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abhor /əbˈhɔː(r)/ (v.)
一、基础信息
音标：英 /əbˈhɔː(r)/　美 /əbˈhɔːr/
词性：v.（动词）
变形：abhorred / abhorred / abhorring
核心含义：痛恨；憎恶；极度厌恶；深恶痛绝
二、词源、词根、词缀、结构
1. 词源
源自拉丁语 abhorrēre：
ab- = away 离开
horrēre = to bristle, shudder （毛发）竖起、颤抖、恐惧
本义：因恐惧、厌恶而退缩、颤抖。
2. 词根 & 词缀
ab-：前缀 = 离开、远离
hor：词根 = tremble, dread 颤抖、恐惧、厌恶
无名词后缀，直接为动词
3. 单词结构
ab + hor → abhor
字面：因厌恶而躲开 → 极度痛恨、憎恶
三、精准释义（语域 + 内涵）
正式 / 书面 / 道德语境
憎恶、痛恨、深恶痛绝
→ 内涵：道德层面的强烈反感，不是一般不喜欢，而是从心底排斥
严肃观点表达
坚决反对、唾弃
→ 内涵：立场坚定，带有强烈价值判断
语域：正式、书面、严肃，不用于日常小事。
情感：极强贬义，程度远强于 dislike /hate。
搭配：abhor sth /abhor doing sth 痛恨某事 / 做某事
四、权威例句（中英对照）
Most civilized people abhor violence of any kind.
大多数文明人痛恨任何形式的暴力。
She abhors discrimination in all its forms.
她深恶痛绝一切形式的歧视。
He claims to abhor lying and cheating.
他声称极度厌恶撒谎与欺骗。
五、近义词 & 反义词
近义词
detest /dɪˈtest/v. 厌恶，憎恨
loathe /ləʊð/v. 非常讨厌，憎恶
hate /heɪt/v. 憎恨（程度较弱）
despise /dɪˈspaɪz/v. 鄙视，看不起
反义词
love /lʌv/v. 热爱
admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩，赞赏
approve /əˈpruːv/v. 赞成，认可
embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/v. 欣然接受
六、记忆 & 用法小结
abhor = 极度痛恨、深恶痛绝，用于道德、原则、价值观层面。
程度：dislike < hate < detest/loathe/abhor
记忆：ab (离开) + hor (恐惧颤抖) → 怕到躲开、恨到发抖 = abhor 憎恶
下面，是abhor、abhorrent、abomination 这一组 “厌恶” 家族：
abhor 家族全解
1. abhor /əbˈhɔː(r)/v. 痛恨，憎恶，深恶痛绝
音标：英 /əbˈhɔː(r)/ 美 /əbˈhɔːr/
词性：动词
变形：abhorred /abhorred/abhorring
含义与内涵
因道德、原则、价值观而强烈厌恶
程度远强于 hate，是严肃、正式、书面用词
内涵：从心底排斥、绝不认同
权威例句
Most people abhor cruelty to animals.
大多数人痛恨虐待动物的行为。
We abhor all forms of racism.
我们深恶痛绝一切形式的种族主义。
2. abhorrent /əbˈhɒrənt/adj. 令人憎恶的，极其可恶的
音标：英 /əbˈhɒrənt/ 美 /əbˈhɔːrənt/
词性：形容词
含义与内涵
形容事物道德上令人恶心、无法接受
固定搭配：be abhorrent to sb 让某人极度反感
权威例句
Violence is abhorrent to our society.
暴力在我们社会中是令人憎恶的。
His views are abhorrent to most people.
他的观点让大多数人深恶痛绝。
3. abomination /əˌbɒmɪˈneɪʃn/n. 令人憎恶的事物，恶行
音标：英 /əˌbɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ 美 /əˌbɑːmɪˈneɪʃn/
词性：名词
含义与内涵
被视为邪恶、可耻、不可饶恕的人或事
语气极强，多用于道德、宗教、法律语境
权威例句
Torture is an abomination.
酷刑是一种令人发指的恶行。
They regard discrimination as an abomination.
他们将歧视视为令人憎恶的行径。
二、词根与词源（帮你彻底记住）
共同词根：hor / horr = tremble, shudder 颤抖、因恐惧而毛发竖起
ab-：away 离开、远离
hor：颤抖、恐惧
ab- + hor → abhor：因厌恶而颤抖躲开 → 痛恨
同根词：
horror /ˈhɒrə(r)/n. 恐惧，恐怖
horrible /ˈhɒrəbl/adj. 可怕的，令人厌恶的
三、近义词（按厌恶程度从轻到重）
dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/v. 不喜欢（最弱）
hate /heɪt/v. 讨厌，憎恨
detest /dɪˈtest/v. 厌恶，憎恶
loathe /ləʊð/v. 极度厌恶，深恶痛绝
abhor /əbˈhɔː(r)/v. （道德层面）痛恨，憎恶（最强之一）
四、反义词
love /lʌv/v. 热爱
admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩，赞赏
approve /əˈpruːv/v. 赞成
embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/v. 欣然接受
五、一句话抓核心
abhor：动词，我痛恨
abhorrent：形容词，令人憎恶的
abomination：名词，令人发指的恶行
全部正式、书面、道德色彩极强，不用于日常小事。

这段讲解的英文原文：

1
00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:05,000
Far away from Langden's comfortable house, two men were meeting.


2
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The chamber was dark, medieval stone.


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"Benuto," the man in charge said.


4
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He was seated in the shadows, out of sight. "Were you successful?"


5
00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:17,000
"See," the dark figure replied, "Perfemente."


6
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His words were as hard as the rock walls.


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"And do you have what I asked for?"


8
00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:25,000
The killer's eyes glistened, black like oil.


9
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He produced a heavy electronic device and set it on the table.


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The man in the shadows seemed pleased. "You have done well."


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"Serving the brotherhood is an honor," the killer said.


12
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"Phase two begins shortly. Get some rest tonight. We changed the world."


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Robert Langden's Saab 900s tore out of the Callahan Tunnel...


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...and emerged on the east side of Boston Harbor near the entrance to Logan Airport.


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Checking his directions, Langden found Aviation Road and turned left...


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...past the old Eastern Airlines building.


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300 yd down the access road, a hanger loomed in the darkness.


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A large number of four was painted on it.


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He pulled into the parking lot and got out of his car.


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A round-faced man in a blue flight suit emerged from behind the building.


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"Love it, Langdon," he called. The man's voice was friendly.


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He had an accent Langdon couldn't place.


23
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"That's me," Langdon said, locking his car.


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"Perfect timing," the man said. "I just landed. Follow me, please."


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As they circled the building, Langdon felt tense. Not knowing what to expect...


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...he had dawned his usual classroom attire: a pair of chinos, a turtleneck, and a Harris tweed suit jacket.


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As they walked, he thought about the facts in his jacket pocket...


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...still unable to believe the image it depicted.


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The pilot led Langden the length of the hanger. They rounded the corner onto the runway.


30
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Langdon stopped dead in his tracks and gaped at the aircraft parked on the tarmac.


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"We're writing in that?"


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The craft before them was enormous.


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It was vaguely reminiscent of the space shuttle, except that the top had been shaved off...


34
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...leaving it perfectly flat.


35
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Parked there on the runway, it resembled a colossal wedge.


36
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"Runs on slush hydrogen," the pilot offered, like a father bragging about his newborn.


37
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"The shells a titanium matrix with silicon carbide fibers."


38
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"She packs a 20 to 1 thrust weight ratio. Most jets run at 7:1."


39
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"The director must be in one hell of a hurry to see you. He doesn't usually send the big boy."


40
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Minutes later, Langdon was seated inside the empty cabin.


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The pilot buckled him into the front row and disappeared toward the front of the aircraft.


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The cabin itself looked surprisingly like a widebody commercial airliner.


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The only exception was that it had no windows, which made Langdon uneasy.


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The engines roared to life beneath him, sending a deep shudder through the hull.


45
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Langdon swallowed hard and waited. He felt the plane start taxiing.


46
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A phone on the wall beside him beeped twice. Langdon lifted the receiver.


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"Hello." "Comfortable, Mr. Langdon?"


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"Not at all." "Just relax. We'll be there in an hour."


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"And where exactly is 'there'?" Langdon asked.


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"Geneva," the pilot replied, revving the engines. "The labs in Geneva."


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"Geneva?" Langdon repeated, feeling a little better. "Upstate New York?"


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"I've actually got family near Senica Lake. I wasn't aware Geneva had a physics lab."


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The pilot laughed. "Not Geneva, New York, Mr. Langdon. Geneva, Switzerland."


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"This plane goes Mach 15."

abeyance /əˈbeɪəns/ (n.)

一、基础信息

音标：英 /əˈbeɪəns/　美 /əˈbeɪəns/

词性：n.（不可数名词）

核心含义：中止；搁置；暂停；暂缓；待定状态

二、词源、词根、词缀、结构

1. 词源

来自盎格鲁–法语 abeance，源自拉丁语ad+batere（等待、期待、悬置）。

本义：

处于等待、悬而未决的状态

。2. 词根 & 词缀

a- = ad-：朝向、处于

bey：词根 = wait，linger 等待、悬停

-ance：名词后缀，表示状态

3. 单词结构

a + bey + ance → abeyance

字面：

处于等待悬停的状态 → 搁置、暂停、待定

三、精准释义（语域 + 内涵）

法律 / 正式文书

效力中止；暂时失效；待定→ 内涵：

权利、规则、程序暂时停止，但以后可能恢复

通用正式语境

搁置；暂停；暂缓→ 内涵：

主动暂停，不是永久取消

语域：极正式、书面、法律、商务，口语极少用。

情感：中性，无褒贬，只强调 “暂时停、以后再说”。

固定搭配：

in abeyance 处于搁置 / 暂停状态

hold/keep sth in abeyance 把某事暂时搁置

四、权威例句（中英对照）

The rule has been held in abeyance until further notice.

该规定已

暂时搁置

，直至另行通知。

The project was left in abeyance during the management change.

该项目在管理层变动期间

处于暂停状态

。

The decision was kept in abeyance pending new evidence.

该决定

暂缓执行

，等待新证据。

五、近义词 & 反义词

近义词

suspension /səˈspenʃn/n. 暂停，中止

hiatus /haɪˈeɪtəs/n. 间断，空隙

pause /pɔːz/n. 暂停

deferment /dɪˈfɜːmənt/n. 延期，暂缓

反义词

continuation /kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn/n. 继续

enforcement /ɪnˈfɔːsmənt/n. 实施，执行

effectiveness /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/n. 有效，生效

activation /ˌæktɪˈveɪʃn/n. 启用，激活

六、记忆 & 用法小结

in abeyance = 暂时搁置、暂缓、待定。

只用于正式、法律、商务，不用于日常聊天。

记忆：a - 在 + bey - 等待 + ance 状态 → 在等待中 = 搁置、暂停。

to abet /əˈbet/ (v.)

一、基础信息

音标：英 /əˈbet/　美 /əˈbet/

词性：v.（动词）

变形：abet → abetted /əˈbetɪd/ → abetted → abetting /əˈbetɪŋ/

核心含义：教唆；怂恿；协助（尤指坏事、犯罪）

二、词源、词根、词缀、结构

1. 词源

来自盎格鲁 - 诺曼语 abeter，源自拉丁语ad- + betare（刺激、驱使）。

本义：去刺激、去怂恿、去推动。
2. 词根 & 词缀

a- = ad-：朝向、加强

bet：词根 = urge，incite（刺激、驱使）

无复杂后缀，单音节动词

3. 单词结构

a (bet) → 去刺激、去怂恿 → abet 教唆、协助作恶

三、精准释义（语域 + 内涵）

法律 / 正式语境（最常用）

教唆、伙同、协助（犯罪）→ 内涵：主动帮助别人做坏事，带有法律责任固定搭配：aid and abet 伙同作案、协助犯罪

一般书面语境

纵容、怂恿（错误行为）→ 内涵：不制止反而推波助澜

语域：正式、法律、书面，偏负面，几乎不用于中性 / 褒义。

情感：强烈贬义，指 “助恶、为虎作伥”。

四、权威例句（中英对照）

He was charged with aiding and abetting fraud.

他被控伙同协助诈骗。

You must not abet him in his foolish behavior.

你不该纵容他这种愚蠢行为。

She was accused of abetting the escape of a prisoner.

她被指控协助囚犯越狱。

五、近义词 & 反义词

近义词

incite /ɪnˈsaɪt/v. 煽动，鼓动

encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/v. 鼓励（中性，但可用于坏行为）

assist /əˈsɪst/v. 协助（中性，但在法律中可指帮凶）

connive /kəˈnaɪv/v. 默许，纵容

反义词

prevent /prɪˈvent/v. 阻止

discourage /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/v. 劝阻

hinder /ˈhɪndə(r)/v. 阻碍

stop /stɒp/v. 制止

六、记忆 & 用法小结

aid and abet：法律固定搭配 = 伙同作案、协助犯罪

abet 几乎只用于坏事，不能说 “abet good deeds”。

记忆：a - 去 + bet 刺激 → 去刺激别人做坏事 = 教唆、怂恿

aberration /ˌæbəˈreɪʃn/

一、基础信息

音标：英 /ˌæbəˈreɪʃn/ 美 /ˌæbəˈreɪʃn/

词性：n. (名词)

核心含义：偏离正常 / 正确 / 常态的行为、现象、偏差；失常；畸变

二、词源、词根、词缀、结构

1. 词源

来自拉丁语 aberrātiō(n-)，由 aberrare（偏离、迷路）演变而来。

ab-：away 离开

errare：to wander 漫游、偏离、犯错 → 即 “走偏、出错”

2. 词根

root: err = wander, mistake 漫游、偏离、错误

同源词：error 错误；err 犯错误；erratic 反复无常的
3. 词缀拆解

ab-：前缀 = 离开、远离 (away from)

err：词根 = 偏离、出错

-ation：名词后缀 = 状态、行为、结果

4. 单词结构

ab + err + ation → aberration

字面：离开正常轨道 → 偏差、失常、畸变

三、精准释义（分语域，含内涵）

日常 / 社会语境

一时失常、反常行为、出格举动→ 内涵：偶尔、非典型、可被原谅的偏离

科学 / 物理 / 生物 / 光学

偏差、畸变、像差→ 内涵：偏离理想标准、规律、轨道

心理 / 医学

精神失常、行为异常→ 内涵：偏离正常心智或生理状态

四、权威例句（中英对照）

The incident was seen as an aberration rather than a pattern of behavior.

这一事件被视为一时失常，而非一贯的行为模式。

Optical aberration can blur images taken by simple lenses.

光学像差会使简易镜头拍摄的画面模糊。

Many thought his outburst was a temporary aberration.

很多人认为他的情绪爆发只是暂时的失常。

五、近义词 & 反义词

近义词

deviation /ˌdiːviˈeɪʃn/ n. 偏离，偏差

anomaly /əˈnɒməli/ n. 异常，反常事物

irregularity /ɪˌreɡjuˈlærəti/ n. 不规则，反常

divergence /daɪˈvɜːdʒəns/ n. 分歧，偏离

反义词

normality /nɔːˈmæləti/ n. 正常状态

conformity /kənˈfɔːməti/ n. 遵从，符合常规

consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一贯性，稳定

六、使用小结（帮你抓深度）

语域：偏正式、学术、书面，口语中较少随便用。

情感：中性偏轻微负面，多指 **“不该发生、但偶尔发生”**。

记忆逻辑：

ab (离开) + err (犯错 / 走偏) → 走偏了 = 失常、偏差

to abdicate /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/ (v.) 深度全解

一、音标

英式：/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

美式：/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

二、核心释义（语域：正式书面语，多用于政治、历史、严肃公文）

（尤指国王、女王等君主）退位；逊位

放弃（职责、权力、责任等）；推卸（责任）（含轻微贬义，指本该承担却主动抛弃）

三、词源

源自拉丁语 abdīcāre：

ab- = away（离开）

dīcāre = to declare, proclaim（宣告、声明）

本义：

宣告离开（权位 / 职责）

先指罗马官员正式辞职，后专指君主退位，再延伸为放弃社会责任。

四、词根 & 词缀 拆解

词根：dict / dic = say, speak（说；宣告）

同根：dictate 口述、predict 预测、dictionary 词典

前缀：ab- = away, off（离开；离去）

后缀：-ate = 动词后缀（表动作、行为）

结构：abdicate = ab- (离开) + dic (宣告) + -ate (动词)

→ 字面：宣告离开 → 正式放弃权位 / 责任

派生词：

abdication /ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 退位；放弃责任

abdicator /ˈæbdɪkeɪtə(r)/n. 退位者；推卸责任者

五、权威中英对照例句

King Edward VIII abdicated the British throne in 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson.

1936 年，爱德华八世为迎娶沃利斯・辛普森而宣布退位。

A government must not abdicate its duty to protect public health and safety.

政府绝不能推卸保护公众健康与安全的责任。

He chose to abdicate control of the project rather than take the blame for its failure.

他选择放弃对项目的掌控权，而非为失败承担责任。

六、近义词（按语境）

表「君主退位」

renounce the throne 放弃王位

step down (from the throne) 下台

表「放弃责任 / 权力」

relinquish /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/v.（正式）放弃；让渡

abandon /əˈbændən/v. 抛弃；放弃

renounce /rɪˈnaʊns/v.（正式）宣布放弃

forsake /fəˈseɪk/v.（正式）舍弃；抛弃

七、反义词（按语境）

表「承担责任 / 权力」

assume /əˈsjuːm/v. 承担；就职

undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/v. 承担；负责

accept /əkˈsept/v. 接受；承担

表「君主即位」

ascend the throne 登基；即位

accede to the throne 继承王位

八、语境与内涵（精准使用关键）

极正式：日常口语几乎不用，多见于历史、政治、法律文本；

色彩分野：

用于君主 / 元首 = 中性，指合法、公开地放弃权位；

用于职责 / 义务 = 贬义，指失职、逃避应尽义务；

动作属性：强调主动、正式、不可逆的放弃。

to abate 
 
1. 音标
 
- 英 /əˈbeɪt/
- 美 /əˈbeɪt/
 
2. 中文含义
 
v.（使）减弱；（使）减少；缓和；（风、雨、疼痛、怒气等）消退
 
3. 词源 & 词根词缀
 
- 词源：源自拉丁语 ad-（to）+ battuere（to beat），本义“击打下去”→ 减弱、减少。
- 词根：bat = beat 打、击
- 词缀：
- ab- = ad- 变体：朝向、加强
- 无明显后缀，整体为动词。
 
4. 单词结构
 
ab + ate → abate（动词）
 
5. 权威例句（中英对照）
 
1. The storm began to abate in the evening.
暴风雨在傍晚开始减弱。
2. We must take action to abate air pollution.
我们必须采取行动减少空气污染。
3. His anger did not abate until he heard the explanation.
直到听了解释，他的怒气才平息。
 
6. 近义词
 
- reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/  v. 减少，降低
- decrease /dɪˈkriːs/  v. 减少，下降
- diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/  v. 减弱，缩减
- lessen /ˈlesn/  v. 减轻，变小
- ease /iːz/  v. 缓和，减轻
 
7. 反义词
 
- increase /ɪnˈkriːs/  v. 增加
- intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/  v. 增强，加剧
- strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/  v. 加强
- rise /raɪz/  v. 上升，增强