Since its inception in the international development discourse in the late 1980s, sustainable developmentΒ has oftenΒ been celebrated for its rhetorical appeal to political correctness. But is it a useful tool for global development?
The idea of βsustainable developmentβ hasΒ not only acquired new layers of meaningΒ over the years but has in many waysΒ witnessed aΒ rejuvenation since 2015 following the adoptionΒ by world leadersΒ of theΒ 2030 AgendaΒ and its accompanying 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The SDGs β grouped under overarching themes of people, planet, dignity, prosperity, justice and partnership β have been widely praised for a strong articulation of an environmental dimension, in addition to breaking new ground with global goals on inequality, economic growth, energy, and peace.Β
Despite being imperfect and highly ambitious, the SDGs are the result of a comprehensive participatory process, unparalleled in the history of global development. Indeed, while its predecessor β the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) β focused exclusively on low-income countries, the SDGs encompass a much broader agenda that applies to all countries.Β
By closely linking βsustainabilityβ with βdevelopmentβ through the principles of βuniversalityβ, βintegrationβ and βleave no one behindβ, the 2030 Agenda has been much celebrated in activist, business and policy circles as a means to stimulate a radical shift in world affairs. But the SDGs have also been criticized for their unrealistic ambitions and lack of focus.Β
The world was already off-track in achieving many of the SDGs before Covid struck. And now there are major concerns over the extent to which these ambitious global goals can be achieved in the next 9 years.Β
Frank Biermann is a professorΒ of Global Sustainability Governance atΒ Utrecht Universityβs Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development. Frank is aΒ leading scholar of global institutions and organizations in the sustainability domain.Β In addition to being a prolific writer, heΒ pioneered the βearth systemβ governance paradigm in 2005 and was the founder and first chair (2008-2018) of theΒ , a leading global transdisciplinary research network of sustainability scholars.