—and what truly motivates users
• Why stories are essential in product and communication design
•  Why every UX decision should start with a “micro-moment” 

Resources Mentioned:

• 100 Things Every Designer Needs to Know About People and 100 MORE Things Every Designer Needs To Know About People  by Susan Weinschenk
• Neuro Web Design: What Makes Them Click?  (2nd Edition) by Susan Weinschenk
• Redirect by Timothy D. Wilson
• Robert Sapolsky’s research on dopamine

Connect with Susan Weinschenk:

• Website
• LinkedIn

Imagine dragging a jammed suitcase through a crowded airport—frustrating, right? Now imagine that same experience happening in your app, your website, or your product design. That’s performance load: the hidden mental and physical effort users endure when your design isn’t working for them.

In this episode, we take our first step into the world of design psychology by exploring the concept of performance load. You’ll learn how cluttered interfaces, too many clicks, and confusing layouts quietly pile up work on your users. And more importantly, you’ll discover how small design shifts can reduce friction and create smoother, more delightful experiences.

You’ll learn:

• What “performance load” really means—and why it matters
• The four types of load: visual, intellectual, memory, and motor
• How to spot friction in your designs before it frustrates your users
• How real organizations like NASA and Dropbox design for ease
• When simplifying a task helps—and when it hurts (especially in education)

By the end of this episode, you’ll see your design not just as a tool, but as a bridge between humans and their goals—and you’ll know how to make that bridge a whole lot easier to cross.

In this teaser episode, host Thomas Watkins introduces The Design Psychologist—a podcast where human behavior meets design. Thomas shares what inspired him to bridge the gap between psychology and design, outlines what listeners can expect in future episodes, and invites you to explore how design shapes our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Whether you're a designer, psychologist, or curious thinker, this show is your gateway into the minds behind meaningful design. 

How do you figure out what features to build into your design?
How do you get those magical insights that actually improve your product—versus just shifting things around?

In this episode, we unpack one key distinction that helps design psychologists and UX researchers choose the right method at the right time: inductive vs. deductive research.

Imagine you have two different ideas for how to design an app for restaurant waitstaff. You think of adding some possible features, like a picture-based layout, or a list of incoming customers.

 So—do you give the waitstaff a prototype of each app version and see which version performs better (deductive research)? Or do you systematically observe the actual waitstaff in action before even deciding which features to build (inductive)?

This choice is about more than methodology—it shapes the kinds of insights you get, and how impactful your design ultimately becomes.

🔍 You’ll learn:

• When inductive research unlocks hidden insights you didn’t even know to look for
• Why deductive research is great for making clear decisions—fast
• How your design phase should guide your research method
• What to consider when you're short on time or budget
• And how to avoid a common trap: testing too early

By the end, you’ll know how to orient your research approach based on where you are in the design journey—so you can uncover insights that actually move the needle.

In this episode, Thomas interviews Dr. Chris Wickens, a pioneer in cognitive engineering and human factors, and they discuss how designers can reduce errors and enhance decision-making when lives are on the line. They delve into the high-stakes world of design psychology for critical environments—think operating rooms, airplane cockpits, and military control systems. 

Together, they explore the real science of attention, what causes overload and confusion in high-pressure moments, and how augmented reality could revolutionize user interfaces in critical settings. Whether you're designing for surgeons, pilots, or autonomous vehicles, this episode is packed with essential takeaways from decades of research in applied cognitive science.

🔍 In This Episode, You’ll Learn:

• What every designer should know about how human attention actually works
  
  
  
• Why traditional design approaches often fail in high-pressure contexts
  
  
  
• How to reduce cognitive load and prevent life-threatening mistakes
  
  
  
• The surprising ways augmented reality is shaping the future of human-machine interaction
  
  
  
• Lessons from the deep history of human factors and applied psychology

Why do some products feel natural the moment you touch them—while others are baffling from the start? 

In this episode, we explore the psychology of affordances—those subtle cues that tell us what to do next, without saying a word. From door handles to digital apps, we break down how great design speaks directly to human intuition.

You’ll learn:

• The psychological principles that make interfaces feel “just right”
  
  
  
• What Don Norman meant by affordances, signifiers, and anti-affordances
  
  
  
• How to avoid common design traps that confuse users
  
  
  
• Real-world examples that reveal the power of creating an intuitive user experience
  
  

By the end of this episode, you’ll start seeing design in a whole new way—and be ready to create products that people instantly understand.

In this episode of The Design Psychologist, we dive deep into the world of qualitative research and human-centered design with legendary UX thinker Indi Young. 

If you've ever felt like your user interviews only skim the surface—or if you've relied too heavily on personas—you might be missing the most powerful insights. Indi joins us to explore how deep, non-judgmental listening can revolutionize your understanding of users and, ultimately, your design outcomes. 

Together, we tackle questions like:

• What is deep listening, and why is it essential in design research? 
• Why do traditional interviews often fail to uncover what truly drives user behavior? 
• What are thinking styles, and how are they more effective than personas? 
• How can designers move from interpreting behavior to understanding internal reasoning? 

By the end of this episode, you’ll see user research—and your role as a designer—through a completely new lens. You'll be equipped to listen more deeply, think more critically, and create more human-centered solutions.

How many participants do you need to test in order to make valid research claims? In this episode, we dive deep into the science and psychology behind sample sizes in user testing. Whether you're working with five users or five hundred, the number you choose can shape the story your research tells—and how credible your findings appear to stakeholders.

• Why sample size is one of the most misunderstood elements in product research
• The psychological impact of “too few” vs. “just enough” users in high-stakes design reviews
• Whether the popular idea that "you only need to test five users" is a myth or a useful research guideline
• How to determine the right number of participants based on your research goals

By the end of this episode, you’ll have a clearer, more confident approach to choosing sample sizes. This will help you create better, more intuitive, and scientifically sound designs.

Ever wonder how certain products feel inevitable the moment they appear—rearranging entire markets overnight? In this episode of The Design Psychologist, Thomas sits down with UX pioneer Larry Marine to unpack the mechanics of truly disruptive research—the kind that yields insights so fundamental they can’t be unseen.

Most teams unknowingly skip a handful of critical research steps, blinding themselves to the knowledge that changes everything. Larry shows us how treating users, tasks, and entire processes as flows of knowledge reframes both what you look for and what you ultimately build. Along the way we probe why familiar tools like personas sometimes help—and sometimes hurt—and how principles from cognitive science give sharper edges to every question we ask. 

🔍 You’ll learn 

• What makes research “disruptive.” Why some methods surface game-changing insights while standard approaches miss them.
• The critical steps most teams skip. How a small shift early on can rewrite both your findings and your final design.
• Knowledge-centric mapping. Viewing users and processes through the lens of knowledge—revealing needs that action-based models overlook.
• Where personas really belong. When they clarify design decisions and when they get in the way.
• Cognitive science in practice. Concrete ways to align products with how people actually think and behave.
• A self-audit toolkit. Practical prompts to evaluate (and radically improve) your current research workflow. 

Whether you’re launching a start-up or steering a mature product team, this conversation arms you with a sharper lens and actionable tools to uncover deeper, more market-shaking insights—before someone else does.

How much can you trust what users tell you?

In this solo episode, we dive into one of the most slippery yet essential tools in UX research: self-reporting. From interviews to surveys, self-reports are everywhere—but they come with hidden psychological traps.

We explore:

• Why self-reported data can be both useful and misleading
• The psychological reasons people often misrepresent their own behavior
• When to trust what users say—and when to dig deeper
• The subtle difference between described and observed behavior

If you’ve ever relied on user quotes to justify a design decision—or been burned by data that didn’t translate to real-world outcomes—this episode will give you a sharper lens for interpreting what users say versus what they do.

Tune in to sharpen your research instincts and make your design decisions more psychologically grounded.

Explaining an abstract idea can feel easy—until you put pen to paper. In this episode, our host sits down with Stephen P. Anderson to unpack the craft of turning complex concepts into clear, memorable visuals. Together they dig into the challenges of sketching an org chart, mapping a process, or nailing a scientific metaphor—and ask what really separates a helpful illustration from a confusing one. 

You’ll hear them explore: 

• Why visualizing a concept (not just data) often stalls once you start drawing
• Whether effective illustration relies on a repeatable method or innate talent
• How to test if you’ve chosen the right metaphor—and what happens if you haven’t
• Ways visual collaboration can pull teams out of creative ruts
• How embodied cognition reframes our approach to concept visualization 

By the end, you’ll have practical, psychologically informed questions to guide your next sketch—so your ideas land the way you intend.

What happens when your design asks users to make too many choices? In this solo episode, we explore a deceptively simple principle with massive implications for user experience: Hick’s Law.

This law explains why more options mean more decision time—and why that’s not always a good thing.

From cluttered navigation to bloated dropdowns, we’ll break down how cognitive overload quietly slows users down. You'll learn when reducing choices helps, when it hurts, and how to use psychological insights to guide your interface design decisions.

By understanding Hick’s Law, you’ll learn how to make your interface feel faster, smarter, and more intuitive to use.

Why is it so hard to know whether people want to use what we design—not just whether they can?

Design research can (and should) go far beyond basic task success. Our guest Bill Albert joins us to show how to expand our measurement toolbox.

By learning to measure desirability, emotion, and true engagement, we unlock clearer insights, align teams faster, and invest only in ideas that will actually resonate.

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

• Usability vs. desirability — why the distinction matters
  
  
  
• Quantifying emotion in UX: from frustration to delight
  
  
  
• Defining “engagement” (and the right ways to track it)
  
  
  
• Physiological tools in practice: galvanic skin response & eye-tracking
  
  
  
• Experience economy metrics — what today’s products must capture

In this episode, we uncover how the order in which information is presented affects what users remember—and what they forget. From the “primacy effect” that gives early items a cognitive boost, to the “recency effect” that gives the last ones staying power, you'll learn how sequence can make or break a design.

We explore:

• Why we remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle ones
• Why many designers mistakenly apply memory principles to visual design when they should be focusing on attention
• The difference between designing for memory and designing for attention

Whether you're designing a pitch, a product tour, or just organizing content, understanding the serial position effect helps you make your message stick where it matters most.

Why is it so hard to change behavior—even when people already know exactly what to do?

Design your next learning experience so people don’t just understand what to do— they actually do it.

By uncovering the psychology behind the knowing–doing gap, you’ll gain practical tools to move your audience from passive understanding to sustained action.

Our guest, Julie Dirksen, has spent two decades helping organizations design training and products that lead to measurable behavior change. 

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

Why does information alone rarely shift behavior?

What alternative ingredients turn knowledge into action?

How do motivation, context, and habit interact?

What is the elephant–rider model, and how does it reframe design?

Which practical tactics help learners “walk new paths” instead of retreading old ones? 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Behavior change is not the same as knowledge transfer—information is necessary but never sufficient.

Design for the elephant (emotions and habits) as well as the rider (rational mind).

Reduce friction and increase repetition so the desired action is easier than the default.

Shape context—alter environments so the right choice is the obvious choice.

Layer motivation and support with rewards, social proof, and timely prompts.

Have you ever noticed how an unfinished task — or a cliffhanger at the end of a show — keeps tugging at your attention?

How can the Zeigarnik effect’s lingering cognitive tension help us design products, services, and experiences that people actually come back to and complete?

When you learn to harness the motivational pull of “unfinished business,” you can turn mundane flows into engaging journeys and guide users toward the outcomes that matter.
 We explore why interruptions strengthen memory, and how designers can translate that insight into progress indicators, cliffhangers, and gentle nudges that drive completion. 

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

• What exactly is the Zeigarnik effect, and how did a Soviet psychologist discover it?
• Why do incomplete or interrupted tasks stay fresher in memory than those we’ve finished?
• How can we use progress bars, checklists, and multi‑step flows to leverage this effect?
• Where do cliffhangers shine in learning experiences and content design?
• When does the tension of “unfinished” backfire — and how can we avoid creating frustration?
• Practical tips for highlighting next steps, surfacing partially completed work, and prompting return visits. 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• Incomplete tasks create cognitive tension that keeps the goal top‑of‑mind until it’s resolved.
 • Surface that tension: show users where they left off, how close they are to done, or what’s still missing.
 • Use visual progress cues (percentages, steps, checkmarks) to make completion feel imminent and achievable.
 • Strategic interruptions — like well‑placed cliffhangers or mid‑flow saves — can boost later recall and re‑engagement.
 • Balance is key: too much friction or ambiguity can turn motivating tension into annoyance.

What’s the best way to choose how you’ll teach something so it actually sticks?

Design your next lesson so learners don’t just follow along—they understand, remember, and apply their new skills.

By grounding your instruction in Cognitive Load Theory, you’ll gain a practical compass for sequencing content, trimming unnecessary load, and accelerating real mastery.

Our guest, Dr. John Sweller, pioneered Cognitive Load Theory during more than four decades as Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of New South Wales. His research has reshaped classrooms, training programs, and learning technologies worldwide.

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

• Why learners often absorb less when they start by solving problems—and what to do instead
• The expertise‑reversal effect: why novices and experts need opposite instructional treatments
• How to recognize when learners look active but aren’t actually learning
• The modality, split‑attention, and redundancy effects—and how they guide interface and content design

Practical ways to balance intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load so learners stay challenged without being overwhelmed

What shapes the memory of an experience, and how can designers use that insight to create better, more human-centered products?

Design more memorable and emotionally resonant experiences by understanding how people actually remember what they go through. It turns out we do not remember experiences by their length, but by their intensity and how they end.

By uncovering the psychological principle known as the peak-end rule, you will learn how to shape experiences that stand out in people’s minds, leading to better outcomes and more impactful design. 

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

• Why do we forget most of what we live through?
• What is the peak-end rule, and how does it influence memory?
• Why do people sometimes prefer longer discomfort over shorter pain?
• Should designers focus on the peaks and endings of an experience instead of the whole journey?
• Which types of experiences are a poor fit for the peak-end rule?
• How do memory and actual experience compare when it comes to decision-making?
• What are the two different selves described in happiness research, and how do they shape our reactions? 

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• The peak-end rule suggests we remember the most intense moment and the ending of an experience. Most of the rest fades from memory.
• Designers cannot control every moment, but they can influence how an experience is remembered.
• This principle is especially helpful when designing uncomfortable or tedious processes. A well-placed positive moment or thoughtful ending can shift how the whole experience is recalled.
• Duration neglect means people do not remember how long something lasted, only how it felt at key moments.
• The remembering self often outweighs the experiencing self when people decide whether to repeat an experience.
• Linear experiences like onboarding flows or customer service calls are ideal candidates for applying the peak-end rule. More complex or non-linear experiences, such as websites or productivity apps, may require different strategies.

What’s the real impact of service design on customer experiences?

In this episode of The Design Psychologist, host Thomas talks with service design expert Marc Stickdorn, PhD, author of "This is Service Design Doing," about the evolution and holistic nature of service design. 

They discuss the importance of community involvement and collaboration in shaping effective strategies and enhancing user interactions across various touchpoints.

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE: 

- The role of community contributions in redefining service design.

- Examples of service design addressing real-world challenges, like improving grocery store experiences.

- Integrating digital transformation for cohesive customer interactions.

- Strategies to bridge organizational silos for better engagement.

- The importance of prototyping and feedback in the iterative design process.

- Adapting service design methodologies to navigate a VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) landscape.

What is the sweet spot between new and familiar, and how do you design for it?

Create products that feel groundbreaking and instantly intuitive by applying the psychology of the MAYA Principle.

By unpacking how humans respond to familiarity and novelty, you’ll gain practical guidance for designing experiences that spark excitement without overwhelming users.

WHAT WE COVER IN THIS EPISODE

• What is the MAYA Principle, and why does it matter for product and experience design?
• How do familiarity and novelty interact to shape user adoption?
• Why did products like the iPad feel revolutionary and intuitive to use?
• When should you release a big innovation versus gradually introducing features?
• How psychological barriers like loss aversion affect how people receive new ideas.
• How designers can pace innovation to keep users comfortable and engaged.
  
  
  

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• The MAYA Principle stands for "Most Advanced Yet Acceptable"—a formula for balancing innovation with usability.
• People adopt new ideas more readily when they resemble something they already understand.
• Successful products often anchor new concepts in familiar mental models (e.g., Uber reimagined the taxi).
• Understand your audience: tech-savvy users tolerate faster change than general users.
• Manage the speed of innovation—disruptive or incremental—based on what your users can handle.
• Incorporate user feedback early and often to gauge readiness and reduce risk.
• Frame change as a gain, not a loss, to overcome psychological resistance like loss aversion.
• Design psychology empowers us to bridge users into the future—delighting without alienating them.

Why are games so deeply engaging? What psychological principles make game design such a powerful tool for shaping attention, emotion, and learning?

Game design is not a niche skill. It's one of the most refined disciplines we have for designing attention, emotion, and motivation. If you're designing anything for people, game design can sharpen your craft.

 This episode reveals how the craft of game design can teach us to build more immersive, emotionally resonant experiences. Whether you're designing products, learning experiences, or interactive systems, the lessons from games can help you design for joy, focus, and transformation.

About Our Guest:
Jesse Schell is a legendary figure in game design. He’s designed games for Disney, pioneered virtual reality, built theme park attractions, created award-winning educational games, and teaches at Carnegie Mellon’s Entertainment Technology Center. His book, The Art of Game Design, is one of the most widely recommended texts in the field.

What You'll Hear:

• Why game designers focus on creating experiences, not just products
• The surprising power of introspection in understanding users
• How "toy-first" thinking leads to more meaningful play
• The science behind flow and how it keeps players engaged
• How to use emotional arcs and tension-release patterns in your designs
• Why gamification often fails—and what to do instead
• The psychology of challenge, curiosity, and fun
• What designers in other fields can borrow from games

Questions Explored:

• What is the difference between a toy and a game?
• How do we design for emotional resonance?
• Can introspection really be a reliable design method?
• What does it mean to balance choices and desires?
• Why is iteration crucial to creating fun?

Key Takeaways:

• Games are machines for generating experiences. That means the psychology of the player is central to every design decision.
• Designers must understand not just what people do—but why they feel, focus, and engage.
• Play is not trivial. It's one of the most powerful modes of learning and transformation.
• Flow, balance, and emotional arcs aren't just game design tools—they're experience design tools.

To make things more engaging, don’t just "gamify"—design for meaningful engagement.