Explore every episode of the podcast Digital Health Podcast - Royal Society of Medicine

Millions of people are already using AI chatbots to make sense of their health- from understanding test results to managing long-term conditions and deciding whether they need medical help.

In this episode, Dr Joe Alderman joins Annabelle to explore the opportunities and risks of using general-purpose AI chatbots for health. We discuss the risks and ask what this means for clinicians and health systems when AI is already becoming part of the health conversation, whether they are ready for it or not.

The conversation moves beyond whether people should use AI and towards the more important question: how do we make its use safer?

Link to guide: https://www.healthchatbotguide.org/#guide

Clinicians are uniquely placed to identify the problems facing healthcare, but does that make them good entrepreneurs? And does the NHS provide the right environment for their ideas to succeed?

In this episode Annabelle is joined by Dr Tamsin Brown to explore clinical entrepreneurship through the lens of the NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme. We discuss what makes a successful clinical entrepreneur, the skills clinicians often lack, and why even the most promising healthcare innovations can fail.

We also examine the barriers to innovation within the NHS, what needs to change to better support new ideas, and why entrepreneurship isn't the only route to impact and the value of supporting intrapreneurship.

For more information on the programme and how to apply click here

In this episode, we explore the recommendations of the UK’s National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare, convened by the MHRA and bringing together clinicians, regulators, industry and the public.

As generative AI meets healthcare, regulation is facing new and evolving challenges, how to support innovation whilst maintaining trust and patient safety in the face of technology that is evolving at an unprecedented rate. The National commission recommendations set our the UK's approach to tackling this challenge.

Professor Alastair Denniston, Chair of the Commission, joins Annabelle to unpack the recommendations, what they mean for the future of AI regulation, and how the UK can balance safety, innovation and the unique opportunities of the NHS.

Recommendations

In this episode, Annabelle is joined by Sarah Townley, Deputy Medical Director at MPS Medical Protection Society, to discuss the growing problem of the "liability sink"—where clinicians and healthcare organisations can end up carrying the legal risk for AI-assisted decisions. We explore why the law is struggling to keep pace with AI, what changes are being proposed, and the practical steps clinicians can take now to protect themselves while using AI safely in practice.

This episode is based on the following reports from the MPS:

Closing the AI Liability Gap: AI, safety, and the case for legislative change

The Safer Practice Framework: Artificial Intelligence: Your medicolegal guide to using AI in practice

Vibe coding is making it easier than ever for non-technical people to build software- but healthcare comes with unique risks and responsibilities.

This episode is a practical guide to using AI-powered development tools safely in clinical settings.

We explore medical device regulation, GDPR, patient safety, and the common pitfalls those working in healthcare need to avoid, alongside real-world examples of low-risk, high-impact tools that can improve workflows today.

Whether you're already building with AI or just curious about getting started, this episode will help you innovate while staying on the right side of regulation.

What happens when the timescales of rigorous evidence are fundamentally incompatible with the speed of health technology?

In this episode, we're joined by Paul Wicks-research neuropsychologist, former BMJ editorial board member, and independent evidence strategist- to explore one of health tech's most pressing unsolved problems.

We discuss why the traditional publishing system is struggling to keep pace with AI, how companies are navigating and sometimes circumventing the evidence landscape, and what a more strategic approach to research actually looks like in practice.

We also ask the bigger question: does evidence generation in health tech need to be redesigned from the ground up, and if so, who should be leading that conversation?

In this episode, Annabelle is joined by Deb Cohen, author of Bad Influence, to explore how social media has become a major source of health information and how it is reshaping the way medical ideas, diagnoses, and treatments are promoted and consumed. We discuss the rise of the health influencer, the booming online market for health and wellness products, and why persuasive storytelling often outperforms traditional medical evidence. From parasocial relationships to fear-based narratives, we unpack the techniques being used to sell health online, how they interact with regulation, and what this means for patient safety, trust, and the future of medical truth in an attention-driven digital world.

In this episode, we explore what informed consent actually looks like when AI is involved in patient care. Annabelle is joined by Anthony Searle a barrister specialising in medical law, and together they unpack how UK consent law is created, how it applies to a world of clinical decision support, autonomous algorithms, AI scribes, and black-box models. They discuss when AI may change the risk profile of care, whether patients need to be told when AI is being used, and the practical challenge of explaining risks and limitations when even developers may not fully understand how some systems reach their outputs.

With no case law, formal NHS guidance, or professional consensus yet on AI-specific consent, this conversation focuses on what can be done now. Including practical principles clinicians, healthcare organisations, and healthtech companies can adopt today- from transparency with patients, to clinician training, to AI providers being clearer about the known, and unknown, limitations of their tools.

Cybersecurity in healthcare is not just an IT concern—it’s a clinical risk. As systems, data, and devices become increasingly connected, vulnerabilities can directly impact patient safety, from disrupted hospital operations to compromised data and malfunctioning medical devices. In this episode, Florence shares insights from her unique background across aerospace, cybersecurity, and healthcare, and introduces TIPPSS—Trust, Identity, Privacy, Protection, Safety and Security—a practical framework for managing cyber risk at a systems level. This conversation explores why we must move beyond securing individual technologies and start thinking holistically about protecting patients in an increasingly digital and interconnected healthcare system.

What does it really take for the NHS to become a better partner for healthtech? In this episode, Annabelle is joined by Liam, to unpack why so many innovations struggle to move from pilot to practice. Drawing on insights from his recent workshop with the NHS Innovation Accelerator.

Full NIA report can be accessed here

Annabelle speaks with physician-scientist and Google research lead Dr. Jake Sunshine about bringing loss-of-pulse detection from research concept to a regulated feature on consumer wearables.

Jake shares the journey from early laboratory experiments to real-world deployment, and how his team designed an evidence strategy where no clear playbook existed—combining simulation, opportunistic clinical validation, and early regulatory engagement. It’s a powerful reminder that innovative technologies often require equally innovative approaches to generating evidence.

In this episode, we explore the emerging phenomenon of AI-induced psychosis and the hidden risks of conversational AI. Dr Josh Au Yeung joins Annabelle to discuss how large language models — designed to engage and please — can unintentionally reinforce harmful beliefs, especially for vulnerable users. We dive into the technical reasons behind this, the societal implications, and the importance of monitoring, education, and safeguards to keep users safe.

YouTube is now one of the most influential sources of health information in the UK.

In this RSM Podcast episode, Annabelle speaks with Vishaal Virani, a clinician leading YouTube’s UK health strategy, about how the platform approaches medical accuracy, tackles misinformation, and elevates trusted sources like the NHS.

We explore how algorithms shape visibility, Youtube's “health shelves” and what they mean for credibility, and what healthcare can learn from digital creators about clarity and communication.

If health journeys now begin on YouTube, we discuss: how do we safeguard medical truth at scale?

As AI in healthcare becomes more autonomous, the question of who is legally responsible when it makes mistakes becomes urgent. In this episode, Annabelle speaks with Majid Hassan to explore the liability gap in the UK and the practical steps organizations and developers can take to protect themselves.

Topics covered include:

• The difference between clinical negligence and product liability

• Why fully autonomous AI complicates accountability, especially when clinicians are taken out of the decision loop

• The concept of a “liability gap” in UK law, and how proving defect or causation in AI is difficult

• Practical steps for healthcare organizations: vendor due diligence, compliance roadmaps, audit trails, staff training, and insurance coverage

• Steps for AI developers to demonstrate due diligence, risk management, and adequate insurance

• Lessons from the EU’s revised product liability directive and its potential implications for UK law

Autonomous AI is often described as a red line in healthcare — something that should only ever assist clinicians, never act independently. But is that really where we are today?

This is the first episode in a series examining autonomous AI. Annabelle is joined by regulatory expert Dr Hugh Harvey to explore the foundations of autonomous AI in healthcare. Together, they unpack what autonomy actually means, where it already exists in clinical practice, and why current regulatory frameworks struggle to address systems that operate without a human in the loop.

The conversation covers risk classification, clinical evidence, post-market surveillance, liability, hospital governance, and why regulatory approval alone is not enough to guarantee trust or adoption.

In this episode, we explore a startling reality: many NHS digital tools lack the mandatory clinical safety assurance required by law. Hosts Annabelle and guests Adrian and Youssof unpack this origins of clinical safety standards, why compliance has been so patchy, the myths and challenges around clinical safety, and what needs to change to protect patients as technology — and AI — scale across the NHS. They discuss how the clinical safety gap can be closed through visibility, accountability, professionalisation.

Link to paper on adherence referenced in the episode: https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e80076

Digital twins in healthcare are catalysing one of the most profound shifts in how we understand, predict and manage human health. In this conversation with Roger Highfield OBE and Prof Peter Coveney, co-authors of Virtual You, we explored the trajectory of digital twins, their technological foundations, and the hurdles that still stand between today’s partial implementations and tomorrow’s fully fledged virtual humans.

In this episode Mark Jenkins, co-founder or Tech-Enabled Care providers Oviva and Paloma Health, discusses:

- What Tech-Enabled providers are and how the differ from conventional care services

- Why some providers are succeeding whilst others have failed

- How you measure and ensure quality of new providers

- How commissioning needs to change to capture the best value for patients

AI agents in healthcare—promise or peril?
In this episode of the RSM Digital Health Podcast, Annabelle Painter speaks with Dr. Keith Grimes about the rise of agentic AI—systems that can reason, plan, and act autonomously. The conversation explores early healthcare use cases and potential future applicaitons, clinical and safety risks, regulatory challenges, and how to get started experimenting with agentic AI.

Listen now on your favourite podcast platform.

This episode features a conversation with Pam Garside -chair of Cambridge Angels - a network of UK business angels

Discussion topics include:

- How to approach and impress angel investors

- How to become an angel investor

- Pam’s top tips and lessons learned from her angel investing experience

- Healthtech market insights and trends

This episode features a conversation with Dr Minal Bakhai - National Director for Primary Care and Community Transformation and Improvement at NHS England. She discusses how technology is enabling system change in General Practice through the Modern General Practice model.

Drawing on her experience of product development, user research and design from working with the digital health industry she shares how she is using an evidence based test-and-learn approach to developing new ways of working in primary care and national standards to ensure that solutions are as useful and accessible as possible.

Minal shares the most important enablers to shifting behaviour across General Practice, the potential of novel technologies like ambient voice transcription and what you need to consider if you want to introduce a new technology into your practice.

Who will be held to account legally for harm caused by AI use in Healthcare? This episode delves into this knotty question with Majid Hassan- a solicitor and parter at Capsticks LLP specialising in Healthcare litigation.

The conversation covers:

- Key legal concepts such as negligence and and product liability

- How the litigation process would take place practically

- Why you could be more at risk from NOT using AI than using it

In this episode focusses on the future of regulatory approvals for AI software medical devices in the UK (and EU).

Featuring guest James Dewar- Co-founder of Scarlet a EU Notified body and UK approved body that specialises in certifying software medical devices. 

Key discussion topics:

• The current regulatory position of the UK post-Brexit and the opportunities that this could present
• The practical impact of the EU AI act for medical device manufacturers within the EU. 
• What makes regulatory submissions uniquely challenging for AI devices
• Getting novel technologies such as Large Language model and other foundation models regulatory approval

In this episode Prof Pearse Keane- Consultant Ophthalmologist at Moorfields and Professor of Artificial Medical Intelligence at University College London discusses AI in Ophthalmology.

Conversation topics include:

• The story of the Moorfields- Google Deep Mind collaboration and the use of AI to detect retinal diseases
• The birth of 'oculomics' as a field: Using the eye as a window to the rest of the body
• The practical challenges of moving from code to clinic when it comes to Healthcare AI
• The potential for the UK to be a world leader in healthcare AI by linking NHS data with top universities
• Medical foundation models and their role in the future of healthcare

In this LIVE recording of the RSM Digital health podcast from the HETT conference guests Darrien Bold and Dr George Harston discuss the key enablers that supported AI for stroke to be deployed in 100% of NHS stroke units in England

Discussion topics include: 

• The power of top down focus on specific areas of unmet need
• Efficiencies gained from centralising due diligence and governance processes
• Resourcing focussed on dedicated central teams, financing local procurement and enabling evaluation 
• Peer to peer learning and the need for shared learning networks 
• Guidelines and the importance of demonstrating evidence of value at a system level

This episode features a conversation with Dr Dillon Obika- Senior Clinical Specialist at Google about MedLM: Google's family of medical foundation models.

Conversation topics include:

- Why and how Google have been developing medical foundation models

- How MedLM is currently being used in clinical practice

- The challenge of evaluating model performance for clinical tasks

- How Google are tackling clinical safety risks arising from hallucinations, omissions and bias

This episode features a conversation with Malte Gerhold- Director of Innovation and Improvement at the Health foundation.

It discusses Implementation Insights from the research and policy undertaken by the Health Foundation on Health technology and AI.

Discussion areas include:

- Why we need to focus on funding change rather than the technology

- The public discussions that are needed about trade-offs patients are willing to make when it comes to AI 

- Why we need a problem driven approach healthtech adoption 

- The importance of avoiding an AI aristocracy in the NHS so that everyone can benefit 

Papers discussed:

Priorities for an AI in health care strategy

How would clinicians use time freed up by technology?

In this episode Dr Kath Halliday- President of the Royal College of Radiologists discusses how AI is impacting radiology.

Discussion points include:

- The AI technologies that are being used in NHS radiology derpatments

- Challenges faced with deploying AI in the NHS

- How AI is likely to change the nature of radiologists' work

- The use of autonomous AI in radiology

Links from the Royal College of Radiologists:

- AI Registry

- AI education course

- AI Code of Conduct

This special edition of the RSM digital health podcast is a joint episode with the hosts of the Dev & Doc podcast focussed on Explainable AI in healthcare.

Key discussion topics:

- The confusion around what explainable AI is

- The question of whether it is really necessary in healthcare

- Exploring different explainability techniques

- The future of explainability and what’s needed to get there

If you like this episode then I'd love to hear your comments and and do check out the Dev & Doc podcast where doctors and engineers unpick healthcare AI related topics

This episode features a conversation with Professor David Lowe- Clinical Director for Innovation at the Digital Health Validation Lab, University of Glasgow and A&E consultant.

Key conversation topics:

- The story of the Digital Health Validation lab

- What validation of Digital Health Technologies means in practice and how it varies depending on the maturity of the technology

- Evaluation challenges and what could be done to overcome them from a policy and governance perspective

- Hints and tips to early stage companies when it comes to evaluation

Digital Health Validation Lab website

This episode explores software as a medical device regulation on both sides of the Atlantic.  It features two incredible guests, Johan (ex-MHRA) and Brendan (ex-FDA) who share their unique perspectives from their respective experience at regulatory agencies. Discussion points include: The key differences between the EU, UK and US approaches to regulation - How these differences impact market entry strategy - Approaches to regulating AI including the EU AI Act and what it means for AI medical device manufacturers - International regulatory harmonization efforts - Key Dos and Don’ts when interacting with regulators

On this episode Dr James Ray National clinical advisor for urgent and emergency care at NHS England shares how digital technologies are being introduced to improve care delivery in 111 and the challenges faced and lessons learned along the way He also shared his vision for how a single digital front door could help to simplify and standardise triage and provide a potential solution to the NHS navigation problem.

This episode focusses on AI & the Limits of Clinician Vigilance and features of conversation with Prof Julia Adler-Mistein, Professor at the University of California.

Conversation topics include 

• Lessons form the aviation and automobile industry
• Should AI be checking clinicians work rather than the other way around?
• Potential solutions to improve clinicial vigilance ability  
• The importance of considering behaviour science and systems design thinking
• Is there an ethical risk of demanding superhuman performance from AI tools?

Paper reference: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2816582

This episode features a conversation with Dr Molly Gilmartin- Health Tech investor at AlbionVC about healthtech market trends and trajectories. 

Discussion topics include:

- Recent healthtech market investment trends

- Predicted trends in the next few years

- How to approach market entry

- Breaking down key buzzwords and phrases from product market fit to TAM, SAM, SOM, CAC and CTLV

- Challenges associated with business cases in healthcare and how these vary across regions

This episode features a conversation about Investment in Healthcare with Dr John Lee Allen who is Managing Partner at RYSE Asset Management.

John has a background as a physician scientist, entrepreneur, and investor and his ability to bridge the gap between academia and industry has made him an influential figure in the fields of science, technology, and investment.

John sits on company boards, is an NHS Board Governor, Grant Assessor at Innovate UK, Expert-In-Residence at Imperial College London, NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Fellow & Mentor, RSM Digital Health Council member and a Fellow at the University of Cambridge.

Conversation topics include:

• Different types of healthtech funders
• How to find your ‘investor tribe’
• Building relationships with the 3 'hums'- humanity, humility and humour
• The AIDA framework for building an effective investor pitch  
• Effective fund raising strategies 

This episode features a conversation with Jess Morley- Health Data Academic at Yale Digital Ethics Centre, discussing ethical implications of digital health transformation.

Jess shares a framework for thinking about some key areas where technology is likely to impact on healthcare and some difficult questions we are going to need to face as a healthcare system. 

Conversation topics include questions about trust, accountability, equity and the changing doctor patient relationship.

This episode features a conversation about bias in healthcare AI models with Dr Xiao Liu- Senior Clinician Scientist in AI & Digital Health, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust.

Discussion topics include:

• How does AI bias arise? 
• How can we tell whether AI algorithms are biased?
• Who should be held accountable for bias in AI systems?
• Is AI the solution for AI bias?

Papers referenced during the discussion:

Ethical Machine Learning in Healthcare: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34396058/

Standing together recommendations: https://www.datadiversity.org/about

This episodes discusses the pragmatic realities of conducting post-market surveillance for AI medical devices. It features a conversation with Dr Dan Mullarkey, Medical Director at Skin Analytics, a company specialising in AI for skin cancer detection.

In our conversation you’ll hear Dan explain how Skin Analytics have tackled some difficult questions such as:

How do you decide the appropriate sensitivity levels of an AI device?

How you can ensure you’re given access to the ongoing outcome data you need from NHS organisations to conduct appropriate PMS 

What are the challenges of dealing with real world data analysis compared to traditional research approaches?

This episode features a conversation focussed on copilots to assist clinicians with Dr Dom Pimenta who is a cardiologist and CEO of Tortus the creators of OSLER, an AI agent for clinicians 

Conversation topics include:

• Clinical liability for AI-augmented decision making
• How can we protect clinicians from the impact of AI misdirection and automation bias
• The practical realities of clinically evaluating LLM tools
• The surprising use of clinical communication skills in LLM prompt engineering

In this episode Dr Chris Kelly- Clinical Research Scientist at Google discusses key barriers to the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare.

In 2019 Chris wrote an article titled ‘Key challenges for delivering clinical impact with artificial intelligence’ and the episode covers how Chris might approach this article if he was writing it again 5 years on.

Chris breaks down the barriers into 6 buckets:

- People factors & change management

- Machine learning and technical factors

- Safety and monitoring of AI once deployed

- Governance

- Regulation

- Business challenges

Mammography AI paper discussed during the episode

In this episode Stephen Carter delivers a masterclass in all things IP for Healthtech and AI

This includes 

• How to decide whether to apply for a patent 
• Why you need to be wary of copyright when using open-source code
• The myth that you cannot patent AI products. 
• Key pitfalls that companies and organisations of all sizes fall into when thinking about IP

In this episode Haris Shuaib- Head of Clinical Scientific Computing at Guy's and St Thomas'​ NHS Foundation Trust shares his vision of what is needed to build an AI-ready NHS.

Haris shares the story of how he created the first-ever NHS specialist medical AI team and discusses the unique value that individuals with a dual skillset of clinical and technical expertise bring to the NHS, allowing it to become:

- an intelligent AI customer

- a learning healthcare system

- a developer of in-house algorithms to solve problems that wouldn't be tackled by commercial AI companies.

Haris also shares the importance of 3 key factors in the success of AI at scale: People, Policy and Platforms

This episode features a conversation with Sara Nelson- Programme Director at DigitalHealth.London focussing on how to pitch healthtech to the NHS.

Sara shares pitching tips based on her experience working within a NHS healthtech accelerator and as deputy CNIO at NHSX

Topics include:

- Navigating the NHS procurement landscape

- Identifying budget holders- why the CEO may not be the best person to pitch to

- Why being too flexible can put buyers off

- The power of effective follow up

- The risk of offering a free pilot

This episode features a conversation with Dr. Bob Wachter, a prominent physician and academic known for his significant contributions to the field of healthcare and technology.

Dr Wachter has authored several influential books including the brilliant "The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine's Computer Age" (2015)

In 2016, Dr. Robert Wachter was commissioned by the UK government to deliver Wachter Review aimed to assess the state of health information technology (IT) in the National Health Service (NHS) and provide recommendations for its improvement. 

As we mark seven years since the Wachter Review, Dr Wachter joins me to reflect on the progress made, future potential, and address the persistent challenges facing the NHS.

The conversation explores the journey that the NHS has come on since 2016 including the widespread introduction of electronic health records, patient health record access and development of NHS CCIOs. It also explores the future of AI enabled healthcare, the challenge of the so-called productivity paradox and whether AI is likely to result tin evolution or revolution of care delivery.

This episode features a conversation with Jeanette Kusel- Director for Scientific advice at NICE the national institute of health and care excellence, and addresses the role that NICE  has to play with regards to digital health technologies

Discussion topics include:

• The difference between the evaluation required for regulatory approval (CE/UKCA marking) and NICE approval
• Innovative new approaches to assessing healthtech innovations including:
• The NICE META tool
• Early value assessments
• The AI and digital regulations service
• NICE Evidence Standards Framework
• What is involved in a NICE approval process for digital health technologies 
• Common mistakes that companies make when evaluating their products and how these can be avoided

Links:

META tool: https://meta.nice.org.uk/

Early value assessments: https://www.nice.org.uk/about/what-we-do/eva-for-medtech

AI and digital regulations service: https://transform.england.nhs.uk/ai-lab/ai-lab-programmes/regulating-the-ai-ecosystem/the-ai-and-digital-regulations-service/

NICE evidence standards framework: https://www.nice.org.uk/about/what-we-do/our-programmes/evidence-standards-framework-for-digital-health-technologies

NICE Real World Evidence framework: https://www.nice.org.uk/corporate/ecd9/chapter/overview

Max Jaderberg, Director of Machine learning at Isomorphic labs, shares the Isomorphic approach to drug discovery in one of their first interviews as they emerge from shadow mode.

In 2020 Google DeepMind made history when they took on the grand challenge of biology- the protein folding problem- with their algorithm AlphaFold2.  Their success prompted the creation of a sister company, Isomorphic Labs. Our conversation topics include:   - The concept of “Digital Biology”- How AI can be used model the biological world 

- Bottlenecks in the drug discovery process and how AI could circumvent them

- How AI may unlock 'undraggable targets' to find treatments for incurable diseases  Links:

Isomorphic labs website: https://www.isomorphiclabs.com/

AlphaMissence: https://www.deepmind.com/blog/alphamissense-catalogue-of-genetic-mutations-to-help-pinpoint-the-cause-of-diseases

This episode focuses on the topic of AI education and workforce transformation with Dr Hatim Abdulhussein, National Clinical Lead for AI and Digital Workforce at NHS England

Key discussion topics include:

- The NHS England strategy for AI education for the healthcare workforce

- 5 healthcare workforce AI archetypes: Shapers, Drivers, Creators, Embedders and Users

- The role of workforce transformation from AI MDT teams to the professionalisation of the digital and data professionals and the creation of new leadership roles in technology and AI. 

Developing healthcare workers' confidence in AI: https://digital-transformation.hee.nhs.uk/building-a-digital-workforce/dart-ed/horizon-scanning/developing-healthcare-workers-confidence-in-ai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Healthcare Technologies Capability framework: https://digital-transformation.hee.nhs.uk/building-a-digital-workforce/dart-ed/horizon-scanning/ai-and-digital-healthcare-technologies?

This episode features a conversation with Eric Topol, a renowned cardiologist scientist, and author. He is the founder and director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute where he is a professor of Molecular Medicine . He is editor-in-chief of Medscape and He has published three bestselling books including the highly influential  Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again . 

In 2019 he led the Topol review a report focussed on planning for the NHS future workforce, integrating genomics, digital medicine, and artificial intelligence.

Our discussion topics include: 

• How LLMs could make doctors more empathetic
• The potential for ‘keyboard liberation’ using LLMs to repair the damage that EHRs have inflicted on the doctor-patient relationship
• The ‘silicon-vallydation’ issue and the need for high quality evidence generation for AI
• Hallucinations and the ‘frequently wrong never in doubt’ issue

This episode features a discussion with Mohammad AI-Ubaydli- CEO and Founder of Patients Know Best on personal health records.

Key discussion points include

- Do patients really know best?

- How personal health records are driving clinicians to rethink the way they write their clinical notes

- Changes that are needed within clinical training to better prepare the workforce for treating patients using personal health records

This episode focusses on the topic of confidence in healthcare AI technologies. My guest is Dr Mike Nix, Lead AI Clinical Scientist at Leeds NHS trust.

Discussion topics include:

• How AI errors and human errors are fundamentally different, and why that’s so important in the context of healthcare AI 
• The concept of explainable AI and its potential limitations in the context of human cognitive biases and decision making 
• The role of regulation in supporting AI confidence 

Link to reports on Healthcare workers' confidence in AI:

https://digital-transformation.hee.nhs.uk/building-a-digital-workforce/dart-ed/horizon-scanning/understanding-healthcare-workers-confidence-in-ai

https://digital-transformation.hee.nhs.uk/building-a-digital-workforce/dart-ed/horizon-scanning/developing-healthcare-workers-confidence-in-ai