Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano – Détails, épisodes et analyse

Have you ever achieved something remarkable because someone planted an idea in your mind? In this episode of Talking Postgres, host Claire Giordano talks with Andrew Atkinson—a Rails developer and Postgres user whose journey to becoming a published author began with a simple seed of inspiration. Andrew’s story started with an internal presentation on how to tackle tricky scalability challenges in Rails, grew into a Postgres conference talk at PGConf NYC—and ultimately evolved into his book, High Performance PostgreSQL for Rails. Also in this episode: what does cheese have to do with Postgres? Is writing a good way to think? What’s the connection between Postgres and swimming to Antarctica? And which chapter of his book does Andrew love the most?

Links mentioned in this episode:

• Book: High Performance PostgreSQL for Rails by Andrew Atkinson 
• E-book Discount: Use discount code TalkingPostgres to get 35% off discount of Andrew’s book
• Blog post: Readers get their copies of High Performance PostgreSQL for Rails by Andrew Atkinson
• Book: Swimming to Antarctica: Tales of a Long Distance Swimmer by Lynne Cox
• Talk Abstract: PGConf NYC 2021 talk by Andrew Atkinson 
• Slides: PGConf NYC 2021 talk on How We Made PG Fitter, Happier, More Productive by Andrew Atkinson
• Video: POSETTE 2024 talk about SaaS on Rails on PostgreSQL by Andrew Atkinson  
• Ruby User Groups: List of upcoming Ruby user groups
• Blog post: Writing is Thinking, an annotated twitter thread by Steve Sinofsky 
• Talking Postgres podcast Ep19: Becoming a Postgres committer with Melanie Plageman 
• Talking Postgres podcast Ep20: How I got started as a developer (& in Postgres) with David Rowley
• CFP: Prague PostgreSQL Developer Day 2025 (P2D2) CFP open until Nov 23, 2024
• CFP: FOSDEM PGDay 2025 CFP open until Nov 29, 2024
• CFP: Nordic PGDay 2025 CFP open until Dec 31, 2024
• CFP: pgDay Paris 2025 CFP open until Dec 31, 2024 
• CFP: PGConf.dev 2025 CFP open until Jan 01, 2025
• CFP: POSETTE: An Event for Postgres 2025 CFP open until Feb 09, 2025
• Calendar invite: LIVE recording of Ep22 of Talking Postgres podcast

It was not Tom Lane’s plan to become a computer person. Tom’s plan was to be a pinball machine designer. And yet for the last 26 years Tom has been one of the most prolific engineering contributors to Postgres. In this episode of Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano, PostgreSQL luminary Tom Lane walks us through how he got his start as a developer and in Postgres—including his time working on desktop calculators at HP. And how he has code running on Mars (and most of us don’t.) During Tom’s PhD studies at Carnegie Mellon, nobody told him databases were so interesting! It wasn’t until Tom needed a database to store stock trading information that he first got to work with Postgres. And that’s when Tom’s 26-year-long (and counting) Postgres story began.

Links mentioned in this episode:

• Wikipedia: Tom Lane (computer scientist)
• Wikipedia: HP 9800 series
• CMU CS Department Coke Machine history
• Wikipedia: Honeywell 316
• Wikipedia: Teletype Model 33
• Wikipedia: Hydra (operating system)
• Wikipedia: William Wulf
• Wikipedia: Jon Bentley (computer scientist)
• Wikipedia: Mary Shaw (computer scientist)
• Wikipedia: Usenet
• GitHub: postgres commit by tglsfdc
• Article: The Mars 2020 Engineering Cameras and Microphone on the Perseverance Rover: A Next-Generation Imaging System for Mars Exploration by J.N. Maki et al.
• Blog: Open Source on Mars: Community powers NASA’s Ingenuity Helicopter by Klint Finley
• PostgreSQL Mailing List message: pg_upgrade --check fails to warn about abstime
• PostgreSQL: Core Team
• postgresql.git: commitdiff
• Blog: Proton to Fastmail by Tristan Partin
• Talking Postgres Ep18: How I got started as a dev (& in Postgres) with David Rowley
• PGConf EU 2024: Conference Schedule
• PGConf NYC 2024: Conference Schedule
• Talking Postgres Ep19: Becoming a Postgres committer with Melanie Plageman
• PostgreSQL: Commitfests
• Wikipedia: Cutting room floor
• PostgreSQL Mailing List message: Straight-from-the-horses-mouth dept
• PostgreSQL Mailing List message: [PATCH] Extend ALTER OPERATOR to support adding commutator, negator, hashes, and merges

No one likes benchmarking. But it can be one of the highest impact things you do. Jelte Fennema-Nio and Marco Slot joined Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia on this episode of Path To Citus Con* podcast for developers who love Postgres—to discuss their journeys into performance benchmarking. And how it can change the course of your career. Do you need to find bottlenecks in your Postgres? Do you want to build skills with database benchmarks? There are many lovely benchmarking tools in the Postgres world: HammerDB, pgbench, YCSB, BenchBase, perf, & more. And in addition to running benchmarks themselves—asking the right questions, introspection, and profiling matter just as much.

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode:

• Podcast: Path To Citus Con Ep01: Working in public on open source with Simon Willison & Marco Slot: https://talkingpostgres.com/episodes/working-in-public-on-open-source
• Streetlight effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetlight_effect
• BenchBase: https://db.cs.cmu.edu/projects/benchbase/
• HammerDB: https://www.hammerdb.com/
• Slides: Intro to benchmarking with pgbench at PGConf NYC 2023 by Melanie Plageman: https://speakerdeck.com/melanieplageman/intro-to-benchmarking-with-pgbench
• Locust: https://locust.io/
• Blog post: How to benchmark performance of Citus and Postgres with HammerDB on Azure by Jelte Fennema-Nio: https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2022/03/12/how-to-benchmark-performance-of-citus-and-postgres-with-hammerdb/
• Profiling with perf: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Profiling_with_perf
• Flame Graphs: https://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html
• Brendan Gregg’s Website, a super-valuable resource for performance engineering: https://www.brendangregg.com/overview.html
• Video: Analyzing Postgres performance problems using perf and eBPF by Andres Freund: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HghP4D72Noc
• Video: Explanatory talk about compiler optimization and memory & caches by Matt Godbolt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_smHyqgDTU&t=52s
• Compiler Explorer is fantastic, especially if you want to know how different compilers will optimize your code: https://godbolt.org/
• Mark Callaghan Twitter account @MarkCallaghanDB: https://twitter.com/MarkCallaghanDB
• PGConf.dev CFP is open until Mon Jan 15 2024 at 11:59pm PST: https://2024.pgconf.dev/cfp/
• 3rd party performance benchmark in 2023 by GigaOM on Transaction Processing & Price-Performance Testing of Distributed SQL Databases:  https://gigaom.com/report/transaction-processing-price-performance-testing/
• Blog post: "Query from any node" feature for Citus, by Marco Slot: https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2022/06/17/citus-11-goes-fully-open-source/

Do you monitor your Postgres error logs for gold? Lukas Fittl and Rob Treat join Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia on the Path To Citus Con* podcast for developers who love Postgres—to discuss their respective journeys into Postgres monitoring. Have you ever asked yourself: “Why is my query so slow?” Or had to figure out which query is slowing things down? Or why your database server is at 90% CPU? There are so many ways to monitor Postgres: pganalyze, pgMustard, pgBadger, pgDash, your cloud provider’s Query Performance Insights, pg_stat_statements, pg_stat_io, & more. If you’re running Postgres on a managed service, what kinds of things do you need to monitor & optimize for (vs. what will your cloud service provider do)? There’s also a segue on monitoring vs. observability: what’s the difference? 

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode:

• OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io/
• pganalyze: https://pganalyze.com/
• pgDash: https://pgdash.io/
• pgMustard: https://www.pgmustard.com/
• pg_stat_statements docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html
• pg_hint_plan: https://github.com/ossc-db/pg_hint_plan 
• pg_hint_plan hint list: https://github.com/ossc-db/pg_hint_plan/blob/master/docs/hint_list.md
• Example for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan: https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/QueryMethods.html#method-i-optimizer_hints
• 5mins of Postgres by pganalyze: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhqxwIAgz78HZhWyu3UyKrCWNk7VWjVpj
• Monitoring page on PostgreSQL wiki: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Monitoring
• PgHero GitHub repo: https://github.com/ankane/pghero
• Insights on pgBadger: A PGSQL Phriday #010 Recap: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-database-for-postgresql/community-insights-on-pgbadger-a-pgsql-phriday-010-recap/ba-p/3880911
• Get PostgreSQL Logs Into Honeycomb: https://docs.honeycomb.io/getting-data-in/logs/postgresql/
• Blog post by Lukas Fittl about pg_stat_io by Lukas: https://pganalyze.com/blog/pg-stat-io
• Blog post by Andrew Atkinson about pg_stat_io: https://andyatkinson.com/blog/2023/11/01/PostgreSQL-IO-Visibility-wehack-pg_stat_io
• BPFtrace by iovisor GitHub repo: https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace
• Trace PostgreSQL locks with pg_lock_tracer: https://jnidzwetzki.github.io/2023/01/11/trace-postgresql-locks-with-pg-lock-tracer.html
• sysdig by draios GitHub repo: https://github.com/draios/sysdig
• Using BPFtrace to trace PostgreSQL vacuum operations: https://www.timescale.com/blog/using-bpftrace-to-trace-postgresql-vacuum-operations/
• PostgreSQL Mailing Lists: https://www.postgresql.org/list/
• psql — PostgreSQL interactive terminal: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html
• Ongoing discussion thread about pg_stat_statements: https://commitfest.postgresql.org/46/2837/
• Reconnoiter project referenced by Rob: https://github.com/circonus-labs/reconnoiter/tree/master/sql
• Funny tweet about PostgreSQL pronunciation: https://twitter.com/as_w/status/1648373353214885892
• O11ycast EP63 with Lukas Fittl: https://www.heavybit.com/library/podcasts/o11ycast/ep-63-observability-in-the-database-with-lukas-fittl-of-pganalyze
• Oxide and Friends podcast: https://oxide-and-friends.transistor.fm/

Is being lazy a good reason to learn SQL? Dimitri Fontaine and Vik Fearing join Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia on the Path To Citus Con* podcast for developers who love Postgres—to discuss whether every data problem can be (or should be) solved in SQL. Have you tried to solve all the Advent of Code puzzles with SQL? Or written a book for application developers about The Art of PostgreSQL? Or tried to solve a murder mystery by running SQL queries? Regardless of whether you pronounce SQL as “sequel” or as “ess-cue-ell”, getting skilled at SQL is like going to the gym for exercise. It’s ideal to do it every day to build up your strength. Also, this episode includes an explanation of what a “declarative” language like SQL is—plus a fun segue into time zones.

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode, in the order they were covered:

• Dimitri Fontaine’s blog: https://tapoueh.org/ 
• Advent of Code: https://adventofcode.com/
• Dimitri’s book, The Art of PostgreSQL: https://theartofpostgresql.com/ 
• Blog post about What’s new in SQL:2023: https://peter.eisentraut.org/blog/2023/04/04/sql-2023-is-finished-here-is-whats-new
• PostgreSQL Exercises at pgexercises.com: https://pgexercises.com/
• SQL Murder Mystery for learning SQL: https://mystery.knightlab.com/
• Pgvector extension for Postgres and AI embeddings: https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector
• Vik’s Advent of Code puzzle solutions in SQL on GitHub: https://github.com/xocolatl/advent-of-code
• Stack Overflow data in Postgres, from pgtreats GitHub repo: https://github.com/pgtreats/stackoverflow_in_pg
• OpenStreetMap runs on Postgres: https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=4/38.01/-95.84
• Uber data set: https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/uber-tlc-foil-response
• Ideas for fun, open data sets: https://data.world/data-society?entryTypeLabel=dataset&tab=resources
• “Don’t Do This” Timestamp learnings on PostgreSQL wiki: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Don't_Do_This#Don.27t_use_timestamp_.28without_time_zone.29

Lots of stories of how folks got started as developers! Andres Freund and Heikki Linnakangas join Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia to explore more paths for getting into Postgres on Path To Citus Con*, the podcast for developers who love Postgres. How do you do development: with a cup of coffee, with music in the background, maybe at 3am? How do you approach mentoring other developers? Why did you stick with Postgres and make it a career? Lots of lively discussion about building not only code, but relationships in the community, in the open. Also, stories about Heikki’s and Andres’s first Postgres patch submissions, and working via the hackers mailing list. Finally, what advice would you give to your younger self starting in the development world?

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode, in the order they were covered: 

• Neon: https://neon.tech/ 
• Rob Conery and Scott Hanselman's book: The Imposter's Handbook (https://twitter.com/shanselman/status/1610805353255677953) 
• Path To Citus Con Ep04: https://talkingpostgres.com/episodes/how-i-got-started-as-a-developer-in-postgres 
• Andres’ first patch to Postgres: https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=c43feefa806c81d68115ed03a7f723720cefad31  
• PGConf NYC 2023: https://2023.pgconf.nyc/ 
• Flow book: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Flow/QVjPsd1UukEC  
• Archives of Postgres hackers mailing list: https://www.postgresql.org/list/pgsql-hackers/ 
• List of Postgres Contributors: https://www.postgresql.org/community/contributors/ 
• Description of Postgres Core Team: https://www.postgresql.org/developer/core/ 
• Postgres Weekly newsletter: https://postgresweekly.com/  

The geospatial world of Postgres is so much more than mapping. Paul Ramsey and Regina Obe join Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia to explore the "where" on Path To Citus Con*, the podcast for developers who love Postgres. What are some of the unexpected use cases for PostGIS, one of the most popular extensions to Postgres? How have Large Language Models helped in the geospatial world? Can you really model almost anything with pgRouting? “Where” is the universal foreign key. They talk about communities and governments using geospatial data and how it's very difficult to build a database that does not have some sort of spatial component to it. Why do people care about PostGIS? Find out more about OpenStreetMap and its place in the open source geospatial world. Finally, Paul and Regina share the origin story for the PostGIS extension to Postgres.

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode, in the order they were covered:

• PostGIS: https://postgis.net/  
• FOSS4G NA: https://foss4gna.org/ 
• Ushahidi: https://www.ushahidi.com/  
• Humanitarian Open Street Map: https://www.hotosm.org/  
• OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/ 
• pgRouting: https://pgrouting.org/ 
• Regina Obe’s books: https://locatepress.com/book/pgr  
• Regina’s book “PostGIS In Action”: https://www.manning.com/books/postgis-in-action-third-edition?experiment=B 
• MobilityDB: https://github.com/MobilityDB/MobilityDB 
• Blog: Analyzing GPS trajectories at scale with Postgres, PostGIS, MobilityDB, & Citus: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-database-for-postgresql/analyzing-gps-trajectories-at-scale-with-postgres-mobilitydb-amp/ba-p/1859278  
• OSGeo: https://www.osgeo.org/  
• Simon Willison’s presentation on "The weird world of LLMs": https://simonwillison.net/2023/Aug/3/weird-world-of-llms/ 
• QGIS: https://qgis.org/en/site/ 
• QGIS “Gentle Introduction” documentation: https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/gentle_gis_introduction/ 
• PostGIS Workshops: https://postgis.net/documentation/training/#workshop 
• Locate Press: https://locatepress.com/ 
• FedGeoDay 2023: https://www.fedgeo.us/about-2023 
• Schedule of FOSS4G NA 2023: https://foss4gna.org/schedule.html#schedule 
• FOSS4G Brazil, December 2024: https://www.osgeo.org/foundation-news/foss4g-2024-has-been-awarded-to-belem-brazil/  
• Paul's keynote talk at PGConfEU in Lisbon in 2018, titled "Put some "where" in your WHERE clause": https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1xyXA4-0wmNX7WfiLeH9h10bIkZxrej278-mMaClagys/edit?usp=sharing 

Drop the fear, not the tables. Chelsea Dole and Floor Drees join Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia to explore the app developer perspective on Path To Citus Con*, the podcast for developers who love Postgres. If you’re an app developer, you’re probably already using Postgres. Now what? What do you need to know? Are databases your best friend or your worst enemy? They talk about the steps to becoming more Postgres-savvy. Should you go depth-first or breadth-first in order to learn more about the underlying database? What are Postgres extensions and how do you go about adopting them? Find out more about the strength of what Floor calls “boring technology.” Finally, both guests tell stories of their non-traditional entries into Postgres that led to their deep work with databases today.

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Links mentioned in this episode: 

• Fintech startup where Chelsea works, Brex: https://www.brex.com/  
• Open source data platform where Floor works, Aiven: https://aiven.io/  
• “Mission-Critical PostgreSQL Databases on Kubernetes" by Karen Jex at KubeCon Europe 2023: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NBQ9JmOMko 
• The Imposters Handbook by Rob Conery: https://bigmachine.io/products/the-imposters-handbook/ 
• Designing Data-Intensive Applications by Martin Kleppmann: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-data-intensive-applications/9781491903063/  
• Devopsdays Amsterdam: https://devopsdays.org/events/2023-amsterdam/welcome/  
• Building Community in Open Source with Floor Drees on the Last Week in AWS podcast: https://www.lastweekinaws.com/podcast/screaming-in-the-cloud/building-community-in-open-source-with-floor-drees/ 
• pg_stat_statements: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html 
• PostGIS: https://postgis.net/  
• “Postgres tips for optimizing Django & Python performance, from my PyCon workshop” by Louise Grandjonc: https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2020/05/20/postgres-tips-for-django-and-python/  
• Video of Louise’s PyCon talk, Optimize Django & Python performance with Postgres superpowers: https://youtu.be/dyBLGjCQJHs
• Grafana: https://grafana.com/
• pganalyze: https://pganalyze.com/ 
• auto_explain: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auto-explain.html 
• EXPLAIN ANALYZE in PostgreSQL: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-explain.html  
• psql: https://www.postgresguide.com/utilities/psql/ 
• Path To Citus Con Episode 05: My favorite ways to learn more about PostgreSQL with Grant Fritchey and Ryan Booz: https://talkingpostgres.com/episodes/my-favorite-ways-to-learn-more-about-postgresql-with-grant-fritchey-and-ryan-booz 
• Coffee Meets Bagel (dating app): https://coffeemeetsbagel.com/ 

Everyone learns differently. Grant Fritchey and Ryan Booz, database advocates at Redgate focusing on PostgreSQL, talk with Path To Citus Con* co-hosts Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia to explore the learning resources available to developers and users in all the corners of the PostgreSQL world. What drives you to learn: need or curiosity? What can podcasts teach us while we bike to work? Are conference talks good for growing skills, or are they better for networking? What about books? And do older books still have much to offer? It turns out, most people need much more than one approach to build their knowledge. 

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Some of the (many) links shared in the order they were mentioned: 

• Talk: Ryan’s talk Point-in-time query tuning and observability with pg_stat_statements at Citus Con: An Event for Postgres 2022
• Blog: Learning PostgreSQL with Grant, a series for SQL Server devs learning about Postgres  
• Podcast: postgres.fm, a weekly podcast about all things Postgres 
• Podcast: Path To Citus Con Episode 01: Working in public on open source
• Blog aggregator: Planet PostgreSQL 
• Email Newsletters: Cooperpress, including the Postgres Weekly email 
• Podcast: Scaling PostgreSQL with Creston Jamison 
• User Groups: PostgreSQL Community User Groups 
• Videos: pganalyze "5 minutes of Postgres," by Lukas Fittl 
• Book: The Art of PostgreSQL, by Dimitri Fontaine 
• Book: PostgreSQL Query Optimization: The Ultimate Guide to Building Efficient Queries, by Henrietta Dombrovskaya 
• Book: SQL Performance Explained, by Markus Winand 
• Blog: Modern SQL, by Markus Winand
• Blog: Use The Index, Luke, by Markus Winand
• Book: Database Administration, by Craig Mullins 
• Book: A Curious Moon, by Rob Conery 
• Book: The Little SQL Book, by Rob Conery, “Learn SQL While Watching Football This Weekend - Free!” 
• Event: PGDay Chicago 
• Blog: Redgate – Simple Talk 
• Videos: CMU Database Group’s Talks on YouTube: Quarantine (2020), First Dose (2021), Second Dose (2021),  Booster (2022) 
• Crunchy Data’s Postgres Playground 
• Blog: CYBERTEC 
• Blog: Citus Open Source Blog 
• Talk: How To Make Your Postgres Blog Posts Reach A Ton More People, by Claire Giordano
• Conference: PGCon 2023, super useful to watch recorded talks after the fact 
• Conference: PGConf.EU, 2022, good example of an in-person event with lots of opportunities for learning 
• Conference: Citus Con: An Event for Postgres 2023 
• Conference: PGConf NYC 2023 
• Blog Series: PGSQL Phriday, created by Ryan Booz
• Blog Series: PostgreSQL Person of the Week, by Andreas Scherbaum 
• Blog: Robert Haas' blog
• Blog: select * from depesz;
• Book: PostgreSQL 14 internals, by Egor Rogov

In this episode of Path To Citus Con*, Melanie Plageman, a PostgreSQL hacker working at Microsoft, and Thomas Munro, PostgreSQL developer and committer also at Microsoft talk with co-hosts Claire Giordano and Pino de Candia. They talk through all the different ways they got started as developers. Does making your first patch to Postgres get you hooked for a lifetime? Do you have to be a tinkerer to be a good software engineer? What is the “toothbrush test”—and how do you make your avocation be your vocation? We hear stories about dropping out of school or dropped out of career fields before they found their true passions in development and Postgres. 

*[Update: July 2024] Path To Citus Con has been renamed to Talking Postgres. All of the past podcast episodes from Path To Citus Con—now called Talking Postgres with Claire Giordano—can be found here: https://talkingpostgres.com

Some of the links mentioned in the order they were said: 

• Parallelism in PostgreSQL 15: Thomas’ Citus Con talk 
• Additional IO Observability in Postgres with pg_stat_io: Melanie’s Citus Con talk 
• Visualizing PostgreSQL I/O Performance for Development: Melanie’s talk at PGCon 2023
• Add pg_stat_io view, providing more detailed IO statistics, committed by Melanie Plageman in PG 16  
• Neil deGrasse Tyson’s podcast StarTalk 
• From Nand to Tetris by Noam Nisan and Shimon Schocken 
• Sinclair ZX81 
• All Things Open conference 
• PostgreSQL BuildFarm 
• Queues in PostgreSQL: Thomas’ 2022 talk