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TitreDateDurée
Natality with Jennifer Banks07 Oct 202500:52:43

Why does much of the history of philosophy neglect the topic of birth? In episode 142 of Overthink, Ellie and David chat with Jennifer Banks about her book Natality: Toward a Philosophy of Birth. They think through the debate between pronatalism and antinatalism, and consider alternatives to these positions. They also discuss Hannah Arendt’s account of natality and what Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein tells us about the relationship between birth and monstrosity. What is birth, and why does it seem to defy so many of our concepts and categories? What’s the difference between being-born and giving-birth? And how would our view of ourselves change if we saw ourselves through the lens of a “philosophy of birth” (as opposed to, say, “a philosophy of death”)? In the Substack bonus segment, your hosts dive further into Hannah Arendt’s works, focusing on the link between her concept of natality and her ideas about the public/private distinction.

Works Discussed:

Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition

Jennifer Banks, Natality: Toward a Philosophy of Birth

Alison Stone, Being Born: Birth and Philosophy

Dean Spears and Michael Geruso, After the Spike: Population, Progress, and the Case for People

Marjolein Oele, “The Dissolution of the Pregnant City: A Philosophical Account of Early Pregnancy Loss and Enigmatic Grief”

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Femininity 30 Sep 202500:59:35

Tradwives, the divine feminine, and “that girl” on social media. In episode 141 of Overthink, Ellie and David discuss femininity. They look to Simone de Beauvoir’s famous claim that one is not born but rather becomes a woman, and discuss how the process of feminization is crucial to this becoming. They explore the association between femininity, mystery, and docility. Is the return to traditional gender roles an attempt to move away from capitalism? How do contemporary beauty standards shape women’s self-understanding. And is there such thing as “feminine writing”? In the Substack bonus segment, your hosts discuss 90s cultural feminism and spirituality, and question whether it is possible to find liberation through the divine feminine image. 

Works Discussed:

Sandra Bartky, “ Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power”

Pierre Bourdieu, La domination masculine

Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex

Hélène Cixous, “The Laugh of the Medusa”

Manon Garcia, We Are Not Born Submissive


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Earth17 Jun 202500:42:09

This one’s going to rock your world. In episode 132 of Overthink, Ellie and David dig into the earth for the third part of their four-part series on the elements. They discuss everything from earthworms and carbon dating to the “solidity” of the earth. They look to Foucault, Freud, and Husserl for insights about how the earth can act as a metaphor for the mind and for the past. They also wonder: Is the earth inert matter or a living being? And why do so many creation myths present humans as “made” of earth/clay/mud? So, what is it that we actually mean when we talk about earth as an element? In the bonus, your hosts talk think through Heidegger’s notion of ground and horizon, and the Western association of land with earth.

Works Discussed: 

Michel Foucault, The Archeology of Knowledge
Martin Heidegger, “ The Origin of the Work of Art”
Edmund Husserl, Crisis of the European Sciences
David Macauley, Elemental Philosophy: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as Environmental Ideas
Thomas Nail, Theory of the Earth
James Lovelock, Gaia hypothesis
Dorian Sagan and Lynn Margulis, “God, Gaia, and Biophilia”

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Science Fiction (feat. Helen de Cruz)04 Jan 202200:55:35

Would you willingly plug yourself into an experience-simulating machine such as The Matrix? What would happen to society if robots suddenly became conscious? What would you do if, for some reason, you encountered an utterly alien life form? Many of us first ponder big philosophical questions such as these through  exposure to science fiction stories  in books or movies. In episode 42, Ellie and David explore the power of sci-fi. After considering the origins of this genre, they interview Dr. Helen De Cruz, an expert on the philosophy of science fiction, about how our brains process sci-fi stories differently than other speculative narratives, including philosophical thought experiments!

Works Discussed

Helen De Cruz, Johan De Smedt, and Eric Schwitzgebel, Philosophy Through Science Fiction Stories: Exploring the Boundaries of the Possible
Johan De Smedt and Helen De Cruz. "The Epistemic Value of Speculative Fiction"
Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation
The Matrix Decoded: Le Nouvel Observateur Interview With Jean Baudrillard, 2004
Ted Chiang, "Story of Your Life"
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Dispossessed
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Left Hand of Darkness
Zhuangzi, The Inner Chapters
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein
Philip K. Dick, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
The Matrix
(film)
Zenon, Girl of the Twenty-First Century (film)
Arrival (film)
Dune (film)
I, Robot (film)
Robert Nozick, “The Experience Machine"
Ruth Garrett Millikan, “On Swampkinds"

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Intoxication21 Dec 202100:59:08

Drunks, like children, always tell the truth. And after a night (or day) of drinking, everyone turns into a professional philosopher! What is it about intoxication that incites us to philosophize, to “wax poetic”? In episode 41, David and Ellie explore the theme of intoxication all the way from the wine-filled feasts of the ancient Greeks to contemporary debates about psychedelic drugs. They look at the fascinating “ergot hypothesis,” which holds that famous philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle came up with their most important metaphysical insights while tripping on an ancient psychedelic called “ergot.” And they consider what experiences of intoxication can teach us about power, privilege, and freedom.

Works Discussed

Carl Hart, Drug Use for Grown-Ups: Chasing Liberty in the Land of Fear
Plato, The Symposium
R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl A. P. Ruck, The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries
Michael Pollan, How to Change Your Mind
Evgenia Fotiou "The globalization of ayahuasca shamanism and the erasure of indigenous shamanism"
Marty Roth, Drunk the Night Before: An Anatomy of Intoxication
Jean-Luc Nancy, Intoxication
Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysics of Morals
Maggie Nelson, On Freedom
Jacques Derrida, Plato’s Pharmacy

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Christmas-Industrial Complex07 Dec 202100:54:57

Happy holidays! As Christmas approaches, the average American prepares to spend nearly $1,000 on presents, decorations, and family feasting. How did an originally religious festival become so caught up in capitalist consumption? What really defines Christmas in an increasingly secular America? This holiday season, David and Ellie try not to be scrooges as they explore the Christmas Industrial Complex. From Hallmark movies to Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, the stories we tell around Christmas can be incredibly varied. In looking at these narratives and more, Ellie and David discuss whether Christmas can be separated from the often heavily capitalist rituals around it. Episode 40.

Works Discussed

NewSong, “The Christmas Shoes”
Megan Garber, “The Cheesy Endurance of the Made-for-TV Holiday Movie”
A New York Christmas Wedding
Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America
Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol
History.com, “Saturnalia”
Mari Ruti, Penis Envy and Other Bad Feelings
Jim Probasco, “Average Cost of American Holiday Spending”
Jonathan Berr, “Hallmark’s Christmas Movies Are Predictably Popular With Viewers”

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Secrets23 Nov 202100:59:33

What’s this episode about? Shh, it’s a secret. Just kidding! In episode 39, Ellie and David take a deep dive into the concepts of secrets and secrecy. Some thinkers have argued that keeping secrets is destructive for the self, while others say that keeping secrets lets us feel like we have something (alt: a space?) for ourselves, that isn’t shared with other people. Moreover, the telling of secrets is often a key to creating a sense of trust and intimacy between BFFs or romantic partners. However, keeping secrets also often raises an ethical question — is it ever morally right to disclose another person’s secret, and if so, when? Ellie and David conclude with a discussion of government secrecy and its implications for public trust; how much transparency is too much?

Works Discussed

Kwame Anthony Appiah, “Should I Tell My Friend’s Husband She’s Having an Affair?”
Sissela Bok, Secrets
James Edwin Mahon, “Secrets vs. Lies: Is There a Moral Asymmetry?”
Anne Dufourmontelle, In Defense of Secrets
Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus
Jacques Derrida, “Répondre — du secret, 1991-2 seminar”
Georg Simmel, “The Sociology of Secrecy and Secret Societies”
Giovanna Borradori, “Between transparency and surveillance: Politics of the secret"
C. Thi  Nguyễn, “Transparency is Surveillance”

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Disgust09 Nov 202100:59:24

Disgust is often assumed to be biological, but in what ways do cultural norms and personal preferences influence what disgusts us?  Can we shape what we’re disgusted by over time? Ellie and David explore how disgust colors our interactions with food, art, and even sex, in episode 38. Given how disgust has helped enforce racism and homophobia, does it have any place in morality? And how does modern art's use of excrement, vomit, and blood change how we think about aesthetics?

Works Discussed

  • Sianne Ngai, Ugly Feelings
  • Charles Darwin, The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals
  • John Garcia, Donald J. Kimeldorf, and Robert A. Koelling, "Conditioned aversion to saccharin resulting from exposure to gamma radiation"
  • Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments
  • Georges Bataille, Documents
  • Georges Bataille, L’érotisme
  • Downton Abbey, S3 E7
  • Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement
  • Christopher Ofili, The Holy Virgin Mary
  • Julia Kristeva, Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection

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Living Your Truth (feat. Tamsin Kimoto)26 Oct 202100:59:26

Are you #LivingYourTruth? This buzzy catchphrase is all over Instagram, but might it actually justify selfish or irresponsible behavior? Alternatively, can it be a way of affirming marginalized identities--and perhaps even reveal the extent to which our lives are ultimately of our own making? Ellie and David speak with Dr. Tamsin Kimoto in episode 37 about how "living your truth" relates to transgender identity formation, "born this way" narratives of sexuality, and the idea of an authentic self. After the interview, David and Ellie suggest that existential authenticity is a way of "living your truth" without buying into the metaphysical idea of an inner self.

Works Discussed

Tamsin Kimoto, "Merleau-Ponty, Fanon, and Phenomenological Forays in Trans Life"
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality
Talia Mae Bettcher, “Trapped in the Wrong Theory: Rethinking Trans Oppression and Resistance”
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Phenomenology of Perception
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Elizabeth Grosz, “Criticism, feminism and the institution: An interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak”
Friedrich Nietzsche, “Schopenhauer as Educator”
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time
Theodor Adorno, The Jargon of Authenticity

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Art as Commodity12 Oct 202100:57:46

Today's art world is driven by multimillion-dollar auctions and fancy art fairs inaccessible to most Americans — Art Basel Miami, anyone? Those who do view art spend an average of just eight seconds per work, so it's not clear that we're even meaningfully experiencing those Monet water lilies. In episode 36, Ellie and David explore the way capitalism has turned art into a commodity. From Basquiat to Banksy, even street art seems to have been devoured by capitalism’s endless hunger for monetary exchange, selling aesthetics of revolution for millions of dollars at auction. How might intricate Tibetan sand paintings and even macaroni necklaces help us envision a future for art outside of commodification?


Works Discussed

John Dewey, Art as Experience
Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”
Hito Steyerl, Duty Free Art
Theodor Adorno, The Culture Industry
Michael Baxandall, Painting and Experience
Diana Crane, “Reflections on the Global Art Market”
Cynthia Freeland, What is Art?
McKenzie Wark, “Digital Provenance and the Artwork as Derivative”
Sianne Ngai, Our Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting
Banksy, Love is in the Bin
Karl Marx, 1844 Manuscripts
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Pont Neuf Wrapped

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Hooking Up28 Sep 202100:59:55

Hooking up: sexual liberation or unethical exploitation? With the rise of dating apps, sexual gratification seems like a few taps (or swipes) away at any given moment. What implications does this have for sexual ethics around consent, fantasy, and using other people merely for pleasure? In episode 35, Ellie and David dive into the history, theory, and criticisms of hookup culture. Is there a way to hook up ethically? Some argue that the power imbalances fundamental to hooking up prevent it from ever being on equal grounds, yet others claim that the shift to hooking up generates potential for queer exploration and for sexual discretion in ways that were previously unavailable. Let’s find out!

Works Discussed

F Boy Island (TV Show)
James Rocha, The Ethics of Hooking Up
Danielle M. Currier, “Strategic Ambiguity: Protecting Emphasized Femininity and Hegemonic Masculinity in the Hookup Culture”
Lisa Wade, American Hookup
Lisa Wade and Joseph Padgett, “Hookup Culture and Higher Education”
Lisa Rudd, “Beyond the Closet”
Lee Edelman, No Future
Slavoj Žižek, A&F Quarterly, Back to School Issue 2003
Leo Bersani, Is the Rectum a Grave?

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Paradox14 Sep 202100:55:49

Ever want to have your cake and eat it too? Maybe you can! In episode 34, join Ellie and David (and the Olsen twins) in an investigation into paradox. Paradox refers to a self-contradictory statement that nonetheless rests on seemingly logically sound premises. From Meno to Zeno and his tortoises and arrows, from Christian theologians trying to uncover the nature of God and faith to Zen Buddhists exploring the origins of consciousness, paradox has a long history of keeping people stumped, but also of driving human innovation and creativity to new heights. However, we often still wonder: can paradoxes ever truly be solved, or are they just doomed as contradictions? Let’s find out!

Works Discussed

Zeno, Fragments
David M. Peña-Guzman, “Bergson’s philosophical method: At the edge of phenomenology and mathematics”
Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript; Philosophical Fragments; Fear and Trembling
Sartre, Being and Nothingness
Jacques Derrida, Of Hospitality and “Faith and Knowledge”
Plato, Meno
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Marcel Mauss, “The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies”
Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Holiday in the Sun
Aristotle, Metaphysics
Diamond Sutra

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Synesthesia31 Aug 202100:53:38

Have you ever tasted music or experienced numbers as having genders? If so, you might be a synesthete! Synesthesia refers to subjective experiences in which a stimulus associated with one sensory modality (e.g., vision) is experienced as having properties associated with an entirely different modality (e.g. sound, texture, or smell). This “mixing” of the senses raises fascinating questions about human experience and the life of the mind. In episode 33, Ellie and David discuss the science and philosophy of synesthesia while poking fun at people who brag about being synesthetes at parties. Are synesthetes born or made? What forms of synesthesia exist? And how might one go about cultivating synesthetic perception?

Works Discussed

Donielle Johnson, Carrie Allison, and Simon Baron-Cohen, “The Prevalence of
Synesthesia: The Consistency Revolution”
Simon Baron-Cohen,  “Is There a Normal Phase of Synaesthesia in Development?”
David Abram, The Spell of the Sensuous
Kenneth Peacock, “Instruments to Perform Color-Music: Two Centuries of Technological Experimentation”
Anina Rich, interview in "Synesthesia" episode of All in the Mind podcast
Jamie Ward and Peter Meijer. “Visual Experiences in the Blind Induced by an Auditory Sensory Substitution Device”
Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind
Adam Wager, “The Extra Qualia Problem: Synaesthesia and Representationism”
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

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Water03 Jun 202500:53:33

Oceans, baths, ponds, and amniotic sacs? In episode 131 of Overthink, David and Ellie take a deep dive into the topic of water as part of their four-part series on the elements. They discuss how all life begins in water, and the conceptual features of water, such as its fluidity and shapelessness. What did Thales of Miletus mean by ‘all is water’? How is water used as a metaphor for the Dao? And at what point does being in water go from feeling like Moana to feeling like Jaws? In the Patreon bonus segment, they talk about water as a symbol of purification, the significance of plate tectonics, and the relationship between AI and water usage.

 

Works Discussed: 

Aristotle, On the Heavens 

Francis Bacon, Novum Organum

Jamie Linton, What Is Water? The History of a Modern Abstraction

David Macauley, Elemental Philosophy: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water as Environmental Ideas 

Anna Secor, “Spacetimeunconscious”

Neil Shubin, Your Inner Fish

Lao Tzu, Dao De Jing 

Peter Godfrey Smith, Metazoa

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Astrology17 Aug 202100:57:45

Astrology. Dangerous pseudoscience? Comforting salve in a cold capitalist world? Subjugated knowledge? It's all fun and games when you're looking up your Co-Star horoscope, but according to philosopher Theodor Adorno, even a playful belief in astrology encourages submission to the status quo--and promotes fascist thinking. In this can't-miss episode 32, Ellie and David discuss the psychological appeal of astrology, which is experiencing a huge resurgence today. They also dive deep into the history and science behind the practice. Did you know Johannes Kepler was an astrologer? Or that your star sign is...probably not actually your sign? The episode also gets into the Barnum Effect, and some surprising similarities between astrology, weather forecasts, and personality tests. 

Works discussed:

Theodor Adorno, The Stars Down to Earth
Nicholas Campion, History of Western Astrology
Roger Beck, A Brief History of Ancient Astrology
Thomas Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution
Alexander Boxer, A Scheme of Heaven: The History of Astrology and the Search for our Destiny in Data
Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch
Colin Koopman, How We Became Our Data
Bertram Forer, "The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility"

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Genomics (feat. Joel Michael Reynolds)03 Aug 202100:58:21

From 23andMe to prenatal testing, genetic testing is everywhere these days! The use of these tests raises important concerns about "velvet eugenics" and the value of human life. In episode 31, Ellie and David address the ethics and politics of genomics. They talk with ethicist Dr. Joel Michael Reynolds, an expert on disability studies and genomics, about why your zip code is a much better indicator of  health outcomes than your genome. Plus, Joel unpacks why genetic sequencing can cause anxiety for new parents and further social inequities.

Works discussed:
Joel Michael Reynolds, "Health for Whom? Bioethics and the Challenge of Justice for Genomic Medicine"
Joel Michael Reynolds, "Genopower: On Genomics, Disability, and Impairment"
Sivan Tamir, "Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Ethical-Legal Perspectives and Practical Considerations"
Jenny Reardon, The Postgenomic Condition
Rosemarie Garland Thomson, "Welcoming The Unexpected," in Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing, ed. Erik Parens and Josephine Johnson
National Human Genome Research Institute, "Human Genome Project FAQ"
Guy Standing, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class

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Brain in a Vat20 Jul 202100:52:45

Have you considered that you might be a brain in a vat of liquid floating in a laboratory somewhere? How can you know that the world around you is real, not just a simulation being piped directly to your brain? In episode 30, Ellie and David unpack one of philosophy's favorite thought experiments: the brain in a vat.  They also analyze our cultural obsession with the brain, common criticisms of this thought experiment from consciousness studies, and precursors in Descartes and science fiction. Also--what's with the Italian neuroscientist who keeps trying to do head transplants?

Works discussed:
Daniel Dennett, "Where Am I?"
Gilbert Harman, Thought
Alva Noë, Out of Our Heads: Why You Are Not Your Brain
Evan Thompson and Diego Cosmelli, "Brain in a Vat or Body in a World? Brainbound Versus Enactive Views of Experience"
Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi, The Phenomenological Mind
Bronwyn Parry, "Technologies of Immortality: The Brain on Ice"
John Desmond Bernal, The World, the Flesh and the Devil
Raymond Roussel, Locus Solus
John Tresch, "In a solitary place: Raymond Roussel’s brain and the French cult of unreason"
Harry Smit and Peter M. S. Hacker, "Seven Misconceptions About the Mereological Fallacy: A Compilation for the Perplexed"
Bessel van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score

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Alienation06 Jul 202100:52:43

Do you fear the Sunday Scaries and Thank God It's Friday? You might be suffering from a case of what Karl Marx called "alienation." In episode 29 of Overthink, David and Ellie break down this key but often misunderstood concept for the modern workplace. After explaining Marx's four forms of alienation using the example of making Teva sandals, they discuss the gig economy and "bullshit jobs." Plus: in today's society, are even poets and Netflix viewers alienated? Or does Marx's concept only apply to an outdated model of industrial work under capitalism?

Works discussed:
Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Rahel Jaeggi, Alienation
David Graeber, Bullshit Jobs
Byung-Chul Han, In the swarm: Digital prospects
Herbert Marcuse, One Dimensional Man
Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle
Emmanuel Renault, From Fordism to Post-Fordism: Beyond or Back to Alienation
Louis Althusser, Reading Capital

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Cancel Culture22 Jun 202100:56:16

In episode 28 of Overthink, Ellie and David explore cancel culture. Is it a thing--and if so, what are its merits and dangers? They unpack the origins of cancel culture in Black Twitter and debate whether "canceling" people is a tactic of neoliberalism.  Should we be canceling Chrissy Teigen, J.K. Rowling, Nick Cannon, and Matt and Rachel from The Bachelor? Also discussed: carceral logic, restorative justice, and forgiveness.

Works discussed:
Meredith D. Clark, "DRAG THEM: A brief etymology of so-called 'cancel culture'"
Kimberly Foster of For Harriett, "We Can't Cancel Everyone" (YouTube)
Wendy Brown, Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution
Zygmunt Bauman, Liquid Life
Ellie Anderson, Cynthia Willett, and Diana Meyers, "Feminist Perspectives on the Self" in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought

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Body Positivity to Fat Feminism (feat. Dr. Amelia Hruby)08 Jun 202100:59:43

In episode 27 of Overthink, Ellie and David speak with feminist philosopher and author Dr. Amelia Hruby about fat feminism, intersectionality, alternatives to the male gaze, and her project #selfiesforselflove. Before the interview, Ellie and David discuss their issues with the "body positivity" movement using phenomenology, and suggest why Sonya Renee Taylor's account of radical self-love is a better alternative. The episode closes with a deep dive into the racist history of the thin ideal using the work of Sabrina Strings.

Works discussed:
Sabrina Strings, Fearing the Black Body
Virgie Tovar, You Have the Right to Remain Fat
Sonya Renee Taylor, The Body is Not an Apology
Alexandra Sastre, "Towards a radical body positive: Reading the online 'body positive movement'"
Amelia Hruby, Fifty Feminist Mantras
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Phenomenology of Perception
Kimberlé Crenshaw, "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color"
Patricia Hill Collins, "Controlling Images"
John Berger, Ways of Seeing

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Living Together During Covid25 May 202100:52:33

In episode 26 of Overthink, Ellie and David explore cohabitation during Covid. They use philosopher Henri Bergson's theory of rhythm and the Africana philosophy concept of Ubuntu to better understand how we have had to re-negotiate and re-engage with space this year. Also discussed: Ellie's early Covid board games, David's living room, moving during covid, and lots more!

Works Discussed:
Taylor Trudon, Teenage Angst, Revisited in Isolation
Julius Gathogo, African Philosophy as Expressed in the Concepts of Hospitality and Ubuntu
Bhekizizwe Peterson, The Art of Personhood: Kinship and Its Social Challenges
Kai Kresse, Philosophizing in Mombasa
Hannah Arendt, Origins of Totalitarianism
Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory
Immanuel Kant, The Critique of Pure Reason
Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra

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Dating During Covid11 May 202100:55:09

In episode 25 of Overthink, Ellie and David discuss dating during Covid--including their own experiences! With so many Americans getting vaccinated, the dating scene may be heating up again--but what philosophical lessons can we learn from the past year of pandemic dating? Ellie gives a sociological history of dating, and David wonders about how socially distant dating changes class dynamics. Then the two talk about  how pandemic dating involves a "phenomenology of acceleration" and a "phenomenology of failure," as well as what attachment theory shows about dating in social isolation. Also discussed: going on a "first date" many months into dating, mental health, and David's support of "impurity culture."

Works Discussed:
Eva Illouz, Consuming the Romantic Utopia
Jean-Paul Sartre, No Exit
Lawrence L. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow
Beth L. Bailey, From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America
Moira Weigel, Labor of Love
John Bowlby, The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds
Amir Levine and Rachel S.F. Heller, Attached

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Friendship During Covid (feat. Anna Koppelman)27 Apr 202100:57:29

On episode 24 of Overthink, Ellie and David tackle friendship during Covid. They begin by discussing their dream day with friends, which includes: brunch, thrift store shopping, and team sports, all of which have been impossible to do during the pandemic. What has social distancing meant for friendship? They bring on special guest, undergraduate Anna Koppelman (Overthink's  production assistant and social media coordinator!), to discuss how Covid has impacted college students' social lives. The three talk Heidegger, Aristotle, and how sad it is to have no fun gossip anymore! Finally, David and Ellie analyze how gender has affected Covid friendships, Epicurus supporting "pods" before it was cool, and more!

Works Discussed:

Lydia Denworth, Friendship: The Evolution, Biology, and Extraordinary Power of Life’s Fundamental Bond
Beverley Fehr, Friendship Processes
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
Immanuel Kant, Metaphysical Principles of Virtue
Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude
Samantha Schmidt, The Washington Post, Men find new ways to Bond During the Pandemic
Jeffrey A. Hall, How many hours does it take to make a friend?
Martin Heidegger, What Is Metaphysics?

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Games and Gamification (feat. C. Thi Nguyen)13 Apr 202100:54:51

In episode 23 of Overthink, Ellie, and David sit down with philosopher Dr. C. Thi Nguyen to discuss his work on games and gamification. They begin by their love for The Sims and the out-of-body experiences video games can trigger. From there, they get into the works of thinkers including  Ortega y Gasset, Nietzsche, Mill, Gadamer, discussing their theories on games and motivation. The trio also jumps into the function of games in community, how British and American drinking games differ, motivational states, Thi’s epic game nights, and more.


Works Discussed:
C. Thi Nguyen, Games: Agency as Art
Roger Callois, Man, Play and Games
Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy
José Ortega y Gasset, Meditations on Hunting
Gordon Burghardt, The Genesis of Animal Play
Matthew Broersma, “US Military Recruits Gamers To Fly Killer Drones”

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Fire20 May 202500:53:57

Are all fires inherently bad? In episode 130 of Overthink, David and Ellie launch a four-part series on the elements, starting off hot with fire. They look at the role of fire in Greek mythology (focusing on the myth of Prometheus), the evolution of humans’ relationship with fire, and fire’s role as the universal metaphor. Why did Prometheus steal fire from the Olympians and give it  to humans? Why does Bachelard believe that fire is “the” philosophical element par excellence? How did Western culture turn fire from friend to foe? And what would a non-antagonistic relationship to fire look like? In the bonus, your hosts give their fiery takes on arson and pyromania.

Works Discussed: 

Gaston Bachelard, The Psychoanalysis of Fire
Stephen J. Pyne, The Pyrocene
Stephen J. Pyne, “Fire in the mind: changing understandings of fire in Western civilization.”

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Free Britney! Conservatorship and Disability30 Mar 202100:57:27

In episode 22 of Overthink, Ellie and David discuss the new Britney Spears documentary exposing her legal conservatorship. After bonding over their tween obsession with Britney, they dive into the laws around conservatorship and cultural narratives around mental health. The two argue that disability has been largely ignored in the conversation around Britney Spears, even though people with disabilities and the elderly are most affected by conservatorships. They show how  disability studies and feminist theories of care illuminate the conversation. Also mentioned: translating toxic to Spanish, early 2000's choreographed dances, Grace and Frankie, and more.

Works Discussed:
Aristotle, Politics
Erica F. Wood, State Level Adult Guardianship Data: An Exploratory Survey
Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception
Grace and Frankie (TV series)
Jan Baars, Aging and the Art of Living
Joe Coscarelli, What is a Conservatorship?
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government 
Jonathan Blakeson, I Care a Lot (Film)
Sara Luterman, The Darker Story Just Outside the Lens of “Framing Britney Spears”
Seneca, On Old Age
Simone de Beauvoir, The Coming of Age
The New York Times, Framing Britney Spears (Documentary)
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

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Gaslighting16 Mar 202100:47:46

Ellie and David discuss the term "gaslighting" in episode 21. They begin by jumping into the origin of the term in the 1940s and its entrance into mainstream discourse today. Then the two go onto explore how gaslighting works, and whether it needs to be deliberate (spoiler alert: no!). Finally, David and Ellie think about structural and cultural gaslighting  in systems of oppression. Also discussed in the episode: The Chicks, epistemic injustice, the medical establishment, and...is Socrates a gaslighter? Gaslit? Neither?

Works discussed:
George Cukor, Gaslight (film) 
Veronica Ivy, “Allies Behaving Badly: Gaslighting as Epistemic Injustice” 
Cynthia A. Stark, “Gaslighting, Misogyny, and Psychological Oppression” 
Nora Berenstain, “White Feminist Gaslighting” 
Elena Ruíz, “Cultural Gaslighting”  
Shelley Tremain, “Structural Gaslighting, Epistemic Injustice, and Ableism in Philosophy”  
Lauren Duca, “Donald Trump is Gaslighting America”  
Karen C. Adkins, “Gaslighting by Crowd” 
Elinor Greenberg, “Are You Being "Gaslighted" By the Narcissist in Your Life?”  
Diane E. Hoffmann and Anita J. Tarzian, “The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women in the Treatment of Pain" 
Ashley Fetters, “The Doctor Doesn’t Listen to Her. But the Media Is Starting To”  

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Reparations (feat. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò)09 Mar 202100:54:41

In episode 20 of Overthink, Ellie and David sit down with philosopher Dr. Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò to discuss climate reparations and why they are needed as part of a broader discussion about reparations for racial injustice. Before that conversation, Ellie and David open the episode by addressing the history of reparations and the need for them both monetarily and as a signifier of justice. This episode looks at eco-fascism, whether direct payments via Cash App are viable reparations, and the need for reparations in the fight for justice.

Works Discussed:
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877
John Torpey, Making Whole What Has Been Smashed
Cedric J. Robinson, On Racial Capitalism, Black Internationalism, and Cultures of Resistance
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, "What’s New About Woke Racial Capitalism (and What Isn’t)"
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò, "An African case for carbon removal"
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò and Beba Cibralic, "The Case for Climate Reparations"
John Mbaria and Mordecai Ogada, The Big Conservation Lie
Adom Getachew, Worldmaking After Empire
Lisa J. Laplante, "The Plural Justice Aims of Reparations"

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Genius02 Mar 202100:48:05

In Episode 19 of Overthink, Ellie and David debate the idea of genius. They begin by explaining Kant and Schopenhauer's theories of genius before diving into feminist critiques of the very idea that geniuses exist. They talk about why women were traditionally excluded from being geniuses, how male professors are called "genius" on Ratemyprofessor more than their female counterparts, and how sociological conditions determine who is considered a genius. Also discussed: Ellie's childhood belief that she was, in fact, a genius, David's competitive standardized test-taking, whether genius is innate, if a scientist can count as genius, the Hollywood "it factor," and more!

Works Discussed:
Immanuel Kant, The Critique of Judgment
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation
Tom Leddy, "Kant on How to be a Genius"
Linda Nochlin, "Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?"
Cynthia Freeland, "Gender, Genius, and Guerilla Girls"
Fran Lebowitz, "Pretend It’s a City" (Netflix TV show)
Storage et al., "The Frequency of “Brilliant” and “Genius” in Teaching Evaluations Predicts the Representation of Women and African Americans across Fields"

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Polyamory23 Feb 202100:52:48

In episode 18 of Overthink, Ellie and David conclude their four-part series on intimate relationships with a discussion of polyamory. Many argue that polyamory has liberatory potential as a radical form of relating to others. Some say that polyamory is natural for humans--is this story from evolutionary biology true, and does it matter? Ellie and David discuss these issues and also explain how polyamory encourages us to rethink jealousy through the concept of compersion. The two also touch on the relation between polyamory and colonialism, and gender and racial dynamics in understanding poly identities!

Works Discussed:
Cacilda Jethá and Christopher Ryan, Sex at Dawn
Kim TallBear, The Critical Polyamorist blog
Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization
Carrie Jenkins, What Love Is and What It Could Be
Slavoj Žižek, "The Need to Traverse the Fantasy"
Justin Leonard Clardy, "‘I Don’t Want To be a Playa No More’: An Exploration of the Denigrating Effects of ‘Player’ as a Stereotype Against African American Polyamorous Men."
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1

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Open Relationships16 Feb 202100:54:57

In episode 17 of Overthink,  Ellie and David talk about open relationships. 50% of millennials are not interested in having purely monogamous relationships. With many still wanting a primary partner, some are turning towards open relationships. What do open relationships have to offer? Ellie and David start off by talking about their own experience with open relationships and its ties to their philosophical and feminist beliefs. Then the two dive into the open relationships of famous existentialist thinkers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. It’s juicy! By the end of the episode they also discuss the romantic mystique, the triangulation of desire, our ability to understand desire, and more!

Works Discussed
Carrie Jenkins, What Love Is
Simone de Beauvoir, She Came to Stay
Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity
Tony Coelho, “Hearts, groins and the intricacies of gay male open relationships”

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Monogamy09 Feb 202100:50:38

On episode 16 of Overthink, Ellie and David dive into monogamy. Ellie jumps into her obsession with reality shows centered around monogamy that are actually examples of polyamory, aka the entire Bachelor franchise. Then they discuss the appeal to nature that is often made when talking about monogamy as well as Aristophanes’ story of the one, the potential negatives of all-consuming love, cheating, and more!

Works Discussed:
Plato, Symposium
Angela Willey, Undoing Monogamy
Harry Chalmers, "Is Monogamy Morally Permissible?"
Kyle York, "Why Monogamy is Morally Permissible"
Vinciane Despret, What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?
Tristan and Iseult
Louise Crane, "The Truth About Swans"

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Marriage02 Feb 202100:49:53

In episode 15 of Overthink, Ellie and David discuss the history and philosophy of marriage. Why do married people in the U.S. receive over 1,000 legal benefits that single people do not? Ellie and David dive into Foucault's analysis of ancient Roman marriage and Hegel's idea that marriage unites the subjective and objective spheres. Then the two discuss the way it’s been used bio-politically, as well as queer critiques of marriage. They also discuss minimal marriage as a solution, how the average wedding in America costs thirty thousand dollars, their own experience with the idea of marriage, and much more!

Interested in works discussed?
Bertrand Russell, Marriage and Morals
Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume 3
Elizabeth Brake, Minimizing Marriage
G.W.F. Hegel, Outlines of the Philosophy of Right
Carrie Jenkins, What Love Is
Anthony Giddens, The Transformation of Intimacy

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Buddhist Practice and Anti-Racism (feat. Jessica Locke)26 Jan 202100:51:41

On episode 14 of Overthink, Ellie and David sit down with Dr. Jessica Locke, an expert in Buddhist philosophy, to discuss mindfulness as a tool for anti-racist education and social justice work. After investigating the ways that Western science and capitalism have watered down Buddhist mindfulness, they explore with Dr. Locke how Buddhist practices can be an important part of a social justice toolbox. Together, they explore how mindfulness practice changes one’s relationship to suffering, alters our view of the world,  and can be especially important for white people unlearning habits of white privilege.

Works Discussed:
Jessica Locke, "Living Our Histories, Shaping Our Futures: Buddhist Practice and Anti-Racist Education for White People"
Joseph Goldstein, Mindfulness
Ronald Purser, McMindfulness
Bessel van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score
Essential Mind Training, ed. Thupten Jinpa
Interconnected, the Karmapa, Orgyen Trinley Dorje

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Performativity19 Jan 202100:39:33

On episode 13 of Overthink, Ellie and David explain what performativity is. They explain why the phrase "performative ally" is not philosophically accurate, and how performativity is rooted in theories about language and identity. They talk about First Amendment laws, the ball culture of Paris is Burning, Legally Blonde, pornography, and more!

Works Discussed:
Judith Butler, Gender Trouble
Jennie Livingston, Paris is Burning
J.L. Austin, How to Do Things with Words
Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech
Rae Langton "Subordination, Silence, and Pornography’s Authority" & "Beyond Belief: Pragmatics in Hate Speech and Pornography"
Rebecca Kukla, "Performative Force, Convention, and Discursive Injustice"

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Discretion with Barry Lam06 May 202500:51:38

What value might there be in having fewer rules? In episode 129 of Overthink, Ellie and David talk to philosopher and host of Hi-Phi Nation Barry Lam about his book, Fewer Rules, Better People: The Case for Discretion. They discuss the problems with legalism and bureaucracy and the importance of discretion, as well as how the emergence of AI affects decision-making, and the negative impact of too many rules on our criminal justice system. Are we obliged to follow government rulings? Why is the ‘by the book bureaucrat’ the biggest villain of all? And how can we train people to make better discretionary decisions? In the bonus, your hosts consider the effects of decisions based on private morality and whether there are cultural differences in discretion.


Works Discussed:

Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously
Barry Lam,  Fewer Rules, Better People: The Case for Discretion
Plato, Crito

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Conspiracy Theories (feat. Brian Keeley)12 Jan 202100:54:30

On episode 12 of Overthink, Ellie and David sit down with philosopher Brian Keeley to discuss conspiracy theories. The three examine both the appeal of conspiracy theories and the dire need for public trust in institutions to combat such beliefs. Following last week’s far-right attack on the Capitol, Ellie and David consider the particularly American nature of conspiracy theories that has existed since the nation's founding.  Finally, they discuss the way conspiracy theories root within families and communities and pull people apart.  

Works Discussed
Brian Keeley, "Of Conspiracy Theories"
Anne Applebaum, "Trump and His Heirs Dream of Endless Victory"
Jared Millson, "Conspiracy Theories"
Stephan Lewandowsky and John Cook, "The Conspiracy Theory Handbook"
Charles Pigden, "Before Conspiracy Theories and the Conventional Wisdom"
Mack Lamoureux, “People Tell Us How QAnon Destroyed Their Relationships
J. Eric Oliver and Thomas J. Wood, "Conspiracy Theories and the Paranoid Style(s) of Mass Opinion"

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Me, Myself, and Zoom05 Jan 202100:54:00

On episode 11 of Overthink, Ellie and David discuss the ways in which Zoom has impacted our perception of the self and others. They begin by exploring the blurred lines of privacy that Zoom offers (who among us hasn’t cut their video feed to do a load of laundry?). Next, the two jump into the impact self-view has had on all of us now that we are able to see ourselves conduct our normal lives, tying it to Lacan’s mirror stage. Plus, they discuss disability theorists and the potential benefits that Zoom has for inclusion and accessibility. 

 

Interested In the works discussed? 

Paul Virilio, Open Sky
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex
Ellie Anderson, “You’re Not Staring at Yourself on Zoom, You’re Judging Yourself
Jacques Lacan, "The Mirror Stage as Formative of the I Function"
Céline LeBoeuf, "Anatomy of the Thigh Gap"
Iris Marion Young, "Throwing Like a Girl"
Zoe Beery “When the World Shut Down, They Saw it Open”
danah boyd, "Profiles as Conversation: Networked Identity Performance on Friendster"

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New Year's Resolutions29 Dec 202000:45:27

On episode 10 of Overthink, Ellie and David debate the merit of New Year’s Resolutions. Only 8% of people keep the resolutions they set – so why do we continue to make resolutions? The duo discusses the importance of questioning the resolutions we make and desire. To understand the January 1st phenomena, they dive into Stoicism and Nietzsche.

 Interested in works discussed?

William B. Irvine, A Guide to the Good Life
Epictetus and Sharon Lobell, The Art of Living
Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals
Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition

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Parrhesia - Speaking Truth to Power16 Dec 202000:51:38

On episode 9 of Overthink, Ellie and David dive into the concept of parrhesia (speaking truth to those in power). They discuss its origin in Ancient Greece with Socrates and Diogenes, as well as its resurgence in Foucault. The two get into modern day truth tellers such as Dr. Christine Blasey Ford, Tristan Harris, Emma Sulkowicz, and more. 

Interested in the works discussed? Look no further:

Andreas Huyssen, “Foreword: The return of Diogenes as Postmodern Intellectual”
Michel Foucault, Fearless Speech
Gordon Hull, “The Banality of Cynicism: Foucault and the Limits of Authentic Parrhēsia”
Mary Anne Franks, “Fearless Speech”
“The Social Dilemma,” dir. Jeff Orlowski
Kurt Borg, “Foucault on Drugs: The Personal, the Ethical and the Political in Foucault in California”
Emma Sulkowicz, "Carry That Weight"

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Ghosting08 Dec 202000:50:34

Have you ever been ghosted? In episode 8 of Overthink, Ellie and David deconstruct this dating dilemma. The duo discuss what ghosting does to our emotions; how the Greek notion of akrasia can help us understand why people ghost; how ghosting leaves us feeling, well, haunted; and more!

Interested in the works discussed? Here you go!
Jacques Derrida,  Specters of Marx
Julia Kristeva, Strangers to Ourselves
“Derrida,” dir. Kirby Dick and Amy Ziering Kofman
Carl du Prel, The Philosophy of Mysticism

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Empathy01 Dec 202000:47:12

In episode 7 of Overthink, Ellie and David dive into the sensation of empathy! The dynamic duo discuss mirror neurons, whether animals can feel empathy, nice boy syndrome, why the phrase “I feel your pain” is so annoying, and more!

Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here:
Frans De Waal, The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society
Hal Herzog and Mel Foster, Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat
Edith Stein, On the Problem of Empathy
Amy Coplan and Peter Goldie, eds. Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives, ed.
Marco Iacoboni, Mirroring People: The New Science of How We Connect with Others
Paul Bloom, Against Empathy

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Why Millennials Love Homemaking15 Nov 202000:50:49

In episode 6 of Overthink, Ellie and David look at millennials' obsession with homemaking through the lens of Epicurus and Mariana Ortega. The duo talk about the Danish word “hygge,” alloparenting plants, IKEA, how 10-step skincare regimens are definitely the reason why millennials don’t own homes, and so much more! 

Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here!
Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life
Mariana Ortega, In-Between: Latina Feminist Phenomenology, Multiplicity, and the Self
Malcolm Harris, Kids These Days: Human Capital and the Making of Millennials
Epicurus, The Art of Happiness

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Nostalgia15 Nov 202000:55:32

In episode 5 of Overthink, Ellie and David talk about the taste, smell, and function of nostalgia. They dive into al pastor tacos, cottagecore, teenage diary entries, old shampoo bottles, M.A.G.A and more!  

Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here!
Svetlana Boym, The Future of Nostalgia
Cathy Park Hong, Minor Feelings: An Asian-American Reckoning
Lauren Berlant, "Big Man" (https://socialtextjournal.org/big-man/)
Sigmund Freud, Mourning and Melancholia
Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time, volume 1: Swann's Way
Derek Walcott, Omeros
H.A. Kaplan, "The Psychopathology of Nostalgia"

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Anti-Maskers and American Individualism31 Oct 202000:49:52

On episode 3 of Overthink, Ellie and David delve into the rise of Anti-Mask protests across the country. The two discuss American individualism in our conception of freedom, the role of breath in the Judeo-Christian tradition, how much freedom we actually have when choosing lunch, and so much more!

Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here: 

 G.W.F. Hegel, The Philosophy of Right
John Locke, Second Treatise of Government
Simone de Beauvoir, America Day By Day and The Ethics of Ambiguity 
Nietzsche, The Genealogy of Morals
The Bible
Kate Manne, Down Girl
Deep Throat (adult film)

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Existential Anxiety31 Oct 202000:53:41

On episode 4 of Overthink, Ellie and David talk about existential anxiety, FOMO, Netflix’s Emily in Paris, The Good Place, and the difference between the medical and existential model of anxiety. Then the dynamic duo discusses how to deal with existential angst through resoluteness, mindfulness, and faith--or what David likes to call “embracing your ugliness!”

 Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here:
Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness
Gordon Marino, The Existentialist’s Survival Guide
American Psychiatric Association website,  “What are Anxiety Disorders?” https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus
Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity
Franz Kafka, Metamorphosis
The Good Place
(TV show)
Jenny Odell, How To Do Nothing
Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life

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Cleanliness22 Apr 202500:55:39

Episode 128 – Cleanliness

How often should you shower to remain ‘clean’? How many times can you re-wear your jeans before they are considered ‘dirty’? In episode 128 of Overthink, Ellie and David take a look at cleanliness. They get into how humans have turned cleanliness into an art, and maybe even an obsession. Why are we so bothered by dirt? What is dirt, anyways? How are notions of dirtiness and cleanliness even into our symbolic systems, including language and religion? And what is up with TikTok’s obsession with the Clean Girl Aesthetic? As they tackle these questions, your hosts also explore the historical weaponisation of the concept of cleanliness against marginalised groups, such as queer people and people of color. In the bonus, Ellie and David discuss cleanliness as a social construct, the link between it and isolation, and Michel Serres’s ‘excremental theory’ of private property.

Works Discussed:
Bruce Bagemihl, Biological Exuberance
Dana Berthold, “Tidy Whiteness: A Genealogy of Race, Purity, and Hygiene”
L’Oreal Blackett, “In The “Hygiene Olympics” Black Folks Always Win — But Aren’t We Tired?”
Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger
Virginia Smith, Clean: A History of Personal Hygiene and Purity

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How Capitalism Commodifies Time31 Oct 202000:44:35

On episode 2 of Overthink, Ellie  and David  discuss how millennials love talking about hating capitalism, the influence capitalism has had on our understanding of time, and the blurring line between who you are as a worker and who you are as an individual. Then they discuss how Covid-19 has challenged our conception of time and what this means for the future!

Interested in the works discussed? You can find them here: 
Edward Thompson, “Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism”
Karl Marx, Capital
Judy Wajcman, Pressed for Time
Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle 
Venkatesh Rao, “Pandemic Time: Distributed Doomsday-Clock” 

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Welcome to Overthink!31 Oct 202000:07:09

Welcome to Overthink.  A philosophy podcast you'll actually want to listen to. Smart but cool. Fun but deep. Hosted by professors Ellie Anderson (Pomona College) and David M. Peña-Guzmán (San Francisco State University).

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Oligarchy08 Apr 202500:54:03

Is Trump’s presidential reign turning the US into an oligarchy? Or did the US fall into oligarchic rule many years ago? In episode 127 of Overthink, David and Ellie dive into what an oligarchy looks like, the dangers of a country’s power being in the hands of the wealthy few, and whether or not oligarchic rule is new for the US. They look to the ancient Greeks for ideas on which form of government is conducive to the good life and explore how Aristotle’s notion of pleonexia relates to the current state of the US. Your hosts investigate how oligarchy morphs into tyranny, and try to answer the question, “How can we resist an oligarchy?” In the bonus, Ellie and David look at the four different types of oligarchy discussed by Jeffrey Winters.

Works Discussed: 

Aristotle, Politics

Gordon Arlen, “Aristotle and the problem of oligarchic harm: Insights for democracy”

Thom Hartmann, The Hidden History of American Oligarchy

Plato, Republic 

Luke Winslow, Oligarchy in America 

Jeffrey Winters, Oligarchy 

 

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