Explore every episode of the podcast Side Notes by Zerodha Varsity

Dive into the complete episode list for Side Notes by Zerodha Varsity. Each episode is cataloged with detailed descriptions, making it easy to find and explore specific topics. Keep track of all episodes from your favorite podcast and never miss a moment of insightful content.

	Title	Pub. Date	Duration
	Sumitomo Copper Scandal - How one trader cornered the world's copper market?	29 Apr 2025	00:08:57
Around the 1990s, Yasuo Hamanaka of Sumitomo Corporation came to control 5% of the world's copper. He used various unscrupulous means, such as fake trades, forged documents, and hoarding, to manipulate global copper prices. Then, a twist came with the resurgence of copper mining in China. Sumitomo lost USD 2.6 billion when the scam was uncovered in 1996. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Salomon Brothers Scandal and how Warren Buffett handled it	22 Apr 2025	00:09:16
Salomon Brothers was one of the largest investment banks in the US in the 1970s and 1980s. It was the first bank to sell mortgage-backed securities. The head of the government bond trading desk at Salomon had figured out a way to scam the Fed's treasury auctions. When the scam surfaced, the Fed and the SEC were both determined to bring down Salomon, but Warren Buffett stepped in to help find the culprit and keep the bank running. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Bernie Madoff's big fat Ponzi scheme - How was it discovered?	15 Apr 2025	00:09:35
Bernie Madoff ran an investment management firm that was not open to all - it was an invite-only club. That is what made it aspirational. Many investors saw it as a sign of status if they got to invest with Madoff. But no one knew that Madoff was not investing their money; he was just running a Ponzi scheme that lost investors a massive $65 billion. How did he pull it off? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Lijjat Papad - How a group of 45,000 women swiftly run a pan-India organization?	08 Apr 2025	00:10:18
Seven women from a housing society in South Mumbai started Lijjat Papad in 1959. It started as a co-operative and has since onboarded more than 45,000 member sisters. Interestingly, Lijjat also runs the Sasa brand of detergents and soaps. Lijjat Papad is a masterclass in sustainably managing a large-scale organization that has remained true to its core values, even decades after its establishment. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	How a Rogue Trader caused the collapse of UK-based Barings Bank?	01 Apr 2025	00:08:07
Nick Leeson was a young trader at Barings Bank who was tasked with setting up a trading desk in Singapore. He was an aggressive risk-taker who told small, harmless lies that soon became big enough to bankrupt the bank. He exhibited several behavioral biases that also led him to run a full-fledged scam. When in prison, he wrote a book called Rogue Trader, detailing how he orchestrated the whole scam at Barings. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Reliance has equity reserves of ₹8 lakh crore! How does it use them?	25 Mar 2025	00:06:34
A company usually creates reserves from share premiums and retained earnings. However, not all reserves are liquid. Companies use reserves for various purposes. If not used well, excessive reserves held in cash could be a drag on the company's ROE. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Ryanair offers cheapest airfares and is still the most profitable	18 Mar 2025	00:07:27
Ryanair offers extremely cheap flight tickets in Europe. They sell most tickets for £15 or less, which is roughly ₹1600. You hardly ever find those fares, even in India. Indigo is said to have emulated Ryanair's business model in its early days, but not anymore. So, how does Ryanair make money? What is its business model? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Crazy Eddie - Scams and More Scams	11 Mar 2025	00:09:04
Crazy Eddie was an electronics retailer in New York in the 1970s and 1980s. It was very famous for its catchy TV commercials but soon became infamous for the scams by its founders. This is a crazy tale of how two cousins defrauded their customers, shareholders, insurers, and the government. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Why Jio Financial Services became part of the Nifty 50 index for just 13 days?	04 Mar 2025	00:04:27
Jio Financial Services was spun off from Reliance Industries. Reliance is a part of the Nifty 50 index. Does that make JFS a de facto member of the index? JFS became part of the index for 13 days. What was the reason? Was 13 days too much or too little? You could use the same framework to understand ITC Hotels' inclusion and exclusion in the indices. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Why Airlines are a tough business to crack? Indigo, Jet Airways, Kingfisher and others	28 Feb 2025	00:06:27
Warren Buffett called airlines a cursed sector. Kingfisher, Jet Airways, and Go Air in India, and many other airlines worldwide, have gone out of business. Even Indigo, India's most successful airline so far, suffered losses in four out of the last eight years. Why are airlines such a complicated business? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Friends of Reliance Vs the Bear Cartel of Kolkata	25 Feb 2025	00:05:58
A Kolkata-based group of brokers, often called the bear cartel, was shorting Reliance stock. As the stock was getting hammered, Mr. Dhirubhai Ambani apparently sought help from a group of NRIs to steady the stock price. The tale is dramatic and typical of the time when it happened. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Why Hong Kong lets private banks print its currency?	21 Feb 2025	00:05:29
Hong Kong's central bank does not print its currency. Instead, three private banks are entrusted to print Hong Kong Dollars. This arrangement is as good as handing over the monetary policy to private players. It seems strange, but there is a British-era reason behind it. And guess what? Currency pegging has also worked well in this arrangement! Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	How Harshad Mehta Scam led to many reforms in the Indian markets?	18 Feb 2025	00:05:41
The Harshad Mehta scam of 1992 exposed massive loopholes in India’s banking and stock market systems, leading to a series of crucial financial reforms. Faster adoption of digital banking and dematerialized shares, stricter regulatory oversight, and modernized stock exchanges were all outcomes of the reforms meant to prevent such frauds in the future. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Why mutual funds were suddenly underperforming in 2019?	14 Feb 2025	00:05:00
A SEBI rule in 2019 mandated mutual funds to change how they benchmarked their performance to an index. An understanding of price return (PR) and total return (TR) indices explains how the reported outperformance of mutual funds vanished. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Leverage, ROE, and ROI - Margin Trading and Businesses	11 Feb 2025	00:04:13
Borrowings can amplify your profits as well as losses. The profits earned on borrowed money add to earnings, but losses eat into the equity capital. Interest payments can further hurt equity. It seems like a risk-return dilemma!Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Crude Oil once traded at negative prices - Do you know why?	07 Feb 2025	00:05:10
There came a time around COVID-19 when crude oil prices had fallen below zero. Meaning that you would be paid to take crude oil. It sounds strange, but it did happen. Tune in to know how and why was crude oil trading at negative prices.Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel - Why does HUL sell detergents under different brand names?	04 Feb 2025	00:04:47
HUL has Dove, Lux, Pears, Axe, and Lifebuoy soaps. It has Sunsilk, Clinic Plus, Dove, and other brands of shampoo. HUL is a house of brands with multiple brands in every product category. And did Maruti Suzuki take a leaf out of HUL's brand management book?Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Singapore is the most expensive place to own a car!	31 Jan 2025	00:04:54
You need a Certificate of Entitlement (COE) to own a car in Singapore. COE is very expensive, and you must bid for it in an open auction, thereby adding to the cost of buying a car. Has Singapore made cars expensive on purpose? If yes, why?Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Diseconomies of Scale in Steel Recycling	28 Jan 2025	00:04:26
We know economies of scale - as production increases, the per-unit cost goes down. Diseconomies of scale are the opposite - as production increases, the per-unit cost also rises. But why would that happen?Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Parle-G and Cadbury Dairymilk - Shrinkflation	24 Jan 2025	00:05:42
Do you think today's Cadbury Dairymilk and Parle-G's five-rupee packets are much smaller than those 10-15 years ago? If inflation is the reason, couldn't they increase the packet price instead of reducing their size?Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Why is RBI selling Dollars? The USD-INR Struggle	21 Jan 2025	00:05:34
The RBI sold more than 50 billion dollars between September and December of 2024. Was it a planned course of action? Why would the bank reduce its forex reserves?Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	IL&FS, Essel, and Others - Why NBFCs were failing in 2018-19	17 Jan 2025	00:06:40
NBFCs borrow money from banks and the public to give out loans. They make money by keeping the difference between the interest rate they receive from their customers and the interest rate they pay to their lenders. But something went awry in this arrangement in 2018-19. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Amber Enterprises, Taj, Ultratech Cement - What's common among them?	14 Jan 2025	00:04:50
Amber's revenues are the strongest in the March quarter and the weakest in the June quarter. Taj Hotels sees the weakest quarter in September and the strongest in December. Ultratech Cement witnesses a strong March quarter and the weakest September quarter. Seasonality has got something to do with it, maybe. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Bricks, Nuts and Bolts, Zips and Buttons - businesses without brands	10 Jan 2025	00:04:50
Do you know the brand of bricks in your house? Do you know the brand of zips or buttons on your denims? Do we really care for the nuts and bolts used in our cars? How can one be successful in running such a no-brands business? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Bajaj Auto Vs TVS Motor and Return on Assets	07 Jan 2025	00:04:57
TVS Motor and Bajaj Auto are similar in terms of the size of their revenues and assets. However, TVS has a return on assets of 4%, while Bajaj’s return on assets is almost 20%. Why this difference? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Vedanta paid dividends in excess of earnings	03 Jan 2025	00:06:03
Vedanta Limited has been paying dividends that are in excess of its earnings over the past two years. Why is it doing so? And how can it pay such high dividends? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Parachute Oil, Colgate Toothpaste, & Velvette Shampoo - Packaging Innovations	31 Dec 2024	00:05:28
Velvette's shampoo sachets, Colgate toothpaste tubes with wider openings, and the rounded Parachute oil bottles were all revolutionary innovations in product packaging. These cases show how packaging can solve for affordability, convenience, and even business profitability. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	India and China - Electric heating vs sun drying - Population density	27 Dec 2024	00:04:40
China is the second-most populous country on earth but has a significantly low population density. How is this causing the same sector to behave differently in India and China? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Samsung, Apple, TSMC, Nvidia, and their PE Ratios	24 Dec 2024	00:05:30
Apple, TSMC, and Nvidia have much higher PE ratios than Samsung despite Samsung competing directly with these players in the global markets. Samsung's revenues and operations are at comparable levels with the others. So, what is holding its PE Ratio back? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Argentina's 287% inflation rate - Cheap money and freebies	20 Dec 2024	00:05:56
In 2024, people in Argentina carried bags or even suitcases filled with money for simple transactions. Inflation was as high as 287%. What structural issues pushed Argentina into a spiral of hyperinflation? What is the country doing now to correct its course? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Was Adani Power charging a country risk premium to Bangladesh?	17 Dec 2024	00:05:02
Risk attracts a premium. A higher price is quoted if there is doubt about a customer's ability to pay up in time. The higher price is because the business wants a premium for assuming the risk. What if there is doubt about a country's ability to pay up? Perhaps that is what Adani Power was concerned about in its power supply deal with Bangladesh. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Cuba, China, Middle East, and Concentration Risk	14 Dec 2024	00:06:41
Cuba is called the sugar bowl of the world, but Brazil and India have overtaken it as the largest sugar producers. Why did Cuba fall back? It seems the Middle East might be taking lessons from such mistakes that Cuba and many other countries have made. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Adani Power, Palantir - Nationalization of Businesses	10 Dec 2024	00:04:32
When Bangladesh struggled to pay power bills, Adani Power cut power power supply to the country by half. Adani could do this because its power generation was being done in India. What would the Bangladesh government have done if Adani Power had a power generation unit in Bangladesh? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Palantir, TSMC, Apple, and their Concentration Risk	06 Dec 2024	00:05:18
Palantir makes about 55% of its revenues from government contracts. That seems to be a lot of dependency on just one customer. Apple also apparently depends heavily on TSMC for semiconductor chips. That seems to be a lot of dependency on just one vendor. Is that a risk? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Torrent Pharma's Constant Currency Growth	03 Dec 2024	00:05:08
Torrent Pharma's Q2FY25 revenues from Brazil were up 4%, but in constant currency terms, the same revenues were up 17%. The concept of constant currency comes up only when the business has operations in multiple countries. But what is the concept of constant currency? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Quality of earnings Vs. Quality of reporting	29 Nov 2024	00:04:41
Bad quality of earnings or reporting may not be unlawful, but is that enough? Why is it important to have good-quality earnings? As an investor, why is transparency in reporting important? And why does it make business sense to have the best quality of earnings? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Dmart, L&T, and their Trade Receivables	26 Nov 2024	00:04:39
Dmart's trade receivables are small, but those of L&T are huge. Is it because of the difference in the nature of their business or the difference in their management? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Warren Buffett's moats and Nestle, Dmart, IRCTC	22 Nov 2024	00:05:50
According to Warren Buffett, Coca-Cola and Apple enjoy economic moats. Coca-Cola’s brand identity is a moat, and Apple’s brand and product design are both moats. Any feature that makes it difficult for the competition to break into an existing business’s market share is called a moat. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	TSMC's business continuity plan in the face of Covid and water shortage	19 Nov 2024	00:06:53
Cybersecurity is mission-critical for TCS and Infosys, tech infrastructure and delivery agents are mission-critical for Zomato and Swiggy, and coal mining is mission-critical for Coal India. Any impact on the mission-critical factors can seriously hamper or even suspend the business. What are the mission-critical elements for TSMC? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Loss leaders of Reliance Mart, Zepto, Blinkit	15 Nov 2024	00:04:35
Retailers, both online and offline, sell many products at a loss. Have you ever come across potatoes or sugar being sold for just 1 rupee per kilo? How do retailers make money if they offer such steep discounts? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	M&M and Tech Mahindra - Rules of Thumb and Exceptions	12 Nov 2024	00:04:36
The gross margins of tech companies are inherently different from those of most manufacturing companies. It is their different nature of business. But come to think of it, what really are the input costs for a technology company? Rules of thumb are good, but there always are "Side Notes." Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Yes Bank - How its market cap has grown despite a decline in stock price?	08 Nov 2024	00:03:57
Yes Bank's investors have lost a little over 70% since a little before the Covid pandemic began. However, its market capitalization has been up 300% since then. Tune in to check out how stock price and the number of outstanding shares influence a stock's market cap. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Zero Promoter Companies - HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, L&T, and ITC	05 Nov 2024	00:06:41
Several listed companies do not have promoters. How do they work? Is there an advantage to being family-run or professionally run? Isn't it difficult to imagine Reliance Industries without the Ambani family or the Adani group without the Adani family? Is there an investment case here? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Infosys weighs heavier than TCS in the Nifty 50 index	01 Nov 2024	00:04:30
Infosys’s market capitalization is about half of TCS’s. However, it has a larger weightage than TCS in the Nifty 50 index. The answer is in the free-float market capitalization of the two IT giants. But what makes their free-float market cap different? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Vodafone and Facebook - Why companies pay in equity?	29 Oct 2024	00:05:12
Vodafone Idea paid some dues for spectrum charges to the government in equity. In its early days, Facebook paid an artist to decorate its headquarters in equity. Why do companies pay in equity? And what sets the respective equity payments of Vodafone and Facebook apart? Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Tata Steel's captive mines and power plants - Backward Integration	24 Oct 2024	00:05:21
Tata Steel's coal mines are captive, but Coal India's are not. What is the difference? Backward integration is suitable for Tata Steel but not for Tata Motors. What is the difference? This episode discusses how strategies must be tailored to industries. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Toyota - Just In Time - Demerits uncovered by the semiconductor industry	24 Oct 2024	00:05:21
Toyota is credited with popularizing the just-in-time inventory management system, which helps save costs and improve efficiencies. However, the semiconductor shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic threw open some cracks in this approach. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Colgate & Nestle - eponym brands and marketing spends	24 Oct 2024	00:06:08
Colgate, Maggi, and Cadbury have become eponym brands or category-definers. Almost everyone knows these brands, but they still continue to spend heavily on advertisements. In fact, marketing is one of the biggest expenditures for consumer companies. This episode details the business case behind it. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.
	Hindustan Aeronautics - High leverage but zero debt	24 Oct 2024	00:04:49
With defense stocks all the rage this year, we came across Hindustan Aeronautics. It has a high leverage, but no debt. Tune in to explore how that is possible. Zerodha Varsity on Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/ X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

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