The Cannon Stats Podcast is back by popular demand!
Adam and Scott gather to discuss the League Cup match against Preston, highlighting Ethan Nwaneri as the standout player. They express their excitement for his performance and also cover the contributions of Gabriel Jesus, Raheem Sterling, and Jakub Kiwior.
The second topic offers a broader perspective on the season thus far, examining Arsenal's performance against expectations, and concludes with a focus on the upcoming weekend match against Newcastle.
It is good to be back and we hope you enjoy this episode.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
Expecting Goals with Michael Caley
Monday, January 22, 2024 • Duration 50:10
I am happy to bring you a special edition of the Cannon Stats podcast talking to a returning guestMichael Caley.
He is here to talk about his new newsletter Expecting goals, which looks to take a break from the week-to-week view and dedicate time to studying a particular question that is underappreciated or is something that we “know” or “assume” to be true but don’t have a good data to say how much or to what degree or when these things from maybe nothing to something.
We have a wide-ranging discussion but the later part talks about the first study that has been published looking at substitute effects.
This is something I think is very interesting and something that on a player basis we discount but aren’t really sure how much (now we will have a better idea and I will absolutley be borrowing this). This also leads to further questions about what teams do in the face of these substitution effects and is that actually optimal.
I have done a little bit of looking at this but like after everytime I talk with Mike, I always feel like there is so much more to try and uncover.
Have a listen, consider subscribing, and let us know what you think.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
North London Derby Preview with Michael Caley
Thursday, September 21, 2023 • Duration 31:06
This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.cannonstats.com
On the latest bonus episode of the CannonStats Podcast, I am joined by Michael Caley (@MC_of_A on Twitter) of the Double Pivot Podcast to preview the North London Derby coming up on Sunday.
We start off lightly talking about how he got into soccer and how he settled on supporting the fighting chickens of Tottenham (don’t blame him too much).
We then go i…
Cannon Stats #15 - Defeating the Goodison Boogeyman
Friday, September 15, 2023 • Duration 47:44
The CannonStats Podcast is back looking at the news on Bukayo Saka that he might nursing an Achilles injury. Unsurprisingly Mikel Areta has downplayed the severity but that doesn’t mean people still aren’t worried about it. Here is what he said in his press conference:
He’s fine. He trained normally today so nothing to report there. Every player has pains or issues. That’s normal in elite sports, but nothing to worry about.
With the news coming out Adam took a look at what that means for his minute’s load, and how other teams have dealt with playing time for their young talisman.
That transitions into how much rotation should Arsenal look to do with the Champions League coming back starting next week and a run of 7 matches in 22 days. It is a big run for Arsenal to keep the goals for the season within reach and will tell us quite a bit on how much Arteta plans on using his squad.
Last a look ahead to Arsenal’s trip to Everton, where things have not gone well for Arsenal going winless in over half a decade.
All that and more on the latest CannonStats podcast.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
Cannon Stats Podcast: 7amkickoff
Wednesday, September 13, 2023 • Duration 01:17:26
Tim from 7amkickoff is back again to talk about the first month of the season. We go through how our perspective on Arsenal and the other top teams have changed from the start of the season with the teams set, and the first four matches in the books.
We also take your questions to wrap things up.
Hope you enjoy!
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
Advanced Stats 101:
Tuesday, September 12, 2023 • Duration 31:16
This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.cannonstats.com
Ever wondered what stats mean and when the right time was to use them was?
Well, this is the podcast/video for you!
In this bonus episode, I am joined by Clive Palmer to talk about advanced stats, and how they help us to understand the game. Learn how the stats work, what the limitations are, and what context is needed for the stats.
Below is the very detailed notes and explanations I wrote to prepare for this podcast.
This is probably the advanced stat one that people are most familiar with but it is probably still a bit understood.
I think the resistance to the idea behind rating chances has broken down. We all naturally have an intuitive sense of when a chance is high or low-quality. For example the Gabriel Jesus goal against Manchester United. We KNOW this is a clear chance and that there is a high probability of scoring here.
But what is the estimate of scoring here?
For this shot in my expected goals model, it is rated as 67% chance of being converted, which is going to be on the higher side for what chances will end up being rated.
The largest factors for a shot’s rating is the distance from goal, the angle of the goal for the player to aim at, and if it was taken with feet, head or other.
Cannon Stats #14 - Ballons d'Or
Friday, September 8, 2023 • Duration 01:01:39
It’s an international break but that doesn’t mean that the coverage of Arsenal needs to stop. In the latest episode, Adam and Scott talk about the Ramsdale vs Raya debate and when we might see David Raya make his first appearance for Arsenal.
"Mail Sport understands Gunners head coach Mikel Arteta is giving serious consideration to giving Raya, a loan arrival from Brentford, a prolonged first-team opportunity in the coming weeks."
There is also discussion about the early goal-keeping stats that are floating around about Ramsdale and how much stock to put into that.
Later is the discussion of the Ballon d’Or nominations for three Arsenal players. This is the first time in a long time (going back to Alexis Sanchez) that an Arsenal player has had the honor.
To wrap up part one is a look back on Nicolas Pepe and his time at Arsenal coming to an end.
Should Arsenal have done better with the scouting and recruitment? How does this look in hindsight and what do we learn from this transfer.
Howard Webb: “And I was watching this game and thought to myself, that looks like a penalty kick. At full speed as Kai Havertz goes between Wan-Bissaka and Casemiro. The penalty was given and we know that the VAR will always check every penalty situation.
“It was a good use of VAR. The referee believed that Wan-Bissaka had tripped Havertz, but the video shows something quite different that there's no actual contact initially.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit
Cannon Stats #13 - Deadline Day!
Friday, September 1, 2023 • Duration 01:25:39
TRANSFERS!
Or more precisely the lack thereof. That is how the end of the transfer window has gone for Arsenal and has caused people to go into a tizzy with the overall squad.
So that seems like a job for the stats guys to take the cold hard rational look at things and grade how the window went for Arsenal.
After the break things switch to looking at the draw for the Champions League. Arsenal drew what looks to be a group on the easier side with Sevilla, PSV, and RC Lens. Adam breaks things down and gives us his thoughts on all the teams.
All that and more on the latest edition of the Cannon Stats Podcast.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
Bonus Pod: Chatting United and beyond with Pauly Kwestel
Friday, August 25, 2023 • Duration 01:01:49
On a special bonus pod, Scott is joined by Pauly Kwestel of the Substack Kwest Thoughts.
They chat about the state of Manchester United, how they are still struggling so far this season with an identity that has not evolved and still looks like it doesn’t quite fit with the team.
In the second half of the show, they talk about the article written looking at the idea that fans like to dwell on that certain players got away or could have come cheap years previously if only [insert excuse] hadn’t happened.
Last the conversation takes a turn towards the Super League and the general state of the game.
All this and more on the latest edition of the Cannon Stats Podcast.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.cannonstats.com/subscribe
Cannon Stats #12 - Selling Time (fixed Audio)
Friday, August 25, 2023 • Duration 49:04
The first version cut off the ending of the podcast, this version should have the full audio.
There is a week left in the transfer market and Arsenal are still looking at a squad that is over-stocked with players. The start of trying to get sales, loans, and departures of all kinds are in full swing and the main focus of part 1.
Adam and Scott talk about the pending sale of Folarin Balogun to AS Monaco, going into if this was it good business and if the club could have or should have done anything different with him.
They also look at the other players in Departure lounge, in Kieran Tierney, Nicolas Pepe, Sambi Lokonga, and Rob Holding.
For the last section of Part 1, there is a look at the newest link Perr Schuurs, a centerback from Torino.
FCA Voting is Open
Nominations for the Football Content Awards is open. We are still a relatively small website (but I think pretty mighty) and it would be pretty cool to see if we can get a nomination.
We are looking to see if you can support us in the “New Content Creator” category.
You can do so through the FCA Website or through a tweet that includes the following:
I am voting in @The_FCAs for @CannonStats in the category: best new content creator.
Thank you for your support and we will cross our fingers.
Part 2
In the second half of the show the attention turns towards the actual results on the field with a look back at Crystal Palace and the overall formation with Thomas Partey at right back.
Finally a look ahead to Fulham and the Champions League draw.
This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit
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The information for this comes from event data that gives the time and location of every on-ball action on the field. From this, we can infer information about the chance and use that to compare it to how those factors of applied to shots with similar characteristics.
This shot is from a fast break situation, which helps tell that the defense is not going to be set and it a more dangerous situation. The speed of this move is 7.3 yards per second making this a very direct attack with is another positive indicator that the defense has been unsuccessful in slowing the attack down.
Jesus completes a dribble before he shoots this is a major positive for his chance as it is a clear indicator that he has opened up space for a shot.
This is also given the “big chance” indicator by Opta and that is a bit of a cheat that helps that this is not pressured and a one-on-one.
One of the major limits of doing this with the regular event data is that the model is blind to where the other players are and information needs to be inferred from other characteristics.
We see this when he takes the shot:
The model from the event data only knows this and has to guess as to everything else from the proceeding events and the characteristics of the shot:
This is an obvious shortcoming and why when you see the xG for a shot, especially from ones that don’t have tracking elements (for example Statsbomb uses freeze frames to also show where all the players are in the frame for the events that they capture. The newer Opta data also uses something similar to get around this) it should come with pretty large error bars for the estimate of the “true” probability for the shot. With this shot we can make some decent assumptions, it’s a direct/fast break so minimal defenders back. Jesus made a dribble before he shot which probably means he isn’t under pressure when he shoots but it is still a bit of guesswork on to just how open it might be.
When to Use xG
You will see xG used in a number of different places and ways. One of the more popular is after a match; I post a couple of different illustrations of the xG for a match that I think are helpful for describing the game.
The first is the xG shot map, which plots all of the shots and goals for each team and the size of the dot corresponds to the xG value. This gives a nice picture of where the shots took place and how dangerous those shots were. There are a number of different ways that a team can accumulate the different xG values and seeing the shots helps provide more information and context for the number.
The next popular type is the xG race chart.
This shows the timing and value of the different shots that each team took. It can help illustrate a number of different things that might not be obvious from a shot chart alone. First is that game state (the score, and number of players on the field) matters and will change the strategy for teams. Second, it also helps describe and get a feel for how the game has gone from the total chance creation.
With my running xG charts I also add in error bars, which is the shaded area to help illustrate the uncertainty that comes with each shot that we identified earlier.
Single match xG is still better thought of as a descriptive tool, it tells you what happened in a match. It can help tell you if a team was better or if perhaps a win was lucky but that is just part of the picture (we will have more stats on this kind of thing later). A single match can be pretty random with lots of small things affecting if a clear-cut chance happens or not. Over more matches, the signal becomes stronger and the value of xG starts to shine through.
Using xG in the season
One of the things that xG is good at, is that it is a better predictor of future goals scored/allowed for a team than other measures, especially in smaller sample sizes. When you get into the 8-12 match range the advantage for xG is at its highest over goals in predictive power, with goals closing the to be nearly as good as xG as the season progresses further.
This is especially helpful when there is a big deviation from expected and actual production during the period in question, as the better bet is that future production will be closer to xG than goals.
Even better however is using a combination of the two with weights of 70/30 because goals also have important information about a team. This is why you will see me use charts like this in the season.
Goals provide information, they are the main component of what a team is trying to do in a game towards winning points
One other thing is that aggregation can hide information with outlier games having an outsized effect on things. For situations like this I have another chart that I think is a helpful wau to look at a team.
This chart plots a team’s xG for and against over the course of the season. For Arsenal last season they were consistently better than their opponents with just a handful of times where they were outplayed and one really big outlier performance.
This is another one that you can also use the weighted xG and Goals as well to help get the story of the season for the team.
Post Shot Expected Goals/Goalkeeping Metrics
Post-Shot xG (PSxG) or xG On Target (xGOT) are models that look to measure the xG value of a shot but instead of stopping at the moment that shot is taken it also looks at where the shot is in relation to the frame of the goal.
For a post-shot xG model, the biggest factors are still the distance and angle of the shot, but also now also the z and y coordinates of where it is estimated to cross the goal line.
PSxG models do not take into account the positioning of the keeper (by design because better positioning is a skill that will help a keeper save more than expected) and some have information about how hard the bull has been struck but that is not available in the more simple event data.
When to Use PSxG
Post-shot xG is also a noisy stat where finding the signal of how good a goalkeeper is at keeping out shots or a player is at placing their shots is harder to estimate. Season to season a goalkeeper’s goals prevented compared to expected (PSxG- Actual Goal) is in the +/- 0.2 goals prevented per 90 range, that is a BIG variation from season to season.
If for example, you have Aaron Ramsdale who for his career is roughly at 99% for goals saved compared to average, in a single season it wouldn’t be out of the ordinary to see that fluctuate to between 115% and 75% and that is what he has done for his career!
I have not seen the same level of estimates of when exactly these type of stats become more reliable with confidence intervals that are not huge yet like what has been done with finishing where you can start seeing a signal at the 75+ shots range but realistically a few hundred shots to have confidence about a player’s finishing skill.
My intuition is that it is probably in the 150+ to start seeing a signal and in the 300 or more range to get a more reliable idea but I have not had the time to put this to the test. A project for another day.
So given the above information, it does feel like goalkeeper stats are ones that should come with pretty high error bars around them, especially for a single shot, a single match, or even a season.
They can be thought of I think as at best rough estimates but beyond that my confidence with them comes with large caveats.
Expected Threat (xT)/Goal Probability Added(GPA)
This was a popular question when I asked what people wanted to learn about.
Expected Threat was created by Karun Singh (now employed by Arsenal) and has become one of the more popular ways of calculating on-ball actions. If you are interested in the nitty-gritty of how it works he has a nice write-up on the methodology on his blog.
The shorter explanation is that the pitch is laid out into zones and a player is credited with the difference in value between those zones as it is moved through passing and carrying.
My model also works off of zones and the value of each is trained from the xG created in a possession after the ball has been in that zone, along with the probability that the other team will create xG from you having possession in that zone. Giving you a pitch that looks something like this:
Most of the field is not very valuable, with pretty minor increases until you get within 25 or so yards of goal. You will also see that possession in your own box is negative meaning the other team is more likely to score when the ball is there than you are.
My model also takes into account the failure of an action and how that changes both teams’ chances of scoring.
I took a lot of inspiration from the work done on by American Soccer Analysis and their Goals Added model for direction on certain questions. My model also breaks things down into similar parts, passing, receiving, carrying, dribbling, and shooting.
I have started breaking down defensive actions as well for how that changes the opposing team’s actions but don’t publish that regularly with match reports.
With this you can create fun sequence-type charts that show the change in goal probability as the ball moves around the pitch. This is the first goal in Arsenal’s 3-1 win against Manchester United scored by Martin Odegaard.
Most of the buildup play is low value because it is still far away from goal. The play starts to become more valuable as it gets into the final third. From there the pass into Eddie Nketiah in the half-space adds 3% to the chance of scoring, his pass into the box to Gabriel Martinelli adds 8% and then his cross adds 20% with the very good finish adding another 5%.
Why use xT or GPA?
“Another step by Havertz, his leg goes into Wan-Bissaka. The VAR, really calm and concise, recognises all of that, thinks it's a clear and obvious error. I agree. Recommends a review. We get to the right decision.”
It is positive to hear the process but it still needs to probably be refined more.
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