A podcast delivering wine perspectives ex-chateau. Insights, analysis, and perspectives on news and trends in the wine industry beyond winemaking, such as marketing, finance, and consumer trends. From noted wine blogger Robert Vernick (@wineterroir) and leading wine business consultant and author of Luxury Wine Marketing Peter Yeung (@winebizguy), this podcast navigates the business of wine with unique perspectives and insights.
Evolution, not Revolution w/ Giampiero Bertolini, Biondi Santi
Épisode 176
lundi 9 septembre 2024 • Durée 29:30
Taking over an iconic estate can be both exciting and terrifying. When EPI purchased the iconic Brunello di Montalcino producer Biondi Santi in 2017, they asked Giampiero Bertolini to take over as CEO. Giampiero was excited to join the “Champions League” of wine but also had to convince the local community that this outside investment would be good. He delves into how Biondi Santi has been pushing toward creating more value for the brand while maintaining its core essence.
Detailed Show Notes:
Biondi Santi’s history
Family invented Brunello di Montalcino
Founded in 1888 - Ferruccio Biondi Santi had a vision of quality wine with longevity during a time when people focused on quantity with wine as part of the diet
Bottled in Bordeaux-shaped glass (a sign of quality) vs. standard Tuscan fiasco
Tancredi Biondi Santi - one of the top consulting winemakers of the time, was asked to write appellation rules in 1967
Franco Biondi Santi (“the doctor”) - selected the BBS11 clone in the ‘70s and organized a 100-year vertical tasting (1888-1988) in 1994 with important wine writers that boosted the image of Brunello. One writer gave the 1891 vintage 100 points
La Storica (wine library) - has all vintages since 1888, releases one old Riserva with a current Riserva each year
Path to Iconic Status
The vision of the family - be good winemakers, high-quality
In the global market regularly → elevated the Biondi Santi to a different level
The wine offered to Queen Elizabeth II in 1967 was a favorite of Frank Sinatra’s
EPI acquired Biondi Santi in 2017 and installed Giampiero as CEO; the community was skeptical of French owners for an iconic estate had to convince neighbors by being transparent about what they were doing at the estate
Before the takeover, prior 20 years, the business was not run well
Rebuilt global distribution, did not have US distribution
Re-connected with trade, critics, and consumers/collectors
What they kept the same
Reinforced market position
Style of the wines
What they changed
New vineyard philosophy (regenerative), replanted vineyards to improve quality, conducted soil studies
Increased communications and more selective to the right people and thproperht channels
Managed pricing to reposition the brand to increase demand
Keeping the brand fresh
want s to be closer to the trade and consumer, spend more time in the market
Storytelling of what is happening at the estate, not just the history, but today’s actions that protect the future
La Voce di Biondi Santi - started 3 years ago, selects one word each year that is part of their philosophy (this year is “respect”); creates novel/audiobook based on a keyword (e.g., Joanne Harris, author of Chocolat) and podcasts with winemaker and Giampiero around the keyword
The most effective initiative so far - repositioning the brand by increasing price → gave higher credibility and put the brand up another step, old vintages increasing in price on the secondary market, high demand on Liv-ex (one of few growing while price increasing), one of the top 35 wines in the world on Liv-ex
Growth for Biondi Santi = value growth; volume is complex to grow
Value-driven by increasing distribution globally to rarify the brand further, not just taking price, but increasing value, which is a consequence of many conditions, and not rushing value creation in the market
Biondi Santi is now in 2.0 after 1st five years, and the next step is to increase the quality of its presence in the world and be closer to partners and consumers
Wine Business, The Italian Way w/ Stevie Kim, Vinitaly
Épisode 175
mercredi 28 août 2024 • Durée 41:42
In part 2 with Stevie Kim, Managing Director of Vinitaly, she explains how parent company Veronafiere invested in the various Vinitaly products and allowed her to experiment. Stevie also dives into her prolific content strategy, including the Italian Wine Podcast, which has over 2M downloads to date and where she sees value in marketing.
Detailed Show Notes:
Italian Wine Podcast
Initially created to develop content for VIA candidates
Something different every day - up to 9 episodes published / week
Example shows: Ambassador’s Corner - Italian Wine Ambassadors go deep with their favorite Italian producer; US Market Focus - different perspectives on the US wine market
Now ~2,000 episodes, they had to switch podcast distributors to Megaphone (Spotify) as most only host up to 500 episodes
Audience - early on, was ~80% US & English speaking countries (the podcast is in English), and VIA students
~6M total downloads with a broader audience than Vinitaly attendees
Funding the Vinitaly complex
Significant investment by Veronafiere, which is majority-owned by the city of Verona
Italian Trade Agency subsidizes some events - e.g., pays for transport for judges for 5 Star Wines
Some ticket sales and sponsorship revenue
Podcasts funded by Stevie personally
Veronafiere saw value in investing in Vinitaly products
Wanted to become more international
Allowed Stevie to experiment with new products and invest in them
Stevie’s team has a large staff of content producers (video, social media)
Document everything they do
Create tons of content, of which only ~50% is used
Stevie believes in being prolific - promotes discovery
Marketing products
The Right Place at the Right Time w/ Devon Magee, Offshore Wines
Épisode 166
mardi 16 avril 2024 • Durée 54:03
Having gotten bitten by the wine bug young and with deep wine retail experience, Devon Magee, founder of Offshore Wines, decided to start a small wine importer. Inspired by Kermit Lynch, Offshore focuses on small, artisanal brands making high quality, yet affordable wines. Devon shares how he bootstrapped the company and is finding his way as an importer.
Detailed Show Notes:
Background - mostly wine retail, did harvests in France (Vieux Telegraph, Chandon de Brialles in Burgundy - 2012-2014)
Inspired by Kermit Lynch, he was interested in writing
Offshore Wines Portfolio
Christian Knott of Chandon de Brialles started a new project, Domaine Dandelion, and asked him to import them
2017 - 1st shipment - 4 cases of Domaine Dandelion, 20 cases of Champagne Charles Dufour
15-20 producers now
Goal: find high-quality wines made in an artisanal way from lesser appellations that are “affordable”
“Affordable” = $30-100 in US retail
Starting an import business
He did it on his own, with no lawyers
~2 months to get a license, ~$1-2k in fees
Need a licensed warehouse to receive wines (uses CA Wine Transport)
Self-financed 1st shipment
Cash flow is challenging
2-3 months for wines to land in warehouse (from France)
Restaurants/retailers get 30 days terms
Payment to wineries varies - most ~60-day terms from shipment, while others want payment upon shipment or 50/50 terms (upfront and on delivery)
Lifestyle is fun, traveling and visiting rural areas
Choosing winery partners - a lot is timing, being at the right place, getting to know communities, and very relationship-based; most wineries are referrals from existing relationships
Offshore differentiation - speaks the winemaker’s language (French, Spanish), worked production, and is building deep personal relationships
Productivity and Community with Eric LeVine, CellarTracker
Épisode 76
mercredi 10 novembre 2021 • Durée 43:27
Building the app while on sabbatical from Microsoft in 2003, Eric LeVine, CEO and founder of CellarTracker, had been close to a one-person show until recently. Yet, he’s built one of the most useful productivity tools for wine collectors, an engaged community of geeky wine lovers, and a respectable business that he’s now investing in to grow and take to new heights for the benefit of the CellarTracker community. Eric’s openness and candor provide an in-depth look at how one of the leading wine platforms was founded, built, and where it’s going next.
Detailed Show Notes:
Eric’s background
“Tech geek” to “wine geek”
He was at Microsoft from 1992 - 2005; his last project was the “send error report” feature
1999 - took a biking trip to Tuscany and fell in love with wine and started collecting
Built a tool to keep track of his cellar, then let a few friends use it, which morphed a personal spreadsheet into a relational database
Eric created CellarTracker while on sabbatical from Microsoft in 2003, then in April 2004, launched it publicly and left Microsoft a few months later
CellarTracker overview
Core element - a productivity tool to catalog and manage every aspect of the wine experience (e.g., purchasing, tracking, consuming)
Byproduct - “Yelp for wine” - the aggregated wisdom of the community from tasting notes, drinking windows
User base
10M unique people visit the site
~750k registered users
~300k active users
Wine database
4M wines created
135M bottles in cellars
9.1M tasting notes in the community + 1.3M professional tasting notes
Features and functions
Optical recognition of labels - partners with Vivino
Most used features - tasting notes (~10M visitors/year on the website, most people reading or researching the tasting notes; ~9.1M tasting notes growing ~750k / year / ~2k / day)
Features collectors use - what wines do they have, when do they want to drink them, what are wines worth (the main premium feature)
Fine Wine End-to-End w/ Don St. Pierre and Adam Lapierre MW
Épisode 75
mercredi 3 novembre 2021 • Durée 40:06
As the only fine wine end-to-end solution in the US, Vinfolio has recently launched its wine investment service, leveraging its deep expertise in the fine wine arena. Don St. Pierre, Executive Chairman, and Adam Lapierre MW, President, tell us about Vinfolio's history, how the marketplace, storage solution, and VinCellar work together, as well as get into their recent foray into wine investment. A must-listen for those intrigued with wine investment and for fine wine lovers in general.
Detailed Show Notes:
Don St. Pierre's background
1996 - founded ASC Fine Wines w/ his father, a wine importer in China
2010 - sold ASC to Suntory, stayed with the company until 2014
2015 - got connected with Vinfolio and bought 33% of business with a friend
Adam Lapierre's background
Mainly on the supply side (worked at a winery in the Finger Lakes, at an importer)
Became an MW in 2013 and moved to the buying side, working for Lidl, a major retailer of wine
Joined Vinfolio in 2018, became President in 2020
Vinfolio's history
Started by Steve Backman, a software entrepreneur, and wine collector, in 2004 - he wanted to create a cellar management tool and marketplace to store and sell wine
Built VinCellar - cellar management tool, started at a similar time to Cellar Tracker (Eric Levine), the difference is Steve wanted a more end-to-end solution for collectors vs. a more utility tool for Cellar Tracker
Built VinFolio - marketplace and warehouse storage business
2009 - Vinfolio went bankrupt in Global Financial Crisis, clients came in and took over the business
Vinfolio is an end-to-end solution for wine collectors - buying, storing, and selling wine, focusing on the niche of fine wine coupled with technology
Balancing the Head and Heart of Wine Investing w/ Tom Gearing, Cult Wines
Épisode 74
mercredi 27 octobre 2021 • Durée 59:18
As the wine investment business leader with $275M of assets under management, Cult Wines has been a pioneer in the space for over a decade. Born out of a passion for wine, Tom Gearing, CEO and founder of Cult Wines, tries to balance the head and heart elements of investing in wine with actively managed portfolios by CFAs and experiences with some of the top wineries of the world. Tom shares all the details and great examples of why people should consider investing in wine, the Cult Wine investment process, and where Cult Wines is heading.
Detailed Show Notes:
Tom’s background
founded Cult Wines w/ his brother in university
Father was an investment banker with a passion for wine, especially Burgundy
Traveled a lot to Burgundy as a child
Started an import company - Burgundy Cellar
The early 2000s - started Financial Wines - an online price transparency tool, but ran out of funding after the dot com crash
2007-2008 - during Financial Crisis - people looking for alternative investments - Tom realized wine was a safe haven and should be more investable
Based in the UK
Where the Wine trading is very well established
The UK has tax free status for wine trading for anyone in the world - can keep wine in a tax free warehouse where you don’t pay taxes (sales tax, VAT) upfront
Asian collectors used London to build collections before shipping it
Brexit impact - mostly operational (shipping is a lot slower) vs. tax,
Why invest in wine?
Those with a passion for wine - Build a fine wine collection, can drink it, or sell it in the future
Those not passionate about wine - wine prices are more consistent and tend to go up in value because the supply goes down over time (people drink it), tends to be insensitive to financial market fluctuations (went up in value in 2009) - suitable for diversification
Vs. art/cars/other alternative investments, wine is more attractive:
Accessibility - lower barriers to entry - hundreds or thousands of dollars for wine vs. millions for fine art/cars
Making Wine Investing Accessible w/ Anthony Zhang, Vinovest
Épisode 73
mercredi 20 octobre 2021 • Durée 37:03
A serial entrepreneur, Anthony Zhang, was pondering alternative investments and fell into wine. With superior returns to the S&P 500, less volatility, and low correlation with the stock market, wine investment seemed like a perfect category to democratize with technology. Anthony tells us why people should consider investing in wine, the Vinovest investment process, and how wine investment may impact the wine industry. All with a mission of lowering the cost and barriers for the average consumer to invest in wine.
Detailed Show Notes:
Anthony’s background
He grew up around the world, childhood in Beijing and Hong Kong
Went to USC for college and founded EnvoyNow, a food delivery service for college campuses with investment from Mark Cuban and Peter Thiel
Was considering alternative investments and was attracted to wine over others (e.g., art, cars)
Wine investing challenges
Hard to get access to the wines
Fees for auctions, shipping, and storage
Investment thesis - fine wine has outperformed the S&P 500 over the last 20 years, has half the volatility, and has a low correlation with the stock market (i.e., is a good hedge); wine also has a decreasing supply over time, which enables appreciation over time
Vinovest investment process
Choose how much to invest, how long to invest in (e.g., 5 vs. 20 years), and your risk appetite (e.g., blue-chip wines like 1st growths or Grand Cru Burgundy or “emerging markets” like newer winemakers, ownership changes, etc.…) => this helps determine which wines to invest in
Invest in whole bottles or cases, not fractional bottles or fractions of a portfolio
Acquire, store, and insure wines
Vinovest can help sell wines as well
Fees - all-inclusive 2.85% / year asset management fee
Access/procurement of wines
Shipping and wine storage
Insurance
Average bottle price ~$200-600/bottle
Acquire wines below retail by buying direct from negociants or wineries
Currently managing ~$50M (as of Sept 2021)
Can take physical delivery of wines - but often stored in Europe, so can arrange for batch delivery with others to reduce shipping costs (from hundreds of dollars to <$100 for shipping)
With droughts, floods, hail, wildfires, and more challenging how wine is made, Familia Torres and Jackson Family Wines are leading the way to tackle climate change in the wine industry by founding the International Wineries for Climate Action. Founded in 2019, the group already has 22 members and continues to expand its reach and impact. Listen in as Josep Maria Ribas Portella, Climate Change Director for Familia Torres, and Julien Gervreau, VP Sustainability at Jackson Family Wines, tell us about the impacts of climate change, how to measure GHG in the wine industry, and ways wineries are working to improve their emissions. A mission-critical effort for the entire wine industry, listen in to learn more!
~2010 - Miguel Torres tried to start something similar in Spain, but it didn’t work out
Deciding to partner w/ JFW and make it international led to the successful launch of the IWCA
Breaking Down the 3-Tier System w/ Tom Wark, National Association of Wine Retailers
Épisode 71
mercredi 6 octobre 2021 • Durée 55:45
Instituted in a different time, post Prohibition, the 3-Tier system of alcohol distribution and sales in the US creates inefficiencies in matching inventory with demand. Tom Wark, Executive Director of the National Association of Wine Retailers (“NAWR”), founder of Wark Communications, and writer of Fermentation - the Daily Wine Blog educates us on the history, key issues, and challenges of navigating the 3-Tier system for wine consumers to get the wines they want. The NAWR is on a mission to modernize the regulatory landscape for alcohol and bring choice to consumers. Listen in to Tom’s decades of war stories on wine regulation!
Detailed Show Notes:
Tom’s background
He grew up in Northern California and got interested in wine at an early age
Estimate ~500 retailers actively doing e-commerce and interstate shipping
~400,000 alcohol licenses nationally
Wine Retail Space
Grocery stores, convenience stores, drug stores, big-box retailers - mostly <$15/bottle, ~75% of wine sold
Small independent retailers => focus of NAWR
Getting Inside Bordeaux w/ Jane Anson, janeanson.com
Épisode 70
mercredi 29 septembre 2021 • Durée 57:29
Accidentally filling the big shoes of Michael Broadbent and Steven Spurrier, Jane Anson, wine critic, author of Inside Bordeaux, founder of janeanson.com, and former Bordeaux correspondent for Decanter for nearly 20 years, is one of the world’s foremost experts on the wines, history, and region of Bordeaux. Having lived in Bordeaux since 2003, Jane shares her deep insights into how Bordeaux became as famous as it is, how the systems of La Place de Bordeaux and En Primeur work, and the complex terroir of the region. She gives us insight into the content of janeanson.com and how it will be a unique look into Bordeaux, focus on the drinkability of the wines, and many of the unique features to be released.
Detailed Show Notes:
Jane’s background
Living in Bordeaux since 2003, she thought she’d only be there for 1-2 years
Journalist background
Decanter’s Bordeaux correspondent for nearly 20 years, wrote a weekly column since 2014, the sole Bordeaux wine critic since the 2016 vintage
She took a tasting aptitude class at the enology school in Bordeaux
She chose Bordeaux because it’s still a big city (lived in London before), 2 hours from the Spanish border, 2 hours from Paris
Wineries are exclusive to CA, and only market Offshore works, though they sell to a small distributor in CO
Focus on small producers precludes needing to be in all 50 states
Optimal portfolio size ~25 wineries to be able to respond and represent wineries well
Gets wine out for people to taste them, prefers personal connections over social media
Shares other aspects of what people are doing (e.g., got and gave away bags of coffee from a producer experimenting w/ carbonic coffee bean ferments, giving away sweatshirts from Domaine Hausherr with an artistic word game on the back)
Devon is the only salesperson now, and he would ideally like 1-2 salespeople
Other salespeople have opened doors for him to help him
Building small brands
Many people struggle with name pronunciation
He tries to share wines, stories, and pictures of brands
He doesn’t agree with the need for scores and tasting notes; he uses email to share stories, wants to publish a newsletter eventually
The new style of wine writing can help small brands - e.g., Alice Feiring, Ray Isle’s new book
Never specifically built tools to enhance “influencers” in the system, was anti “gamification” elements to incentivize people to write tasting notes
Data accuracy - has a team of 4 (some PT/ some FT) to curate the wine database and look for duplicates, use both automation and humans to have duplicate detection
Business model
“Voluntary Payment” - one of the early “Freemium” business models
Established this because the value of CellarTracker is in the active community, and the data it creates makes the platform more robust and valuable
Suggested payment based on the size of collection - avg ~$57/year
$40/year for <500 bottles
$80/year for 500-999 bottles
$160/year for 1,000+ bottles
The lowest payment is $20, and some pay thousands
The majority of revenue comes from this
Some ads, but not in the app
Affiliate links with Wine-Searcher - the #2 referral source after Google
Key differentiators of CellarTracker
Cellar management - hardcore focus on scalable needs of collectors
Good engagement - attracted a set of people who keep coming back
Community - an “authoritative” audience - more geeky people that are in the community
Focus on privacy, needs of the community, up-time, neutrality (not affiliated with retailers or other businesses)
The next horizon for CellarTracker
Building a team - was only 3 people at the start of 2021, the goal is to be 11 by year-end (data scientists, engineers, UI designer)
Upgrade & deepen the existing experience, especially mobile app - they have seen a significant shift to mobile over the last 10 years,
More recommendations and automation of different scenarios
Connection to industry/wineries/other parts of the wine ecosystem (no natural interfaces today)
Better understand and engage with the 10M people who visit the CellarTracker website - many of whom use it as a research platform
Brought on a group of angel investors to reinvest cash flow into the business
Most people hear about Vinfolio through retail/e-commerce today, but that may shift as VinCellar is re-built and re-launched
Vinfolio Marketplace
A fixed price auction model
Uses proprietary tools that determine recommended market price for collectors to sell at
Storage clients use VinCellar to put wines for sale, or others can use the full-service option w/ the cellar acquisition team (every bottle on the marketplace has been inspected with it being rare for wines to be sent back)
Wine sourcing
Collector Marketplace (⅓ of wine sales) - from individual collectors
Producer Marketplace (⅔ of wine sales) - from a global network of merchants (e.g., negociants), direct from producers, and US importers/distributors (~15-20% of sourcing)
Try to clearly differentiate between the sourcing types
Advantages of the Vinfolio marketplace
For Buyers - the breadth of wine at their fingertips, more clarity around the asking price vs. other auctions
For Sellers - realized prices often higher than live auctions (except for very rare wines)
Wine Storage
A vital part of the business is to create ready supply for the marketplace
It makes VinCellar an essential part of the business
Convenience for clients to get delivery
A premium service
Pricing ~$5/case/month
Inventory is cataloged and received at the bottle level
Clients can take delivery or sell wines at the bottle level
Wine Investment Service
It started because Vinfolio got unsolicited inquiries around wine as an asset class for investment
Retail marketplace helps Vinfolio understand where market demand is
Investment customers are mainly new customers vs. traditional clients that are more passionate wine collectors
Vinfolio investment process
Min investment size = $25,000 - in order to have a diversified portfolio
Purchase in original wood cases (OWC) mostly
Understand client's interests
Focus mainly on blue-chip / investment grade wines, the foundation of every portfolio is Bordeaux
"Stock picking" - look at buying opportunities and allocate portfolio across current and mature vintages
Put wines in storage - mainly in the UK under bond (as it's easier to sell)
Key benefits of Vinfolio wine investment
Buying side - acquire below market (charge landed cost (which includes shipping from the UK) + 6% commission, which is usually 10-20% below US retailer pricing)
Selling side - uses fixed auction model, 12% commission for the sale (lower than standard commission rates)
Storage fees consistent with w/ Vinfolio storage fees
Investors get access to special wines, similar to private clients
Vinfolio has an informal list of producers with high demand, leveraging experience of the day to day business
Uses Vin-dex - Vinfolio proprietary pricing algorithm - provides a daily market price for wines
Has 10 years of historical auction data
Wine-Searcher pricing - takes in ~5,000 web calls/day
Price transparency - more trading publicly and more visibility (though, still not as good as it could be)
Wine investment serves as a storage/aging function for the fine wine market with pristine provenance and authenticity
Cult Wines Overview
Not a retailer - acquires wines on behalf of clients
Three warehouses - London, Paris, Bordeaux
EU changed storage laws in 2016 to hold wines without paying VAT (similar to the UK)
Have own warehouse and staff to ensure provenance and authenticity of wines (e.g., caught heat damage on a shipment of Scarecrow wine and made a claim with freight forwarder immediately)
Has own photography studio and processes 250 cases/day, and photos are immediately uploaded for inspection
Investment process
Has a managed portfolio service (min $10k investment)
Gather client objectives - risk profile, investment duration (3-5 years, 5-10 years, 10+ years), how wine fits into their entire portfolio
Build a personalized, customized portfolio
Store wine in physical warehouses (clients own bottles or cases, the physical asset b/c it’s hard to have liquidity for funds where people have fractional ownership of a fund)
Get access to investment platform
Top-down investment process - actively managed portfolios
Cult Wines has a Chief Investment Officer (CIO), and all portfolio managers are Chartered Financial Analysts (CFA)
Constantly reviewing the market and making asset allocation decisions
E.g., Trump Tariffs on European wine - team thought Bordeaux would go down in price, proposed reducing allocations from 40% -> 30% and re-allocate to Italy, which looked undervalued already and had no tariffs; in 6 months, AUM of Bordeaux went from 40%->36% and Italy 6%->13% and Bordeaux prices went down 2-3% and Italy up 12%
Benefits - portfolio allocation, customization of the portfolio, investment platform access, customer support, storage & insurance, trading on the platform (no feeds on trading to align Cult Wines interests with clients)
Higher tiers get more experiential benefits - access to producers, client-only events, educational activities, vineyard visits
Wine Buying
35% direct from winery/new vintages
65% secondary market - from existing investors, trusted suppliers/brokers, and trading platforms (e.g., Liv-Ex)
Wine Selling / Delivery
~20% of wines have been delivered to people, can ship to 45 states, clients pay delivery fees
Some clients use Cult wines as a global cellar - e.g., a Japanese collector sent wines to the US when he was going to be there to visit
Wine sales channels
Cult Wines buys for other clients - for wines they believe will appreciate more
Trade team - sells to other wine merchants, brokers, traders, importers
Retail/Direct to Consumer - listed on Wine-Searcher and Cult Wines website for sale
Team - ~100 people total
Infrastructure based in UK (including ~24 tech and product folks)
Regional offices - relationship managers, portfolio manager (all CFA level; Hong Kong, Singapore, 2 in London, New York)
8 in North America (3 in Canada, 5 in New York)
Company’s Growth
1st 5 years - establishing proof of concept
2nd 5 years:
2014 - acquired competitor, Premier Cru Fine Wine Investments, doubled AUM and business
2016 - opened Hong Kong office
2018 - opened Singapore office
2014-2019 - $7 -> $50Mm in AUM
Next 5-year phase (18 months in) - “reborn, evolution”
Fine wine investment is limited by market inefficiencies: accessibility, liquidity, price transparency
Focused on projects that will improve inefficiencies and that will naturally make the wine investment space grow
Types of wine for investment
Opportunistic trading - capturing inefficiencies in pricing - there may be opportunities to buy in one region and sell in another at a profit
Benchmark wines - based on scores (with critics weighted differently by the impact), vintages, the value of an established baseline of wines (e.g., Bordeaux, Burgundy)
Finding new opportunities - wines with high quality that have a good chance of increasing in value, e.g., Pierre Gonon St Joseph - was 30-40 euros 3-4 years ago, now $150/bottle
Auction houses - don’t work with them much
Hard to get certainty of provenance
A lot more mature/older wines which have already gone up a lot in value
Selling wine - only invest in whole bottles and cases, so there are more places to sell to, including retailers and restaurants. Most deals are done offline
Good liquidity for 5-15-year-old wines
Need at least a 5 year time horizon to realize returns
Investable wines
Need scarcity (not available widely), track record of improving with age, and brand equity (a sought after, globally recognized brand)
Regional mix - ~25-35% Bordeaux, #2 = Burgundy, #3 = Italy (Super Tuscans, Barolo), small amounts of select producers in California, Chile, Germany; vintage Champagne having a resurgence (e.g. - 1996, 2002 vintages)
Algorithm for determining wines backtested back to the 1980s
Fake/counterfeit wines
Provenance/fraud are the most significant risk for newcomers => Vinovest’s insurance company inspects and authenticates the wines
Vinovest only buys in-bond so can track the previous owners
Vinovest differentiation - more technology-driven, collect more data and aggregate it to create automated investment strategies
To address wine funds that fail - each investor owns their wines with an audit trail that shows the wine is theirs
Wine investment impact on the wine industry
Wine prices may increase as more players enter the investment market
Climate change is increasing prices through lower yields
It won’t impact commercial wines (e.g., $10-20 bottles), but fine wines
Auction houses - the modern investor isn’t okay with paying 20-25% premiums
Regulation
US - wine is classified as a collectible, like art or rare coins, and is subject to capital gains tax when sold (self-reported)
Int’l - some countries, like the UK, France, and parts of Asia, wine is classified as a “wasting asset” with an expiration date (often 50 years) and is capital gains tax-free
Next for Vinovest - want to continue to educate consumers on the benefits of wine investing, intends to create a low entry point to make wine investing more accessible
IWCA tries to standardize emissions measurement and communications
The wine industry is not a significant contributor to climate change, but agriculture is an emerging area of opportunity, and wine can represent agriculture more broadly
For IWCA members (as of Oct 2021) - the average bottle of wine has a 1.61 CO2e/L of GHG emissions
Range - 0.75 - ~10 => larger wineries tend to be lower, smaller wineries tend to be higher
GHG reduction measures
Shipping is ~15% of carbon footprint for Torres => using railroad when possible, ship in bulk (for every 1 bulk shipper sent, it replaces 4 containers, saving 3 shipments)
Electricity - many wineries installing onsite renewable energy, primarily solar
Harvest is 2.5 months/year but uses ~50% of electric consumption
Packaging - ~25% of total GHG footprint
Glass is ~20% of the total GHG footprint
JFW - reduced the weight of bottles for KJ and La Crema - saved ~3-4% of total GHG emissions and saved money
Reduce weight bottles have more recycled content in the glass, reduce emissions of glass making process (e.g., Furnace of the Future), bloggers starting to weigh bottles before tasting
Torres - bottles down to 400g, can’t go much lower, or bottles will break on the bottling line or with consumers
Potential future of re-utilizing bottles
Regenerative farming - could potentially lead to carbon sequestration in the soil, science still in progress
IWCA Mission & Purpose
Decarbonize the wine industry as fast as possible
3 membership classes - Gold, Silver, Applicant (committed to joining)
Requirements
Commit to Net Zero by 2050 with intermediate reductions by 2030 (all)
Submit baseline GHG emissions inventory, verified by 3rd party audit (all)
Min 20% onsite renewable energy (Gold)
Constant reductions year over year (Gold)
Do not recognize purchase of external offsets in reductions
Target membership
Goal - 20 wineries by Nov 2021
Oct 2021 - 22 wineries
Miguel Torres long-term target - 100 wineries
Fees - a sliding scale by volume
Flat fee - €4,000 / year
Variable fee - €0.01 / case produced / year, cap of 600,000 cases
Max fee = €10,000 / year
Measurement & verification paid by wineries themselves
Released a GHG calculator to enable wineries to catalog emissions data on their own
Smaller wineries join (there are members as small as a few thousand cases) to participate in something bigger and to amplify their voice
Upcoming for the IWCA
Oct 21st - 1st Member Report launch - includes all GHG inventories from all members, which will be made public
Amazon could get into the wine space w/ Whole Foods alcohol licenses and ship to anyone locally -> The only way for independent retailers to compete is to do interstate shipping
16 states currently allow interstate shipping
Wine.com has retail licenses in many states to ship to most states
Secondary issue - procurement of inventory
Retailers must buy from in-state wholesalers who have a limited selection
Retailers desire to purchase directly from importers or wineries no matter where they are to broaden their selection
NAWR mission - to modernize the regulatory landscape for alcohol
Most regulations were written in the 1930s-1950s
Alcohol is more regulated than tobacco
E.g., if a brewery wants to sell direct to consumer, it needs to sell to a wholesaler and then repurchase it to sell to the consumer
Franchise laws - binds producer to a wholesaler for life, even if the wholesaler is no longer supporting the brand
Advocate litigation for change - e.g., states that allow their own retailers to ship to other states but don’t allow out-of-state retailers to ship in, believes that violates the dormant commerce clause of the Constitution
Lobbying, education of retailers, cultivation of allies (very few - consumers and media; most against - distributors, non-online retailers (believe it will create more competition), wineries (indifferent), importers (were not active supporters))
The 3-Tier system in the US
1930’s - post-prohibition (1933) - each state had to regulate alcohol, and each did it a bit differently
Two main concerns - prevent tied house laws and organized crime
Tied house - producers controlled retailers => got bars to do sketchy things and promote high alcohol consumption
3-tiers - producer, wholesaler, retailer
Retailers must buy from wholesalers
Stopping tied house - wineries can’t own retailers
Historically - lots of wholesalers competing to represent producers
Today - 10,000+ wineries, fewer wholesalers -> wholesalers act as gatekeepers, not required to bring producers in and shut out small producers who aren’t worth the time and effort to represent them
CA producers and importers can sell direct to retailers/restaurants
Wholesalers are very powerful - contribute meaningfully ($10M+/year) to state political campaigns, 10x more than wineries and retailers combined
Each state has different 3-tier regulation, creates an enormous compliance burden
IL - wineries can sell directly to retailers only if they produce <25k cases/year and must sell <5k cases/year w/in the state
CA/WA - all direct sales from producers to retailers/restaurants
E-commerce
~10-12% of wine retail today, includes Drizly, Instacart, & grocery delivery
Shipping far smaller than delivery
To be successful, retailers need to engage consumers digitally - cultivate an email list, create an experience for customers
Challenges
Getting wine to consumers (illegal to ship to many states)
Hard to make time to do outreach to legislators, regulators while running a small business
Restaurants become retailers during the Covid pandemic
The 1980s & 1990s - number of wineries exploded, they needed to sell directly to consumers since distributors wouldn’t represent them, became legal a precedent with the 2005 Supreme Court Granholm case - which specified if states allowed in-state wineries to ship to consumers, it must allow out-of-state wineries to ship into the state
Taxes
If states allow retailers to ship in, retailers are required to remit local sales taxes and have a permit
Software systems set up for wineries also can cover retailers (e.g., ShipCompliant, Avalara), makes compliance easier
Pure online players - wine.com, Naked Wines => valuable for showing consumers what can be accessed online and the experience of online retail
What needs to change? The Supreme court needs to tell states not to discriminate (2019 case - Tennessee vs. Thomas - can’t discriminate against retailers)
Vertical of tiny producer LaFleur Saint-Jean - lies in between Lafleur, Lafleur Petrus, and Petrus in Pomerol only sells direct, sells out immediately, had never done a vertical before
1% for the Planet - 1% of revenue goes towards environmental charities
Bordeaux’s rise and fall
Key advantages
A port city, far enough inland to be a safe port
12th century - duchy of the English crown, wines were sold in the London market
The system of chateaux, merchants, negociants was built for export
Terroir is very complex (which may be why it’s not talked about much), e.g., of the 61 wines in the 1855 Medoc classification, all of them are on two specific gravel terraces (#3 & 4) of the six terraces of the Medoc
Mostly clay underneath with gravel on top
Lots of micro terroirs
St Emilion - has pure limestone, clay, and gravel
Issues that have hurt Bordeaux
Every vintage is not great, though Bordelais often say that
Frustrate people based on the prices they ask (e.g., 2009/2010 vintages - many people who bought lost money)
La Place de Bordeaux
Business to business, sell to merchants that sell to consumers
Virtual marketplace - enables access to 10,000 clients globally
Includes chateaux, brokers, and negociants
Sells wine into every level of the food chain - has specialists for on-trade, off-trade, hotels, corner shops, supermarkets, etc.…
It doesn’t build your brand but makes sure it gets everywhere
Good at giving the illusion of scarcity
Can use La Place for specific markets - La Place has expertise in the Asian markets (e.g., China, Vietnam, Japan)
Very rare to have exclusivity for negociants
Downsides of La Place
Creates a very competitive environment - low-end wines compete with each other
Protects Bordeaux well; merchants need to buy in bad years to get allocations in good years
No direct contact with consumers for wineries
Less effective for small guys that aren’t established brands
Non-Bordeaux wines selling on La Place
Gone from nothing to 60 wines five years ago to 90 wines in 2021
Provides access to global markets - shows wines next to the great wines of Bordeaux
Opus One - the 2nd non-Bordeaux wine on La Place (after Almaviva), sold wines since 2004, opened an office in Bordeaux
Forced negociants to share client lists (created more transparency)
1st Champagne just joined - Clos des Goisses (Philipponnat) - only 600 bottles of 1996 late release
No Burgundy producers (not enough volume, no need for it, and the rivalry between Burgundy and Bordeaux)
Barriers to joining La Place - need enough volume to get everywhere, need to do your own brand-building work, and meeting customers
An increase in overseas wines has hurt smaller Bordeaux estates -> negociants have limited budgets and drop them
Marketing Bordeaux - unlikely to be another 1855 like classification, St Emilion’s classification every ten years is constantly litigated, some marketing organizations:
Pomerol Seduction - 8-10 Pomerol estates that band together
Bordeaux Oxygen - young producers, targeting younger audiences, no longer active
En Primeur
Due to export focus, Bordeaux always had samples shipped off overseas
From the early 1980s, Parker injected excitement into En Primeur system
People used to make money, and now they are often better off waiting until wines are in bottle with certain exceptions (e.g., tiny production Pomerols)
No longer has the same sense of urgency
Tranche system - release a small amount of wine at one price, then release more later at higher prices
E.g., 2010 1st growths came out at €600/bottle (these people made money), final tranche at €1,200/bottle (these people lost money) -> destroyed interest in en primeur in the Chinese market
non-Bordeaux wines price more consistently than Bordeaux wines
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