What’s needed to build a successful lymphangiography practice? Dr. Bill Majdalany joins host Dr. Chris Beck to answer this question and to discuss advancements in lymphangiography over the past decade. Dr. Majdalany is the Chief and Vice Chair of Research of Interventional Radiology at University of Vermont. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Guerbet --- SYNPOSIS The doctors provide insights on various lymphatic procedures such as thoracic duct embolization, stenting, and recanalization. They also discuss the evolving significance of lymphatic medicine in interventional radiology and its potential applications in treating conditions like ascites and variceal bleeding. The conversation underscores the interconnected nature of the lymphatic system throughout the body, emphasizing the revolutionary potential of lymphangiography in modern medicine. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 04:23 - Building a Lymphangiography Practice 08:36 - The Lymphatic Revolution 17:42 - Practical Tips and Equipment for Lymphangiography 30:09 - Advanced Interventions and Tools 48:45 - Future of Lymphatic Interventions 51:23 - Conclusion and Resources --- RESOURCES BackTable VI Podcast Episode #135 - IR Residency Pathways & Getting In! (Part 1) with Dr. Jeff Bodner and Dr. Bill Majdalany: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/contributors/dr-bill-majdalany Seminars in Interventional Radiology - Lymphatics: https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/issue/10.1055/s-010-49075 Lymphatic Anatomy: https://www.techvir.com/article/S1089-2516(16)30042-7/abstract

What is the final frontier of interventional radiology? Dominic Tanzillo and Dr. Richard Moon believe it could be space. Dominic is a 3rd year medical student at Duke University interested in interventional radiology (IR) and space medicine, and Dr. Moon is a Professor at Duke University and an expert in hyperbaric and aerospace medicine. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Medtronic DCB https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/cardiovascular/drug-coated-balloons.html --- SYNPOSIS Dominic and Dr. Moon cover the potential for IR in deep space missions, focusing on the unique challenges astronauts face, such as altered blood flow, increased clotting risks, and the impacts of microgravity on the human body. The episode dives into NASA’s investments in portable medical technologies, the practicalities of emergency medical procedures in space, and the need for minimally invasive interventions. The significance of IR in diagnosing and managing vascular issues in space is discussed, as well as the broader implications for future Mars missions and long-term space travel. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 02:36 - IR in Space 20:04 - Medical Issues Astronauts Face 26:27 - Remote Surgery and Telesurgery 30:45 - Emergency Evacuations in Space 32:32 - More on Space Medicine --- RESOURCES Aerospace Medicine Association: https://www.asma.org/about-asma/careers/aerospace-medicine Translational Research Institute for Space Health: https://www.bcm.edu/academic-centers/space-medicine/translational-research-institute Space Medicine Coursera: https://www.coursera.org/learn/space-medicine-duke What Space Medicine Taught Me About Science Communication | Dominic Tanzillo | TEDxDuke: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBkdvSByneM Dominic Tanzillo: https://dominictanzillo.github.io/

Bringing more interventional radiology to rural America would benefit many patients who currently do not have access to minimally invasive, image guided medicine. In today's episode, Dr. Frederick Johnson, an interventional radiologist practicing in Thomasville, Georgia joins us to discuss the unique dynamics and challenges of setting up and maintaining a successful rural IR practice. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Medtronic ClosureFast https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/c/cardiovascular/closurefast-rfa-system.html --- SYNPOSIS Dr. Johnson provides insights into the professional service agreement (PSA) model that allows his practice to maintain autonomy while collaborating with the local hospital. The episode explores the complexities of recruiting to a rural setting, maintaining a broad case mix, ensuring financial stability, and fostering professional satisfaction. The conversation highlights the importance of redefining independence and the benefits of integrating collaboration into IR practices. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 02:29 - Dr. Johnson’s Background and Journey 11:46 - Professional Service Agreement (PSA) Explained 18:48 - Daily Operations and Structure 24:19 - Teamwork in Rural Healthcare 30:35 - Recruitment and Growth 33:33 - Compensation and Financial Incentives 42:05 - Benefits of Small Town Living 44:34 - Advice for Aspiring Rural Healthcare Practitioners --- RESOURCES Vita Surgery/Vascular Website: https://vitadr.org/

In this episode, host Dr. Chris Beck interviews Dr. Juan Gimenez and Dr. Tyler Sandow. Juan and Tyler are both interventional radiologists in New Orleans, Louisiana who practice at Ochsner Health System - one of the United States’ leading transplant centers. As a result, both doctors have significant experience in Y-90 radiation segmentectomy and other complex procedures for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Boston Scientific TheraSphere https://www.bostonscientific.com/therasphere --- SHOW NOTES Juan and Tyler start the episode by telling us about how their practice has evolved over the years, their experience on tumor boards, and advice for building strong relations with transplant surgeons. The doctors also tell us about their approach to working-up patients with HCC, the variety of treatment modalities, and overall timeline to transplant. Next we discuss considerations for building an effective interventional oncology service. Taking full ownership at every step of the way is critical to this goal. To conclude the episode, Juan and Tyler discuss the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging algorithm, their research, and other factors that guide their treatment plan. Stay tuned for Part 2 of this discussion, releasing later this week! --- RESOURCES Premiere and TRACE Trials: https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/medical-specialties/interventional-radiology/interventional-oncology/therasphere/clinical-data/premiere-trial-and-trace-trial.html

In this episode, host Dr. Jacob Fleming interviews Dr. Dana Dunleavy about spinal tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation. Dana is an interventional radiologist and Director of Windsong Interventional & Vascular Services. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Stryker Interventional Spine https://www.strykerivs.com --- SHOW NOTES Dana begins the discussion by reflecting on his upbringing in a small country town. His parents, his mother a midwife and his father a contractor, shaped his early experiences. His exposure to medicine began through his mother, particularly in witnessing childbirths. As he navigated his way through medical school, he contemplated various specialties, including orthopedic surgery, interventional radiology, and neurosurgery. He discovered incredible mentors in radiology and ultimately found his place in the field of interventional radiology. During his residency at Johns Hopkins, he sought externships in interventional spine and had the opportunity to immerse himself in this field for one month. He underscores the significance of participating in tumor boards and being a valuable contributor to the team in terms of diagnosis and treatment. He also emphasizes the value of calling consults when performing biopsies and the importance of meeting with the patient face-to-face and engaging in a thorough discussion of the treatment plan. Next, Dana delves deeper into the topics of bone tumor ablation and mechanical augmentation. He notes the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of the patient's anatomy and being well-versed in interventional tools. Cement extravasation is a feared complication of vertebral augmentation, so Dana discusses the role of implants as a means to establish structural support and mitigate the risk of cement leakage. In addition, he talks about his approach in combining ablation with mechanical augmentation so that the augmentation provides a structure after the ablation. Lastly, he discusses the use of advanced technology such as cone beam CT in trajectory planning. He shares his hybrid approach to performing bone biopsies, utilizing fluoroscopy during access and cone beam CT to ascertain accurate trajectory.

In this episode, host Dr. Ally Baheti interviews Dr. Bill Julien about strategies to secure independent IR hospital privileges. Bill is an experienced vascular interventional physician at South Florida Vascular Associates. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html Siemens Healthineers https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/ Reflow Medical https://www.reflowmedical.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Bill starts the episode by telling us why it is crucial for vascular and interventional physicians to have hospital privileges. We learn about Bill’s career progression. He discusses the growing pains he faced, how he effectively tackled these challenges, and how he became staff at a number of hospitals. Bill and Ally then unfold Bill’s detailed roadmap for how IRs can join hospital staff. They explore different pathways, and Bill shares his anecdotes and advice throughout. The doctors discuss how many contracts leave little opportunity to build longitudinal care practice, since the majority of time can be dedicated to large volumes of diagnostic reading time and consults for non-complex cases. At the conclusion of this episode, Bill emphasizes the need for SIR and other societies to step in and usher change. He also shares his 13-point action list for what SIR can do to accomplish this and help IRs secure hospital privileges (linked in Resources section). --- RESOURCES SIR Strategic Plan: https://tinyurl.com/SIRstrategicplan SIR Policy Statement: https://tinyurl.com/SIRpolicystatement Dr. Bill Julien’s Clinical Practice Position: https://tinyurl.com/clinicalpracticeposition2 ACR Policy Statement: https://tinyurl.com/ACRpolicystatement

In this episode, host Dr. Dana Dunleavy engages in a thought-provoking discussion about independent interventional radiology practice with two esteemed IRs, Dr. Kavi Devulapalli and Dr. Ian Wilson. Together, they discuss the complexities and opportunities in the ever-evolving landscape of IR. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES We start off the discussion with Kavi expanding on early experiences in working a standard DR / IR split that most IRs tend to work in. He elaborates on how this split was not what he, as well as most IRs, intended to practice in when they entered the field. Thus, he then shifted over to the OBL space, a gratifying journey, but one he notes was difficult to navigate due to the intricacies. As Kavi finally transitioned to locum tenens work, he reflects on its appeal, despite the scarcity of opportunities. He notes that locum tenens work is usually in areas with an extreme dearth of IRs, such as rural areas. This conversation also explores the topic of exclusive contracts. Their impact on independent IR practices' access to hospital privileges is also explored, shedding light on the challenges faced by IRs seeking to expand their reach. Ian then notes that his locum tenens work was also in a rural setting, and how he had served this location for an extended period of time due to their lack of retention of IRs. The discussion then reveals a growing trend among physicians, as more and more are turning to locum work due to its exclusive focus on the IR aspect of the job that initially attracted them to this field. It's a mutual demand, as physicians seeking to specialize in IR find locum work to be a well-suited avenue, while areas of healthcare dearth are equally eager to tap into the expertise of these specialists. Both guests emphasize the urgent need for sustainable solutions to address this growing public health crisis in rural areas. This is precisely where organizations like Travelier come into play. Travelier was established by IRs, one of whom is Kavi, with a mission to bridge this critical gap by offering world-class IR services to communities with unmet needs. Their approach involves assembling dedicated physician teams and creating interventional radiology practices that generate revenue while providing viable work solutions for radiologists. This discussion is a testament to the adaptability and innovation that drive the field of IR, characterized by the commitment to improving healthcare access in areas where it is needed the most. It's also a testament to the increasing mutual demand for specialized IR services and the unique opportunities that come with it. --- RESOURCES Travelier: https://travelierir.com

In this episode, host Dr. Ally Baheti interviews Dr. Marcelo Guimaraes about using radiofrequency wires for sharp recanalization. Marcelo is an interventional radiologist at the Medical University of South Carolina. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Marcelo begins by telling us about the Sniper technique, what RF wires are, and how they are used in sharp recanalization. He provides indications for using RF wires and his general workup and intraoperative flow for recanalization interventions. Marcelo also discusses the use of RF wires for iliocaval occlusions, SVC/upper extremity occlusions, and chronically occluded stents. Marcelo gives a comprehensive explanation of how and why the Sniper technique has evolved over the years. We also cover RF wires’ capabilities in crossing particularly, long occluded segments and the importance of cone-beam CT in complex cases. Ally and Marcelo then discuss applications of IVUS in sharp recanalization. Marcelo also shares his thoughts on possible alternatives to the RF wire and speaks about current and future applications of RF wires in non-vascular cases. Marcelo ends the episode by sharing tips on how to avoid unfavorable outcomes when using an RF wire, which includes his caution against using the Sniper technique in the office-based lab (OBL) setting. --- RESOURCES JVIR Paper from Dr. Marcelo Guimaraes on RF wires in recanalization of central vein occlusions: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22739648/ PowerWire Radiofrequency Guidewire: https://baylismedtech.com/radio-frequency-wires/powerwire-rf-guidewire/

In this episode, host Christopher Beck discusses the current landscape of IR training with Dr. Neil Jain, a fourth-year IR/DR resident at Georgetown University. Neil, who attended medical school in New Jersey, discusses his early desire for a diverse medical career encompassing clinical work, innovation, and mentorship. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES To start the episode off, Neil offers valuable advice on when to decide on interventional radiology as a career path. He emphasizes that the ideal timing varies based on one's portfolio, but he personally found his passion for IR during his first year of medical school, which facilitated building meaningful connections early on. The conversation then explores the different pathways to entering the field of interventional radiology, including integrated, ESIR, and classic routes. Neil provides insights into the pros and cons of each pathway, shedding light on the evolving landscape of residency applications. We then delve into the changing dynamics of application processes, as Neil discusses the nuances of the recent changes and how students can strategically navigate them. He introduces the concept of "signaling" features, gold and silver star preferences, and the importance of proper program selection when applying to IR residency. Neil also offers guidance on away rotations, emphasizing their significance for students aspiring to match into competitive IR programs. He underscores the dedication to IR as a crucial factor in securing a match. Another key factor is mentorship, and Neil highlights how peer and attending mentors as well as the resources provided by the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) can play an enormous role in matching into IR. The discussion then shifts to the virtual residency application process, with Neil offering valuable do's and don'ts for applicants. He underscores the importance of creating a proper environment and engaging in hobbies during virtual interviews. He also provides valuable advice on preparing for common interview questions, encouraging applicants to build compelling stories that showcase their clinical understanding. As the field of interventional radiology continues to evolve, Neil emphasizes the importance of staying informed and maintaining close connections with mentors and resources like SIR.

In this episode, host Dr. Michael Barraza interviews neurointerventional radiologist Dr. Aaron Bress about transverse sinus stenting for benign intracranial hypertension. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS MicroVention FRED X https://www.fred-x.com/ RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Aaron starts off the discussion by describing his typical patient population that requires stenting. Patients usually present to the clinic experiencing headaches, vision issues, and pulsatile tinnitus. Typically, these patients are female and overweight, and have been referred from headache clinics, neurosurgeons, and ENT specialists. Around 50% of his patients arrive with prior diagnoses and a complete workup already done, and they only require the procedure to be done. For the remaining patients, Aaron starts from scratch, emphasizing meticulous preparation imaging, which includes MRV with contrast. Aaron has a sequential approach for outpatients. He typically conducts diagnostic and treatment processes separately, to ensure that no complicating fistulas are present during interventions. Three months after the procedure, patients are referred for follow-ups with ophthalmologists to verify progress. During the procedure, Aaron starts with a diagnostic angiogram from the groin. During this time, he also obtains pressure measurements using a 27 mm diagnostic microcatheter. He typically measures from superior central sinus and then works his way back. He then obtains an MR venogram, which typically shows bilateral transverse sinus stenosis, and he measures pressure on both sides of the sinus. For him, a significant enough gradient to stent is typically 10 mmHg, however clinical presentation remains a key factor in deciding to stent patients with a lesser gradient. For the treatment procedure, patients are prescribed 75 mg Plavix and baby aspirin for five days before the intervention. On the day of the procedure, general anesthesia is administered, due to its neck-based approach. This approach not only provides better maneuverability, but also avoids complications associated with the heart, given the complexities of navigating the transverse sinus junction. Stent sizing remains highly personalized and tailored to the size of the patient's sinus, with no rigid guidelines in place. Patients typically stay overnight, with clear communication regarding the likelihood of experiencing a headache post-treatment. Following the procedure, they adhere to a six-month regimen of the dual antiplatelet therapy, which improves their recovery and treatment outcomes.

In this episode, host Ally Baheti interviews Dr. Minhaj Khaja about iliocaval reconstruction. Minhaj is a Clinical Professor of Radiology and Cardiac Surgery and Associate Program Director of Interventional Radiology Residency at the University of Michigan. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html --- SHOW NOTES Minhaj begins by sharing how deep venous disease typically presents, as well as his clinical workup. He emphasizes the importance of gathering prior imaging, taking a thorough history and comprehensive physical exam, and calculating Villalta scale and Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) for deep venous disease. Minhaj then tells us more about his approach to complex cases. We cover his setup and intra-op workflow in patients with good inflow, poor inflow, and prior chronically occluded stents. Minhaj and Ally also discuss anticoagulation, types of stents, crossing devices/sharp recanalization, and treating inflow via tibial vein access. Minhaj also shares his experience with using arterial re-entry devices for crossing long, occluded venous segments, radiofrequency wires for chronically occluded stents, and the new RevCore mechanical thrombectomy device made specifically for venous stent thrombosis. Ally and Minhaj then conclude the episode by highlighting the components of good follow up for patients. --- RESOURCES C-TRACT Venous Trial: https://clinicaltrials.med.nyu.edu/clinicaltrial/536/c-tract-study;-chronic-venous/ RevCore Mechanical Thrombectomy Device for Venous Stent Thrombosis: https://www.inarimedical.com/revcore/ Venovo Venous Stent: https://www.bd.com/en-us/products-and-solutions/products/product-families/venovo-venous-stent-system Zilver Vena Stent: https://www.cookmedical.com/products/f3af274c-42cc-42cd-a0db-e5715ad57cc4/ Abre Venous Stent: https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/cardiovascular/deep-venous/abre-venous-stent.html

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews Dr. Maureen Kohi and Dr. Niten Singh on the VIVA Foundation’s multidisciplinary approach to advancing vascular medicine. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Medtronic ClosureFast https://www.medtronic.com/closurefast6f Philips Image Guided Therapy Devices Academy https://resource.philipseliiteacademy.com --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/PO5TFV --- SHOW NOTES Maureen is an interventional radiologist and Professor and Chair of the Department of Radiology at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Niten is a vascular surgeon and Associate Chief of Vascular Surgery at University of Washington. Both serve on the board of directors at VIVA. We begin with how Maureen and Niten became involved at VIVA. They discuss the history and foundations of VIVA. The duo goes on to describe how VIVA has evolved throughout the years. Maureen speaks on how VEINS has become a comprehensive educational meeting for all things venous disease and interventions, which complements VIVA’s arterial focus. Niten and Maureen then explain how VIVA and VEINS have become more than just meetings. They are conglomerates of multiple initiatives for all things vascular driven by the central question of “What is best for the patient?” The duo also sheds light on the unique inner-workings of VIVA, highlighting the foundation’s speedy, nimble, and inclusive approach to the rapidly advancing landscape of vascular and endovascular surgery. We get a special look of what to expect at VIVA & VEINS Annual 2023 Conference at Wynn Las Vegas (October 28th - November 2nd) from Niten and Maureen. We conclude this episode with Maureen and Niten’s thoughts on how we can improve vascular care for our underserved patient populations and what role OBLs will play in this equation going forward. --- RESOURCES VIVA 2023 Annual Conference Registration: https://viva-foundation.org/viva-programming VEINS 2023 Annual Conference Registration: https://viva-foundation.org/veins-programming VIVA Vascular Leaders Forum on Paclitaxel Safety (2019): https://evtoday.com/articles/2019-mar/highlights-from-the-viva-vascular-leaders-forum-on-paclitaxel-safety

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts and Dr. Krishna Mannava engage in a discussion with Dr. Bret Wiechmann about a concerning trend in the field—insurance denials for critical limb ischemia (CLI) interventions. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES Bret is an IR in Gainesville, Florida with over 26 years of experience and is one of the founders of the Outpatient Endovascular & Interventional Society (OEIS). OEIS was started 10 years ago to advocate for the viability of non-hospital IR services. We start the episode with Bret sharing his staff’s firsthand encounters with pre-authorization challenges for atherectomy procedures.The panel discusses how the recent inflammatory NY Times article regarding the use of atherectomy to treat peripheral artery disease has exacerbated these challenges. The doctors delve into the perplexing use of non-scientific articles as evidence by insurance companies, which are often influenced by third-party recommendations. The disconnect between insurance decisions and patients' actual needs becomes evident, as peer-to-peer reviews usually involve physicians unfamiliar with the specific medical speciality. Next, we explore strategies for navigating the intricacies of insurance approvals, a particularly challenging task as each insurance company has its unique set of requirements for procedure coverage. Evaluating these requirements for each patient not only limits the capabilities of the physician, but also decreases the quality of the patient's care. One strategy that is discussed is compiling a list of different payers and their specific requirements for each procedure, but this takes away valuable time away from a patient’s care. Another strategy includes the intriguing notion of physicians noting the names of insurance companies and peer reviewers on medical records as reasons for denying certain procedures. While promising, the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain. Furthermore, the episode contemplates the possibility of refusing to work with insurance companies that consistently denying coverage— a bold strategy that warrants careful consideration as it may drop patient volumes. To combat the rising tide of insurance denials, the discussion emphasizes the pivotal role played by organizations like OEIS. It highlights the importance of involving referring physicians in various specialties, patients themselves as well as industry stakeholders manufacturing relevant devices to bring about meaningful change in the insurance approval process. --- RESOURCES New York Times Article: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/15/health/atherectomy-peripheral-artery-disease.html OEIS: https://oeisweb.com

Ever wonder what it’s like to practice interventional radiology down under? Dr. Chris Rogan joins us on the BackTable Podcast this week to tell us about his IR practice in Australia, with special emphasis on healthcare system and interventional practice model differences between our two countries. --- SYNPOSIS We cover a wide range of topics, including the differences in IR training pathways between Australia and the U.S., the impact of healthcare models on IR practice, and the cooperation between public and private healthcare. We also highlight the urgent need for more IR specialists in Australia. Additionally, the doctors explore the challenges of public awareness, interdisciplinary and global collaboration, and the ongoing efforts by the Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA) to promote IR through public outreach and educational strategies. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 04:08 - Australia vs. US Healthcare Systems 08:21 - Compensation and Career Mobility 16:52 - IR Public Awareness and Marketing 25:56 - Global Collaboration and Conferences 30:53 - Travel Tips for Australia --- RESOURCES Dr. Chris Rogan’s practice: https://drrogan.com/ Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA): https://irsa.com.au/ IRSA 2024 Annual Meeting: https://irsa.com.au/education-events/irsa-annual-scientific-meeting-2024/

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews Dr. Aaron Kovaleski on good old-fashioned TV and radio marketing. Aaron is an interventional radiologist and founder of Endovascular Consultants of Colorado, who has found success in using tried and true methods of advertising to grow his practice. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/pL6Ay0 --- SHOW NOTES We begin with Aaron’s initial dive into marketing, tips that he learned, and surprising discoveries during this endeavor. He discusses differences between TV and radio advertising and ideal promotions to run through each medium. He also notes the importance of supplementing these strategies with a physical presence. Aaron also shares advice for building a marketing budget. He breaks down categories and percentage of funds invested towards his OBL’s TV and radio outreach. Aaron then speaks on how his practice measures the success of their efforts through analytics provided to them by TV and radio stations and CRM technology. We also discuss the time investment and step-by-step approaches for newer OBLs that are new to marketing outreach. We conclude this episode with future directions for marketing and a shoutout for next year’s Outpatient Endovascular and Interventional Society (OEIS) Annual Meeting in Las Vegas (April 25th-27th, 2024), which will have a dedicated session on marketing and practice building led by Aaron. --- RESOURCES Outpatient Endovascular and Interventional Society (OEIS) Annual 2024 Meeting: https://oeisweb.com/meetings/2024-annual-meeting/

In this episode, host Aaron Fritts is joined by Teri Yates, CEO of Accountable Physician Advisors, who offers essential guidance for successfully establishing and managing Office-Based Labs (OBLs). --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Accountable Physician Advisors http://www.accountablephysicianadvisors.com/ Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES Teri started a consulting company after working as a quality and risk officer at a radiology practice for 18 years. As the company rapidly grew, she has worked with many different physician practices and specialities. We start off the discussion by identifying key pitfalls that Teri sees in OBL ventures. First, it is common for physicians to conduct inadequate due diligence about referral sources, which can be a barrier to effective marketing and patient acquisition. Also, it is common for founders to lack a detailed revenue model or a plan for the business. Oftentimes, they will underestimate the capital needed to start the OBL and lack a clear idea about the types of procedures and patients they are catering towards. Another pitfall is not realizing the amount of time investment required. Teri estimates that approximately 10% of a physician's time will be needed to manage the OBL and it is important to take this into account. Finally, a common error is initially hiring individuals not qualified to be administrators, such as family members or trusted individuals. Teri also highlights some of the major reasons physicians consult her company. These challenges often revolve around "people problems," encompassing issues related to both administrative difficulties and employee management. Staffing and retention problems, leading to a significant turnover of employees, are common concerns. She underscores the importance of addressing issues related to physicians themselves, emphasizing that partners must set the tone for the culture within a company. Patient turnover efficiency in OBLs is also a recurring issue. Teri's advice for this issue to closely follow a few patients throughout their entire visit. This will most likely uncover redundancies in the patient experience, many of which the staff might already be aware of, but hesitant to communicate to leadership. As Teri reflects on her experiences, she notes that it typically takes 6-9 months to fully construct and operate an OBL. A comprehensive understanding of healthcare regulations in each state is crucial in the initial development stages. --- RESOURCES Accountable Physician Advisors: https://www.accountablephysicianadvisors.com/

En este episodio de BackTable, la Dra. Sara Lojo Lendoiro entrevista a la Dra. Eva Criado, radióloga intervencionista del Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Barcelona, sobre el manejo de las estenosis benignas en vía biliar y los stents biodegradables. --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/zVailz --- SHOW NOTES En primer lugar la Dra. Criado explica la clasificación de las estenosis biliares y las diferentes etiologías de las estenosis benignas, como causas iatrogénicas, procesos autoinmunes, inflamatorio-infecciosos, isquémicos o post-transplante hepático. Es crucial saber reconocer este tipo de estenosis y diagnosticar su etiología, ya que su no reconocimiento, o su tratamiento inadecuado deriva en complicaciones con riesgo vital para los pacientes. Las pruebas de imagen como la ecografía, el TC o la RM y colangioRM juegan un papel importante para la detección de estenosis biliares, su precisión diagnóstica y por tanto para su manejo y la planificación prequirúrgica A continuación la Dra. Criado resume las diferentes alterativas terapéuticas para la estenosis biliar benigna, como la cirugía y los tratamientos mínimamente invasivos, tanto endoscópicos como percutáneos, como son la dilatación y la colocación de stents. Ella enfatiza que la decisión sobre qué método utilizar debe de ser valorada de manera individualizada en función de la etiología, tipo y localización de la estenosis y factores de riesgo de cada paciente. Ambas doctoras destacan el hecho de que no existen unas guías de consenso entre las distintas sociedades que faciliten el manejo estandarizado con protocolos para el manejo de esta patología, lo cual sería muy Valioso. Adicionalmente, la Dra. Criado explica las posibilidades terapéuticas que ofrece la radiología intervencionista: la bilioplastia percutánea o dilatación, así como sus resultados y complicaciones, como la alta tasa de re-estenosis. Posteriormente pasa a evaluar los distintos tipos de stents, y específicamente los stents biodegradables, comentando las tasas de éxito técnico en su colocación, su permeabilidad primaria y la baja tasa de complicaciones que han demostrado en estudios multicéntricos a largo plazo, uno de los cuales es el registro Biella, un registro multicéntrico en el que han participado 11 centros españoles. También realiza un resumen de los diferentes tipos de stents biodegradables que hay hoy en día en el mercado y comenta las principales características mecánicas de los mismos. La Dra Criado concluye el episodio comentando su experiencia personal en el tratamiento de estenosis biliares benignas con stents biodegradables dando una serie de consejos prácticos para la liberación de estos stents y para prevenir complicaciones, así como las principales contraindicaciones y el tipo de seguimiento recomendado. También destaca la importancia de valorar cada caso individualmente y tomar decisiones bajo el marco de un equipo multidisciplinar. Finalmente comparte sus predicciones para el futuro de los stents biodegradables.

In this episode, host Dr. Sabeen Dhand interviews vascular surgeon Dr. Sean Lyden about percutaneous transarterial bypass (PTAB) with DETOUR, a new therapy for treating occlusive / stenotic superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Endologix https://endologix.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Sean Lyden serves as the Chairman of Vascular Surgery at Cleveland Clinic. Sean starts off the discussion by conveying the severity of SFA chronic total occlusion (CTO) and walks us through what PTAB therapy is. We then cover the steps and general principles of using the DETOUR technology. Throughout the episode, Sean and Sabeen discuss the structure and key takeaways of both the DETOUR 1 and DETOUR 2 trials, held in Europe and the United States respectively. They also cover major questions, such as DVT and PE risk, patency of femoral vein following DETOUR intervention, and overall device cost. We conclude the episode with future directions of the now FDA-approved DETOUR device, and when and how vascular and interventional physicians can incorporate the new technology into their practice. Sean and Sabeen also contrast prior treatment options with the recent DETOUR trials to highlight how longer calcified / occluded SFA lesions now have a viable, effective, and safe endovascular treatment option. --- RESOURCES PTAB with DETOUR System: https://endologix.com/ptab/detour/ DETOUR 1 Trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29327570/ DETOUR 1 Trial, 1 year follow-up results: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32276015/ DETOUR 2 Trial, 12 month results: https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(22)01274-5/fulltext DETOUR 2 Trial, 24 month results from Vascular Annual Conference Presentation: https://www.dicardiology.com/content/endologix-announces-24-month-results-detour-2-study-2023-vascular-annual-meeting Voyager Trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2000052 Compass Trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1709118

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts is joined by Dr. Pranav Moudgil, a new IR graduate who has just completed his first IR job search. Today’s discussion revolves around the job landscape for recent interventional radiology graduates. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips Image Guided Therapy Devices Academy https://resource.philipseliiteacademy.com --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/rhaY4i --- SHOW NOTES The episode begins by introducing Pranav, who hails from Michigan and has recently completed his IR training at Beaumont. His discussion on today’s podcast was influenced by the recurring question he faced during his job hunt: “What do candidates like him seek in their careers?” Pranav's job search began in January of his PGY-5 year, 18 months before his graduation. When compared to his initial expectations of a robust job market, reality both did and did not meet these expectations. Pranav found that while there were a lot of job postings online, he was aware that there were just as many, if not more, word-of-mouth job opportunities. During his early training years, Pranav initially thought that he wanted a 100% IR role, but after getting more exposure to DR, he later realized that he wanted a balanced mix of DR and IR. When searching for jobs, Pranav found that many of his interviews came from listings on the ACR job board. However, after seeing the jobs his peers ended up taking, Pranav realized that personal connections played a significant role in job placement for him and his peers. As we delve into the core aspects of Pranav's job search strategy, he emphasizes the importance of being aware of which factors you value most in a job. Pranav also encourages new grads to evaluate job offers in terms of technical staff support and long-term job satisfaction. He advises job seekers to be vigilant for red flags during negotiations and emphasizes the importance of clear communication. The topic of locums tenens work also gets brought up during this discussion, as a means to explore diverse job opportunities before committing to a permanent position. Overalll, for a new IR graduate, Pranav recommends engaging in candid discussions about pay and structural aspects with mentors, understanding personal priorities, and evaluating job offers with a discerning perspective. --- RESOURCES ACR Job Listings: https://jobs.acr.org/

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews interventional radiologists Dr. Kumar Madassery and Dr. Shelly Bhanot about catheter shapes and when to use each type in basic and challenging cases. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Cook Medical https://www.cookmedical.com/vascularaccessbacktable --- SHOW NOTES Kumar serves as an Associate Professor and Director of Peripheral Vascular Interventions/Critical Limb Ischemia and Shelly is a PGY-6 IR resident at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, IL. Kumar and Shelly walk us through a number of different catheters and techniques, along with tips that they have learned from their experiences in the cath lab. They pair complex and challenging anatomy with catheter types, and they describe their reasoning behind different approaches. After going through case-based examples, both Kumar and Shelly share advice on how trainees can become more familiar with tools on the back table. These include observing supply shelves, asking questions, and learning from IR techs and device representatives. We conclude the episode by emphasizing the power of teaching and how experience is a big factor in becoming more and more familiar with all the catheters that are available to our specialty. Disclaimer: The content, information, opinions and viewpoints contained in this presentation are for educational purposes only. Some opinions expressed may represent those of the speaker and are based on their own clinical experience in their practice. This information is not meant or intended to serve as a substitute for a healthcare professional’s clinical training, experience or judgment. Guest speakers are paid consultants of Cook Medical. Always refer to the Instructions for Use for complete prescribing information including indications for use, warnings, precautions, adverse events and deployment/use instructions.

In this episode, our host Michael Barazza interviews Dr. Jafar Golzarian, interventional radiologist at the University of Minnesota, about intra-arterial and percutaneous treatment of giant hepatic hemangiomas. --- SHOW NOTES We start this episode off by highlighting the Global Embolization Symposium and Technologies (GEST) initiative that Jafar co-founded in 2007. Over time, GEST has evolved into a highly acclaimed conference, drawing an international audience of thousands of participants for its webinars. We then dive into cutting edge treatments of liver hemangiomas. Jafar discussed how he was introduced to a novel approach in 2014 when one of his friends, Dr. Shahram Akhlaghpoor, sent him a paper with his results from using transarterial bleomycin-lipiodol embolization (B/LE) to treat symptomatic giant hepatic hemangiomas. Another friend of Jafar’s shared an inventive approach in shifting perspectives to view hepatic hemangiomas as low-grade venous malformations and using percutaneous injections for treatment. Then, Jafar discusses the specifics of his approach to hepatic hemangiomas and how he usually only treats hemangiomas that are large, cause pain and discomfort, or exert pressure on vital structures such as the portal vein or bile duct. Jafar notes that the patient demographic that presents with hemangiomas are typically women aged 30 to 50, and they can be self-referred or referred by hepatobiliary surgeons. In regards to treatment, Jafar prefers either 30, 45, or 60 units of bleomycin, favoring the latter for hemangiomas exceeding 10 cm. He prefers percutaneous access if feasible, but he resorts to chemoembolization in cases when insurance coverage presents issues. Minor post-treatment symptoms post-treatment include abdominal pain and occasional nausea, with extremely rare compilations being pulmonary fibrosis or allergic reactions to the bleomycin. Jafar notes that imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment guides assessment of treatment effectiveness of, with substantial change best evaluated at the 6-month mark. Jafar’s treatment has garnered high patient satisfaction, with very few patients requiring return for further therapy after the 6 months. He notes that when surgeons are shown the before and after imaging of the treatment of hemangiomas, they become big advocates of these procedures. --- RESOURCES Transarterial Bleomycin–Lipiodol Embolization (B/LE) for Symptomatic Giant Hepatic Hemangioma: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29922860/

In this episode, guest host and neurointerventional surgeon Dr. Krishna Amuluru interviews triple-boarded neurointerventional surgeon, neurointensivist, and neurologist Dr. Fawaz Al-Mufti about stroke thrombectomy in special populations. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR MicroVention FRED X https://www.fred-x.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Fawaz serves as an Associate Professor, Director of Neuroendovascular Surgery Fellowship & Neurocritical-Care Unit, Assistant Dean of GME research, and Vice-Chair of Neurology research at New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center. First, we define the special populations that have been excluded from stroke thrombectomy randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These populations include octogenarian, nonagenarian, pediatric, and pregnant patients. Fawaz then recaps the landmark trials that have shaped the field of neuroendovascular surgery, beginning with the handful that were published in 2015/2016. Approaching mechanical stroke thrombectomy in patients in their 80s and 90s and the lack of existing RCT literature is also discussed. Switching gears, Fawaz then speaks on caring for pediatric patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Krishna and Fawaz cover the relative rarity of pediatric LVOs, significant differences in adult vs. pediatric stroke, and what literature exists to help guide decision-making in this patient population. Krishna then asks Fawaz about mechanical stroke thrombectomy in pregnant patients. They also cover existing literature, etiologies, and their approaches to intervention. To conclude the episode, Fawaz and Krishna speak on the purposes, applications, extrapolations, and limitations of randomized-controlled trials. --- RESOURCES SVIN 2023 Annual Meeting: https://www.svin.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3625 IMS-III Trial 2013: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1214300 Mr. Clean Study: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1411587 REVASCAT Study: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1503780 EXTEND-IA Study: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1414792 ESCAPE Trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1414905 SWIFT PRIME Trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1415061 HERMES Registry: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)00351-2/fulltext?rss%3Dyes Thrombolysis in Pediatric Stroke Study (TIPS): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342311/ Delay to Diagnosis in Acute Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Study: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/strokeaha.108.519066#:~:text=Analysis%20of%20Delay%20in%20Arterial,and%2020%25%20within%206%20hours. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke Study: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036361 Recanalization Treatments for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke in France (Kids-Clot): https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2796278 Feasibility, Safety, and Outcome of Endovascular Recanalization in Childhood Stroke: The Save ChildS Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31609380/ Thrombectomy in special populations: report of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Standards and Guidelines Committee: https://jnis.bmj.com/content/14/10/1033 O-039 diameters of large vessels in children and compatibility with adult interventional stroke devices: children are not little adults: https://jnis.bmj.com/content/7/Suppl_1/A21.1 Endovascular Thrombectomy for Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Multi-Institutional Experience of Technical and Clinical Outcomes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660626/#bib28 WEB Device from Microvention TERUMO: https://www.microvention.com/products/web-family

En este episodio de BackTable, la Dra. Sara Lojo Lendoiro entrevista al Dr. Alberto Alonso, radiólogo intervencionista en la Clínica Universidad de Navarra, sobre la importancia del trabajo multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar en la Radiología intervencionista. --- SHOW NOTES El Dr. Alonso introduce el término de interdisciplinariedad, que ocurre cuando distintas especialidades trabajan de manera combinada para interconectarse y potenciar las ventajas de cada una, con un objetivo común. El Dr Alonso defiende que todas las disciplinas son finitas, y debido a ello, existen puntos ciegos y una ausencia de alternativas si se depende solamente de una especialidad. Fomentar el trabajo en equipo con otras especialidades es importante para los radiólogos intervencionistas porque puede ayudarles, no solo con los procedimientos técnicos, sino también con la parte clínica. En este episodio, se enfatiza la importancia del análisis de los resultados de los procedimientos a corto y largo plazo. Para Alonso, ser autocrítico es importante y recomienda que se elimine la subjetividad en la medida de lo posible. Menciona que los errores y los malosentendidos entre las diferentes especialidades ocurren si no existe comunicación y confianza entre los distintos especialistas: es necesario que nos centremos en el factor humano, más que la reputación o el ego, para construir las relaciones personales, dejando atrás el narcisismo existente en la medicina. Finalmente, se resumen algunos escenarios en los que la interdisciplinariedad puede mejorar el manejo de los pacientes, siendo especialmente importante en pacientes complejos como pacientes pediátricos y oncológicos. El Dr. Alonso termina el episodio animando a los oyentes a fomentar la comunicación con el resto de las especialidades, promover la autocrítica y evaluar los resultados obtenidos, así como impulsar el trabajo interdisciplinar en las diferentes unidades de radiología intervencionista.

In this episode, guest host and interventional radiologist Dr. Dana Dunleavy interviews neurointerventional radiologist Dr. Wayne Olan about growing neuroIR and IR through a neurosurgery department. Wayne serves as the Director of Interventional and Endovascular Neurosurgery at George Washington University Medical Center. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR MicroVention FRED X https://www.fred-x.com/ --- SHOW NOTES First, Wayne tells us more about his training, journey in academia, and role in building robust neuroIR and IR service lines through his leadership of the neurosurgery department at his institution. Wayne also shares how powerful being involved in interdisciplinary clinics can be in growing the scale, reach, and impact of minimally-invasive image guided interventions. These collaborations include neuroIR/neurosurgery for neuro clinic and IR/ gynecology for fibroid clinic. Dana and Wayne then discuss how neuroIR and IR has evolved over the years, highlighting watershed moments and key innovations. They discuss sacroiliac joint interventions in detail and how MSK has become one of IR’s newest subspecialties. Wayne shares his history of playing and coaching lacrosse, and he also tells us about the Q-Collar and his role in serving on the company’s board of medical advisors. The device has been shown to protect the athletes’ brains from concussive and subconcussive impacts by increasing internal jugular vein pressure. We conclude the episode with some parting wisdom from Wayne regarding career paths, navigating reimbursements and insurance as a neuroIR or IR, and finding joy and purpose at and outside of work. --- RESOURCES SI-Bone, iFuse TORQ Device: https://si-bone.com/providers/solutions/trauma/ifuse-torq SI-Bone, iFuse Triangle Device: https://si-bone.com/providers/solutions/ifuse Stryker, Spine Jack Device: https://www.stryker.com/us/en/interventional-spine/products/spinejack-system.html Q-Collar Company web-page: https://q30.com/ Q-Collar Studies / Research Briefing: https://q30.com/pages/fda-reviewed Boston University CTE Clinic: https://www.bu.edu/cte/

Superficial venous disease can pose significant management challenges, particularly after patients have exhausted conservative and invasive therapies. This week, our host, Dr. Sabeen Dhand, interviews Dr. Ali Golshan, an interventional radiologist and the founder of SOLVEIN. Dr. Golshan discusses the latest advancements in treating superficial venous disease, highlighting both the benefits and complexities of thermal and non-thermal ablation techniques. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html --- SYNPOSIS Dr. Golshin introduces SOLVEIN, his innovative medical device designed to address these challenges. The conversation also includes practical tips for managing patients with venous insufficiencies, along with insights into the entrepreneurial journey involved in developing a new medical device. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 02:02 - Defining Superficial Venous Disease 05:43 - Diagnostic Techniques and Imaging 08:29 - Current Treatment Options for Venous Insufficiency 20:07 - Introducing SOLVEIN 29:42 - FDA Approval Pathway 33:37 - Advice for Aspiring Medical Entrepreneurs --- RESOURCES Dr. Ali Golshan’s Practice: https://www.beachwellnessmd.com/

In this episode, host Aaron Fritts is joined by Lake Odom and Chas Sanders. Lake is an IR technologist with over a decade of experience, and Chas is the founder and CEO of MARGIN, a company that handles supply chain and outpatient OBLs and ASCs. They focus on the vital role that techs play in maintaining the culture, workflow, and efficiency in an office-based lab (OBL). --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Siemens Healthineers https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/ --- SHOW NOTES The episode starts with a discussion on what a team lead should be looking for when hiring a IR or cath lab tech. Lake notes that experience and teamwork skills are essential. However, the willingness to learn can also make up for the lack of experience, especially because experience in one office does not always translate to another practice, since every practice has different needs and procedures. Positive work culture and fair compensation are crucial to employee retention. While the physician plays a large role in defining the culture in a practice, it is also important that IR techs are trusted with the responsibility of maintaining the culture, as their roles are very patient-facing and key in practice efficiency. In the discussion of paying techs on a salary versus an hourly system, Lake notes how a salaried tech is more likely to feel like a part of the team and is more invested in the success of the practice. As the discussion shifts to increasing the efficiency and profitability of a practice, Chas discusses how cost awareness is key. It is vital that the physician engages the techs in this conversation, since they are the ones who order tools. The guests wrap up the episode by emphasizing how putting trust in the techs is crucial to the efficiency and profitability of each practice, as they will be the biggest advocates of the practice to the patients.

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews interventional radiologist Dr. Eric DePopas about digital marketing strategies for physicians. Eric is the Co-Founder and Chief Medical Officer of Helped, a company designed to connect patients to IR physicians. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Siemens Healthineers https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/ Medtronic Ellipsys Vascular Access System https://www.medtronic.com/ellipsys --- SHOW NOTES To begin the episode, Eric shares his motivations behind starting Helped and the unique story of sharing this undertaking with his brother and co-founder Kevin DePopas. He discusses his uphill battle of marketing IR services and building a strong patient base. Eric also covers differences between digital versus in-person marketing. He emphasizes that the digital world is not a substitute for boots on the ground, and he underscores the importance of building word of mouth through strong clinical work and regularly interacting with referring physicians. Eric also shares valuable digital marketing takeaways and questions to ask marketing agencies. Then, Eric breaks down paid-search (Google), paid-social (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok), and radio marketing strategies. Aaron and Eric discuss how to approach the bottom of the marketing funnel (where potential patients become treated patients), and how to engage and guide patients with interactive online quizzes. Finally, the doctors examine the value of customer relation management systems (CRMS). Eric explains how CRMS is a high fidelity approach to assessing patient knowledge and how it is a key component in building a truly robust funnel. The episode concludes with Eric giving parting advice and encouragement for physicians in the marketing world. --- RESOURCES Helped Website: https://www.tryhelped.com/patient-home

In this episode, interventional nephrologist Dr. Neghae Mawla discusses endovascular AV fistula creation with our host Dr. Christopher Beck. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR BD Advance Clinical Training & Education Program https://page.bd.com/Advance-Training-Program_Homepage.html --- SHOW NOTES We start off the episode by discussing Neghae’s current practice at Dallas Nephrology Associates, where most of his patient referrals come from his partners. Patients who come to see Neghae receive a standard vein mapping via ultrasound to determine whether they should receive an endovascular or a surgical procedure. If patients’ veins fit certain specifications, such as superficial location (cephalic, median cubital), large enough size (2-2.5 mm) and presence of large perforating veins (2 mm), then they are better candidates for an endovascular approach. However, these rules do not perfectly predict fistula success. Neghae noticed that even if patients fit the above criteria, their fistulas don’t always mature correctly. With experience, he began to take into consideration the brachial vein size as well. While this is not part of the official vein mapping criteria, he has seen that if the brachial vein is significantly larger than the superficial veins, it could have a competitive outflow and hinder the maturation of the fistula. The conversation then shifts to the types of devices used to create the anastomosis for the fistulas, WavelinQ and Ellipsys. Neghae notes that while most patients do well with either device, some patients do better with one over the other. Thus, he suggests that physicians are trained on both devices if possible, to guarantee the best outcomes. To end the episode, Neghae reflects on his previous decade of experience with endovascular AV fistulas and shares wisdom about failures and successes that he has learned from. --- RESOURCES ASDIN White Paper: Management of cephalic arch stenosis endorsed by the American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.asdin.org/resource/resmgr/positionpaper/Cephalic_Arch.pdf ASDIN White Paper: Patient selection, education, and cannulation of percutaneous arteriovenous fistulae: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.asdin.org/resource/resmgr/positionpaper/ASDIN_EndoAVF.pdf ASDIN Certification ink: https://www.asdin.org/page/pAVFCert

In this episode, co-hosts Dr. Aaron Fritts, Dr. Michael Barraza, and Dr. Eric J. Keller discuss social media ethics in medicine. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES To kick-off the episode, the three IR physicians discuss “clot porn” and all the debate associated with posting case-related findings (clots, imaging, etc) on social media with device/company name visible. Dr. Keller, who has a strong background in medical ethics, shares his thoughts on the matter and underscores the 6 pitfalls of medical social media: patient privacy, patient dignity, information accuracy, conflict of interest, justice inequity, and interprofessional respect. From Dr. Keller, we learn that the crux of the matter tends to circle back to two central issues– how the case is shared and intentions behind sharing. Additionally, Dr. Keller shares unique data on the relation between how often a medical device company is mentioned in social media posts, how often physicians are compensated for their public endorsements, and whether or not conflict of interests are disclosed. Dr. Barraza and Dr. Keller then compare TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter’s roles and potentials in medicine. The trio discuss Twitter’s past, present, and future influences on medical research, networking, innovation, and education. They also consider the need for more clear, comprehensive social media posting guidelines issued by specialty societies and ideas for patient consent forms over social media posting. To wrap up the episode, the doctors discuss interprofessionalism, dealing with social media trolls/negativity, and personal vs. professional accounts. Dr. Keller notes that 85% of the general public turns to social media networks to seek healthcare information, which highlights the online presence of physicians and how they are often held to a higher ethical standard on social media platforms. For listeners wanting to learn more about social media ethics in medicine, the annual Western Angiographic Interventional Society (WAIS) in Palm Springs, California (October 7-11, 2023) will have dedicated medical social media ethics panels and discussions built into programming. Be sure to register and attend! Link to the WAIS webpage below. --- RESOURCES Western Angio Interventional Symposium 2023 Schedule: https://www.westernangio.org/ Western Angio Interventional Symposium 2023 Registration: https://www.westernangio.org/event-5048807 Link to Thomas Webb study: https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(22)01727-4/fulltext CMS Sunshine Database: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/

In this episode, host Dr. Sabeen Dhand interviews Dr. John Rundback about analysis of arterial calcifications using microCT. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR AngioDynamics Auryon System https://www.auryon-system.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Rundback starts by describing the basic differences between microCT and current imaging techniques. MicroCT is a non-destructive imaging method where the x-ray source is stationary but the subject is on a rotating stage. This method can create 3D imaging with a 3 to 5 micron resolution. On the other hand, in traditional CT imaging, the subject is stationary and the x-ray source rotates, which gives a 3 to 5 millimeter resolution. Then, the episode shifts to a discussion on Dr. Rundback’s recent study, in which he used microCT to evaluate the treatment effect of medial arterial calcification in below knee interventions after Auryon laser atherectomy. For this study, arteries were dissected out of cadavers with cardiac risk factors. These artery segments were then subject to different energies from the Auryon laser. MicroCT was performed before and after the procedure to analyze the degree of calcification. These trials have shown that atherectomy using the Auryon laser could increase compliance of the treated arteries. MicroCT has also helped expand knowledge about different types of calcification and how atherectomy differentially impacts them. --- RESOURCES Treatment effect of medial arterial calcification in below-knee after Auryon laser atherectomy using micro-CT and histologic evaluation: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37400346/ Auryon Atherectomy Device: https://www.angiodynamics.com/product/auryon/

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews Dr. Junjian Huang & Dr. Sean Maratto on navigating early-career changes. Both Dr. Huang and Dr. Maratto touch on a range of their early-career experiences and offer their advice, insights, and realizations. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/9clNvR --- SHOW NOTES The trio begin by discussing the responsibilities of stepping up as new attendings and dive into all that goes into maintaining and building new service-lines. Both Dr. Huang and Dr. Maratto underscore the importance of being as available as possible, taking every brick and mortar case with enthusiasm and drive, and truly getting to know your referring physicians. These actions go a long way in successfully establishing and expanding IR service-lines. Dr. Huang and Dr. Maratto also speak on the nuances of cultural awareness and sensitivity, as every region, hospital, and/or practice does not operate in the same fashion. Both early-career physicians convey the gravity of quickly adapting to the cultural norms of a new workplace and becoming comfortable in new environments. Dr. Maratto adds how conflict resolution is a mainstay throughout all career stages and highlights leadership and clear communication as vital qualities. We then hear about the ins-and-outs of early-career mentorship from both physicians. Dr. Huang states how some of the most pivotal mentors can be from different fields, to always search for mentors, and to even make mentors through industry. Dr. Maratto shares how it is important to have mentors for both professional and emotional support and to always pay it forward to the next-generation of physicians and trainees. Dr. Fritts, Dr. Huang, and Dr. Maratto share a real-time mentorship moment and have a conversation on how becoming an attending can be accompanied by extremely important life milestones such as getting married, starting a family, buying a house, and more. We conclude the episode by discussing some challenges new attendings can face, such as navigating the business-side of medicine and becoming confident in marketing, insurance, and billing. Both early-career physicians agree how these tasks should not be delegated, as they are very worth knowing. Dr. Juang and Dr. Maratto leave us with important parting advice on what they wish they were told when they finished training and became attending physicians. --- RESOURCES Early Career Section (ECS) of SIR: https://www.sirweb.org/member-central/volunteer/early-career-section2/

In this episode, host Dr. Ally Baheti interviews interventional radiologist Dr. Saher Sabri and vascular surgeon Dr. Frank Arko about their perspectives on a July 2023 New York Times article about the ethics of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) treatment in outpatient based labs (OBLs) and ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Arko emphasizes the importance of approaching articles as an unbiased reader. He acknowledges that sensationalism in the news is common, and while bad actors do exist, he personally knows talented OBL/ASC practitioners. He also notes that the article fails to mention that the majority of these practitioners follow society guidelines to provide appropriate and effective treatment for their patients, rather than prioritizing financial gain. He believes that most non-surgical specialists have the clinical insight to know when patients would be better candidates for open bypasses as opposed to endovascular interventions. Dr. Arko describes the split response to the article within vascular surgeons on social media, based on their personal philosophies of open versus endovascular interventions for PAD. Dr. Sabri believes that PAD and critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) are not very well known by the general public, this article was a missed opportunity to bring attention to these conditions and disparities in treatments depending on patients’ geographic locations and ethnicities. The article may have the effect of scaring patients away from seeking treatment for PAD and CLTI, as well as receiving care at OBLs, which were originally founded to make interventions more efficient and patient-friendly. Additionally, the article could foster divisiveness between vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, and interventional cardiologists and as a result, increase barriers to collaboration. It is important to differentiate between PAD and CLTI and the stage at which patients present to medical care. Limb salvage rates and decisions to intervene and/or amputate are multifactorial and are not as straightforward as the article may imply. Both doctors agree that specialty societies share the responsibility of monitoring their members for overuse of interventions. In terms of rebates and volume discounts from device companies, the doctors discuss the ethics of cost savings that benefit a hospital system versus savings that benefit a physician-owned OBL. Dr. Arko recognizes that financing an OBL with device company partnerships can be a smart business decision if devices are used appropriately and only when indicated. He speaks about the need for societies to support more randomized control trials that compare the effectiveness of each atherectomy device. We also discuss implications for insurance coverage of PAD/CLTI interventions. Dr. Sabri believes that it is unfortunate when insurance companies become the decision-maker of patient treatments. --- RESOURCES “They Lost Their Legs. Doctors and Health Giants Profited” (NY Times, July 2023 article): https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/15/health/atherectomy-peripheral-artery-disease.html BEST-CLI: https://www.bestcli.com/ “Blocked Artery in Your Leg? Here’s What You Should Know” (ProPublica, June 2023 article) https://www.propublica.org/article/what-to-know-about-peripheral-artery-disease Outpatient Endovascular Interventional Society (OEIS): https://oeisweb.com/ Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) Position Statement: https://vascular.org/news-advocacy/articles-press-releases/svs-response-new-york-times-article-overuse-interventions

In this episode, host Dr. Michael Barraza interviews Dr. Zola N’Dandu, an interventional cardiologist at Ochsner Medical Center in Louisiana, about building a successful critical limb ischemia (CLI) program. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Boston Scientific Lab Agent https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/customer-service/ordering/lab-agent/contact.html?utm_source=oth_site&utm_medium=native&utm_campaign=pi-at-us-labagent-hci&utm_content=n-backtable-n-backtable_site_labagent_1_2023&cid=n10013205 Reflow Medical https://www.reflowmedical.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. N’Dandu’s current practice is about 65% peripheral artery disease, with a focus on critical limb ischemia. He discusses how he developed his current CLI focus by traveling and attending conferences, after his formal training. It was during one of these conferences that Dr. N’Dandu was inspired to further get involved with the patients in the wound care center at Ochsner. This interest led to the start of his CLI team. The episode then shifts towards Dr. N’Dandu’s process of building his CLI team. His commitment to this endeavor helped bring more like-minded people to his team. Having a centralized and committed team has helped Dr. N’Dandu streamline his patient visits, reduce the number of appointments needed for each patient, and greatly decrease the burden on the patients. Dr. N’Dandu then discusses the evolution of CLI in the last decade and how there are now more medications, therapies, and data available to support patient care. Procedural advancements have also been immensely helpful. Things like radial-to-pedal, 3rd and 4th generation stents, proliferative therapy with stents, drug-coated balloons, and bio-absorbable stents are all advancements in CLI treatment. Additionally, obtaining more data on each therapy will help refine the treatment algorithm for CLI. As the conversation shifts towards aspects that still need to evolve in CLI treatment, Dr. N’Dandu emphasizes that our treatment of no-option-CLI patients needs to change. One of the treatments that he uses for these patients is deep vein arterialization, a technique that was first discovered in 1912 but still has more potential for growth. DVA involves shunting arterial blood to the veins, which works for CLI, as studies show that it increases angiogenesis and perfusion of the tissue. As Dr. N’Dandu discusses the specifics of his DVA technique, he emphasizes that new advancements are being made every day, so it is crucial to have a cohesive team that can follow up with patients.

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews Jason Newton - an attorney with 14 years of private practice defense experience and current General Counsel at Curi - about cybersecurity in medicine and healthcare. --- SHOW NOTES Jason begins by introducing how he became an expert in cybersecurity law. Dr. Fritts and Jason then segue to the present day threats of ransomware in healthcare, beginning with a birds eye view and progressively getting more granular. They cover the topics of staffing shortage, how threat-actors are akin to present-day pirates, and the chief risk of ransomware. We learn that healthcare is the most common target of ransomware from threat-actors and how “big fish” are not only the main targets, meaning many smaller health entities are also under real threat. Jason explains well documented reports which detail the intense interest in health information of several US targets such as government leaders, military personnel, celebrities, and popular athletes. Dr. Fritts and Jason underscore how money is the central driving force behind ransomware attacks on healthcare. Jason also takes a deep dive into how threat-actors engage in social engineering to ensure their success. Troubling enough, Jason also shares how threat-actors (on average) have already infiltrated health systems 66 days prior to the day the breach has been discovered. Essentially health systems will only see threat-actors when these hackers want to be seen and demand ransom. ChatGPT, AI, and deep-fake technology is also discussed and how it can be used by threat-actors to bolster their ransomware attacks on healthcare. Jason also mentions the need for health systems to invest in cybersecurity insurance and the inverse relation between “secure” and “easy”. Health systems’ responsibility to secure their data is paramount to mitigating and avoiding ransomware. Jason highlights the necessity of training, the fact that people can be the weakest link in security, and how it is critical for everyone to approach their email inbox with a “no-trust” policy. Anti-phishing software can also be a very helpful addition to health systems looking to bolster their cybersecurity. Mr. Newton supplies some helpful training, consultation, and investigation resources from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. While we hope this discussion may be helpful, there are no guarantees that the information and resources shared will prevent and/or mitigate bad outcomes, and no guarantees or endorsements are made. Although Jason is an attorney, he cannot and does not offer legal advice to external parties and an attorney-client relationship is not established with listeners of this podcast. Please contact your personal or corporate attorney if you require legal advice. --- RESOURCES Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency website: https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools

In this episode, we delve into the career of Dr. Thomas Sos, a renowned figure in the field of Interventional Radiology (IR), and the triumphs and challenges he faced in the formative years of interventional radiology. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES The episode starts with an introduction to Dr. Sos, whose accomplishments include serving as SIR President from 1986-1987, receiving the SIR Gold Medalist in 2009, authoring 140 publications and 60+ book chapters, as well as winning the SIR Foundations in Leadership and Innovation award this past year. Dr. Sos reflects on his educational journey, starting with his medical degree from Harvard and continuing with diagnostic radiology residency and an IR fellowship at Cornell. As one of Cornell's first IR fellows, he discusses the intensity of his early training and his reasons for choosing this specialty. His fellowship years coincided with the formation of SIR and the rapid evolution of the field, offering him a chance to be part of its groundbreaking developments. He then traces his professional path, highlighting his work at Cornell and Brigham, his role as the youngest IR progressor at Cornell, and his position as the Divisional Chief of Cardiovascular IR. An important turning point in his career was a coronary angioplasty course in Zurich, Switzerland, which led to his collaboration with cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists. He remains an active participant in major conferences to share knowledge about angioplasty. Then, Dr. Sos discusses his shifting focus to peripheral vascular disease. As his work in IR began to draw attention, surgeons started acknowledging the growing influence of IR in medicine. This realization resulted in more surgeons learning about angioplasty and a collaboration between SIR and the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS).

Dr. Venkatesh Krishnasamy shares techniques and specific cases for challenging lung biopsies, his insights on mentorship, importance of multidisciplinary tumor boards, and the evolution of lung biopsy practices. Dr. Krishnasamy is an interventional radiologist and Director of Interventional Oncology at the University of Alabama Birmingham. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Merit Biopsy Solutions https://www.merit.com/solutions/biopsy-solutions/ --- SYNPOSIS The doctors cover practical advice on handling complications like pneumothorax and hemoptysis, and share strategies for optimizing workflows to improve patient outcomes. Dr. Krishnasamy encourages listeners to leverage mentor experience and partake in continued learning to advance their practice. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 05:16 - Lung Biopsy Referrals and Multidisciplinary Approach 12:03 - Complex Lung Biopsies 25:43 - Needle Position Verification 27:29 - Importance of Cytopathologist Presence 28:51 - Blood Patching vs. Plug Technique 33:54 - Post-Procedure Protocols 36:15 - Advanced Techniques and Mentorship 44:26 - Handling Hemoptysis During Biopsies 47:50 - Encouragement for Trainees --- RESOURCES Society of Interventional Oncology: https://www.sio-central.org/ BackTable VI Podcast Episode #278 - Minimizing Complications for Lung Biopsies with Dr. Robert Suh: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/278/minimizing-complications-for-lung-biopsies BackTable VI Podcast Episode #156 - Percutaneous Lung Biopsies: The Basics with Dr. Fred Lee (Part 1 of 2): https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/156/percutaneous-lung-biopsies-the-basics BackTable VI Podcast Episode #157 - Percutaneous Lung Biopsies: Pleural & Parenchymal Blood Patching with Dr. Fred Lee (Part 2 of 2): https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/157/percutaneous-lung-biopsies-pleural-parenchymal-blood-patching

In this episode, co-hosts Drs. Ally Baheti and Mike Barraza interview Dr. Ted Wen of Texas Radiology Associates and Dhruv Chopra of Collaborative Imaging about perspectives and helpful technology when managing an independent radiology practice. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Wen shares reasons why he and his colleagues chose to keep their practice independent. The fast-growing group spent eight years doing due diligence about private equity (PE) to decide if that was the right model for them. Dr. Wen met with PE firms around the country to explore the process of transitioning into PE practice ownership and its implications for current colleagues and future physician hires. Selling to PE would disproportionately benefit senior partners, who were ready to be bought out, over junior partners who would not qualify for the same deal. Additionally PE management could have the power to raise minimum RVU requirements and enforce highly restrictive noncompetes. Texas Radiology Associates ultimately decided that in order to compete in the radiology marketplace as an independent practice, they needed to make significant investments in technology to better serve their patients. They started to connect with Collaborative Imaging to pursue this mission. Dhruv notes that PE has the potential to bring in financial support, strategic relationships, and pathways to growth, but he also warns the audience that not all PE contracts are transparent nor designed to benefit physicians. Workflow, staffing, and collaboration with referring doctors can be extremely difficult when firms value cost savings and RVUs over patient care. All of these stressors have negatively impacted the radiology burnout rate. Dhruv describes the start of Collaborative Imaging, in 2018, as an attempt to integrate a revenue cycle management (RCM) system with radiology workflow at Texas Radiology Associates. This provided a cost-efficient solution that frees up funds to invest in other areas of the practice. Collaborative Imaging is currently working on an AI-driven system to notify patients of actionable findings that come up in their imaging. They are also exploring technology that will adapt the style of radiology reports to different referrers’ preferences. Both guests discuss the common inefficiencies that independent radiology practices face, including RCM, clarification over patients’ payment plans, and office wait times. Collaborative Imaging is working with practices around the country to build solutions. Radiology groups can contribute a percentage of their revenue into Collaborative Imaging and receive dividends, or they can license the RCM solution. --- RESOURCES Ep. 277- Private Equity and the Radiology Job Environment with Dr. Ben White: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/277/private-equity-the-radiology-job-environment Texas Radiology Associates: https://texasradiology.com/ Collaborative Imaging: https://collaborativeimaging.com/

In this episode, host Dr. Michael Barazza interviews Dr. John Smirniotopoulos about genicular nerve ablation, an innovative treatment option for the management of osteoarthritis. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS OBL Marketing https://oblmarketing.com/ Boston Scientific Nextlab https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/nextlab.html?utm_source=oth_site&utm_medium=native&utm_campaign=pi-at-us-nextlab-hci&utm_content=n-backtable-n-backtable_site_nextlab_1_2023&cid=n10013202 --- SHOW NOTES Dr. John Smirniotopoulos is an assistant professor of clinical radiology in the IR department at MedStar Georgetown University and MedStar Washington Hospital Center in DC. He developed the idea of genicular nerve ablation after consulting with his orthopedic colleagues at Georgetown about various pain interventions. He then formulated a treatment algorithm that begins with a conservative approach, using a nerve block for ablation. If the initial response is limited, a second ablation can be performed within six months. However, if the patient experiences only a short-term response, genicular artery embolization may be considered. Genicular nerve ablation proves to be a valuable therapy for patients who are not yet ready for knee replacements or need to postpone the procedure due to factors like high BMI or recent organ transplant. The therapy uses fluoroscopy or ultrasound to target four trunks of nerves, including the superomedial genicular, superolateral, inferomedial, and the suprapatellar nerves. The procedure is done under conscious sedation, and Dr. Smirniotopoulos aims for 50% pain reduction with his patients which is usually reached at six weeks. Dr. Smirniotopoulos and his team recently conducted a study to evaluate the outcomes of genicular nerve ablation. The results indicated a significant reduction in both the WOMAC score, which measures pain and functionality, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, which is a subjective measure of pain. Surprisingly, they discovered that age over 50 was the biggest predictor of positive outcomes, contrary to their initial expectation that BMI would play a more significant role. They attribute this finding to a higher prevalence of advanced OA in the older age group. Additionally, patients under 50 may have more sports-related injuries such as meniscal tears, leading them to return to high-intensity activities sooner than older patients. Dr. Smirniotopoulos has also seen success in performing nerve ablation in the hip, shoulder, SI, and intervertebral joints. This wide application of the procedure makes it a valuable and versatile treatment option for patients. --- RESOURCES Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation: Is There a Predictor of Outcomes?: https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(22)01597-4/fulltext

In this episode, Dr. Michael Barraza interviews Dr. Justin Guan about the SIR Global IR training network. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Guan starts the episode by discussing the IR program at the Cleveland Clinic, where the large case volume enables their trainees to get their pick about what types of cases they want to do. Dr. Guan then mentions his recent trip to Seoul, Korea for the Asia Pacific IR conference and discusses how he learned about new IR techniques that have not made their way into the mainstream yet. Dr. Guan highlights how the SIR Global training network was created due to a need for an entity that could globally spread IR education. He believes that there are insufficient training opportunities worldwide, and even within the countries that have these opportunities, there is a huge variation in IR training. Then, Dr. Guan highlights initiatives that the SIR Global training network is trying to implement and their current challenges. These challenges include insufficient IR services worldwide, a lack of public awareness about IR procedures, and a lack of data about differences in IR training across different countries. One initiative aimed to address these challenges is the Global IR Juniors summits, which recently got approval to be held at the SIR conference. At this summit, IRs from around the world discuss what updates and new research from their respective IR societies.. Dr. Guan also discusses how they are currently working on the Global Training Network, which will be a database of different IR physicians to provide opportunities for observership and mentorship and it will serve as a hub for a clinical exchange of IR knowledge worldwide. --- RESOURCES Public Awareness of Interventional Radiology: Population-Based Analysis of the Current State of and Pathways for Improvement: https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(23)00122-7/fulltext Global Assessment of the Status of Interventional Radiology: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/ZBVFXQ8

In this episode, Dr. Jacob Fleming interviews Dr. Majid Khan, a spine interventionalist and expert in neuroimaging, about microwave ablation, a new treatment modality that has garnered significant attention. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Boston Scientific Lab Agent https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/customer-service/ordering/lab-agent/contact.html?utm_source=oth_site&utm_medium=native&utm_campaign=pi-at-us-labagent-hci&utm_content=n-backtable-n-backtable_site_labagent_1_2023&cid=n10013205 --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/1YOW1H --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Khan completed his radiology residency in New York and his fellowship in neuroradiology at John Hopkins. As he progressed in the field, he observed a significant shift in spinal care towards interventional methods and began to study these techniques, which included radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation for treating spinal tumors. However, when he treated cases of prostate cancer spine metastases, he realized that RFA was challenging, due to the high bone impedance of osteoblastic lesions. This obstacle piqued his interest in microwave ablation, an alternative technique that employs an electromagnetic wave to induce rapid oscillation of hydrogen atoms in water molecules. This oscillation generates frictional heat, leading to coagulative tumor necrosis. Unlike RFA, microwave ablation significantly reduces bone impedance, making it a promising solution for these cases. Dr. Khan cautions that special care must be taken when operating in areas near nerves due to the elevated temperatures. To ensure safety, he recommends the use of a probe within the frequency range of 900 MHz to 1.2 GHz and the incorporation of thermocouplers as a safeguard during the ablation process. Furthermore, Dr. Khan delves into the indications for ablation based on the extent of tumor metastasis. In cases of oligometastatic disease, he advises a more aggressive treatment approach by extending the ablation zone beyond the actual tumor size. On the other hand, when dealing with diffusely metastatic disease, the primary goal of treatment shifts towards pain reduction. The two conclude their discussion with Dr. Khan’s advice for physicians planning to utilize microwave ablation. He advises them to approach their initial 5-10 cases judiciously, in an effort to minimize the risk of complications that may adversely impact their self-confidence. Having adequate self confidence enhances the likelihood of achieving successful outcomes. For those looking for a valuable resource in the field, Dr. Khan has recently published a comprehensive textbook that features contributions from experts in the field. --- RESOURCES “Assessing long-term locoregional control of spinal osseous metastases after microwave ablation”: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35963064/ Vertebral Augmentation: https://shop.thieme.com/Vertebral-Augmentation/9781684200153 Image Guided Interventions of the Spine https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-80079-6

In this episode, host Dr. Sabeen Dhand interviews vascular surgeon Dr. Rami Tadros about advantages and indications for radial access in PAD treatment and the current selection of radial access devices. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Surmodics Sublime Radial Access Platform https://sublimeradial.com/ --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Rami Tadros is a vascular surgeon and Site Director of Endovascular Aortic Surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital. Dr. Tadros begins by discussing how often he uses radial access in his practice, how current wire and catheter technology limits the potential of radial access, and how evolution of these devices (such as increased length and improved sizing for transradial tools) is on the horizon. Dr. Tadros also discusses the indications and specific advantages for radial access. He describes his device preferences, workflow, and workarounds for radial access. The doctors then take a deeper dive into lengths and sizing of the tools that are currently on the market. They offer some insight on maximizing distance while still maintaining pushability and taking into account the variety of patient anatomy. There is also a brief discussion on pedal access, risks associated with it, and closure complications. Dr. Tadros covers specific clinical vignettes for treating PAD with radial access. There are limitations of the currently available devices, so it is important to plan for distal embolization and bailout stents. We conclude the episode with some guidance for radial access. We review the required tools, the importance of confirming patency of the palmar arch, and the Barbeau test to inform radial access. Dr. Tadros also highlights the use of verapamil, heparin, and nitroglycerin to minimize the risk of vessel spasm. --- RESOURCES Dr. Rami Tadros Twitter: https://twitter.com/VascMD

In this episode, host Dr. Aaron Fritts interviews interventional radiologist Dr. Gregg Khodorov about design thinking to improve healthcare outcomes, getting involved with innovation as a trainee, and ways to successfully advocate for idea implementation. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/88AWhz --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Khodorov was introduced to design thinking when he was pursuing his MBA before medical school. Design thinking revolves around the idea of human-centered design, and it is useful when thinking about healthcare outcomes. The process involves a combination of the scientific process and creative elements. In medical school, Dr. Khodorov led a student organization that taught innovation concepts and encouraged his classmates to explore the entrepreneurship space. The doctors review examples of good and bad designs, such as pill packs instead of orange pill bottles, the confusing EpiPen drug delivery system, the automated voice system on AEDs, and instructions for scrub machines. Then, they focus on design projects that Dr. Khodorov has been working on during his residency. During his intern year, he introduced design thinking to surgical didactic conferences. As an IR resident, he has embarked on collaboration projects with industrial design students to improve the angio suite. One of these improvements was ceiling-mounted lighting that improves visibility during procedures. Dr. Khodorov believes that valuable insights can be offered by people outside of medicine, since they often question the status quo of healthcare and can generate ideas to solve efficiency and safety problems. He notes that it is important to judge two specific characteristics of each idea– effort and impact. The best ideas are the ones with the lowest effort and the highest impact. The next step is to convince stakeholders to accept and invest in the idea. It is helpful to find key performance indicators, forecast numerical outcomes, and identify mentors who will champion the idea. Pitching an idea as a quality improvement initiative is a great way to get dedicated time to work on the project, although it is important to pay attention to institutional policies about intellectual property. Throughout the episode, Dr. Khodorov shares some of his favorite innovation resources, including conferences, workshops and books. --- RESOURCES Health Design Lab: https://www.healthdesignlab.com/ Health Design Thinking: https://www.amazon.com/Health-Design-Thinking-Creating-Products/dp/0262539136 Google Ventures: https://www.gv.com/ This is Service Design Doing: https://www.thisisservicedesigndoing.com/

In this episode, Dr. Jacob Fleming interviews Dr. Alok Sharan about low back awake spinal surgery. This innovative approach offers patients a more pleasant surgical experience compared to traditional surgery under general anesthesia. Not only does it provide better patient outcomes, but it also reduces the need for opioid pain medication and allows for improved mobility after the procedure. --- EARN CME Reflect on how this Podcast applies to your day-to-day and earn free AMA PRA Category 1 CMEs: https://earnc.me/3kWFrM --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Sharan began his career in academic medicine at Montefiore, where he gained valuable experience in caring for individuals with severe back problems requiring spine surgery. During his time at Montefiore, Dr. Sharan recognized the changing landscape of healthcare and decided to pursue a healthcare MBA. This unique combination of medical expertise and business knowledge led him to transition to private practice. Dr. Sharan explains that awake spinal surgery offers several benefits for patients undergoing spine procedures. It enables patients to mobilize and recover from surgery more quickly, leading to faster overall recovery times and decreased risk of delirium. Additionally, patients have the opportunity to return home on the same day as the surgery, promoting a more convenient and comfortable experience. Awake spinal surgery also helps reduce the reliance on narcotics for pain management, with patients typically only needing narcotics for around four days compared to the usual four to six weeks with surgeries performed under general anesthesia. Due to the improvement in patient outcomes and the tremendous cost-efficiency of the procedure, awake spinal surgery is an appealing option for individuals requiring spinal fusions and other procedures. Dr. Sharan's entrepreneurial drive has led him to create a comprehensive preoperative education program. His patients are provided with virtual reality headsets to simulate and experience the day of surgery and the actual surgical procedure. The aim is to alleviate any fears or anxieties the patients may have prior to undergoing surgery by immersing them in a realistic virtual environment. This approach helps to prepare patients mentally and emotionally, ensuring a smoother and more comfortable surgical experience. Dr. Sharan is now sharing his techniques with surgeons around the world and anticipates this technique being implemented in many fields in the future. --- RESOURCES Awake Spinal Fusion: https://awakespinalfusion.com Doc Social: https://doc.social Dr. Sharan’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alok-sharan-6a612610/

In this episode, guest host Dr. Robert Ryu interviews Dr. Warren Clements and Dr. Premal Trivedi about the current state of IVC filter retrievals, obstacles to increasing retrieval rates, and their experiences with implementing programs to increase IVC filter retrieval rates within their respective healthcare systems. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Boston Scientific Lab Agent https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/customer-service/ordering/lab-agent/contact.html?utm_source=oth_site&utm_medium=native&utm_campaign=pi-at-us-labagent-hci&utm_content=n-backtable-n-backtable_site_labagent_1_2023&cid=n10013205 --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Clements begins the discussion by giving an overview of his recent paper published in CVIR, which explores a novel multidisciplinary approach to IVC filter retrievals. He introduces key features of the Australian healthcare system that contribute to their strengths and challenges with IVC filter retrievals. Dr. Clements emphasizes the positive correlation between maintaining an active database of all IVC filter patients and increased retrieval rates. He discusses the limitations of their previous approach towards IVC filter retrievals, which relied on referring physicians and an automatic retrieval referral system. This passive model posed issues with timing and led to a lower retrieval rate. He also highlights the differences in governmental oversight and filter utilization between Australia and the US, emphasizing the importance of aiming for a 100% retrieval rate. The new approach at his hospital involves a multidisciplinary team, which has resulted in retrieval rates going from 53% to 74% . Next, Dr. Trivedi discusses his recent paper, which is also focused on quality improvement surrounding IVC filter retrieval. He describes his health system’s previous passive approach that relied on a follow-up list of all patients with IVC filters. The list was checked monthly, and letters were sent to patients providing the status of their filters along with educational material. However, since 2016, they have adopted an active methodology, which relies on the IR team actively evaluating the list of patients with an IVC filter and verifying whether retrieval is appropriate in each case. This active approach engages referring doctors and schedules retrievals as needed. Implementing this new methodology has resulted in an increase in IVC retrieval rates from 49% to 61%. The doctors discuss the significant number of filters placed before 2010 that still need to be retrieved. They emphasize the need for a central dedicated team to take responsibility for filter follow-up and retrieval, and they highlight potential role of AI in automating the process and addressing issues related to patients who are lost to follow-up. Finally, they discuss the future of filter retrieval. Both Dr. Clements and Dr. Trivedi stress the importance of knowing the IVC retrieval rate to set goals accordingly. Dr. Clements shares his team's goal of reducing median dwell time to less than 150 days and the benefits of establishing a national registry. Dr. Trivedi emphasizes the need for incremental goals and celebrating small wins on the path towards increasing overall filter retrieval rates. He also discusses the importance of aligning economic and health incentives and leveraging existing AI technology. They all agree that achieving a 100% filter retrieval rate requires a collaborative effort within a multidisciplinary team. --- RESOURCES “Improving the rate of inferior vena cava filter retrieval through multidisciplinary engagement” by Clements et al: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958400/ “Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval Rates Associated With Passive and Active Surveillance Strategies Adopted by Implanting Physicians” By Trivedi and Ryu et al: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802524

In this episode, host Dr. Aparna Baheti interviews Dr. Kuldeep Singh who breaks down the three stages of lymphedema, their respective medical and surgical treatment options, all while sharing key insights he has developed through years of experience in treating and caring for patients with lymphedema at a high level throughout the episode. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Medtronic HawkOne Directional Atherectomy System https://www.medtronic.com/hawkone Philips SymphonySuite https://www.philips.com/symphonysuite --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Kuldeep is a Vascular Surgeon, the Director of Limb Salvage Surgery, and Program Director at Zucker School of Medicine at North Wall Hospital in Staten Island. He begins by recounting the first time he was approached by a patient suffering from Stage 3 lower extremity lymphedema, along with his initial thought process/treatment plan for the patient. He then goes on to speak on several similarities/challenges he has encountered through treating a number of patients with lymphedema, including managing/treating psychological body dysmorphia in most patients after successful surgical treatment of lymphedema. Kuldeep underscores the gravity and risks associated with moving forward with the Charles procedure (which is also known as lymphedema debulking operation), how such a surgical option should only be considered for patients with Stage 3 lymphedema, and how to encourage and promote consistent pre-operative care. Kuldeep goes onto discuss the operation itself in detail - explaining how the surgery is best done as a team (Vascular (dissecting soft tissue and placing Wound VAC for 1 week to promote formation of granulation tissue), Plastics (skin grafting/reconstruction after 1 week), and Pathology), working within the fascial plane (differentiating fascia, muscle, and fat), dealing with calcified fat effectively, difficulty of identifying fascia in setting of lymphedema, and working near the ankle (avoiding iatrogenic injury of anterior and posterior tibial arteries and achilles tendon). We wrap up the episode by discussing postoperative course: admitting the patient into Burn ICU after each step of the procedure, reapplying Wound VAC after Vascular and Plastic portions, and only discharging the patient from Burn ICU to a rehab facility after evidence of good graft uptake. --- RESOURCES Limb Salvage for “Hopeless” Lymphedema: Reviving the Charles Procedure by Singh et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.01.021

In this episode, Dr. Alexander Vezeridis discusses advanced biliary interventions; covering stone removal procedures, technical success rates, and practical tips for using Spyglass cholangioscopy, laser lithotripsy, and endobiliary ablation. Dr. Vezeridis is an interventional radiologist, physician-scientist, and Assistant Professor of Radiology at Stanford. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR RADPAD® Radiation Protection https://www.radpad.com/ --- SYNPOSIS Dr. Vezeridis highlights the importance of continuous learning, collaboration with other specialties, and shares his experiences and tips for optimizing patient outcomes. The doctors also touch on innovative approaches such as photodynamic therapy and the use of various tools in managing benign and malignant biliary diseases. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 03:25 - Setting Up Spyglass in Your Practice 10:50 - Patient Selection and Procedure Details 24:27 - Stone Fragmentation Techniques 27:35 - Success Rates and Patient Outcomes 35:06 - Endobiliary Ablation Techniques 47:35 - Laser Treatment for Biliary Obstructions 49:18 - Future Innovations --- RESOURCES BackTable VI Podcast Episode #146 - Spyglass Interventions with Dr. Jeffrey Chick and Dr. Ravi Srinivasa: https://www.backtable.com/shows/vi/podcasts/146/spyglass-interventions Spyglass - Boston Scientific: https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/medical-specialties/gastroenterology/advancements-cholangioscopy.html Percutaneous Gallstone Removal: Long-term Follow-up (Dr. Hovsepian Paper): https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(96)70766-2/pdf SIR’s Percutaneous Cholangiopancreatoscopy (PCPS) registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05210322 StarMed Endoscopic RFA Clinical Articles: https://www.starmedacademy.com/endoscopic-rfa-clinical-articles-elra Habib Endobiliary Ablation Catheter: https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/products/rf-ablation/habib-endohpb-bipolar-radiofrequency-catheter.html Interventional Radiology-Operated Choledochoscopic-Guided Radiofrequency Wire and Holmium Laser Ablations May Facilitate Treatment and Long-Term Patency of Benign Biliary Strictures: https://www.jvir.org/article/S1051-0443(18)31535-5/abstract Percutaneous Cholangioscope-Assisted Laser Incision of Severe Benign Hepaticojejunostomy Stenoses: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35504434/ Percutaneous Endoluminal Benign Biliary Laser (PEBBL) (Clinical Trial): https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05567003

In this episode, host Dr. Ally Baheti interviews interventional radiologist Dr. Brooke Spencer about management of pelvic venous disease, endovascular therapies for pelvic varices, and important considerations for treating patients with complex and chronic pain. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Boston Scientific Drug Elution https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/medical-specialties/vascular-surgery/drug-eluting-therapies.html?utm_source=oth_site&utm_medium=native&utm_campaign=pi-at-us-de_portfolio-hci&utm_content=n-backtable-n-backtable_site_portfolio_1_2023&cid=n10012334 --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Spencer serves as the CEO and medical director of Minimally Invasive Procedure Specialists in Denver, CO. Her patients commonly get referred from OB/GYNs for chronic pelvic pain that is refractory to laparoscopic surgery and undiagnosed. She notes that collaborative relationships with women's health specialists and pelvic pain physical therapists are necessary for adequate patient outreach. Classifying cases by the location and nature of the vessel abnormality (i.e. compressive, obstructive, varicose, reflux, congenital) allows her to think about the best treatment for each patient. Targeting proximal veins can improve back and groin pain, dyspareunia, and heavy periods. Iliac vein stenting can improve compressive symptoms 50% of the time. On the other hand, isolated labial pain is best treated by directly targeting labial varices. Perineal ultrasound is a helpful way to locate some varicosities, but Dr. Spencer prefers MRI and digital subtraction venography to get a comprehensive venous picture and correlate symptoms with imaging. Next, the doctors discuss embolization and foam sclerotherapy. Through her experience, Dr. Spencer has seen sclerotherapy work better in varices with slower outflow and coil embolization work better for varices with more rapid flow. She prefers oversized floppy coils to minimize the risk of migration. With both treatments, there can be significant insurance barriers. It is important to utilize preauthorization specialists and be aware of what the patient’s insurance will cover, in order to better frame a conversation about treatment options. After the procedure, maximal pain relief can be achieved anywhere between 3 to 6 months. During this period, it is important to counsel patients over adjunct therapies such as pelvic floor therapy, steroids, and puncture aspiration to remove trapped blood. Overall, Dr. Spencer wants IRs to keep in mind that the chronic pain population has faced many misdiagnoses and insurance barriers, so they might harbor mistrust of the healthcare system. It is crucial to acknowledge their feelings and understand their anatomy in order to manage their expectations. --- RESOURCES Pelvic Guru: https://pelvicguru.com/ Efficacy of Endovascular Treatment for Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27318059/ International Pelvic Pain Society: https://www.pelvicpain.org/ “The Way Out” book: https://www.amazon.com/Way-Out-Revolutionary-Scientifically-Approach/dp/059308683X

In this episode, host Dr. Christopher Beck interviews Dr. Peter Soukas about his algorithm for below the knee (BTK) critical limb ischemia (CLI) interventions as well as his implementation of new evidence-based guidance. --- CHECK OUT OUR SPONSOR Medtronic HawkOne Directional Atherectomy System https://www.medtronic.com/hawkone --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Soukas serves as the director of vascular medicine, the interventional peripheral vascular lab, and the endovascular medicine fellowship at Brown University in Providence, RI. In addition, he holds the position of associate professor of medicine at The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University. Dr. Soukas began his career as an interventional cardiologist. Over the course of his 13-year tenure in Providence, he has dedicated his career to the treatment of CLI and BTK disease. Prior to any interventional work, Dr. Soukas follows a comprehensive work-up including an ankle-brachial index (ABI), arterial duplex, and evaluating kidney function for safe administration of contrast. For a majority of cases, he uses the common femoral artery as the access point, but prefers to prep multiple access sites in the event of needing both anterograde and retrograde, or pedal, access. He discusses the use of the chronic total occlusion crossing approach based on plaque cap morphology (CTOP) classification on angiogram in determining the need for a retrograde approach. The type I morphology is characterized by the convexity of the plaque pointing away and is often treated successfully by an anterograde approach alone, as CTOP types II, III, and IV benefited from the addition of retrograde tibiopedal access. Once access is gained and the plaque morphology is evaluated using angiography, it becomes crucial to address any issues with the inflow to the affected vessel. This step ensures proper blood flow and provides a stable foundation for further interventions. Intravascular ultrasound is then used to assess the size and extent of the plaque, and then depending on the amount of calcification, either intravascular lithotripsy or calcium modifying technology can be used. Scoring balloons with low pressure may also be used for vessels that are moderately calcified and have been shown to have low rates of recoil and dissection. The main initiative of the procedure is to provide blood flow to the target angiosome which is dependent on the location of the wound. During his last remarks, Dr. Soukas comments on the future of BTK interventions, including Paclitaxel vs Sirolimus eluting stents, the use of self-expanding stents, and LimFlow, a minimally invasive technology that creates a channel between an artery and vein allowing the vein to provide blood flow to the foot. With the increasing prevalence of critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and high 12-month mortality rates in patients with amputations, Dr. Soukas ends the discussion by emphasizing how revascularization should be the preferred initial approach in treating CLTI due to the potential benefits it offers in terms of limb preservation and mortality reduction, urging practitioners to educate patients in being aggressive in their care. --- RESOURCES CTOP article: https://evtoday.com/articles/2018-may/using-plaque-cap-morphology-to-determine-cto-crossing-approach Disrupt PAD III Observational study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34380334/ PRELUDE BTK Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802313/ Intravascular Ultrasound study: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcin.2022.01.001 Intravascular US in Medicare Beneficiaries: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35998803/ PROMISE II study: https://limflow.com/us/clinical-evidence/promise-ii-study-results/

In this episode, host Dr. Jacob Fleming interviews one of his attendings Dr. Bhavya Shah about the remarkable features of focused ultrasound technology and its applications. They discuss its dynamic nature, allowing for a wide range of applications. --- SHOW NOTES Dr. Bhavya Shah is a neuroradiologist at UT Southwestern in Dallas, TX and the director of their transcranial-focused ultrasound lab. While in residency at Boston MIT, he studied the radiology applications for nerve regeneration and expanded his scope of practice during his fellowship at Stanford. Dr. Bhavya Shah explains the use of low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), particularly in the context of movement disorders including essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. LIFU is used to identify the appropriate targets in the brain in relation to the disease and may be used to alter how neurons behave. In contrast, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is utilized to ablate and destroy tissues typically after the localization of the intended treatment area. Dr. Shah developed a way to identify targets in the brain for treatment with focused ultrasound with the use of four-tract tractography in cadavers. Using this technology, the brain can be thinly sliced into sections which could then be registered off an MRI back to the path using block face photography, allowing the identification of white matter tracts that enter and leave the thalamus. With these tracts identified, neuroradiologists can first stimulate the localized area with LIFU to confirm the location, then ablate using HIFU. The procedure lasts approximately 30-45 minutes as the patient remains awake. Remarkably, patients with essential tremor usually experience benefit immediately following the procedure as patients with Parkinson’s have symptom improvement within days to weeks. After two hours of observation, patients are discharged assuming no side effects. Side effects are uncommon but can include numbness and tingling around the mouth or fingertips as well as muscle weakness. Beyond its use for movement disorders, the adaptable nature of focused ultrasound technology shows promise for a broad range of applications, particularly for the use of neuropsychiatric conditions. Dr. Shah offers the potential for the use of HIFU as a wearable device that delivers constant stimulation modulated by biofeedback, potentially eliminating the need for MRI for the procedure. Dr. Shah and Dr. Fleming end the discussion with how radiology has evolved over the years and the importance of keeping an open mind working in a multidisciplinary team. They emphasize the gravity of patient engagement and the central goal of medicine and improving the standard of care should always be aimed at benefiting the patient. --- RESOURCES MRI–Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor: https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/138/4/article-p1028.xml Trial of Globus Pallidus Focused Ultrasound Ablation in Parkinson’s Disease: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2202721 Long-term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson's disease: a clinical-instrumental study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37208527/ Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy. A Single Center Experience With 160 Procedures: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8894664/