Astral Codex Ten Podcast – Details, episodes & analysis

[Original post: Vibecession - Much More Than You Wanted To Know]

Table of Contents

1: When was the vibecession?
2: Is the vibecession just sublimating cultural complaints?
3: Discourse downstream of the Mike Green $140K poverty line post
4: What about other countries?
5: Comments on rent/housing
6: Comments on inflation
7: Comments on vibes
8: Other good comments
9: The parable of Calvin's grandparents
10: Updates / conclusions

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/highlights-from-the-comments-on-vibecession

This year's prediction contest is live on Metaculus. They write:

This year's contest draws directly from that community, with all questions suggested by ACX readers. Both experienced forecasters and newcomers are invited to participate, making predictions across U.S. politics, AI, international affairs, and culture.

To participate, submit your predictions by January 17th at 11:59 PM PT. At that time, we will take a snapshot of all standing forecasts, which will determine the contest rankings and the allocation of the $10,000 prize pool. While you are encouraged to continue updating your predictions throughout the year, forecasts made after January 17th will only affect site leaderboards, not contest rankings.

You are welcome to create a bot account to forecast and participate in addition to your regular Metaculus account. Create a bot account and get support building a bot here.

And they've also announced this year's winners for best questions submitted. Congratulations to:

1. Gumbledalf ($700)
2. espiritu57 ($500)
3. setasojiro843047 (Substack handle) ($400)
4. sai_39 ($300)
5. nicholaskross ($250)
6. (Anonymous) ($200)
7. (Anonymous) ($200)
8. RMD ($150)
9. (Anonymous) ($150)
10. Hippopotamus_bartholomeus ($150)

To participate in the tournament or learn more, go to Metaculus.

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/acxmetaculus-prediction-contest-2026

Last year, I wrote that it would be very hard to decrease the number of mentally ill homeless people in San Francisco. Commenters argued that no, it would be easy, just build more jails and mental hospitals.

A year later, San Francisco feels safer. Visible homelessness is way down. But there wasn't enough time to build many more jails or mental hospitals. So what happened? Were we all wrong?

Probably not. I only did a cursory investigation, and this is all low-confidence, but it looks like:

1. There was a big decrease in tent encampments, because a series of court cases made it easier for cities to clear them. Most of the former campers are still homeless. They just don't have tents.
2. There might have been a small decrease in overall homelessness, probably because of falling rents.
3. Mayor Lurie claims to have a Plan To End Homelessness, but it's probably not responsible for the difference.
4. Every city accuses every other city of shipping homeless people across their borders, but this probably doesn't explain most of what's going on in San Francisco in particular.

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/what-happened-to-sf-homelessness

I.

PEPFAR - a Bush initiative to send cheap AIDS drugs to Africa - has saved millions of lives and is among the most successful foreign aid programs ever. A Trump decision briefly put it "on pause", although this seems to have been walked back; its current status is unclear but hopeful.

In the debate around this question, many people asked - is it really fair to spend $6 billion a year to help foreigners when so many Americans are suffering? Shouldn't we value American lives more than foreign ones? Can't we spend that money on some program that helps people closer to home?

This is a fun thing to argue about - which, as usual, means it's a purely philosophical question unrelated to the real issue.

If you cancelled PEPFAR - the single best foreign aid program, which saves millions of foreign lives - the money wouldn't automatically redirect itself to the single best domestic aid program which saves millions of American lives.

https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/money-saved-by-canceling-programs

The best thing about personalized medicine is that it's obviously right. The worst thing is we mostly have no idea how to do it. We know that different people respond to different treatments. But outside a few special cases like cancer, we don't know how to predict which treatment will work for which person. Some psychiatric researchers claim they can do this at a high level; I think they're wrong. For most treatments and most conditions, there's no way to figure out whether a given sometimes-effective treatment will work on a given individual besides trying it and seeing.

This suggests that some chronic conditions might do best with a model centered around a controlled process of guess-and-check. When it's safe and possible, we should be maximizing throughput – finding out how to test as many medications as we can in the short time before we exhaust our patients' patience, and how to best assess the effects of each. The process of treating each individual should mirror the process of medicine in general, balancing the need to run controlled trials and gather more evidence with the need to move quickly.

I don't know how seriously to take this idea, but I would like to try it.

There's some literature suggesting that people are more careful when they think in probabilities. If you ask them for a definite answer, they might give it and sound very confident, but if you encourage them to think probabilistically they might admit there's more uncertainty.

I wanted to look into this in the context of the recent Supreme Court confirmation hearings, so I asked readers to estimate their probability that Judge Kavanaugh was guilty of sexually assaulting Dr. Ford. I got 2,350 responses (thank you, you are great). Here was the overall distribution of probabilities. Horizontal axis is percent chance he did it; vertical axis is number of people who responded with that percent:

This looks weird because people were most likely to give numbers rounded off the the nearest ten.

I separated responses into bins from 0 – 9%, 10 – 19%, and so on to 90 – 100%. Keep in mind that the last bin is slightly larger than the others, so it might make it unfairly look like more people gave extreme high answers than extreme low answers. I also switched the vertical axis to percent of responses in each bin. Smoothed out, it looks like this:

This looks pretty balanced, and it is: the average probability is 52.64%. This is probably a fake balance based on all the different demographic skews involved cancelling out: 2.5x as many Democrats as Republicans answered the survey, but 9x as many men as women did.

Thanks to the 129 people who tried altering their nighttime carbon dioxide levels after my post on this, and who reported back to me. There was no difference between people who pre-registered for the study and people who didn't, on any variable, so I ignored pre-registration.

126 people reported one intervention they performed. The most common was sleeping with a window open: 

People generally reported slight but positive changes: 

When asked to rate the magnitude of improvement to well-being on a 0 to 5 scale, they averaged 1.4: 

I mentioned in the post that succulents could help in theory, but you needed to get the right kind of succulents and you needed at least ten of them. I was skeptical that anyone really got ten succulents in their room, so I wondered whether that might work as a crypto-placebo group.

If so, the intervention failed to separate from placebo. Succulent users had an average improvement of 1.29, compared to about 1.50 for people who did other things. The difference wasn't significant, although admittedly the sample size was low.

Looking at the various groups, the most striking difference was actually people who left a window open (1.57) vs. people who did one of the other named options (1.31). A few people who left windows open mentioned this made their room cooler, which seemed to help with sleep. But this is very post hoc, and this difference wasn't significant either.

[Content note: attempt to consider real people's real problems using angel-on-pinhead impractical reasoning and ideas]

I.

Imagine the state of nature, except for some reason there are cities. Some people in these cities play the drums all night and keep everyone else awake. The sleep-deprived people get together and agree this is unacceptable. They embark on a long journey to the wilderness where they found their own community of Nodrumia.

They form a company, the Nodrumia Corporation, which owns all the property in the area. The corporation distributes usage rights via a legal instrument that looks suspiciously like private property: people who own usage rights keep them forever, can do whatever they want with the land, and can freely transfer and sell them to others. The only difference is that the usage rights have a big asterisk on them saying "contract is null and void if you break the rules of the Nodrumia Corporation". These rules are set by a board chosen democratically by the inhabitants, and are all things like "You can't play drums at night", and "You can't sell property to people who will play the drums at night", and "Anyone who plays the drums at night shall be exiled".

One day a Nodrumian wants to move out, so he puts his house up for sale. The highest bidder is a drummer who wants to use the property as a studio so he can play the drums at night. The Corporation steps in and bans the sale. The property owner protests, saying that he is being oppressed.

According to libertarian philosophy, who is in the right?

The argument against the drummer: the land is basically the private property of the Nodrumia Corporation, and libertarians believe that private landowners should be able to determine what happens on their property. And more fundamentally, the people there have a strong preference against living near drummers, and that preference seems fundamentally satisfiable if their property rights are respected, and it seems stupid to legislate a world where people are forever forbidden from satisfying a fundamentally satisfiable preference and have to be unhappy all the time.

Quixote writes:

It's odd to me how bad San Francisco is, when other large cities like New York or Paris are basically utopias.

But just a few comments down, Lasagna says:

I despise (I'm choosing that word carefully) [New York City]. I still commute there every day, and I can't stand it – the broken infrastructure, the horrible smells, the $14 for a yogurt and coffee in the morning, the massive crowds of unpleasant people (how could we NOT be? We're walking through an open sewer). There's a litany of other things that keep me permanently angry and depressed (just the thought of how much earlier I would have started a family if I didn't live there….) I find it decadent, selfish, shallow – pick your bad adjective. I'll stop now.

Where I live now is nice. We have a town we can walk to, a lawn for the kids to play on and me to mow, we cook at home, we have enough room for our family to live and the kids to get exercise, even indoors. There's no WAY I'm giving that up so I can live in an apartment again, all so NYC can squeeze MORE people into its area.

If I had my way, we'd be much further away from the metro area than we are now, in a bigger, cheaper home with more land. But that isn't possible; NYC is where my job is, and that's that. Fine. But let's not make things worse, and make NYC (and San Francisco, and DC, and Boston) even MORE indispensable generators of jobs. And please don't think for a second that there aren't sizable numbers of people like me, and like you, who do not want these things for our families […] Thanks for letting me rant. You should have seen the first draft of this thing. Twice as long, Scott. A litany of woes and anger.

This would be fascinating if it weren't so predictable. One person describes NYC as "basically utopia", and another person can't stop ranting about how much he hates it and is glad to have escaped it.

In the same vein, from Cerastes:

"I think neurotypical people usually underestimate how bad cities are for people with noise sensitivities, anxiety, purity intuitions, or just a need for nature and green things in their environment, …"

THIS!!! A MILLION TIMES THIS!!

The concept of living somewhere that isn't green is literally nauseating to me, and the idea of a place that isn't teeming with wild animals feels like suffocating. My house is in as wild a place as possible given my commute, budget, and region, and almost every room has a fully planted vivarium with an animal (as well as my office).

The amount of urbanist triumphalist crap drives me up the wall, as if these people cannot see why someone would not want to live in conditions far inferior to even low-quality zoos, or why someone might need to balance a job in a city with such desires.

Being 100% honest, I actually feel like there's something genuinely wrong with people who don't feel the need to spend time in nature, especially if they also lack pets. They're like sterile androids in some sort of weird dystopia, utterly cut off from life.

[Epistemic status: very unsure. I sympathize with many YIMBY ideas and might support them on net; this post is me exaggerating the NIMBY parts of my brain to a degree I'm not sure I honestly support. This focuses on San Francisco to make it easier, but other cities exist too. Thanks to Nintil for some of the bright-line argument in part four. Conflict of interest notice: I live in a lower-density part of Oakland]

Everyone I know is a YIMBY – ie "Yes In My Back Yard" – ie somebody who wants cities (usually San Francisco dominates the discussion) to build more and denser housing. This is a reasonable position, and is held by apparently-reasonable people – centrists, rationalists, economists, self-proclaimed neoliberals. Since everyone involved holds reason and civility as an important value, I would expect the discourse around housing to be unusually reasonable and civil.

I have a weird habit of encountering the best parts of some movements and the worst parts of other movements, in a way that doesn't match other people's experiences. And certainly I know many YIMBYs who are amazing people who I love. But as for the movement as a whole, I feel like apparently-reasonable people have dropped the ball on this one. Sorry for having to say this, but YIMBYism is one of the most tribal, most emotional, most closed-minded movements I have ever seen this side of a college campus. So much so that even though I agree with much of what it says, I cannot resist writing a 5,000 word steelman of their enemies just to piss them off.

So here are some YIMBY claims and why I cannot be entirely on board with them.