HVAC School - For Techs, By Techs – Details, episodes & analysis

In this short podcast episode, Bryan explains how duct tape got its name and why it shouldn't actually be used on ducts. Duct tape is a versatile home DIY-fix tool, but despite its name, it wasn't initially made to seal ducts at all.

In 1943, we were in the thick of World War II, and ammo shipments were sealed with wax and paper tape. These were often not durable or difficult to open. Johnson & Johnson developed a tape with rubber adhesive on a cotton duck cloth backing (which was already widely used for military uniforms and tent fabrics). This new tape was nicknamed "duck" tape due to the material and its waterproof abilities (like the waterfowl). A woman named Vesta Stoudt informed President FDR about duct tape, and the War Production Board began using it in wartime supply packaging.

After the war, America had a housing boom in the 1950s, which included the demand for forced-air heating and cooling systems. Marketers thought the tape could seal the ducts in those homes, so they changed the color to match sheet metal and rebranded it as "duct tape." In the 1960s, this tape was available in retail outlets with the "duct tape" branding.

Unfortunately, in tests by the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, duct tape failed miserably at sealing the ducts because the rubber adhesive dries out under heat, and dust weakens the adhesive. As a result, many building codes ban duct tape on ducts (spearheaded by California). Instead, UL-listed foil tape and mastic are approved for sealing ducts. However, duct tape still became famous for its versatility as a patching material. It's prevalent in pop culture and has been used in television shows and even in space.

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In this comprehensive discussion, Bryan and Bert tackle one of the most critical yet underdeveloped skills in the trades: conflict resolution and de-escalation. They argue that poor conflict management is one of the primary reasons technicians lose jobs, damage team dynamics, and limit their career advancement. The conversation explores both customer-facing conflicts and internal team disputes, offering practical strategies grounded in real-world experience.

The hosts distinguish between rational and irrational customer anger, noting that both require similar approaches—taking clients seriously, listening fully, and resisting the urge to immediately correct or defend. Bert emphasizes the importance of body language, describing how he physically leans into difficult conversations rather than backing away, making eye contact, and allowing customers to repeat themselves until they feel genuinely heard. Bryan adds that the "slow is smooth, smooth is fast" military principle applies perfectly to people problems—rushing to fix the emotional situation often prolongs the conflict, while patient listening typically resolves issues more quickly.

When addressing internal team conflicts, they stress going directly to the person involved rather than gossiping or complaining to management. Both hosts acknowledge that ego, the need to be right, and past trauma can trigger fight-or-flight responses that sabotage productive conversations. They advocate for approaching conflicts with humility and a willingness to be wrong, focusing on the single most important issue rather than bringing up a laundry list of grievances. Bert shares that preventing conflict often means letting minor issues go while addressing patterns before they fester into major problems.

The conversation concludes with practical advice about maintaining relationships after difficult conversations, recognizing that drawing back creates rejection while intentionally staying connected demonstrates genuine care. They emphasize that mastering conflict resolution isn't just about keeping your job—it's about becoming invaluable in your career and developing skills that serve you in every area of life.

Topics Covered:

• Common sources of customer anger: feeling dismissed, not taken seriously, fear around property damage, and frustration with time and money
• The difference between rational emotions (legitimate grievances) and expectation gaps (perceived as "irrational")
• Body language techniques for de-escalation: leaning in, maintaining eye contact, staying present rather than fleeing
• Why interrupting customers to prove you're right backfires and escalates conflict
• Managing fight-or-flight responses and recognizing when fear drives aggressive reactions
• The importance of letting customers repeat themselves until emotional release occurs
• Internal team conflict triggers: lack of recognition, perceived unfair workloads, misinterpreted communication
• Why going directly to the person involved beats gossiping or complaining to management
• The danger of storytelling and assigning motives to others' actions
• Practical conflict resolution framework: prepare both parties, choose private settings, listen twice as much as you speak, and be willing to be wrong
• How mastering conflict resolution makes you invaluable and accelerates career advancement
• Maintaining relationships after difficult conversations to avoid creating rejection

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 7th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this short podcast episode, Bryan talks about history and HVAC science: how to dehumidify the air with a waterfall and how cold water became the first air conditioner.

In 1902, Willis Carrier worked for a printing company in Brooklyn, New York. There was a huge humidity problem during the summer: the printing plant got damp, causing paper to swell and ink to smudge. Carrier realized that he could wring water out of the air if he brought the air's temperature below the dew point. His solution was to spray chilled water into the airstream; he filed a patent for an invention that would pass air through a mist of cool water, which caused it to cool down and shed its moisture. He called it the "apparatus for treating air."

This invention applies basic psychrometric principles. Air holds water vapor up to a certain point. The dew point defines that point. If the air is full of water vapor and its temperature drops below that dew point, excess water vapor condenses to liquid water (such as when it passes over an evaporator coil). In the case of Carrier's invention, the cold water in the spray chamber acted as a giant cooling coil. However, if the water is warm, the opposite effect would happen.

We do NOT dehumidify with liquid water due to the requirement for water treatment (to prevent algae and scale buildup). Cold water is less prone to bacterial and algal growth than warm water, but it's still essentially an indoor science experiment. Water is also messy and causes corrosion, and pumping it is expensive. Carrier's experiment evolved to the chilled water coil, which then evolved to the DX coils we see today.  

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool.

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The podcast delves into the world of HVAC chemical solutions through an in-depth conversation with Becca Stamey, the marketing director at Refrigeration Technologies. The discussion provides insights into the company's unique approach to developing cleaning products, rooted in a commitment to safety, effectiveness, and customer feedback. Founded by John Pastorello, a chemist turned HVAC technician, the company has always prioritized creating products that are non-toxic, non-corrosive, and environmentally friendly.

Becca highlights the range of Viper products, from condenser and evaporator cleaners to pan and drain sprays and all-purpose cleaners. Each product is carefully formulated with specific purposes in mind, such as the enzyme-based evaporator cleaner designed to address odor issues and break down biofilm. The conversation emphasizes the company's innovative packaging, particularly the Venom Packs, which offer concentrated, durable, and space-efficient solutions for technicians. The podcast also underscores the company's commitment to quality control, with U.S. manufacturing and personal oversight from the leadership team.

The episode provides a behind-the-scenes look at Refrigeration Technologies' growth and dedication to the HVAC community. The company has been named to the Inc. 5000 list of top-growing companies for three consecutive years and is expanding its manufacturing capabilities. Becca discusses the company's social media presence and community engagement, including their "Tech of the Month" program, which highlights and celebrates HVAC technicians who embody the company's values.

Key Topics Covered:

• Viper's chemical product line and unique formulations
• Condenser and evaporator cleaning solutions
• Innovative Venom Pack packaging
• Importance of non-toxic, environmentally friendly cleaning products
• Company's manufacturing process and quality control
• Social media engagement and community recognition
• Recent company growth and expansion
• Upcoming appearances at industry events like AHR Expo

Learn more about Refrigeration Technologies at https://www.refrigtech.com/. You can also follow Refrigeration Technologies on Instagram, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok (ViperHVAC).

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this short podcast, Bryan talks about evaporator coil placement based on a question submitted by a listener, John. Evap coil placement differs in furnace applications versus air handlers.

When we use air conditioners with furnaces, we usually put evaporator coils on the positive side to protect the heat exchanger from rusting out during the summer (due to condensation and the chemical reactions that can occur with the metal heat exchanger). However, when it comes to air handlers, they're usually on the negative side. The coil is usually on the negative side of a fan coil or air handler because it keeps the blower motor cooler (though that doesn't make a huge difference in terms of performance). 

The HVAC system will lose fewer BTUs to leakage when the coil is on the negative side, which is better for energy efficiency; those BTUs can reach the conditioned space rather than the closet, garage, or wherever it is stored. Pulling air over the evaporator coil on the negative side, however, could potentially lead to greater turbulence. 

We run into challenges with evap coil placement on gas furnaces when we have dual fuel systems (a heat pump and furnace working together). You can't run gas heat over a heat pump coil due to the high head pressure, so a parallel setup would avoid the risks of high head pressure (downstream) or rusted-out heat exchangers (upstream). 

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this episode of the HVAC School Podcast, Bryan interviews Zachary Ortwine, a duct cleaning professional who provides insights into ethical duct cleaning practices. The conversation delves deep into the complexities of cleaning different types of ductwork, the importance of proper assessment, and the potential challenges in maintaining indoor air quality.

Zach emphasizes the critical role of thorough inspection and honest communication with clients. He explains that not all duct systems are equally cleanable, and professionals must carefully assess factors like duct material, contaminant type, and cleaning feasibility. Metal ducts can be cleaned more aggressively, while fiberglass ducts require a more delicate approach. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the underlying issues that contribute to indoor air quality problems, such as system design, maintenance, and home living conditions.

The podcast explores the evolution of duct cleaning technologies and safety considerations. Zach shares insights into modern fiberglass materials, which have improved safety compared to older versions, and discusses the importance of proper cleaning and coating techniques. The conversation also touches on broader indoor air quality challenges, including the impact of tighter building envelopes, ventilation issues, and the potential health risks of prolonged exposure to indoor contaminants.

Key Topics Covered:

• Ethical considerations in duct cleaning
• Assessment techniques for determining cleanability
• Different duct materials (metal, flex, fiberglass) and cleaning approaches
• Indoor air quality challenges in modern homes
• NADCA (National Air Duct Cleaners Association) standards
• Importance of technician certification and experience
• Ventilation and its impact on indoor air quality
• Proper testing and verification of cleaning results
• Coating techniques for fiberglass ducts
• Misconceptions about antimicrobial treatments

Learn more about NADCA and certified professionals at https://nadca.com/. 

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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In this short podcast episode, Zach joins Bryan to answer a common duct maintenance question: Should I fog or sanitize my ducts?

The National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) outlines the uses of chemical products. Adding chemicals is usually a last resort in flex or sheet metal (externally wrapped) duct systems; they should NOT be used on ducts with internal liners or are made of duct board or any other material with porous surfaces. 

Fog is typically applied while a vacuum is running at the opposite end of the duct. It liquefies on surfaces, and a lot of contractors don't go in and dry off the duct surfaces. It's difficult to coat the entire interior of a duct system with the chemical to make it as effective as possible, and the residue creates a moist, sticky film that actually encourages microbial growth in the ductwork. On top of that, some people may be sensitive to the chemicals. 

In many cases, replacing ductwork that has been confirmed to have microbial growth is more reliable. Chemical duct sanitation often has more of a perceived benefit than long-term results. The use of chemical cleaners in ductwork is similar to that of using some line set flushes without forcing a solid pig through the line set to pick up the residue afterward. Ultimately, the customer has to make an informed decision based on the problem and knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of chemical solutions.

NADCA's white papers, including "Chemical Product Applications in HVAC Systems," are available at https://nadca.com/industry-professionals/nadca-white-papers. 

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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Bryan and Craig Migliaccio (AC Service Tech)dive deep into the complexities of managing condensate drainage in high-efficiency (90%+) gas furnaces. The conversation begins with a clear explanation of why these furnaces produce condensate in the first place - they have two heat exchangers that extract so much heat from the combustion gases that water vapor condenses out. This condensate is acidic (pH 3-5) and requires special consideration for drainage and disposal.

The discussion explores various challenges contractors face when installing these systems, particularly in cold climates where freezing is a concern. Craig shares practical solutions from his experience in New Jersey, including using larger diameter pipes for exterior drainage and creating air gaps to prevent complete freezing. They address the ongoing debate about whether to combine AC condensate lines with furnace condensate lines, noting that while it's technically possible, there are potential risks and code considerations to keep in mind.

A significant portion of the conversation focuses on code compliance and best practices for condensate disposal. The International Mechanical Code (IMC) provides several acceptable options for drainage, including floor drains, utility sinks, and standpipes. However, as Craig points out, local interpretations and requirements can vary significantly, making it crucial for contractors to maintain good relationships with their local inspectors and understand their specific jurisdiction's requirements.

Key Topics Covered:

• How 90% efficient furnaces produce condensate through their dual heat exchanger system
• The acidic nature of furnace condensate and its corrosion potential
• Solutions for preventing condensate line freezing in cold climates
• Pros and cons of combining AC and furnace condensate lines
• Code-compliant drainage options (IMC 307.2)
• Use of condensate pumps as a solution for difficult drainage situations
• Importance of proper trapping and venting in condensate systems
• Requirements for auxiliary drain pans under furnaces
• Role of condensate switches and safety controls
• Challenges with different installation locations (crawl spaces, basements, etc.)
• Considerations for neutralizer usage when draining into septic systems
• Best practices for maintaining professional relationships with code officials

Check out some of Craig's great educational books at https://www.acservicetech.com/. 

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.  

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Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.

In this unique episode of the HVAC School podcast, Bryan interviews Donovan Ryckis, CEO of Ethos Benefits, diving deep into the complex world of healthcare financing and employee benefits. Ryckis shares his journey from financial advising to becoming a healthcare benefits consultant, driven by a mission to expose and transform the inherently problematic healthcare system.

The conversation reveals the stark inefficiencies in traditional healthcare models, where insurance companies and healthcare providers often prioritize profit over patient care. Ryckis explains how most employers have been led to believe they cannot control healthcare costs, accepting annual increases as inevitable. By applying a fiduciary approach—similar to financial advising—Ethos Benefits helps companies like Kalos dramatically reduce healthcare expenses while maintaining or improving employee care.

A key highlight of the discussion is the innovative strategies Ethos implements, such as negotiating directly with healthcare providers, exposing pharmacy benefit manager markup, and implementing direct primary care. These approaches not only reduce costs but also provide employees with better, more personalized healthcare experiences. The podcast demonstrates that by taking a transparent, data-driven approach, companies can create win-win healthcare solutions that benefit both the organization and its employees.

• Healthcare financing vs. traditional insurance models
• Pharmacy benefit manager markup and hidden costs
• Negotiating medical claims and reducing excessive billing
• Direct primary care and its benefits
• Strategies for controlling healthcare expenses
• Importance of transparency in healthcare pricing
• The documentary "It's Not Personal, It's Just Healthcare"
• Challenges in the current healthcare system
• Empowering employees through better healthcare options

Learn more about Ethos Benefits at https://ethosbenefits.com/ and the Ethos Effect Podcast at https://www.ethoseffectpodcast.com/.  

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

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Chris Hughes and Steve Rogers from The Energy Conservatory discuss TEC's TrueFlow technology and its crucial role in predicting airflow issues in the sales process, particularly for heat pump retrofits. They explain how the TrueFlow app helps contractors accurately measure both static pressure and airflow in existing systems, enabling them to predict whether proposed equipment changes will work effectively. This is especially vital when considering the growing trend of replacing gas furnaces with heat pumps, as the airflow requirements can differ significantly.

The conversation delves into a detailed example of replacing an 80% efficient 48,000 BTU furnace with a heat pump. They demonstrate how the airflow requirement would nearly double from 652 CFM to 1,200 CFM, potentially causing the static pressure to quadruple due to Fan Law 2 principles. This dramatic increase could lead to significant performance issues if not properly addressed during the system design phase. The experts emphasize that using TrueFlow during the sales process allows contractors to identify potential problems and necessary modifications before installation rather than discovering issues during callbacks.

The discussion also covers the ideal workflow for system assessment and sales, starting with customer comfort evaluation and proper load calculations. It's important to reduce loads through envelope improvements when possible, particularly in cold climates where heat pump retrofits are becoming more common. Proper system sizing often means going smaller rather than larger, contrary to common industry practices, and the worst HVAC systems are often found in expensive custom homes rather than tract housing.

Key Topics Covered:

• TrueFlow technology and its role in system forecasting
• Fan Law 2 and its impact on static pressure when changing airflow
• Heat pump retrofit challenges and considerations
• The importance of accurate load calculations
• Dual fuel systems as a solution for cold climates
• The relationship between airflow and static pressure
• Sales process integration of technical measurements
• Common issues with oversized equipment
• The importance of envelope assessment
• Methods for reducing system loads
• Proper duct sizing and modification strategies
• The role of proper filter sizing and selection
• The benefits of flat-rate pricing for duct modifications
• Training resources and support available for TrueFlow users

Check out TEC's YouTube channel at https://www.youtube.com/@energyconservatory, and you can visit TEC's website at https://energyconservatory.com/.  

Have a question that you want us to answer on the podcast? Submit your questions at https://www.speakpipe.com/hvacschool. 

Purchase your tickets or learn more about the 6th Annual HVACR Training Symposium at https://hvacrschool.com/symposium.

Subscribe to our podcast on your iPhone or Android.  

Subscribe to our YouTube channel. 

Check out our handy calculators here or on the HVAC School Mobile App for Apple and Android.