Explore every episode of the podcast Classical For Everyone

I hope you're in the mood for some truly beautiful music… much of it involving singing. I don't know if I can convert anyone to the delights of early 18th century opera but the songs I'm going to play you in this episode are I think some of the most exquisite ever written. Handel was born in 1685 in Halle near Leipzig in what is now north-eastern Germany and died in London in 1759. By the time he died he was not just the most successful composer in Great Britain… he was one of the most successful people in the nation. And here is a little quote generated by Claude  whilst I was researching this show. It is I think a pretty good summary of why Handel's music has persisted for three centuries… 'The music combines German rigor, Italian lyricism, and English choral traditions into a distinctive, accessible style characterized by memorable melodies, dramatic contrasts, and psychological insight.'

Probably adopted from early pagan traditions, 'All Hallows Eve', which became Halloween; was, and perhaps in some places still is, a night of rituals to call on the spirits of saints and martyrs for our protection in the year ahead; and prayers for the souls of loved ones who might not yet be fully at rest. So when I call this episode 'a different Halloween' all I really mean is that some of the music in this episode is more about sincere spirituality than trick-or-treating. But there are still one or two creepy concessions to today's Halloween. The music is from Modest Mussorgsky, Franz Schubert, Sergei Prokofiev, Rodrigo de Ceballos, John Tavener, Phillip Glass and Gabriel Fauré.

This is the first episode of 'Classical For Everyone' devoted to just one musician so I better have some good reasons… apart from just a personal affection for his recordings. In the English speaking world, the Canadian Glenn Gould was amongst the most recognised and popular pianists in the second half of the 20th Century. In fact, even today, over forty years after his death at the age of 50 in 1982 there are not many pianists of similar stature. Ok, so he has enduring popularity. But why is that? At the heart of it is sheer technical skill. Which of course many pianists had and have… but Gould had a quite specific dexterity… a way of playing that articulated each note with a very precise individuality that could be applied at the same time, when required, at extraordinary speed. And in particular he applied this to the, then relatively unknown, keyboard works of Johann Sebastian Bach… a number of which will be featured in the episode along with music from Beethoven, Byrd, Brahms and Scarlatti.

Music that takes its inspiration from humanity's gaze out into the cosmos and from our attempts to reach beyond this fragile planet we call home. And to access some music that predated the quite modern science of 'astronomy' I've thrown in some works that may owe rather more to 'astrology' or perhaps even to the realm of 'mythology'. As a result this is I think the most eclectic collection of music yet put out into the universe under the 'Classical For Everyone' banner. In the next hour and a quarter you are going to hear music by Gustav Holst, Jean-Phillipe Rameau, Henri Dutilleux, Joaquin Rodrigo, Terry Riley, Johann Sebastain Bach, Brett Dean and Benjamin Britten.

I am being a little deliberately opaque with the title of this episode. There is a certain logic to letting people know what they are going to get. But not today. Because I am hoping that for a good selection of listeners out there the date of 22nd December 1808 is pretty much meaningless. And that what follows will be a bit of a surprise. What happened? Well I guess a lot happened but for our purposes there was a concert. A thirty-eight year old composer, with the help of some aristocratic patrons had booked a big theatre to showcase some of the new music he had been working on. And he was the composer, a performer, the conductor and the promoter. Now the concert turned out to be somewhere between a disappointing night out and an unparalleled disaster… depending on which sources you follow. And you might be wondering why am I featuring an event which, in a city filled with glittering musical events at that time… even as the Napoleonic Wars raged on, was essentially a failure. Might be something to do with the music.

'Unfairly neglected' is a bit of a cliché and pretty subjective but I do think it could describe a mass of great music that a lot of us (us Anglos at least) are missing out on… music from South America. Before I put this episode together I only knew about half the pieces I am going to play. The rest are as new for me as I suspect they might be for you. Which is, I hope, more of a positive than a negative. I don't think I can even get away with describing this episode as 'scratching the surface'… not just because it seems to be 'cliché day' here at Mending Wall Studios… but because an hour and a bit is not a lot of time for the music of an entire continent. Still, it's perhaps worth starting somewhere. Please enjoy music from… Astor Piazzola, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Osvaldo Golijov, Alberto Ginastera and Camargo Guarnieri.

The name comes from the night of the week when for some of us, the demon of insomnia hits the hardest… and because my preferred antidote is getting lost in some music. Of course this series is for everyone… but it is perhaps intended a little more for those of you whose sleep has been troubled. The idea of the special is to play just one piece, uninterrupted and in its entirety… with a few minutes of background explained at the end of the episode. This week… Anton Bruckner's 7th Symphony. Performed by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and conducted by Georg Tintner.

I get it that for some people opera is just noise that they are not ever going to enjoy but if there are listeners out there with a bit of curiousity and an inquiring mind… and that is how I would describe anyone listening to this podcast… then I urge you to have a listen to this episode. Why? Well because if you enjoy any music with singing… then you can enjoy opera. And the selection I have made for this episode is based on one simple criteria… pure pleasure. I think you might enjoy ten pieces of opera… from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Georg Friedrich Handel, Gioachino Rossini, Giuseppi Verdi, Georges Bizet, Giacomo Puccini and John Adams.

The second of a two episode special. His music uniquely blended Western European compositional techniques with distinctly Russian melodic and harmonic elements, creating a style that was both internationally appealing and unmistakably Russian. Remarkably successful in his own lifetime and responsible for so much music that remains popular to this day he is still perhaps not quite given his due. In these two episodes Sleeping Beauties, Memories of Beloved Places, Teasing Peasants, Violins, Pianos and Cannons argue his case.

The first of a two episode special. His music uniquely blended Western European compositional techniques with distinctly Russian melodic and harmonic elements, creating a style that was both internationally appealing and unmistakably Russian. Remarkably successful in his own lifetime and responsible for so much music that remains popular to this day he is still perhaps not quite given his due. In these two episodes Sleeping Beauties, Memories of Beloved Places, Teasing Peasants, Violins, Pianos and Cannons argue his case.

Why New York? Well, mainly because I love the city… and I'm here. I'm recording this episode in a hotel room on West 56th Street in Manhattan around the corner from Carnegie Hall and up the road from The Museum of Modern Art… which is incidentally a very popular place to make TikTok videos. I think there might still be some paintings there… but it was hard to tell today. More importantly… the music in this episode is from Steve Reich, Charles Ives, Jessie Montgomery, Leonard Bernstein, Phillip Glass and George Gershwin.

I'm going to start with a question. If one thinks of musical instruments as tools… as things humans create to perform tasks… other than the violin, is there any other tool you can think of used in an area of incredibly complex human endeavour where the design and construction of it reached its zenith over three hundred years ago and has not been improved upon since? Whilst you ponder that, enjoy music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Josef Haydn, Ludwig Van Beethoven, Johann Sebastain Bach, Samuel Barber, Ross Edwards & Johann Joseph Vilsmayr in this episode of Classical For Everyone.

The name comes from the night of the week when for some of us, the demon of insomnia hits the hardest… and because my preferred antidote is getting lost in some music. Of course this series is for everyone… but it is perhaps intended a little more for those of you whose sleep has been troubled. The idea of the special is to play just one piece, uninterrupted and in its entirety… with a few minutes of background explained at the end of the episode. This week… Aaron Copland's Third Symphony from 1946. Performed by the New York Philharmonic conducted by Leonard Bernstein.

The name comes from the night of the week when for some of us, the demon of insomnia hits the hardest… and because my preferred antidote is getting lost in some music. Of course this series is for everyone… but it is perhaps intended a little more for those of you whom distractions and apprehensions… racing imaginations and freewheeling thoughts hold suspended at the edge of sleep. The idea of the special is to play just one piece, uninterrupted and in its entirety… with a few minutes of background explained at the end of the episode. This week… Gustav Mahler's 1st Symphony.

Brian Eno's 1979 LP 'Music For Airports' launched the genre of 'Ambient Music'… an alternative to the dreadful 'muzak' inflicted on humans in most public spaces… music that reduced stress rather than added to it… music for contemplation that rewarded attention but did not require it. This episode takes that idea and rummages around classical music to see if there are works that might do the same… with thanks to Gavin Bryars, Erik Satie, Tomás Luis de Victoria, Phillip Glass, Richard Wagner, John Adams, Arvo Pärt and Gabriel Fauré.

Instances where composers have hidden something in their works… sometimes for the sheer ingeniousness of being able to do it… sometimes to send a secret message to someone… sometime to create a puzzle for generations to come… sometimes to create a tortured ambiguity of meaning. The music is from a pretty eclectic mix… Johann Sebastain Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Alban Berg, Dmitri Shostakovich and Edward Elgar. Lots of Secrets.

Can something of a survey of the music of Italy… including music of the city states, republics and kingdoms that became the nation of Italy in the late nineteenth century… be done in a little over an hour? Absolutely not. But what I have chosen does perhaps suggest a few themes that can be found in the music made on the Italian Peninsula over the last several centuries. Please enjoy… Giuseppe Verdi, Archangelo Corelli, Claudio Monteverdi, Ottorino Respighi, Carlo Gesualdo, Tomaso Albinoni, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Gioachino Rossini,  Pietro Mascagni and Alessandro Scarlatti.

From fairy tale romances to dark psychological dramas, discover how ballet music evolved while maintaining its essential power to match the poetry of human movement with unforgettable musical expression… what I'm calling grasping towards beauty. This episode explores three centuries of ballet music, from the elegant entertainments of Gluck through the Romantic masterpieces of Adam, Delibes, and Tchaikovsky, to the revolutionary modernism of Stravinsky and Prokofiev, and finally the diverse voices of Copland and Khachaturian.

You could take almost any year of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's life, probably from the age of fifteen onwards and be staggered by both the scale of his output… AND the quality… but his final year… 1791.. was a truly astonishing achievement… including his 27th piano concerto, his 6th string quintet, his clarinet concerto, two complete operas in wildly contrasting genres… 'La Clemenza di Tito' and 'The Magic Flute', and an unfinished Requiem Mass.

There are composers who revel in depictions of the unseen… manifestations of the darker aspects of our imaginations… creatures from realms that four centuries of science just can't seem to eradicate from our vulnerable psyches. Then there are the composers who just can't help but enjoy mucking about with an old fairytale or making fun of our collective gullibility. And some do all at the same time. This week it is spooky music from Grieg, Mussorgsky, Schubert, Saint-Saens, Liszt, Shostakovich, Mozart & Chopin.

Even if you have listened to a fair bit of classical music I'm quietly confident you will not have heard a note of any of what I am going to play you in this episode… unless you happen to hail from or reside in that jewel of a nation… New Zealand / Aotearoa. Trust me, if you can overcome a nervousness about the unfamiliar… you are going to hear some remarkably good music… by composers Anthony Richie, Gillian Whitehead, Martin Lodge, Tabea Squire, John Psathas, Douglas Lilburn and Claire Cowan.

Ludwig van Beethoven arrived in Vienna in late 1792 as a 22-year-old from the town of Bonn to study with Josef Haydn who was at the time undeniably Europe's most celebrated living composer. Beethoven also quickly established himself in Viennese aristocratic circles, securing patronage from nobles who recognized his extraordinary talent both as a virtuoso pianist and as a composer of startling originality. This episode is a collection of music from Beethoven's first decade in Vienna.

This episode starts in Paris in 1909 and ends up in Buenos Aires in 1994… and the music includes a healthy dose of the influence of jazz. If you have a small voice inside saying this is going to be a little more 'modern' and a little less 'enjoyable', I hope you'll trust me to prove that voice wrong… or more particularly that you'll trust Clause Debussy, Malcolm Arnold, Aaron Copland, Igor Stravinsky and Osvaldo Golijov.

This corner of classical music is more generally known by the odd term 'chamber music' but please don't let that stop you from experiencing some incredible music. This is music originally intended for smaller performance spaces… sometimes even just a dining room… written for a small number of instruments and by virtue of that the connection between players and audience can be more intimate and more intense. The music in the episode is by Anne Cawrse, Giovanni Sammartini, Sergei Prokofiev, Felix Mendelssohn, Gareth Farr and Samuel Barber.

There's no way around the fact that this entire corner of classical music is generally known by the term 'chamber music' but please don't let that stop you from experiencing some incredible music… even if you find the term, as I do, just plain odd. This is music originally intended for smaller performance spaces… sometimes even just a dining room… and by virtue of that the connection between players and audience is more 'intimate'. The music in the episode is by Phillip Glass, Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johannes Brahms and Paul Stanhope.

No other filmmaker has used classical music to better effect than the American director Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999). Whilst composers did score some of his films, Kubrick frequently used existing classical pieces… in particular for 2001: A Space Odyssey, Barry Lyndon & The Shining. Kubrick's choices are fascinating and did a lot to get classical music to new audiences. And, besides, how else could I get Schubert, Handel, Ligeti, Penderecki and two Strausses into the one episode of Classical For Everyone?

If you have hit play for this episode then that means you are in that part of the population who have not been entirely turned off Vivaldi by the overuse of his deservedly popular set of violin concertos… 'The Four Seasons'. I am glad you are going to join me for an hour of exquisite music… a concerto for two violins and cello, a mandolin concerto, a song from his semi-opera Andromeda liberata, a cello sonata, a section from his Stabat Mater for solo voice and small ensemble, and because it has to be done… a concerto for violin that is all about 'Winter'

This first adventure with the guitar on Classical For Everyone features quite a bit of music from Spain.. probably the country that was most closely identified with the instrument until companies in America popularised the electric guitar. But as well as Spain there's music from Austria-Hungary, Italy and Brazil with works by Albeniz, Mudarra, Haydn, Granados, Rodrigo, Scarlatti, Villa-Lobos and Falla.

Sometimes music can just be for pleasure and if that is the composer and the performers' intention, then good for them… and good for us listeners. If most music is created to make you 'feel'… then some music can just be to make you feel good. And from time to time happiness can be in short supply… and if that is the case then I hope the music I am going to play you over the next hour can at least give you a smile. In service of that objective… in this episode will be music by Beethoven, Rossini, Bach, Schubert, Westlake, Bizet, Mozart, Gershwin and Vivaldi. Enjoy.

Much music has been inspired by love, passion or obsession…  but only in a handful of cases has the person who was the inspiration… the muse… become publicly linked to a work. Here are the stories of six of them… Alma Schindler, Josephine Brunsvik, Kamila Stösslová, Peter Pears, Clara Wieck and Mathilde Wesendonck. And the music they inspired… by Gustav Mahler, Ludwig van Beethoven, Leos Janacek, Benjamin Britten, Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner.

A percussion instrument is pretty much anything that can be hit, tapped, scraped, scratched or banged. In an orchestra it is generally the responsibility of the individual or small group of people up the back… the ones who get to make the most noise and have to master the most instruments and who, in this episode, help give us armies fighting on an ice covered lake, a peasant girl dancing herself to death, big gates, small rocks and a visit to The Overlook Hotel… with works from the composers Prokofiev, Sculthorpe, Bartok, Stravinsky and Mussorgsky.

If you've ever been puzzled why once you scratch the surface of classical music the name Johann Sebastian Bach seems to just keep turning up… this episode might offer some clues… beyond the fact that the music is pretty good. With the assistance of The English Concert, Maurizio Pollini, John Eliot Gardiner, Wolfgang Rübsam, Masaaki Suzuki, Glenn Gould, Itzhak Perlman, Christophe Rousset, Helena Rathbone & Richard Tognetti.

Amongst all the instruments in the modern string family… violins, violas, cellos and double basses… it is the cello that most closely approximates the range of the human voice… from the lowest bass to the highest soprano and that may be one reason why it seems especially popular. Music from Josef Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, Edward Elgar, Sergei Prokofiev, Samuel Barber, Dmitri Shostakovich;  and, to finish, something for solo cello by Johann Sebastian Bach.

This episode of Classical For Everyone includes musicians slowly leaving the stage… lovers separated by the call of duty…  music for beginning a journey…  and music for a sad and very final farewell. A section of a symphony by Josef Haydn, eight minutes of a Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart opera, a Felix Mendelssohn overture, maybe one of the saddest farewells ever written… from Henry Purcell, and the Adagio For Strings by Samuel Barber.

I am looking out at the New York skyline as I record this episode and in the distance in particular I can glimpse the Ansonia Building. Completed in 1904 as an apartment hotel, it was for the early decades of the 20th century popular with visiting European composer/performers who would supplement their income with concert tours of the USA. In particular Sergei Rachmaninoff and Igor Stravinsky both stayed at the Ansonia… with Stravinsky becoming a frequent resident for over a decade. Researching that building's connection to classical music, I discovered that a narrow stretch of New York's Upper West Side around the Ansonia had also featured in the lives of the composers George Gershwin, Gustav Mahler, Aaron Copland and Leonard Bernstein. So, today you're going to hear music connected to the Upper West Side. Some West Side Stories, if you will.

This episode is all music written by people who have the particular distinction of still breathing. I think it's important to say that nowhere near all classical music is written by dead men from Vienna. One of the unintended consequences of a whole genre of music being called 'classical' is that associations with past eras can disguise the fact that exciting and brilliant new music is being written and performed every day and here are works by Jennifer Higdon, John Adams, Gillian Whitehead, Ross Edwards and Brett Dean.

There's a string quartet written by the American composer Morton Feldman in the 1980s that is about 6 hours long. 'Einstein on the Beach', the opera by Phillip Glass and Robert Wilson, is about five hours long and is performed without an interval. There is of course plenty of classical music that is well under these eye-watering durations. A Vivaldi concerto can be over in ten minutes… Aaron Copland's 'Fanfare for the Common Man' is under four minutes and most Chopin Nocturnes are three to five minutes long. But there is still a perception and an understandable one… that classical music is long. And it is a quick leap to the conclusion that it is too long. Well, there might be another way of looking at it.

This episode of Classical For Everyone is all about Night.. music that evokes the night… that captures the different moods of nighttime, and music written to be performed at night. Night in the Gardens of Spain, Moonlight over the Suffolk Coast, Midnight in a Chapel, Goblins in the bedroom, a walk in a deep, dark forest at night… a Nocturne… and a little night music. Sixty minutes of music by Manuel De Falla, Frederic Chopin, Benjamin Britten, Marc-Antione Charpentier, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schoenberg and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Maybe the place to start... An eight-minute overview of the podcast including some unfairly brief excerpts from music by Ludwig van Beethoven, Dmitri Shostakovich, Johann Sebastian Bach, John Adams, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, George Gershwin and Ross Edwards.

If you're exploring classical music, you'll bump into the term 'sonata' everywhere - piano sonatas, violin sonatas, trio sonatas… even sonata-form. This mini-episode untangles the many meanings of this surprisingly variable word, from its simple origins in Italian to its complex modern uses. And suggests perhaps why composers keep using it when they want you to really listen.

Composers have drawn inspiration from the sea for centuries but only with the rise of the larger orchestras of the nineteenth century did they get the palate needed to create fully persuasive depictions of it. So, apart from one piece for solo piano, major orchestral works are what you will hear in this episode... 'The Sea and Sinbad's Ship' from Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov's 'Sheherazade' an unfairly short interlude from Benjamin Britten's opera 'Peter Grimes', the overture to Richard Wagner's 'The Flying Dutchman', Claude Debussy's 'The Sunken Cathedral', New Zealander Gareth Farr's massive 'From the Depths sound the Great Sea Gongs' and more Debussy… 'Games of the Waves' from 'La Mer' or 'The Sea'.

Spend any time with musicians who play in an orchestra it won't be long before they are sharing war stories of their experiences with dreadful conductors. The subtext of some of these conversations is a half-serious belief that the conductor is just a face for the poster, a body for fundraising events and a target for critics having a bad night… someone the orchestra could survive perfectly well without and, if anything, the performance would be better and everyone on the stage… and in the audience… would have a much more enjoyable time.

James Brown once sang, 'It's a Man's, Man's, Man's World' - and for centuries, classical music was exactly that. While talent knows no gender, opportunity certainly did, and countless musical voices were silenced by social barriers and prejudice. But some composers refused to be quiet. This episode introduces music by six women who found ways to make their voices heard: Fanny Mendelssohn, whose works sometimes appeared under her brother's name; Florence Price, who broke barriers as an African-American woman in classical music; and contemporary voices like Jennifer Higdon and Elena Kats-Chernin, whose works premiere in today's concert halls, alongside powerful music from Peggy Glanville-Hicks and Maria Herz.

Ravel was born in the Basque borderlands of France in 1875 and much of his music can be thought of as Spanish rhythms meeting French elegance. He was accepted into the Paris Conservatory as a teenager to study piano but instead focused on composition. For the first couple of decades of his adult career he was not welcomed by the musical establishment of the day. But especially after the First World War he came to be seen as a major figure and with increasing international success he was by the 1930s considered France's greatest living composer. Ravel's music in this episode is a section of his first Piano Concerto, the Pavane for a Dead Princess, a little taste of his String Quartet, his amazing orchestral work, La Valse or The Waltz, the 'Blues' section of his second Violin Sonata… and his rather popular 'Bolero'.

Sonata, cantata, concerto, adagio... for English speakers approaching classical music, these Italian terms can feel like an unnecessary barrier. This mini-episode explores how Italian became classical music's universal language… its journey from the cultural power of Renaissance Italy to today's international concert halls. A short look at why these terms are still with us, and (annoyingly) why knowing the names of six types of pasta isn't quite enough Italian for classical music.

On January 27th 1786 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart turned 30. He had already written an astonishing amount of music of an incredible standard. He had been happily married to Constanze Weber for three years and their son Karl Thomas was fifteen months old. After moving to Vienna from Salzburg in 1781; Mozart had by 1786 reached perhaps the most economically secure position he would ever have. Essentially he was an in-demand freelance performer / composer with an emphasis on keyboard works and a growing reputation in the court of Joseph II, the Emperor of Austria. Enjoy excerpts from a piano concerto, a symphony, small ensemble music, a solo piano work, a horn concerto and a quite popular opera.

Like many terms in classical music 'woodwind' is a vague catch all that is now a little out of date. After all, modern flutes aren't even made of wood anymore. But tradition is strong and everyone is going to keep calling them 'woodwinds'. More importantly, these instruments, whether crafted from wood, metal, or modern materials, have drawn composers to their distinct voices for over two centuries… including the music in this episode by John Adams, Claude Debussy, Carl Maria von Weber, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Antonio Vivaldi and Carl Vine.

Composers respond to ideas, emotions, literature, people, history… and places. Places they've lived, places they've been and places they've only dreamed of. In this episode Felix Mendelssohn captures the echoes of Fingal's Cave, Peter Sculthorpe and William Barton evoke a rocky outcrop in Australia's Northern Territory, Charles Ives wanders through Central Park, Peter Maxwell Davies celebrates the town of Stromness in the Orkney Islands, and Ralph Vaughan Williams conjures the frozen wilderness of Antarctica.

Benjamin Britten is today perhaps best known for his operas which included 'Peter Grimes', 'The Turn of The Screw', 'Billy Budd' and 'Death In Venice'. But I am actually going to feature more of his orchestral work in this episode. There'll be a bit of singing today but I'm going to save up his operas for another time. You'll hear some of his Violin Concerto, Simple Symphony, Ceremony of Carols, Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, War Requiem, Young Persons Guide To The Orchestra... and the incredible Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes.

The name comes from the night of the week when for some of us, the demon of insomnia hits the hardest… and because my preferred antidote is getting lost in some music. Of course this series is for everyone… but it is perhaps intended a little more for those of you whose sleep has been troubled. The idea of the special is to play just one piece, uninterrupted and in its entirety… with a few minutes of background explained at the end of the episode. This week… John Luther Adams' 'Become Ocean'. Performed by the Seattle Symphony Orchestra conducted by Ludovic Morlot.