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Explore every episode of the podcast Lab Medicine Rounds

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TitlePub. DateDuration
Attending Medical Conferences & AABB Debrief08 Nov 202400:20:30

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” Justin Kreuter, M.D., interviews John Sherbeck, M.D., Laboratory Medical Director of Trinity Health IHA Medical Group, about how to plan your time at medical conferences. He also briefly discusses this year’s takeaways from AABB’s national conference.

Timestamps:
0:00 Intro
00:45 Why are medical conferences important to attend?
03:10 Engaging in debate
05:11 Prepping your team to present at a national conference
06:40 Take aways from the AABB annual meeting?
09:57 When you attend a conference, how do you go about planning out your time?
12:57 How do you approach networking?
15:05 What is your current practice for approaching vendors?
17:18 How do you capture your conference learning?
19:50 Outro

The Art of Asking Questions25 Oct 202400:21:07

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” Justin Kreuter, M.D., interviews Timothy Long, M.D., about the importance of asking good questions in healthcare settings, such as when you’re with patients, as an educator, or at a conference or presentation. 

Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction
01:58 Developing the skill of asking good questions
06:37 Characteristics of effective questions
11:45 Effectively using questioning techniques as an educator
15:33 Considerations for asking questions in large group settings

Breathing Easier: Immunotherapies for Asthma and Allergy17 May 202400:18:56

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., interviews Douglas McMahon, M.D., from the Allergy and Asthma Center of Minnesota, to discuss how the lab supports asthma and allergy medical practice. 

Laboratory Detection of Opioids11 Sep 202000:13:07

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:40 Why is it important for a laboratory to detect or quantify opioids?

02:00 What are the challenges you have had to navigate in the laboratory specific to opioids?

04:47 Is it like a pregnancy test or is it important to quantify as well?

05:19 Can you help us understand how you collaborate with other health care professionals? 

07:07 In terms of new or illicit street drugs, are you having to constantly design new tests to detect these things?

07:53 Can you elaborate a little about that collaboration with law enforcement?

09:07 Are you also periodically going to testify in court on cases?

09:35 What do you think the future of opioid testing looks like?

12:25 Outro 

Addressing Diversity & Inclusion in Pathology21 Aug 202000:17:21

Timestamps
00:00 Podcast Intro

00:45 Why is it important for laboratory medicine and pathology to be deliberate about diversity and inclusion? 

03:11 How do you recommend we transform the question “will they fit?” or “do I fit?” so that it invites diversity?

05:33 So, it’s not so much of transforming the question but putting it ahead of the interview and thinking about what you are trying to recruit for? 

06:22 What information have we recently learned about diversity and inclusion in the newer findings? 

10:35 How is it easier and/or harder to move the needle on diversity and inclusion in the laboratory?

13:35 In 5 years, where will Laboratory Medicine and Pathology be with respect to diversity and inclusion?

16:05 Outro 

COVID-19 Testing Update07 Aug 202000:19:55

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:50 Why does this landscape of COVID testing seem so dynamic? 

03:47 So it sounds like we have two sort of rapid tests that are on the market now. Can we dive into that so that we can appreciate a little bit of the compare and contrast between those two rapid assays?

07:17 What are these unique challenges with regards to sensitivity and specificity when it comes to these rapidly evolving tests?

11:08 Highlighting the connection between laboratory medicine and the clinical practice as it applies to COVID-19 testing.

12:49 What new struggles have emerged when it comes to testing for COVID?

15:15 What’s a thought process that you recommend for folks to think about when people are trying to think about what should I offer in my lab, or how should I offer COVID testing? 

17:25 Dr. Binnicker, if you were king for a day, what would you make happen for COVID testing?

19:09 Outro 

Resources:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Being Deliberate when Starting Your Career in Pathology24 Jul 202000:28:30

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:51 This is a nice time of year for the academic calendar with new trainees starting residency, and new faculty starting their jobs, and people still in their first couple of years of being an academic pathologist. Why is it important for these individuals to be deliberate about how they begin their career?

04:18 When somebody is in training, there is a lot that is decided for them and things are predetermined. In residency that opens up quite a bit. Can you give us some insight into these goals you are talking about? On a smaller scale, how do you set yourself up so you can be consistent in making progress?

07:55 Are you pretty deliberate about revisiting where you are with your goals? How do you check yourself?

10:30 Your success as a resident and as an attending, what advice works in both roles and what advice is good for a resident versus the attending?

13:53 When evaluating trainees there is a component regarding delegating work. The skill is critical to have when coming on staff either in an academic or nonacademic setting. Is there a way that you prepare trainees to develop their skills in delegating?

17:05 Sometimes things take you by surprise, which is a great learning opportunity. You have really navigated the system quiet well. I’m curious, what has been easy about this process and what has really been a challenge?

19:55 If you could do it all over again, what would you do differently this time?

25:22 Getting feedback and developing relationship the way you can be, is that a lost opportunity?

Our opportunity: Helping patients understand laboratory testing01 Jul 202000:34:40

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

01:05 Why is it important to explain the laboratory to patients? How important it is to have open/honest communication with patients?

07:05 With your experience in talking with children and their families is your focus on the child and the parents picks up on your efforts? Or are you addressing the child separately from their parents?  

11:10 What tips would you have for pathologists as they approach certain situations (approaching the bedside, engaging with patients, answering questions regarding lab tests or biopsies, etc.)

16:26 What are your tips for clinicians on explaining the laboratory to patients?

 20:22 For our student listeners, what has been your most impactful lesson learned?

23:17 You started to create a video to show kids and their families what is happening in the lab behind the scenes, where does their samples go, etc. How are you approaching this? 

27:00 Do you envision that material will be geared towards grades K-5 and then different content for teenagers? How differentiated does the education get?

Stop—Collaborate and Listen05 Jun 202000:23:05

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:53 There seems to be a lot of buzz around the need for interprofessional education and interprofessional collaboration. Can you kind of take us through these concepts? How are they the same, or how are they different?

02:37 What’s the why here? Why should health care institutions, us as individuals, why should we prioritize this interprofessional education or collaboration in practice?

05:34 I imagine there are a lot of people listening who have meetings…for example we have medical technologists that are involved in a meeting and pathology residents, pathologists, and so you have people together. Does that mean that intercollaboration is happening, or happening well? Is there some way to understand that? 

11:03 What do you think that the challenges are that get in the way of developing this skill of interprofessional collaboration?

16:17 Critical reflection

19:20 What has surprised you most about interprofessional collaboration?

20:42 Underscoring the importance of laboratorians and clinicians having a strong collaboration during the COVID pandemic

21:44 Outro

Resources:

The Littlest Things in Life - From Dust to Dust: Microbiology and the Medical Autopsy27 May 202000:26:15

Time Stamps

 

00:00 Podcast Intro 

 

03:19 How did you choose forensic pathology as a career?

 

04:30 Where did you train and where were you prior to Mayo?

 

05:08 Can you discuss in general the practice of forensic pathology, and the difference between hospital and medicolegal autopsies?

 

06:37 How often do forensic pathology and microbiology intersect?

 

07:57 What are the challenges of performing microbiology studies in your practice?

 

08:54 What types of interesting microbiology cases have you seen so far?

 

13:13 You practiced in Dallas for almost 15 years.  Can you tell us about the Ebola scare in 2014? Were you involved in the one fatality?

 

21:26 Given the information you now have learned regarding the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and the COVID outbreak now, to what level are we prepared for what comes next?

Resources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963?_ga=2.125131913.207068228.1583341931-1731071377.1580216385

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-in-us.html

Understanding COVID-Associated Coagulopathy06 May 202000:18:15

Time Stamps

 

00:00 Podcast Intro

 

00:40 What is COVID-associated coagulopathy and why is it important to recognize this?

 

02:45 How is this coagulopathy similar to or different from other coagulopathies that we commonly see in clinical practice?

 

04:30 Is there recommended testing for COVID-associated coagulopathy?

 

06:30 Can you explain what the soluble fibrin monomer test is?

 

08:09 How is COVID-associated coagulopathy managed in terms on prophylactic anticoagulation, therapeutic anticoagulation, and prophylactic transfusion?

 

14:23 What are a few lessons that you have learned during this pandemic so far?

 

Resources:

1.       F.A. Klok, M.J.H.A. Kruip, N.J.M. van der Meer, et al., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19,Thrombosis Research (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013  

 

2.       doi:10.1111/JTH.14810 

Convalescent Plasma: Why, How, and Lessons Learned01 May 202000:23:30

Time Stamps

 

00:00 Podcast Intro

 

00:39 What is they ‘why’ behind starting up a convalescent plasma program?

 

04:00 If physicians are taking care of a patient and wanting to get this product how do they go about it?  

 

11:23 With the Expanded Access Protocol and Emergency IND, how many products does that get for the given patient?

 

13:00 Where should we direct people who are interested in being a donor?

 

14:51 Can you give us an idea on who would be eligible to donate convalescent plasma?

 

17:16 What are some lessons learned from your perspective as you have navigated through COVID-19 and the dynamic situation? 

 

Resources:


The People Behind the Lab Bench20 Apr 202000:25:57

00:00 Podcast Intro 

00:56  On a lot of T.V. shows that I’ve watched over the years, I see the surgeons and emergency medicine docs after they see the patient pop back in the lab and perform those critical tests. In reality, is that really what’s going on? 

01:42 Myself as a pathologist, I understand for a lot of physicians I’m probably one degree removed from the bedside, so one degree outside of their mind, and  maybe the medical technologist is another degree. So for our physicians and clinicians listening to this podcast, can you maybe share some of the biggest misconceptions about laboratory technologists and the value that they are actually contributing behind the scenes to that patient care?

03:05 I know in our day to day we kind of think about those patients or situations where we’ve really been challenged and made a difference for the patient. Can you share one of those stories about where you specifically really played a role behind the scenes that made a difference for patient care?

04:39 It sounds like you guys really are the both the first and last line of defense on making sure that the information that is coming out of the laboratory is as accurate as possible?

05:25 You know that front end is really something to highlight for our listeners about, we all got used to ordering tests based on how we were trained and what was available at the time we are training, and as with all things, medical science continues to advance. I think that’s a critical point to make. That Medical Technologist is really up to date on what is an older test, or what test is best to answer that question the physician has?

06:46 If you could elaborate a little bit for students who are just starting to consider this field and maybe even, are there some thoughts for some people who are just starting in laboratory medicine about what the best path might be for them?

8:05 So you’re saying that if I’m somebody that likes variety in my day, there’s a place for me in laboratory medical science, and if I like being an expert in something, there’s ALSO a place for me in laboratory medical science?

08:35 You’ve had a really interesting and valuable career and you’ve kind of seen this profession from a couple of different angles. I was wondering if you have any words of wisdom for someone who is maybe just getting started in laboratory medical science in those first 3-5 years of practice? Do you have any advice for them as to what should they be focusing on and thinking about from a coaching perspective?

13:43 Are there any plans for sharing laboratory pride this year (for Lab Week)?

14:29 Do you have any kind of messages for how pathologists can work best with their laboratory technologists?

16:38 Can you share how you found this field of laboratory science?

21:26 What qualities make for a good lab tech?

25:00 Outro 

 

Resources:
Career Exploration: https://ascls.org/

Lab Excellence: Spotlight on Laboratory Professionals03 May 202400:14:41

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., interviews Eric Hsi, M.D., chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, about the lab’s important role in healthcare.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:42 Importance of labs in current medical practice
02:41 Understanding & appreciating the role of lab medicine
05:30 Working as a team to affect patient care
08:14 What advice do you have for upcoming lab professionals to cultivate their leadership skills?
12:43 Where do you see the future of laboratory medicine?



COVID-19: What's Serology Got to Do with It?16 Apr 202000:15:57

Time Stamps

 

00:00 Podcast Intro

 

00:50 Why is it important to have a serologic test for COVID-19 when there are already molecular PCR assays for diagnosis?

 

01:38 How are we going to b using the serologic test in clinical practice? 

 

03:02 When should and when shouldn’t we be ordering the serologic assay?

 

04:34 Can you elaborate on some of the limitations of this test?

 

06:05 Should we be listening to their local area is recommending related to COVID-19?

 

06:49 What are the challenges that you have to navigate with serologic testing for COVID-19?

 

09:32 This has really been a collaborative effort across the country to implement this test. Would you mind sharing what implementation of this serologic assay looked like? 

 

12:58 What are some lessons learned at this point that you think would be worth sharing to the lab professionals and students that listen to this podcast?

Pandemic Update: Testing for COVID-1913 Apr 202000:23:28

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

00:52 Can you start off and give us kind of the status update on where we are on this COVID-19 pandemic?

02:13 When you talk about it has gone from an epidemic to a pandemic, can you highlight for our listeners what the difference between those two are?

03:22 Now to dive into laboratory testing. There have been a couple of tests talked about in the media and I know that you have led a team here at Mayo that has developed a test for COVID-19. Can you help us summarize these different tests that are potentially orderable?

04:00 Molecular Tests

05:10 Serologic Tests

07:14 I’ve been seeing in the news a lot of speculation based on past experiences about low sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. Can you speak to that and help us understand this from the lab medicine professional’s point of view?

11:00 We’ve been hearing a lot about rapid tests, point-of-care tests for SARS-CoV-2. I was wondering if you could help us understand those, and how do they fit with what we’ve discussed so far?

14:37 Can you take us through what are some lessons learned or unexpected challenges for our laboratory professionals that are listening?

18:19 I was wondering if we could reflect with our audience on some lessons learned for our learners to take away from this experience?

22:33 Outro

Resources
·         https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

·         https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Lab Staffing During the COVID-19 Pandemic06 Apr 202000:19:48

Time Stamps

 

00:00 Podcast Intro

 

01:26 Why is it important to consider how we're staffing our laboratory during this pandemic? 

 

02:58 What are the different models or what are some different ways people have been talking about running a lab to mitigate this risk of the lab going down? 

 

07:07 I like how you know, you're also talking about these challenges of space and some of the conversations that you're having with infection control at the institution level.

 

09:05 When you were talking and looking at those different schedules and going to the different shifts, you mentioned that there was a lot of time that was invested in doing that. Do you have any tips for our listeners about lessons learned from that experience about how they can do that and learn from your experience? 

 

12:17 If we could follow that thread a little further, I'm curious about how your communication has been with the clinical practice. I know that you mentioned you actually have three labs that you oversee. I know especially the cellular therapy lab has many connections with the clinical practice, a lot of co-dependence there when we're talking about transplant and cell therapy. What's that communication been like with the clinical practice?

 

18:03 I think there's lots of gems that you've laid out there for our listeners and really kind of a big part of this is keeping a humble, this inter-professional collaboration, whether it's working with your supervisors for staffing, communicating with clinical colleagues for  what they are expecting as far as volumes and maintaining those lines of communication for how things are going to change. With that, is there anything that you want to add that we haven't touched about?

 

18:57 Outro 

 

Virtual Facilitator Presence: Ready Player 2?03 Apr 202000:28:28

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

02:20 For those of us that aren’t in the education technology movement can you give us a little bit of that 50,000 foot view and orientate us, and where we should think about starting?

03:15 Quick tips to consider as a starting place for Virtual Learning: 1.) Presence 2.) Communication 3.) Authenticity

05:25 Synchronous vs. asynchronous environments

07:21 What are some ways we can make this virtual environment work for effectiveness?

09:48 Do you have some tips as far as, are there two or three things that come to the forefront of your mind? I think many people haven’t thought about wait time or down time in a virtual domain. Can you give an example or two of where someone might get off the ground trying this?

12:16 What are your thoughts about how we can facilitate, encourage, and coach that engagement in our learners in a virtual environment?

12:52 What is netiquette? 

13:47 How does the netiquette feed into this engagement of learners?

16:30 Free collaborative tools available: Google Forms, Google Docs and MindMeister

17:58 Transitioning more to the learner mind and learner perspective, are there any recommendations for someone who hasn’t learned this way historically in the past, to give this virtual learning its best opportunity?

21:04 How could educators monitor this environment to get that valuable feedback?

24:35 A lot of things are changing when we are using a virtual environment. What things are not changing?

27:28 Outro

Additional Resources:

Mayo Clinic:

· https://mayocliniceducatorscentral.blubrry.net/2020/03/17/virtual-class-now-how-to-move-your-education-online-in-a-hurry-ep14/ 


Twitter:

· @erhall1

· @MayoFacDev

· #HMICommunity 

 

MedEd/HPE: 

· https://www.aliem.com/teaching-age-covid-19-wrap-up/

· Flipped Classroom in Medical Education: Engaging Students to Build Competency https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/JMECD.S23895 

 

Higher Education Resources:

· Association of Colleges and University Educators: https://acue.org/online-teaching-toolkit/

· Chronicle in Higher Education: Going Online in a Hurry

· Recent Learning Scientist.org Blog 

· https://teachremotely.harvard.edu/

· https://ai.umich.edu/keep-teaching/
1.     Learning to Teach Online: Understanding & Optimizing an Online Learning Experience by Elizabeth Syben King (@elizabethonline) for Medium.

2.     Welcome to ACUE's Online Teaching Toolkit by Association of College and University Educators (@ACUE_HQ)

3.     Uploading lecture videos on YouTube by Dr Megan Sumeracki (@DrSumeracki)

4.     Going Online in a Hurry: What to Do and Where to Start by Michelle D. Miller for the Chronicle Vitae


Additional Episode Notes:

Virtual/Remote Learning – 50,000 Ft View 

Start simple when thinking shifting to virtual – even if you have to move fast (identity dissonance) 

 

Facilitator presence is key in virtual environments 

1.       Connect:  How do connect with learners? 

·         Synchronously  - Shift to a video conferencing platform (Zoom, Blackboard Collaborate, other)

·         Asynchronously – Traditional and non-traditional learning management systems, email, Slack

·         Be available and accessible: Virtual Office Hours, 

 

2.       Communicate: What do my learners need to know? 

·         Reduce cognitive load by sharing expectations of learners/ participants – help them understand how to interact  in this new context (netiquette – virtual etiquette) 

·         Audio: 

·         Video: 

·         Be Transparent – concise communication key and narrating the flow of the experience (be deliberate)

·         Include wait time – not only processing by muting and unmuting technology 

 

3.       Be Authentic: How can I maintain my personal touch? 

·         Address people by name

·         Make eye contact 

·         Encourage, acknowledge, and reinforce contributions 

·         Reinforce what supporting each other looks like

·         Demonstrate appreciation and gratitude 

·         Have fun – add humor 

·         Give people grace – we are all in this together 

 

One you have done these three things we are ready to start thinking about: 

 

Delivery:  Now, what do I do once I am connected to my learners? 

Engagement Strategies and Tactics –Learners contribute to Community 

I want to frame this question on the premise that learning is social by nature and science of learning principles.  In other words: 

·         How are we maximizing techniques in which people learn by engaging with others - active learning techniques to organize new learning and link to previous knowledge - exposure to how others think, think critically

·         How do we engage learners in retrieval of information, elaboration of ideas, and using specific examples to understand abstract ideas

·         How do we plan for learners to thinking about their thinking - metacognition

 

It is common to think about content first which is important in order to scaffolding learning. Establishing what direction instruction is necessary – 

·         Essentially how it can be used to a focal point for design...

Diversity in Blood Supply06 Mar 202000:26:28

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

01:00 What exactly do you mean when you say, diversity in blood supply, and why does that matter?

02:15 Are you saying that there might be differences in blood among different ethnic groups? 

02:50 If we only issued O- blood to everyone, would we still need diversity in blood supply?

04:25 You mentioned a hemolytic reaction, so if I have a friend or family member going in for a surgery, do I need to call up the blood bank and talking to them and demanding something? Or what should I be looking for to make sure they won’t have one of those reactions?

07:51 Some of the patients that are going to be receiving multiple blood products throughout their lifetime, might be the people that matching is more important for? What types of characteristics do these patients have? 

11:11 What happens if one of the patients that needs a special unit of blood comes in from a bad car accidents and we don’t have that blood on the shelf? 

14:00 Is there some sort of barrier that needs to be overcome to help encourage more donations from diverse communities? 

16:28 Red blood cells seem pretty simple, shouldn’t you be able to manufacture a red blood cell and then the diversity in blood supply wouldn’t be a problem because you can put whatever antigens on them that you wanted, couldn’t you?

20:14 Are there other areas in regards to the diversity of blood supply that will be important to keep in the forefront for the near future?

22:40 Are there any specific key takeaways you want people to take away from this topic?

25:25 Outro

The Littlest Things in Life - The Burning Sensations of Love: Let's Talk STDs (Part 1)14 Feb 202000:28:17

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

01:08 Introduction of Stacey Rizza, M.D.

01:50 What is the natural course of HIV if left untreated, and what effects would it have on the body? 

03:41 So given those numbers then, who should be tested for HIV?

04:32 How should HIV be treated?

05:29 Do people living with HIV then when they are on therapy need any additional, special kind of care?

06:44 So if someone who’s living with HIV is actually receiving the treatment and doing everything they should be doing, will the disease naturally shorten their life?

07:28 Now given that we’re talking about sexually transmitted diseases, is it safe for a person with HIV to have unprotected sex?

09:57 Given those conversations, is that usually how it goes when people ask how HIV can be prevented, or is there more to it?

11:59 Another thing that’s coming out every month or so we hear about the new technological advances towards a cure for HIV, so how are we doing on that? Is HIV curable? 

13:35  So one of the things that comes up fairly frequently every few years is the Delta 32 mutation, which is a mutation that it’s my understanding intrinsically confers some level of resistance against HIV infection?

15:50 HIV is a very large global burden and as a result there has been a lot of outreach around the world from many different organizations. Here in American in 2003, President George W. Bush signed PEPFAR, The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief.  What are your thoughts on how well it’s been doing?

17:48 To shift gears here, we’re going to shift from viruses to bacteria. One in particular with a tumultuous history is syphilis. What is syphilis and what effects does it have on the body?

21:08 So that being said, with it having an asymptomatic period where it doesn’t look like you have it at all, who should be tested for syphilis?  

21:57 How is syphilis treated?

22:36 So if someone is treated for syphilis, can it reoccur? 

23:30 What about prevention? Can syphilitic infection be prevented?

24:14 According to the CDC congenital syphilis cases has risen consecutively over the last five years, is there anything we should be doing for increased surveillance?

25:42 What does congenital syphilis look like?

26:23 Is there a vaccine for syphilis?

27:39 Outro

The Littlest Things in Life - The Burning Sensations of Love: Let's Talk STDs (Part 2)14 Feb 202000:12:28

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

00:31 Introduction of Matt Binnicker, Ph.D.

01:07 Can you talk about why it’s so important for people to discuss chlamydia and gonorrhea and why healthcare providers and the general public today need to have a good understanding of the causes of these STDs? 

02:32 So we just spoke to Dr. Rizza about how over the last five years, STDs have risen each year consecutively. Is there any reason why we have an increased incidence over this timeline with these infections?

03:31 How are these diagnosed in the laboratory? How do we actually figure out if you have this or not?

04:22 Those diagnostic processes, do you think those are going to change at all in the future or evolve, or do you think what we have is good?

06:28 So why is important then to have accurate and rapid laboratory test results for chlamydia and gonorrhea? 

07:17 So with regards to the disease itself, if a patient becomes infected how are they managed?

08:50 With drug resistant gonorrhea being in the news so often, the next real concern is how worried should we be about it?

09:58 What should be the big takeaway the audience should get from talking about gonorrhea and chlamydia?

11:45 Outro

Proficiency Testing Referral: What You Don't Know Can Hurt You (a Lot)07 Feb 202000:29:50

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro 

01:25 What is proficiency testing?

04:10 Proficiency testing insures my lab is actually getting the accurate results? 

05:26 What is proficiency testing referral and why is it important for laboratory medical directors, administrators, supervisors and staff to be aware of PT referral rules? 

07:54 Why would laboratories refer proficiency testing to another external lab?

12:05 What’s happening at working to reduce this risk for me? Taking Essential Steps for Testing (TEST) Act of 2012

15:23 These are “near-miss” events and definitely something to learn from, discussing how the holes lined up, what occurred, and now here’s your opportunity to patch that hole?

17:04 What new trends in laboratory medicine have increased the risk of sanctions for proficiency testing referral?

19:55 What are the most effective strategies to prevent proficiency testing referral?


22:26 Are there good resources for this education? Or is every lab on their own to create content?


23:17 In your experience, being on committees and doing inspections at hospitals, what has surprised you most about this issue of PT and referral?


26:17 How do you approach training pathology residents and fellows in understanding proficiency testing, what they are responsible for, how do they trouble shoot a proficiency failure? I imagine it’s difficult to introduce that topic.


28:10 Outro

 

Additional Resources:

CMS Brochure on PT Referrals @ cms.gov

2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What You Need to Know31 Jan 202000:18:27

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:41 What do we know so far about the novel coronavirus? 

02:35 How does this novel coronavirus stack up to influenza?

04:35 Is there still value in getting your flu shot now (this year) if you haven’t gotten it yet?

05:08 Where should people go to get the latest and best information related to the novel coronavirus?

06:36 What should the health care provider be looking for related to the novel coronavirus?

08:18 I’m glad you mentioned the incubation period, is that something we know with this novel coronavirus?

 09:15 What do the laboratorians need to have in mind and what does this mean for the hospital clinical labs?

10:50 So, people can test positive for the coronavirus without having this specific novel coronavirus strain?

 12:02 So if somebody sent a sample down to a clinical lab, and I was truly positive for the novel coronavirus, I could have a negative result?

12:45 Can you elaborate on when a physician should pick up the phone relative to the new novel coronavirus outbreak?

14:43 Is there a risk to laboratory personnel for the infection to spread when they are handling the samples?

15:20 When should we be suspecting this novel coronavirus?

16:03 What should someone do if they suspect their patient has novel coronavirus?

16:33 As this is an evolving outbreak, where should folks go for the latest information?


Additional Resources:

·         Center for Disease Control (CDC)

·         World Health Organization (WHO)

New Year, New You, Same Genes!03 Jan 202000:23:40

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:42 When is a genetic test useful?

02:15 What situations would genetic testing not be helpful for?

03:15 Since pharmacogenomic testing isn’t useful for every drug, how do we know when it is useful? 

05:15 I’ve seen commercials for genetic testing. Can you talk about these?  

05:55 So, you’re saying that a private citizen could get some genetic testing performed?  

06:32 I imagine you have gotten a couple of phone calls from people asking what do to with their results? Do people sometimes call you about this?

07:44 Can you talk about the differences between what you are going to do in your lab when you’re doing pharmacogenomic testing and what might be available to a patient as a direct-to-consumer?

09:32 That makes me curious, does that mean that some of these direct-to-consumer tests are including alleles that are only for the white population? Or, are they including ones that are relevant to Latino, African-American, Asian communities too?

11:00 Is there genetic testing that can talk about what type of diet I should follow and what type of exercise I should be doing? 

12:45 Will everyone have their genomes sequences in a few years? 

15:18 Can you explain what you mean when you say the test is getting better overtime?

18:00 What is the role of the laboratory in performing a genetic test?

22:58 Outro

Additional Resources:
·  CPIC webpage http://cpicgx.org to see guidelines for pharmacogenomics

·  Genetic Testing Registry https://www.ncvi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/ 

 

 

Exploring the Lab's Vital Role in Healthcare19 Apr 202400:18:07

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Chancey Christenson, M.D., about the lab's important role in healthcare.
 
Timestamps:
0:00 Intro
01:00 Why is it important to highlight the extensive presence of the laboratory in current medical practice?
05:20 What’s the story of how you first came to appreciate the extensive role of the medical laboratory?
07:03 How do you and your team work together for efficient patient care?
10:15 Do you have any thoughts or advice for how to move through setbacks and creating that environment where people feel empowered to speak?
11:57 How do you see the role of the laboratory evolving in the coming years?
17:35 Closing

The Flu: Nothing to Sneeze About!06 Dec 201900:30:15

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

01:00 How is influenza different from other respiratory infections, such as the common cold?

02:02 Why is influenza such a big deal? Many people think about influenza for different reasons, but how can we hit this home for the everyday person?

04:43 Can we unpack the idea of getting vaccinations, specifically getting vaccinations every year?

06:36 Can you address some of the common misperceptions when it comes to getting the flu vaccine? 

11:02 Who should see their doctor when they exhibit flu-like symptoms?

12:36 How is the influenza test changing?

14:45 The idea of point-of-care testing that bridges the patient/clinical practice and the laboratory supporting that practice caring for that patient. Can you discuss what some of the logistics and challenges are that come in to point-of-care testing?

16:02 What does it mean in regards to treatment of influenza with having a more sensitive test that is rapidly available?

 17:55 How are we spreading this knowledge to all of our physicians so they can understand how to make the decision of who needs be treated and why?

19:23 Are there any questions or feedback that either of you have gotten from other physicians or nurses on this topic that surprised you?

21:25 Is there a future state on the horizon where you think we may not need to be getting the influenza shot every year?

23:57 This podcast is really centered on building bridges between the clinical world and the lab world. Would you mind sharing a story that highlights where this collaboration has really helped the patient? 

26:47 I’m curious, for the trainees in your program, how are they trained/mentored on crossing the boundaries between the clinical and laboratory?

28:59 Is there anything you would like to add that we haven’t talked about so far?

Additional resources:
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/index.htm

Advancements in Microbiology Diagnostics and the 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene15 Nov 201900:17:18

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:30 Introduction of Robin Patel, M.D. the Division Chair of Clinical Microbiology at Mayo Clinic 

00:42 What is the 16S Ribosomal RNA gene?

1:28  How is it detected and sequenced in clinical microbiology?

2:33 What does this mean for physicians and their patients now that this is something that can be done in the microbiology lab?

4:23 How has the testing for this gene changed?

5:58 Can you take us through an interesting case you have come across?

9:47 What are the limitations when you’re talking about this kind of testing?

11:15 Where is this headed? Are we headed towards next-gen sequencing for 16S?

11:51 So, that will be helpful when you’re talking about using it directly on a patient sample vs. a pure colony that you’re using the testing on?

12:29 What’s the turnaround time for this kind of test? 

14:08 Where does this 16S Ribosomal RNA gene testing fit in the toolbox of who should be ordering this?

15:21 What is it that you wish the medical community knew about the microbiology lab?

16:34 Outro

Resources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652441/
https://jcm.asm.org/content/55/9/2599 

Clinical Decision Support: Making It Easy to Do the Right Thing01 Nov 201900:27:56

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:58 What is clinical decision support? How does that fit in to patient blood management?

02:37 Can you tell us how clinical decision support is similar to education and how it is a little different than straight forward education?

04:53 How do you make clinical decision support successful? 

07:11 Can you share how the collaboration between you and IT has gone? How have you navigated to make sure you can come out with the best and most meaningful clinical support?

10:14 What are some of the pitfalls from implementing clinical decision support? 

13:55 Will you share your thoughts on evaluating a clinical decision support program?

16:33 It sounds like there is a lot of quantitative measurements, how about qualitative measurements?

17:45 What has surprised you most about patient blood management? 

19:39 What does the future look like regarding clinical decision support?

21:33 As a bedside physician, what do you wish the laboratory understood about your practice?

25:01 Can you share a personal story on how reaching out to the lab has made a difference for one of your patients?

My Mouth Is Not Watering: The Perplexing World of Salivary Gland Pathology18 Oct 201900:14:14

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:37 Introduction of Joaquin Garcia, Vice Chair of Laboratories in the Division of Anatomic Pathology and Medical Director of the Histology Laboratory at Mayo Clinic.

00:57 Can you give us a little background as to how you came in to this world of anatomic pathology and also where did this interest of salivary gland tumors come from?

02:09 What are the things that come to your attention when people are asking about salivary gland tumors?

03:13 When you talk about getting a small biopsy, are we talking about getting a punch biopsy for skin or are we talking about a fine needle aspirate where your just getting cytology? 

04:11 Can you get in to a little bit on where this challenge comes from, whether something is benign, malignant, kind of predicting that behavior?

05:46 How do you train up pathologists to make these calls and recognize malignant from benign?

07:04 Can you elaborate on some of the additional testing you’re talking about (immunohistochemical staining and liquid kind of samples)?

08:48 So, in a more targeted way you are able to make a diagnosis. Is that also true for how we are treating these cancers? Are we able to do targeted therapy based on the pathology that we are getting?

09:54 You’ve just recently completed a book “The Atlas of Salivary Gland Pathology.” What surprised you most about what it took to put together this atlas?

10:35 Is it true that head and neck pathology is the most challenging sub-specialty within all of anatomic pathology?

11:02 What sort of things should be features that are concerning, so that when you hear this in the history you really want to do a thorough exam of the patients mouth, face, and neck features?  

13:35 Outro

Resources: 
Atlas of Salivary Gland Pathology, 2019, Springer Publishing (JJ Garcia)

Leading Innovation in the Lab04 Oct 201900:27:17

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:34 Introduction of William Morice, II, M.D., Ph.D., the Chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic 

00:48 When did you first become interested in leadership?

2:15 What surprised you most once you took on a leadership role?

5:32 What advice do you have for the learners (residents, fellows) who may be interested in leadership? What should they be focusing on during training and during their early career?

8:01 What do you think would be your message to clinicians? What do you wish they knew about the laboratory that would really strengthen the relationship at their center?

10:21 How do you approach setting a team up for success?

14:41 Opposing Dynamic: People getting the work done for the business vs. people that are the innovators. Do you see yourself as trying to model how to have a respectful disagreement?

16:59 At this point in your career, what’s the real challenge for you?

20:28 Do you have a practice of reflection or what’s your practice for self-reflection and discovery?

22:39 Do you have any book recommendations for our listeners who are interested in developing their leadership skills?

26:23 Outro

Top Five Things Every Medical Professional Should Know about Lab Medicine06 Sep 201900:18:14

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:32 Introduction of Ann Moyer, M.D., Ph.D.  

00:49 How did you decide to go into Molecular Genetic Pathology?

2:33 What do you do all day (as a pathologist)?

4:25 Can you take one test and talk us through how you look at a case?

7:32 What’s your favorite part about being a pathologist?

8:28 What’s the worst aspect?

9:18 Is it true that a lot of the tests that are run in your lab didn’t exist five years ago?

10:20 What have you learned on the job that you weren’t exposed to in your training?

11:36 How can clinicians build that bridge of collaboration with their pathologist?

13:11  What would you tell medical students as to why they should consider pathology?

14:39 What are the top five things that medical professionals should know about laboratory medicine?

17:39 Outro

One Small Bite, Deadly for Mankind06 Sep 201900:22:07

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:48 Introduction of Elitza Theel, Ph.D.  

1:03 What is the deadliest creature in the world?

2:30 How many types of mosquitoes are there?

3:50 Why do mosquitoes bite us?

4:54 What types of infections do they cause?

6:33 What advice do you give students and learners regarding this topic? 

7:37 How does somebody make the diagnosis?

7:54 How can you use lab testing to keep on the right track?

10:49 What are some of the frequent calls received as a Laboratory Director?

13:26  Are these mosquito borne diseases treatable?

13:53 Where do you figure out the species?

14:59 What about treatment for mosquito borne viruses?

15:17 What about vaccines for mosquito born viruses?

16:27 What do you see as the future trends in the world of mosquito borne disease?

18:13 What are your recommendations for protecting against mosquitoes? 

19:33 Fun fact on how spreading infections may occur 

21:31 Outro

Additional Resources:

https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dvbd/index.html 

Tick Talk06 Sep 201900:12:55

Time Stamps

00:00 Podcast Intro

00:39 Introduction of Bobbi Pritt, M.D. 

00:56 What are ticks?

1:42 What diseases can be transmitted by ticks?

2:03 Background on ticks

2:46 What should we be suspicious of for the diseases ticks carry? (Location)

4:03 When should I be really concerned about tick borne disease? (Timing)

4:56 Laboratory Testing 

6:15 Links to Resources (Algorithm & CDC website):

 https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/it-mmfiles/Acute_Tick-Borne_Disease_Testing_Algorithm.pdf

https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/index.html

6:44 When should I not test?

8:30 How can we protect ourselves from these tick borne diseases?

9:23 ABC’s of Tick Bite Prevention: https://news.mayocliniclabs.com/ticks 

11:03 Key Takeaways 

12:10 Outro

Trailer: Lab Medicine Rounds Podcast 29 Aug 201900:01:00

Coming Soon: Lab Medicine Rounds, a podcast to help you connect lab medicine and the clinical practice through insightful conversations. 

Drawing the Line: The Rationale Behind Blood Tube Collection Order05 Apr 202400:20:13

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Brooke Katzman, Ph.D., to discuss the blood tube collection order.

Show Notes:
0:00 Intro
0:41 Rational of blood tube order
3:15 Direct and indirect contamination
4:58 Draw order
8:11 Serum vs. Plasma
10:23 Testing for specific analytes
12:39 Interferences
14:38 Teaching order of draw
17:22 Best practices
20:41 Closing

The Bullet Catch and Other Deadly Illusions!15 Mar 202400:17:47

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Reade Quinton, M.D., assistant professor of laboratory medicine and pathology, to discuss a popular topic at this year’s 9th Annual Forensic Science Symposium, the bullet catch and other deadly illusions. 
 
Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction

0:45 Forensic Science Symposium discussion
3:30 Historical conference topics
5:50 Story of the bullet catch illusion 
10:00 Approach to storytelling
12:45 Developing presentation skills
16:30 Outro

Maximizing Impact Through Admin-Lab Collaboration01 Mar 202400:17:05

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with operations administrator Mark Brown to discuss the significance of collaborating with administrators.

Show notes:
0:00 Intro
0:59 Importance of working with lab administrators
3:00 Role of administrators
10:20 Resetting with admins
14:20 Supporting wellbeing

Charting the Course: The Journey to Becoming a Physician-Scientist16 Feb 202400:24:04

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, M.D., a neurosurgeon and scientist at Mayo Clinic. From humble beginnings as a migrant worker, his story is one of resilience, determination, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge.

Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
1:54 Importance for physicians to play a role in science
5:28 Setting yourself up for success
9:48 Inquisitive mind
14:00 Mentoring
22:00 Looking ahead
23:55 Outro

Recruiting for Careers in Laboratory Medicine02 Feb 202400:18:05

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with placement coordinator Jamie Herget to discuss recruitment initiatives within the laboratory profession.

Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
0:59 Importance of recruitment
2:57 What roles are being recruited?
5:31 Effective strategies for recruitment
9:28 Ineffective strategies for recruitment
15:01 Trends & Collaborations

Resources:
www.jobs.mayoclinic.org
Clinical Laboratory Technologist/Scientist - CLT/CLS/MLS at Mayo Clinic 

Should You Stay or Should You Go?19 Jan 202400:21:10

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., and Rondell Graham, M.B.B.S., delve into the critical decisions involved in contemplating a role on the staff at the institution where you receive your training.

Timestamps:

00:00 Introduction
01:25 Why did you decide to take a job at the institution where you finished training?
03:35 Things to think about when accepting a job

07:27 What to focus on during interviews
11:37 Importance of early years
16:58 How do you learn about updates in medicine?
20:35 Outro

Perspectives of a Teaching Assistant05 Jan 202400:20:24

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., engages in a compelling conversation with Lindsey Randall, a third-year medical student, as they discuss her experiences and insights in the role of a teaching assistant. 

00:00 Introduction
01:05 Why did you decide to get involved in teaching in the first place?
02:07 You’ve been teaching in this course, but how has your learning been from this experience of teaching?
05:45 Do you have any thoughts about what you’ve learned about chunking information and sequencing information?
08:01 Could you elaborate on your approach for writing those questions?
10:25 You don’t shy away from questions where there is clearly a “best answer.” Could you talk on why you’ve included those questions intentionally? 
13:14 How do you handle those moments when you don’t know an answer? 
15:45 What advice do you have for those listening who may be interested in developing their teaching skills?

Interview Tips for Pathology Residents11 Oct 202400:21:17

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” Justin Kreuter, M.D., interviews Reade Quinton, M.D., an associate professor of laboratory medicine and pathology and anatomic pathologist at Mayo Clinic, to discuss interview tips for future pathology residents. 

Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
0:45 Interviewer assessment
7:07 Communication style & personality
10:25 Asking questions to help with rank lists
17:45 Follow-up after interview
22:09 Outro

Celebrating 100 Episodes15 Dec 202300:24:43

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., along with the Lab Medicine Rounds podcast team share their experience on starting an educational podcast and reflecting on past episodes.

Timestamps
00:00 Introduction
01:02 Rick: How did the podcast start up? What was the genesis, how did this all start?
03:05 Dr. Kreuter: How does this work around the podcast all come together? And what’s most surprising about it?
07:03 Rick to Dr. Kreuter: From your standpoint, what do you have to do to prepare for a podcast?
08:48 Rick: What was the overall goal or mission statement of the podcast when you started?
11:14 Rick: What are your takeaways, funny things, things that Dr. Kreuter does that annoys you, or what do you look forward to?
14:02 Dr. Kreuter to Rick: Can you share some of the pointers you give to presenters before we begin recording?
18:15 Rick: What do you think is different from when we started, the first one we did here in this studio, to the 99th one we just finished?
21:18 Rick to Dr. Kreuter: What does the future of the Lab Medicine Rounds podcast hold?
23:57 Outro

Nurturing Our Laboratories01 Dec 202300:15:40

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Alex Klobassa, assistant supervisor for transfusion medicine in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic, to discuss nurturing our laboratories. 

03:38 Challenges to nurturing laboratory teams.

02:39 Takeaways from nurturing laboratory teams.

07:42 Creating programs to support laboratory staff.

14:21 Ways to improve our laboratories.

Pre-analytical Variables for Coagulation Testing17 Nov 202300:17:15

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Jansen Seheult, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., M.D., assistant professor of laboratory medicine and pathology in the Division of Hematopathology, to discuss heterophile antibodies and HIL, which are considered by some to be analytical errors and by others to reflect patient-related pre-analytical variables.

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
00:40 Role of pre-analytical variables for coagulation testing
03:25 Common pre-analytical variables to be aware of
07:49 Medical community collaboration to mitigate patient-related issues
11:51  Share about an intervention that was tried and how that worked out
14:10 Future of coagulation testing
16:34 Outro

What's New in CAR-T?03 Nov 202300:18:42

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Timothy Wiltshire, Ph.D., assistant professor of laboratory medicine and pathology in the Division of Transfusion Medicine, to discuss what’s new with CAR-T cells.
 
Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
0:49 Why is CAR-T important for healthcare folks to appreciate in 2023?
3:05 What should healthcare professionals understand about CAR-T?
4:55 Is it true to say that we’ve seen success specifically in the hematologic cancers like leukemias, but not necessarily like the solid tumors, like breast cancer or prostate cancer?
7:27 Are there a few things that you look for when you read an article that’s reporting about CAR-T cells?
10:24 Can you explain what off-target effects are? 
11:46 What are some of the new things that have come out recently?
13:24 What’s involved with creating your typical CAR-T?
14:58 What are your thoughts on the future for the field?
16:22 Is this a more equitable product or are there still some struggles with getting equity for different populations with CAR-T?
17:25 Is the promise of an off-the-shelf not just for an emergency, but could that be a cheaper option?
18:00 Outro 

 

What Every Pathologist Should Understand About Breast Imaging20 Oct 202300:16:51

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Robert Fazzio, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of radiology and chair of the Division of Breast Imaging at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
1:05 The importance for pathologists to understand the fundamentals of breast imaging.
2:40 Reading the comments and the roles they play in the pathology report.
4:30 Aspects of breast imaging that pathologists should appreciate.
6:45 Interpreting the level of suspicion.
8:00 Modalities for imaging used (ex. Mammograms, ultrasound, MRI)
9:20 Interprofessional collaboration
13:00 Preparation for trainees and various workflows
15:20 Future of breast imaging
18:30 Outro

Cardiac Troponins and Checkpoint Inhibitors06 Oct 202300:22:16

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Allan Jaffe, M.D., a consultant in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic, about cardiac troponins and checkpoint inhibitors. Dr. Jaffe is also the Wayne and Kathryn Preisel Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Research, professor of laboratory medicine and pathology, and professor of medicine in the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science.

 
Discussion includes:

00:47 Introductory background on checkpoint inhibitors and cardiac troponins.

15:12  Challenges with recognizing immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.
19:28  Key takeaways for how laboratory professionals can support these patients.

19:28 Considerations of questions that are top of mind when tackling these issues.

Guidance Documents: Learning About Lipids15 Sep 202300:15:17

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” host Justin Kreuter, M.D., speaks with Jeff Meeusen, Ph.D., assistant professor of laboratory medicine and pathology and clinical chemist in the Division of Clinical Core Laboratory Services for the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic, who discusses a forthcoming guidance document on lipid testing. 

 

Discussion includes:

00:59 Importance of guidance document for lipid testing.

03:30 Key takeaways for laboratory professionals utilizing the guidance document.

09:20 Challenges with implementing a guidance document.

12:50  Advice for others looking to join guidance committees.

How to Create Strong Professional Presentations01 Sep 202300:20:47

In this episode of “Lab Medicine Rounds,” guest host Ann Moyer, M.D., Ph.D., speaks with Justin Kreuter, M.D., transfusion medicine pathologist and assistant professor of laboratory medicine and pathology at Mayo Clinic, about the importance of creating and practicing professional presentations.

 

Discussion Topics:

00:00 Introduction
01:03 Importance of practicing your presentation.

03:13 Common missteps in professional presentations.

07:52 Tips for putting together a strong presentation.

13:32 Tips for learners when presenting to experts in the field.

Resources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980086/

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