This podcast episode is based on an article by Taylor Leach examining why a significant number of Holstein heifers leave dairy herds before producing their first kilogram of milk. Drawing on Michael Overton's analysis of records from 35 dairy herds in the western United States, the article identifies early mortality, respiratory disease, and reproductive failure as major contributors to pre-calving losses. Premature birth and low body weight can further compromise survival, development, and subsequent milk production, creating disadvantages that extend well beyond the calf-rearing period. These losses represent a substantial economic burden because feed, housing, labor, and veterinary investments may never generate a productive return. The analysis highlights the need to combine genomic information with effective health monitoring, housing, reproductive management, and early-life care. Ultimately, the economic success of heifer rearing depends not simply on how many calves are raised, but on how many healthy, fertile replacements successfully enter the milking herd. Withcomments on a "Farm Journal”-article (10/2026) by Taylor Leach: https://www.dairyherd.comund www.dairytalk.info