This is the sixth lesson in Dr. R. Carlton Wynne's Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Calvin's Institutes (Books 1–2). It covers Book 1, Chapters 13–18 of the Institutes of the Christian Religion, addressing the following topics:

0:00 Calvin's Contributions to Trinitarian Theology

6:27 The Bible, Extra-Biblical Language, and the Definition of the Trinity

14:32 The Divinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit

17:52 The Incomprehensible Mystery of the Trinity

20:40 The Aseity of the Son

25:45 Heresies Concerning the Trinity

28:32 God's Works of Creation

34:53 God's Providence

Register for this free on-demand course on our website to access supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than 20 additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/the-theology-of-calvins-institutes-books-1-2/

 Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/

 #johncalvin #calvinism #reformedtheology

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey is joined by a panel of experienced pastors and church planters to discuss the vital role of the ordinary means of grace in church planting. The conversation explores how God’s Word, sacraments, and prayer serve as the primary instruments for planting and growing churches, contrasting these biblical methods with modern consumer-driven and franchise models. Together, they share their personal experiences, challenges, and insights on how a faithful adherence to Reformed theology and practices impacts church planting efforts.

Listeners will gain valuable perspectives on the importance of maintaining theological integrity while engaging in evangelism and community outreach. Whether you’re involved in church planting or simply interested in how the ordinary means of grace shape the life and mission of the church, this episode offers rich theological reflection and practical wisdom.

• Joe Cristman is Pastor/Church Planter of Redeemer Presbyterian Church (PCA) in Lombard, IL.
• Neil Quinn is Senior Pastor of Good Shepherd Presbyterian Church (PCA), in Kalamazoo, MI (a plant of University Reformed Church).
• Chris Hartshorn is Regional Home Missionary for the OPC Presbytery of Southern California.
• Eric Watkins is Director of the Center for Missions and Evangelism at Mid-America Reformed Seminary.

• [00:00:07] Introduction and Welcome
• [00:01:18] Panelist Introductions
• [00:03:33] Reformed Forum Conference Announcement
• [00:05:15] Center for Missions and Evangelism Conference
• [00:07:26] The Shift in Church Planting Models
• [00:09:10] Eric Watkins on Postmodern Consumerism in Church Planting
• [00:12:33] Joe Cristman’s Experience in Lombard
• [00:15:17] Chris Hartshorn’s Journey to Church Planting
• [00:19:22] Neal Quinn on Church Planting in Kalamazoo
• [00:26:39] Generational and Consumer-Driven Church Planting Models
• [00:28:13] Challenges of Church Planting Using Ordinary Means
• [00:29:30] The Power of God’s Word in Church Planting
• [00:34:22] Different Church Planting Models: Mother-Daughter, Parachute, and Core Group
• [00:40:19] Importance of a Local Church Presence
• [00:46:11] The Role of Bible Study in Church Planting
• [00:54:23] Evangelism and Outreach in Church Planting
• [01:05:11] Developing a Culture of Evangelism in the Church
• [01:10:00] Overcoming Challenges in Church Outreach

This is the second lesson in Dr. R. Carlton Wynne's Reformed Academy course, The Theology of Calvin's Institutes (Books 1–2). This lesson covers the following topics:

0:00 Introduction

3:31 Early Life, Family, and Education

13:24 Conversion and the Affair of the Placards

15:46 Basel and the 1536 Edition of the Institutes

19:27 Ministry in Geneva

25:53 Exile to Strasbourg, Marriage, and Trials

30:48 Calvin's Legacy

Register for this free on-demand course on our website to access supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than 20 additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/the-theology-of-calvins-institutes-books-1-2/

 Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/

 #johncalvin #calvinism #reformedtheology

Today, we turn to pages 318–322 of Vos’s Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments to explore the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist. Our goal is to offer a nuanced understanding by identifying both the similarities and differences between John’s baptism of Jesus and the baptisms John performed upon the people.

Vos aims to steer clear of two misconceptions: the first being that Jesus’s baptism and the people’s baptisms were entirely distinct events, and the second that they were essentially the same.

The baptism of Jesus holds dual significance. Firstly, it serves as a public and objective revelation of the Holy Spirit’s glory, manifested as the Spirit descended from heaven onto Jesus.

Secondly, it has a sacramental meaning for Jesus himself, as he received something from the Spirit that furthered his earthly mission, which was a journey of suffering leading to glory.

In addition, we’ll examine the connection between Jesus’s baptism and his role as the Messiah, offering insights into both pneumatology—the study of the Holy Spirit—and eschatology—the study of end times.

Geerhardus Vos develops the ethical elements present during the patriarchal period through a brilliant treatment of circumcision. In this episode, Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey discuss pages 88–90 of Vos's book Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments to shed light on the indicative and imperative dimensions of God's covenantal relationship to his people. In the course of this study, the relationship of circumcision to baptism is developed as both are signs of the righteousness God's people have by faith in Jesus Christ (Rom 4:11–12; cf. Col 2:11–12).

The panel discusses Jonathan Edwards's sermon, "A Divine and Supernatural Light" delivered at Northampton and subsequently published in 1734.

Glen Clary walks us through a Reformed order of worship, explaining the Biblical precedent and rationale for elements such as a call to worship, invocation, different types of prayer, the Word, sacraments, and the benediction.

Today we discuss the genealogy found in Genesis 4:16-22.  In it, we see the realization that God will put enmity between the two lines mentioned in Genesis 3:15 and how those two lines will develop two antithetical forms of civilization.

Dr. David Graves demonstrates how Jesus as the once-for-all sacrifice satisfies the demands of God's justice shown throughout Leviticus.

Nathan P. Shannon discusses his book Shalom and the Ethics of Belief.

Glen Clary explains the regulative principle of worship, a constitutive part of Reformed liturgical practice.

Dane Ortlund joins us to speak about Jonathan Edwards theology of the Christian life.

A discussion of a sermon by Jonathan Edwards circa 1747.

Samuel Renihan speaks about the important though neglected doctrine of divine impassibility and introduces us to a reader, which he edited, titled God without Passions.

This week on Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob discuss Louis Berkhof’s little book, Summary of Christian Doctrine. We turn to chapter XIX, Calling and Regeneration. This week we discuss the doctrine of calling, general and effectual.

Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey discuss pp. 81–87 of Geerhardus Vos's book Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments.

We recap the goings on at The Gospel Coalition 2015 National Conference in Orlando, Florida. The conference was titled Coming Home and focused on eschatology and the New Heavens and New Earth. On that note, we also include some clips of Jeff Jue speaking about the eschatological views of the Westminster Divines from Christ the Center 31.

Jeff Waddington compares Alvin Plantinga and Jonathan Edwards on the perennial question regarding the relationship between the intellect and the will in anthropology.

Jeff Waddington, Jim Cassidy, and Camden Bucey discuss the importance of intellectual discipline for cultivating the life of the Christian mind.

Jared Oliphint and Nathan Shannon discuss Brian Leftow's God and Necessity (Oxford University Press). In this volume, Leftow seeks to offer a metaphysic of modality. This leads him into a discussion of necessity and possibility, truth making, God's nature, and divine simplicity. It's a wide-ranging title, but one that offers many important themes for consideration. Dr. Shannon has written a review of the book that will appear soon in the Westminster Theological Journal.

Carl Trueman paints a portrait of Martin Luther through the lens of the Christian life. 

Martin Luther’s historical significance can hardly be overstated. Known as the father of the Protestant Reformation, Luther has had an enormous impact on Western Christianity and culture. In Luther on the Christian Life, historian Carl Trueman introduces readers to the lively Reformer, taking them on a tour of his historical context, theological system, and approach to the Christian life. Whether exploring Luther’s theology of protest, ever-present sense of humor, or misunderstood view of sanctification, this book will help modern readers go deeper in their spiritual walk by learning from one of the great teachers of the faith.

Carlton Wynne takes us on a journey through modern theology as we turn our attention to the theology of Wolfhart Pannenberg.

Vern Poythress explains how the Triune God of the Bible is the foundation for mathematics.

Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey discuss the patriarch Abraham as they turn to pp. 76–81 of Geerhardus Vos's book Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments.

This week on Proclaiming Christ we discuss Cain's brutal murder of Abel and consider this act in light of God's promises made in ch. 3. The brutality and desperation of human nature is uncovered as well as hope for life from the grave.

Genesis 4:8–15: Cain spoke to Abel his brother. And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him. Then the LORD said to Cain, "Where is Abel your brother?" He said, "I do not know; am I my brother's keeper?" And the LORD said, "What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood is crying to me from the ground. And now you are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. When you work the ground, it shall no longer yield to you its strength. You shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth." Cain said to the LORD, "My punishment is greater than I can bear. Behold, you have driven me today away from the ground, and from your face I shall be hidden. I shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me." Then the LORD said to him, "Not so! If anyone kills Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold." And the LORD put a mark on Cain, lest any who found him should attack him." (English Standard Version)

This is an audio podcast of “Introduction to the Westminster Shorter Catechism,” taught by Dr. James J. Cassidy. Videos of each lesson including Spanish and Chinese subtitles are available for free online at reformedforum.org.

Dr. Cassidy is the pastor of South Austin Presbyterian Church. He graduated in 2014 from Westminster Theological Seminary with the Ph.D in systematic theology writing on the theology of Karl Barth. He is the author of God’s Time For Us: Barth on the Reconciliation of Eternity and Time in Jesus Christ (Lexham Press).

If you’re excited about this theology and want to enable people around the world to watch and listen to these free resources, please visit https://reformedforum.org/donate to provide your support.

Q. 16. Did all mankind fall in Adam’s first transgression?
A. The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.

Michael Allen and Scott Swain discuss whether Christians and churches be both catholic and Reformed. In their book Reformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation (Baker Academic), Allen and Swain suggest Reformed Christians can commit not only to the ultimate authority of Scripture but also to receiving Scripture within the context of the apostolic church. This manifesto presents a case that to be Reformed means to go deeper into true catholicity rather than away from it. At the same time, it means holding fast to sola Scriptura.

Michael Allen is Associate Professor of Systematic and Historical Theology and Dean of Students and Scott Swain is Associate Professor of Systematic Theology and Academic Dean at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida.

This week on Proclaiming Christ we discuss the different offerings that Cain and Able bring to the Lord, and we look at the theological significance of those offerings.

Genesis 3:20–24: Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, "I have gotten a man with the help of the LORD." And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain a worker of the ground. In the course of time Cain brought to the LORD an offering of the fruit of the ground, and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the LORD had regard for Abel and his offering, but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. So Cain was very angry, and his face fell. The LORD said to Cain, "Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen? If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin is crouching at the door. Its desire is for you, but you must rule over it." (English Standard Version)

Throughout history, Genesis 6 has puzzled Bible interpreters. Who are the sons of God? Are they human royalty? Angelic beings? Demons? And who are the daughters of men? Did the union of these two produce demigod offspring who would plague the land? Rita F. Cefalu joins us to bring clarity to this discussion. Ms. Cefalu has written an excellent article, "Royal Priestly Heirs to the Restoration Promise of Genesis 3:15: A Biblical Theological Perspective on the Sons of God in Genesis 6" published in the Westminster Theological Journal. Building upon Meredith Kline, but offering her own interpretation on the matter, Ms. Cefalu provides a thorough and compelling treatment of this difficult passage.

Ms. Cefalu is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of San Diego. She is a graduate of Westminster Seminary California (MA Theological Studies), Wheaton Graduate School, and a PhD candidate at Queens University Belfast.

6:1 When man began to multiply on the face of the land and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of man were attractive. And they took as their wives any they chose. 3 Then the Lord said, “My Spirit shall not abide in man forever, for he is flesh: his days shall be 120 years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of man and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men who were of old, the men of renown. (Genesis 6:1–4, English Standard Version)

Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey speak about theophanies before turning  to pages 72–76 of Geerhardus Vos's Biblical Theology to speak about the Angel of Jehovah, or the Angel of the Lord. The presence of the Angel punctuates epochal moments in covenant history, and his presence is critical during the patriarchal period. Camden's article, "The Lord and His Messengers: Toward a Trinitarian Interpretation of Malachi 3:1–4," which was mentioned during the program, was published in The Confessional Presbyterian, Volume 7 (2011).

Jim Cassidy, Glen Clary, and Camden Bucey peruse the tenth edition of the Confessional Presbyterian Journal. While they discuss the general contents of the issue, Glen Clary also speaks in some depth about his book on Reformed liturgy and the nature of the Church.

Donald Macleod brings decades of preaching and teaching to this conversation regarding the atonement. Dr. Macleod has written a superb book on the subject titled Christ Crucified: Understanding the Atonement (IVP Academic).

Jim Cassidy sits down with John Shaw to speak about Reformed church planting. Rev. Shaw is the General Secretary for the Committee on Home Missions and Church Extension in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.

Nathaniel Gray Sutanto reexamines the argument from consciousness as he offers a covenantal apologetic crticism of common-sense realism.

Building upon Geerhardus Vos's foundational essay "The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit" Dr. Lane Tipton develops the role of the Spirit with regard to redemptive history, the law and soteriology. Vos remarks that the core of Paul’s eschatology lies in the sphere of the Spirit. The Spirit, given to the resurrected Christ, inaugurates the eschatological age of the world to come. This world to come is realized climactically in the resurrection of Christ as the firstfruits of the one great resurrection of harvest in the Spirit.

Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey open the beginning portion of the seventh chapter in Vos's Biblical Theology looking at Biblical criticism and theophany.

We welcome John Muether and Danny Olinger to discuss the sixth and final chapter of Machen's classic book, Christianity and Liberalism. In this chapter, J. Gresham Machen explores the differences between the liberal and Christian views of salvation. He argues that liberalism finds salvation in man, while Christianity finds it in an act of God. Machen critiques the moral influence theory of the atonement, which denies the substitutionary character of Christ's death and the wrath of God. In contrast, he emphasizes the need for a propitiation for sin and the centrality of the cross of Christ in the Christian view of salvation.

Machen concludes that the doctrine of salvation is essential to the Christian faith and that liberalism and Christianity are fundamentally incompatible on this question. The chapter provides a clear and detailed analysis of the theological and biblical foundations of the Christian view of salvation, and highlights the importance of this doctrine for the Christian life.

In our final episode of the year, we take a look back at some of the best moments of 2014.

Jeff Waddington introduces several new and recent books includes titles on Junius, Jonathan Edwards, and Cornelius Van Til.

Jared Oliphint reviews Beyond the Control of God? Six Views on the Problem of God and Abstract Objects edited by Paul Gould.

Bruce Baugus speaks about the history and current state of missions in China with a focus on Reformed ecclesiology.

Gregg Allison provides a helpful overview of official Roman Catholic teaching with the goal of helping evangelicals to understand the Catholic Church more deeply and accurately.

Jim Cassidy reviews Two Views on the Doctrine of the Trinity (Zondervan) Stephen Holmes, Paul Molnar, Thomas McCall, and Paul Fiddes.

Jim Cassidy reviews Biblical Theology: The Common Grace Covenants by Jeffrey Niehaus (Weaver Book Company).

Jim Cassidy reviews Grounded in the Gospel: Building Believers the Old-Fashioned Way by J.I. Packer and Gary Parrett published by Baker Books.

Jim Cassidy and Camden Bucey introduce books by Jordan Cooper, Gregg Allison, and several other authors and editors.

This is an audio podcast of “Introduction to the Westminster Shorter Catechism,” taught by Dr. James J. Cassidy. Videos of each lesson including Spanish and Chinese subtitles are available for free online at reformedforum.org.

Dr. Cassidy is the pastor of South Austin Presbyterian Church. He graduated in 2014 from Westminster Theological Seminary with the Ph.D in systematic theology writing on the theology of Karl Barth. He is the author of God’s Time For Us: Barth on the Reconciliation of Eternity and Time in Jesus Christ (Lexham Press).

If you’re excited about this theology and want to enable people around the world to watch and listen to these free resources, please visit https://reformedforum.org/donate to provide your support.

Q. 15. What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?
A. The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created was their eating the forbidden fruit.

We open the book of Hebrews briefly addressing its authorship, Christology, covenantal theology, and the difficult question of apostasy.

Vern Poythress presents a God-centered approach to life's big questions as he leads us through his book Redeeming Philosophy (Crossway).