Genetic testing is a useful tool for any practising neurologist, but they must know how to interpret the results. This Editors' Choice podcast features two experts on the subject, Prof. Mary Reilly¹ and Dr. Christopher Record¹. They're in the studio to talk through their paper, covering the technology of genome sequencing itself, testing strategies, clinical use cases, and the constant changes in this developing field.

Read the paper:

Lessons and pitfalls of whole genome sequencing

1. Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest episodes. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

This episode was hosted by PN's podcast editor Dr. Amy Ross Russell. Production by Letícia Amorim, Brian O'Toole, and Amy Ross Russell. Editing by Brian O'Toole.

Journal editors Prof. Philip Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller discuss the August 2024 issue of Practical Neurology, with room for mystery, history and practical advice. In particular, they cover topics like whole genome sequencing, foot surgery for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, safe prescribing in steroids, and fertility treatment for the epileptic. There are also good reasons for dusting off the old optokinetic nystagmus drum, and a touching story of neuro palliative care.

Read the Highlights - https://pn.bmj.com/content/24/4/261 - and the full issue - https://pn.bmj.com/content/24/4.

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

Journal editors Prof. Philip Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller discuss the February 2024 issue of Practical Neurology, covering some of the interesting articles published this month. The papers discussed touch on the use of electroencephalography (EEG) for encephalopathies, neurologists' role in the integration of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in treatment, key signs to look for in walking patients, and how rising temperatures due to climate change may affect our brains. The final topic of conversation is book clubs, including a cunning tip for boosting your attendance figures.

Read the issue: https://pn.bmj.com/content/24/1

Further listening: Climate change and the brain, with Prof. Sanjay Sisodiya

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

In the first case this episode, a 69-yo woman has developed severe pain around her right eye with blurring to the vision on that side (1:08), which prompts use of a "rediscovered" treatment technique by the ophthalmology department - (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/6/527).

The second case (15:23) is that of a 45-yo man with progressive pain in his lower limbs, hyperaesthesia and then weakness, who was initially diagnosed with meralgia paraesthetica by tele-medicine examination - (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/6/516).

The case reports discussion is hosted by Prof. Martin Turner (1), who is joined by Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3), for a group examination of the features of each presentation, followed by a step-by-step walkthrough of how the diagnosis was made. These case reports and many others can be found in the December 2023 issue of the journal.

(1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital.  Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening. 

With artificial intelligence (AI) being declared the solution to many of the challenges faced in our personal and professional lives, Prof. James Teo (1) joins the podcast to set us straight on where AI tools fit into neurological practice. This discussion follows the publication of the December 2023 Editors' Choice paper, "Artificial intelligence (AI) for neurologists: do digital neurones dream of electric sheep?" (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/6/476)

(1) Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

The PN Editors' Choice podcast is hosted by Dr. Amy Ross Russell, and produced and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

In this extra episode of the PN podcast, recorded to coincide with the COP28 summit, podcast editor Dr. Amy Ross-Russell (1) speaks to Prof. Sanjay Sisodiya (2) about his paper, "The hot brain: Practical climate change advice for neurologists". They discuss the role that neurologists have to play in treating and guiding patients as they find themselves exposed to shifts in their habitual climate.

Read the paper: https://pn.bmj.com/content/early/2023/11/10/pn-2023-003777  (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the December 2023 issue of the journal - https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/6/461 

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

Prof. Martin Turner (1) hosts Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3), as they puzzle through two Case Reports from the latest issue of the Practical Neurology journal. The first case (1:11) is one of a 27-yo man, whose initial presentation suggests a form of multiple sclerosis, but turns out to be something more rare - (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/5/414). The second case (19:16) is that of a 59-yo woman, with a two month history of progressive confusion and gait difficulty against a background of schizophrenia - (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/5/453). 

Additional reading:

Practical approach to the diagnosis of adult-onset leukodystrophies: an updated guide in the genomic era -  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/90/5/543 (1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital.  Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening. 

Dr. Amy Ross Russell (1) is joined by Dr. Desmond Kidd (2) to discuss the paper “Neurological involvement by Behçet’s syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and outcome”.

Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/5/386) and the October print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by the Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://pnbmj.podbean.com/e/editors-highlights-of-the-october-2023-issue/

(1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK

(2) Behçet's Syndrome Centre of Excellence, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK (https://www.behcets.nhs.uk)

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the October 2023 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/5/365).

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).  The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

In the third episode of this new series of the Practical Neurology podcast, Prof. Martin Turner (1) hosts Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3) in a discussion of two Case Reports from the latest issue of the Practical Neurology journal. The first case (0:36) is one of a 78-yo man with variable slurring speech and swallowing difficulties - "Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration in symptomatic palatal tremor" (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/4/346). The second case (19:21) is a first-person report from the "Me and My Neurological Illness" section, with a 56-yo man living with Parkinson's getting into difficulty while swimming in open water - "Near-drowning in Parkinson’s disease: common or uncommon?" (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/4/354).  (1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital.  Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening. 

Dr. Amy Ross Russell (1) is joined by the authors of the paper “First-line immunosuppression in neuromuscular diseases”, Dr Michael Foster, Prof Michael Lunn, Dr Aisling Carr (2).

Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/4/327) and the August print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by the Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://pnbmj.podbean.com/e/editors-highlights-of-the-august-2023-issue/

(1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK

(2) UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Two highly unusual cases in this edition of Case Reports. The first case describes a 64-yo woman presenting to the emergency department with a five day history of bizarre behaviours (1:45). A BBC radio show prompts her, out of character, to reflect aloud about her childhood, and she experiences recurrent periods of unresponsiveness followed by intense agitation. She was kept in hospital for scans and discharged after two weeks, but returned soon after with a similar presentation - (link)

A lifetime bodybuilder is the patient in the second case (21:12), with a practice of anabolic steroid injection over several decades. He presents with a three year history of unsteadiness when walking and tingling in his feet, as well as reduced dexterity. His symptoms are found to be brought on by a toxicity from an unexpected source - (link)

The case reports discussion is hosted by Prof. Martin Turner (1), who is joined by Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3) for a group examination of the features of each presentation, followed by a step-by-step walkthrough of how the diagnosis was made. These case reports and many others can be found in the June 2024 issue of the journal.

(1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital.  Listen to the JNNP podcast, "Nutritional peripheral neuropathies, with Dr. Alexander Rossor" on Apple (https://apple.co/3WjTmrM), Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4bKOhNA), Web (https://bit.ly/4cYhx4m).

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. This episode was produced and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening. 

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the August 2023 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/4/269).

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).  The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

In the second episode of this new series of the Practical Neurology podcast, Prof. Martin Turner (1) hosts Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3) as they delve into two Case Reports from the latest issue of the Practical Neurology journal. First up this month (0:42) is a young man, presumed suffering from a drug overdose, with symptoms of transient global amnesia. This case is determined to be an example of "Cerebellar Hippocampal and Basal Nuclei Transient Edema with Restricted diffusion (CHANTER) Syndrome" (https://pn.bmj.com/content/early/2023/04/17/pn-2023-003724). Next (13:07) is a young woman with urinary retention and leg paraesthesia over multiple days. Investigations showed this to be "Conus medullaris syndrome as a presenting feature of MOG-associated disease" (https://pn.bmj.com/content/early/2023/01/13/pn-2022-003560). (1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital. Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).    The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell (1) is joined by the authors of "Multiple system atrophy", a review recently published in Practical Neurology. The guests, Dr. Yee Yen Goh (2), and Dr. Viorica Chelban (2), detail the effects of this condition, describe its detection, and provide information on the support that patients can receive. 

Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/3/208) and the June print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by the Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://pnbmj.podbean.com/e/editors-highlights-of-the-june-2023-issue/ 

(1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK

(2) UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the June 2023 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/3).

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).  The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

In this new series of the Practical Neurology podcast, Professor Martin Turner (1) invites Dr Ruth Wood (2) and Dr Xin You Tai (3) to discuss the nitty-gritty details of two Case Reports from the latest issue of the Practical Neurology journal. This month, they start by commenting on a case of a woman in her 70s with renal failure who developed confusion and seizures after receiving aciclovir, and was subsequently diagnosed with aciclovir-induced neurotoxicity (Aciclovir-induced neurotoxicity - https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/2/157). They also talk (starting at 23:05) about an unusual case of an acute posterior spinal artery syndrome in a man in his 60s with vascular risk factors (Posterior spinal artery infarct - https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/2/160). (1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital. Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1) is joined by a selection of the authors of "Toxic neuropathies; a practical approach", a review recently published in Practical Neurology. The guests, Dr. Duncan Smyth(2), Dr. Aisling Carr(3) and Prof. Michael Lunn(3), explain the background to these conditions and describe approaches to treatment and care of toxic neuropathy patients. Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/2/120) and the April print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-april-2023-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Dept. of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, NZ (3) MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology, University College London Hospitals, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the April 2023 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/2/103). Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1) discusses a recently published review by Dr. Christopher Carswell(2) on the historical context of normal pressure hydrocephalus, the challenges faced when dealing with patients, and the current state of clinical evidence for diagnosis and treatment. Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/1/15) and the February print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-february-2023-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the February 2023 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/23/1/1). Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1) discusses a recently published review by Dr. Jeremy Rees(2) and Dr. Michael Kosmin(3) on the subject of radiation therapy on the brain, the history and motivation of its use, and its benefits and limitations. Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/6/450) and the December print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-december-2022-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK (3) Clinical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Neurodegenerative disease is the subject of this month's Editors' Choice podcast, with Dr. Patrick Cullinane¹ and Dr. Zane Jaunmuktane.¹ They join the podcast for an overview of brain examination, explaining the process of protein misfolding, the spread of pathology through the brain, and what new discoveries can tell us about old diseases.

Read the paper: Pathology of neurodegenerative disease for the general neurologist Special thanks to The Podcast Studios Dublin for their assistance with the recording of this episode.

1. Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest episodes. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

This episode was hosted by PN's podcast editor Dr. Amy Ross Russell. Production by Letícia Amorim, Brian O'Toole, and Amy Ross Russell. Editing by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the December 2022 issue of the journal (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/6/445). Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1), interviews Dr. Jon Walters(2) about his recent review of approaches to weakness in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/5/358) and the October print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-october-2022-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Consultant Neurologist, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the October 2022 issue of the journal. Read the highlights: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/5/341. Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1), interviews Dr. Stephen Kirker(2) about his recent paper detailing the use of appropriate orthoses for patients with weakness or abnormal posture of their lower leg, and they discuss the sorts of problems that can be helped in neurological practice and the range of devices commonly used. Read the latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/4/311) and the August print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-august-2022-issue (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Rehab Medicine Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The Practical Neurology podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the August 2022 issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/4/261 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/4 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Dr. Amy Ross Russell(1), interviews Assoc. Prof. Todd Hardy(2) and Dr. James Triplett(3), about their recent paper detailing the clinical approach to diagnosis and management of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/3/183) and the June print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr. Phil Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-june-2022-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast (1) Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK (2) Staff Specialist Neurologist at Concord Hospital, Clinical Associate Professor in Medicine at the University of Sydney, Australia (3) Staff Specialist Neurologist and Neurophysiologist, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole.

Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the June 2022 issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/3/175 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/3 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

Thank you for listening.

Dr Amy Ross Russell, Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, interviews Dr William Diprose, Dept. of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital and Dept. of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Dr Anthony Jordan, Dept. of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Auckland City Hospital, NZ; and Dr Neil Anderson, Dept. of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, NZ about their recent paper reviewing the neurological features of specific autoinflammatory syndromes. Read this latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/2/145) and the April print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr Phil Smith and Dr Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/pn-april-2022-highlights?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the April 2022 issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/2/93 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/2 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

Thank you for listening.

Dr Amy Ross Russell, Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, interviews Dr Sophie Binks and Professor Sarosh Irani, from the Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, about their recent paper about a practical approach to diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Read the latest Editor’s Choice paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/1/19) and the February print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr Phil Smith and Dr Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-february-2022-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Journal editors Prof. Philip Smith and Dr. Geraint Fuller discuss the June 2024 issue of Practical Neurology, covering some of the interesting articles published this month. A number of difficult challenges and tradeoffs are featured, relating to recent men-only guidance for sodium valproate use, folic acid dosing for women with epilepsy, post-mortem brain donation, and sexual dysfunction caused by neurological medication. There is also some insight into the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy and congenital myasthenia.

Read the issue: https://pn.bmj.com/content/24/3

Further reading:

Cancer Risk in Children of Mothers With Epilepsy and High-Dose Folic Acid Use During Pregnancy. Vegrim HM, Dreier JW, Alvestad S, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1130–1138.

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol.

The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the February 2022 issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/1/1 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/1 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053).

Thank you for listening.

Dr Amy Ross Russell, Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, interviews Dr Fahmida Chowdhury and Dr Matthew Walker, both from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, about their recent paper, summarising the current literature on localisation in focal epilepsies using illustrative cases and discussing possible pitfalls in localisation. Read the paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/6/481) and the December print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr Phil Smith and Dr Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-december-2021-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the October issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/6/463. The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/6 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Autoimmune encephalitis comprises a group of disorders in which the host immune system targets self-antigens expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Some of the best-characterised diseases are associated with autoantibodies that target neuroglial antigens. These autoantibodies are considered pathogenic because they are directed against the extracellular—and hence in vivo exposed—domains of their target antigens. Associate Editor of Practical Neurology, Dr Tom Hughes, Department of Neurology, Cardiff, interviews Prof Sarosh R Irani, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, about his recent paper, in which he summarised the well-known autoantibody-mediated encephalitis syndromes with neuronal cell-surface antigens and focus on practical aspects of their diagnosis and treatment, offer their clinical experiences of managing such cases and highlight more basic neuroimmunological advances that will inform their future diagnosis and treatments. Read the paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/5/412) and the October print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr Phil Smith and Dr Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-october-2021-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the October issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/5/373 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/5 Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

As the number of people with dementia worldwide approaches 50 million, the need for early and accurate diagnosis is more urgent than ever. However, the biggest challenge is often suspecting dementia in the first place and deciding why this is not ‘just’ Alzheimer’s disease. Associate Editor of Practical Neurology, Dr Tom Hughes, Department of Neurology, Cardiff, interviews Dr Jeremy Johnson and Dr Jason Warren, both from the Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, about their recent paper, in which they outline a practical, symptom-led, bedside approach to suspecting dementia and its likely diagnosis, inspired by clinical experience and based on recognition of characteristic syndromic patterns. You can read the paper on the Practical Neurology website (https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/4/300) and the August print issue of the journal. The paper is also discussed by Practical Neurology editors, Dr Phil Smith and Dr Geraint Fuller, in their latest podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/editors-highlights-of-the-august-2021-issue?in=bmjpodcasts/sets/pn-podcast Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify, to get the latest podcast every month.

If you enjoy our podcast, please consider leaving us a review or a comment on the Practical Neurology Podcast iTunes page (https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/pn-podcast/id942932053). Thank you for listening.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the August issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/4/273 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/4

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the June issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/3/183 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/3

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the April issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/2/91 The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/2

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the February issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/1/1

The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/1

The first of this episode's two case reports features a 62-yo man, referred from ophthalmology with a drooping eyelid, chronic coughing, and excess sweating in the face provoked by eating (1:21). An MR scan finds abnormal deposits in his brain - (link)

The second report describes two patients (17:05), firstly a 70-yo man presenting with abnormal facial movements and weight loss, and secondly a 90-yo woman with abnormal movements of her right arm and leg. Routine blood tests at presentation for both patients were normal at presentation - (link) The case reports discussion is hosted by Prof. Martin Turner (1), who is joined by Dr. Ruth Wood (2) and Dr. Xin You Tai (3) for a group examination of the features of each presentation, followed by a step-by-step walkthrough of how the diagnosis was made. These case reports and many others can be found in the April 2024 issue of the journal. (1) Professor of Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, and Consultant Neurologist at John Radcliffe Hospital. (2) Neurology Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex. (3) Clinical Academic Fellow, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, and Neurology Specialty registrar, Oxford University Hospital.  Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3vVPClm) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/4baxjsQ). We'd love to hear your feedback on social media - @PracticalNeurol. The PN podcast is produced by Letícia Amorim and edited by Brian O'Toole. Thank you for listening. 

Dr Tom Hughes, Department of Neurology, Cardiff, interviews Dr Luis Idrovo, Department of Neurology, Leeds, about one of the most prevalent, disabling and undertreated conditions in neurological clinical practice: headaches. They discuss the administration of peripheral nerve blocks to treat various headache disorders both in the acute and outpatient setting. Please read the related paper, which is the Editor's Choice of the February 2021 issue of the journal: https://pn.bmj.com/content/21/1/30

Please subscribe to the Practical Neurology podcast via all podcast platforms, including Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher and Spotify.

Practical Neurology Editors Phil Smith and Geraint Fuller talk you through the highlights of the December issue of the journal. Read more on the PN website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/20/6/427

The full issue here: https://pn.bmj.com/content/20/6

In the return of the Practical Neurology Podcast, Dr Tom Hughes interviews Dr Saúl Reyes, Consultant Neurologist at the Blizard Institute, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK. They discuss the important issues regarding what vaccinations people with MS should have, and when they should have them in relation to their immunosuppressant drugs. Read the accompanying paper on the Practical Neurology's November issue and online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2020-002527

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Essential tremor is the most common form of tremor in humans. In this podcast, Dr Tom Hughes, Practical Neurology Associate Editor, interviews Dr Elan D Louis, Yale Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, New Haven, CT, who’s the author of a recent paper called, ‘Essential tremor: a nuanced approach to the clinical features’. They discuss this condition, not always easy to diagnose, and the distinction between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease as well as dystonia.

Read the paper on the Practical Neurology website: https://pn.bmj.com/content/19/5/389.