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To mark the launch of our newest print edition, “The United States at 250: Institutions, Alliances, and the Future of World Order,” this special extended companion episode of The Looking Glass brings the pages of the journal directly to your ears. 

As the United States approaches its semiquincentennial, we invite the issue’s featured authors to provide reflections on their research, arguments, and strategic policy takeaways. From the historical parallels of international interventions and shifts in grand strategy to global democracy support, state fragility, and the rise of middle powers, hear firsthand from leading practitioners and scholars on the forces remaking world order. 

Featured Contributors:

• U.S. Senator Ben Cardin – The Future of US International Engagement
• Dr. Jacqueline Mazza – The US Operation to Capture Nicolas Maduro: Revisiting Historic Parallels
• Eamon Burke & Jonathan Quintyne – Big Bets and Diminishing Returns: Institutional Grounding and the Decline of American Grand Strategy
• Alexandria Virginski – Immigration Law and the Politics of Statecraft
• Larry Garber & Dr. Edward McMahon – Assessing the Evolution of United States Government Supported Democracy Programming: Past and Future
• Friedrich Conradi – Chasing Hares: On the Failure of States in an Age of Transnational Crisis
• Ambassador Shirin Tahir-Kheli – A Disengaged United States at 250: The Rise of Middle Powers

To read the full articles and support the journal, purchase the print edition through Johns Hopkins University Press: https://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/sais-review-international-affairs

Hosted and produced by Ayesha Jilani 

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A special mini-episode of The Looking Glass featuring H.E. Omran Sharaf, UAE Assistant Foreign Minister for Advanced Science and Technology and former Chair of UN COPUOS.

Following his recent appearance at Johns Hopkins SAIS, Minister Sharaf sits down with Aaryaman Shah for a brief conversation on UAE tech statecraft, middle-power strategy amid US–China tech friction, and the future of international space governance.

We extend our sincere gratitude to His Excellency and his team for joining the SAIS Review for this special edition.

Produced by: Ayesha Jilani

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The Pakistan–Afghanistan border clashes in October 2025 were the latest eruption of a deeper historical fault line at the Durand Line. The roots trace to decades of mistrust, migration, and geopolitics. This episode hopes to explore how the Durand line continues to fuel tensions and how ordinary people (especially near the border) bear the brunt of the security crackdowns and deportations, and how external involvement, both past and present, has shaped the relationship of the two neighbors and reshaped broader geopolitics in South Asia. To help us understand the legacy of this border is Zahid Hussain.

Zahid Hussain is an award-winning journalist and author known for his extensive reporting on Pakistan and Afghanistan. He has served as a correspondent for The Times of London and The Wall Street Journal, and has written for Newsweek, the Associated Press, and The Economist. A former senior editor at Newsline, he is now a regular columnist for Dawn, Pakistan’s largest english newspaper

He has been the Pakistan Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C., and a visiting fellow at both Wolfson College, Cambridge, and the Stimson Center.

He is the author of three books, including Frontline Pakistan, named The Wall Street Journal’s Book of the Year, and his latest, No Win War.

Hosts: Ayesha Jilani and Jiwon Lim

Produced by Ayesha Jilani

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Peru’s 2026 election season is occurring amid a deepening crisis of political legitimacy. Public confidence in Congress has collapsed to some of the lowest levels in the Western Hemisphere, and Peruvians increasingly doubt whether their institutions can deliver stability, security, and responsive governance. Adding to this political unease, Keiko Fujimori, a polarizing figure and leader of the right‑wing Popular Force party, has launched a renewed presidential bid despite multiple corruption investigations and past electoral defeats. This context raises urgent questions about what has changed, or worsened, in Peru’s political trust since the last election cycle, what factors are driving voter decisions this time around, and how issues such as crime and insecurity are reshaping the electoral landscape. To help unpack these dynamics, we are joined by Martin Cassinelli, an assistant director at the Atlantic Council’s Latin America Center, who brings deep regional insight into Peru’s political evolution and democratic challenges.

Martin Cassinelli is an assistant director at the Atlantic Council’s Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center, where he advances the Center’s work on the region’s economic development and the Andes region. In this role, he advances the center’s work on investment and trade policy in Latin America, as well as leads the center’s work on Peru. During his time at the Atlantic Council, Cassinelli has led the Nearshoring Working Group, co-authored a report on attracting US investment to the Americas, and written several articles on Latin America’s and Peru’s economic challenges. His work has been featured in the Miami Herald, the Diplomat, the China Wire, and La Presse. Prior to joining the Atlantic Council, Cassinelli worked in cluster development projects in Peru. Cassinelli holds a master’s degree in international economics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Heidelberg.

This episode was recording on March 26th, 2026

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2026 is a decisive year for Latin American democracy, as democratic institutions across the region are being tested by public distrust and upcoming elections in Colombia, Peru and Brazil. This year, however, it happens under a very different backdrop: The U.S.’s capture of Venezuela's dictator Nicolas Maduro and Washington’s renewed desire to maintain a regional sphere of influence. These developments raise critical questions about the extent of U.S. influence over Latin America’s democratic trajectories, how US political signals affect electoral legitimacy and what this means for the future of democratic governance in the region. To discuss these issues, joining us today is Michael Shifter - former President of the Inter-American Dialogue and Professor at the Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service.

Michael Shifter is a political analyst and expert on Latin American affairs. He previously served as President of the Inter-American Dialogue, a leading think tank focused on democracy, governance, and U.S.–Latin America relations. Since 1993, Shifter has been an adjunct professor at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service, where he teaches Latin American politics. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Latin American Studies Association and is a contributing editor of Current History. He is currently a board member of InSight Crime and serves on the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch/Americas Division. His work explores the intersection of politics, foreign policy, and democratic governance, with particular attention to how domestic institutions, electoral processes, and external influences shape political outcomes across the hemisphere. Shifter’s comparative research analyzes trends in democratic backsliding, institutional consolidation, and the role of U.S. policy in shaping regional political dynamics. Widely published and frequently consulted by policymakers and media outlets, Shifter offers a nuanced perspective on the challenges and opportunities facing democracy in Latin America. 

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Welcome to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. This episode is part of our collaborative series with the Politics of Disaster class at SAIS. We explore how crises unfold at the intersection of conflict, governance, and environmental risk. My name is Andrea Majert Galera, and I am joined by my co-host Marcel Kolb. Today, we turn to the story of the FSO Safer. FSO Safer is a deteriorating oil tanker off Yemen’s coast that, for years, threatened to unleash one of the world’s largest man-made environmental disasters. The multinational effort to avert this catastrophe became a success story of cooperation amid an active war. It nevertheless raises more profound questions about responsibility, prevention, and the governance of high-risk infrastructure in conflict zones. Joining us today on the podcast is Nicholas Brumfield. 

Nicholas Brumfield graduated with an MA in Arab Studies from Georgetown University and has worked since 2018 as a researcher on Middle East politics and security. He has specifically developed an interest in maritime security. His analysis can be seen in publications including Al-Jazeera, the Daily Beast, the Foreign Policy Research Institute, Amwaj Media, and L'Orient L'Jour. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. This is a collaborative mini-series between the Looking Glass and the Politics of Disaster course at SAIS. My name is Nicole Ward and I am joined by my co-host Mira Tarabeine. Today’s episode explores how art, design, and public space shape the way societies rebuild after conflict. To frame our discussion, we focus on Burj El Murr, an unfinished skyscraper in Beirut. Originally envisioned as a symbol of modern architectural ambition, it became a site marked by violence and trauma during the Lebanese Civil War. Decades later, the tower has been reimagined as a venue for design installations that confront themes of war, collective memory, and urban resilience. To help us better understand how war-torn spaces can be transformed into platforms for healing and dialogue, we welcome Mr. Tarek Mahmoud.

Tarek Mahmoud is a design engineer based in Milan. Growing up between France and Lebanon, Tarek became interested in investigating how designers can intervene in contexts of war.  Our conversation with him today will focus on how design interventions can shape war-torn spaces. Last October, Tarek was one of the curators, along side of an exhibition hosted inside Burj El Murr. We hope you enjoy this episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review's The Looking Glass Podcast. We’re your hosts, Maya Martin and Luc van der Linden. In this podcast, we’re unpacking the protection of cultural heritage in Diyarbakir, Turkey, and its recovery since the 2015 Kurdish insurrection. Diyarbakir is considered the unofficial capital of the Kurdish community in south-eastern Turkey. The historic heart of the city is the old town of Sur. There, one can find the UNESCO World Heritage sites of the imposing Diyarbakir walls and the lush Hevsel Gardens. However, many of the cities historical sites were unfortunately damaged between July 2015 and March 2016 during the Kurdish insurrection. In the aftermath, Turkish efforts to rebuild the urban areas of Sur threatened Diyarbakir’s heritage, and the Kurdish communities that reside in the ancient city. Here to help us unpack the cultural heritage recovery of Diyarbakir is Dr. Ronay Bakan.

Dr. Ronay Bakan is a Max Weber Postdoctoral Fellow at the European University Institute with a research focus on political violence and the urban spatiality of everyday warfare. By the time she earned her Ph.D. in Political Science from Johns Hopkins University, she was already equipped with bachelor's and master's degrees in political science and international relations from Boğaziçi (Bo-ah-zichi) University in Turkey. Dr. Bakan leverages her extensive academic background to use ethnographic methods to investigate Kurdish politics within Southwest Asia and North Africa. In her writing, she examines why and how states use, and sometimes weaponize, urban development and heritage tourism as tools in counterinsurgency strategies. 

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review's The Looking Glass Podcast. We are your hosts Duru Dogan and Isabella Manzione. With natural disasters becoming more frequent, resilience and recovery have moved to the center of global conversations on human security. These events have sparked important discussions about community preparedness, government responsibility, and what it truly means to build back better. Today, we’re joined by Dr. Alexander Fekete to explore how the regions affected by the 2024 Spanish floods have navigated their recovery and strengthened their long-term resilience.

Dr. Alexander Fekete is a Full Professor at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection. His expertise is in Risk Management, Crisis Management, Natural Hazards, Climate Change Impacts, Disaster Preparedness, and Societal Resilience. He has over 250 publications pertaining to these fields. Recently, he co-hosted a webinar on the topic of  “Societal resilience and infrastructure – who is forgotten in post-disaster recovery.” We’re very excited to be joined by him today and hope you enjoy today’s episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

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Welcome back to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. We’re your hosts Aaryaman Shah and Jiwon Lim. On May 15, al-Qaeda affiliated militants claimed to kill 200 soldiers during an attack on an army base in Djibo, a village in northern Burkina Faso. This attack is emblematic of the extent to which violent extremism has found a foothold in the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid land straddling the Sahara and coastal West Africa. There are several reasons for the emergence and sustenance of this extremist violence, including free access to weapons, political instability and longstanding ethnic rivalries. Here to help us make sense of violence in the Sahel is Dr Alexander Thurston. 

Dr. Alexander Thurston is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Cincinnati. He is a scholar whose work specializes in the intersection of Islam and politics. Dr. Thurston is the author of a blog, Sawahil, on issues across West Africa, MENA, Islam and Politics. His work has been featured in prominent academic journals, including Journal of the American Academy of Religion, African Affairs, Islamic Law & Society. He has also written reports and articles for the Brookings Institution, the Carnegie Endowment, the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and more. He is also the author of Salafism in Nigeria: Islam, Preaching, and Politics and Boko Haram: The History of an African Jihadist Movement. I hope you enjoy this episode of the looking glass podcast. 

Hosts: Aaryaman Shah and Jiwon Lim

Produced by Jiwon Lim

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Last month, Japan set history by electing their first female prime minister: Takaichi Sanae. In this victory, she must be ready to face old and new issues, ranging from domestic political and social instability to international tariffs. To discuss who Takaichi is, her platforms, and how she will navigate the ever changing international field, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Sheila Smith.

Dr. Sheila Smith is the John E. Merow senior fellow for Asia-Pacific studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. She is an expert on Japanese politics and foreign policy, and the author of multiple books including “Japan Rearmed: The Politics of Military Power” and “Japan's New Politics and the U.S.-Japan Alliance”. Dr. Smith is chair of the Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission and the U.S. advisor to the U.S.-Japan Conference on Cultural and Educational Interchange, a bi-national advisory panel of government officials and private-sector members. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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Situated at the intersection of the Arab world, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southern Europe, Egypt remains a pivotal actor in the evolving geopolitics of the Middle East and North Africa. Under the leadership of President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, the Egyptian state has embarked on a sweeping agenda of transformation—redefining its political economy, reasserting its regional role, and confronting a host of domestic and international pressures.

This miniseries aims to move beyond conventional narratives to provide a rigorous, multidisciplinary examination of contemporary Egypt. Through a series of in-depth conversations and analyses, The Looking Glass interrogates the logics, trade-offs, and long-term implications of the choices shaping Egypt’s present and future.

In this final episode, we will dive into the dispute over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, an Ethiopian megaproject that has upended relations between Egypt and Ethiopia. The Nile River is shared by over 11 countries, and Ethiopia seeks to use its waters to increase its electricity production. While this seeks to improve Ethiopia’s development, Egypt fears it would bring negative consequences down river, including negative impacts to its water supply. We will discuss this issue in debt, as well as Egypt’s water security in general, which has proven to be a key issue in the country.

To discuss, we are honored to host Mr. John Mukum Mbaku, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, who works on the Africa Growth Initiative.

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. I am your host Davide Donald. On today’s episode we are going to be talking about disaster management in Turkey. Istanbul lies at the heart of the Eurasian and Anatolian tectonic plate fault lines. The prospect of another major earthquake hitting the city of over 16 million people is a question of when, not if. The 6.2 magnitude earthquake that hit Istanbul a few weeks ago on April 23rd–which luckily resulted in only injuries and minor building damage–was a reminder of just how imminent a major quake could be. To discuss the government’s current preparedness and management approach, and the possible consequences of when an earthquake strikes Istanbul in the future, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Lisel Hintz.

Lisel Hintz is an Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Her research explores how identity struggles interact with domestic politics and foreign policy, focusing on Turkey and its neighboring regions. Drawing on fieldwork and a diverse range of sources, including pop culture and social media, Dr Hintz brings unique insights into how state-society relations evolve in times of crisis. She is a frequent commentator in outlets like Foreign Policy and The Washington Post, and we are eager to have her join us today to discuss the political and societal dimensions of disaster response in Turkey. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

Host: Davide Donald

Additional Editors: Sloan Askins, Sophie Haas-Goldberg, Juliette Legein, Magdalena Paddock

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Nuclear catastrophes like Chernobyl and Fukushima serve as a stark reminder of the risks that come with harnessing atomic energy — we hear about the evacuations, the health impacts, the geopolitical consequences. But what about the landscapes left behind? What happens to plants, animals, and entire ecosystems when exposed to high levels of radiation over days, months, or even years? To help us unpack these questions, we're joined by Dr. Timothy Mousseau.

Dr. Timothy Mousseau is an evolutionary biologist and leading expert on the effects of radiation on wildlife in Chernobyl and Fukushima. He was the first U.S.-based biologist to begin research in Fukushima, starting in July 2011, and his pioneering work in Chernobyl has revealed a wide range of radiation-related impacts on organisms—shifting how we understand the vulnerability of natural populations to environmental contaminants. Most recently, his research has expanded to explore the effects of cosmic radiation in space. With years of fieldwork across continents, Dr. Mousseau’s findings have offered critical insights and sparked ongoing debate within the field of radioecology. Let’s explore what nuclear fallout really means for the natural world — and why this research matters now more than ever. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

Hosts: Meya Lee and Matthew Dowden

Additional Editor: Jacob Wright

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Welcome back, everyone, to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. We are your hosts, Nassim Ali Ahmad and Rachel Fink. As the world confronts new and novel future crises, among the most concerning will be environmental challenges, driven in many places by the sheer scarcity of water. One answer to that dilemma comes from geoengineering, or the shaping of the environment through technological feats like cloud seeding. To discuss what cloud seeding is, why it has become controversial, and its implications for some of the world’s driest regions, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. James Fleming.

Dr. James Fleming is the Charles A. Dana Professor of Science, Technology and Society, Emeritus at Colby College. His research focuses on the history of weather, climate, technology, and the environment. Of particular relevance to today's topic, his book, "Fixing the Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control" addresses the promise and potential pitfalls of cloud seeding. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

Hosts: Nassim Ali Ahmad and Rachel Fink

Additional Editors: Gabriel Davis and Sara Sylvan

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Hello and welcome to today’s episode of the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. We are your hosts Talita Fernandes and Hantong Wu.  Natural disaster relief can pose many challenges, and we have seen that they are only exacerbated by domestic conflict in the area.  Since 2021, when the military deposed the democratically elected government, Myanmar has been in a brutal civil war.  In the midst of this conflict, a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar on March 28, complicating the relief efforts and pushing the casualties higher. To discuss the challenges a conflict-ridden area faces when natural disaster strikes, along with the particular implications for Myanmar and its latest disaster, today on the podcast, we are joined by Professor Gregory Gottlieb.

Professor Gregory Gottlieb is an expert on humanitarian aid in conflict areas.  He formerly served as the director at the Feinstein International Center at Tufts University and as Acting Assistant Administrator at the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).  In particular, he extensively participated in the US response to the 2008 Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, where ultimately, US humanitarian assistance was denied. Following the disaster, he testified on the Death, Displacement, and Humanitarian Aid to Myanmar in the House Foreign Affairs Committee. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

Hosts: Talita Fernandes and Hantong Wu

Additional Editors: Fauvé Liggans-Hubbard and Nourane Awadallah

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The March 2025 oil spill in Ecuador’s Esmeraldas province is one of the country’s worst recent environmental disasters. Over 25,000 barrels of crude oil leaked from the SOTE pipeline, contaminating rivers, farmland, and coastal mangroves. This spill destroyed local biodiversity, poisoned water supplies, and disrupted the lives of more than half a million people, including Indigenous and rural communities, highlighting the urgent need for environmental justice and stronger protections for Ecuador’s people and ecosystems. To discuss these topics, joining us today is Mr. Paul Paz y Miño.

BPaul Paz y Miño is a human rights and environmental justice advocate, currently serving as Deputy Director of Amazon Watch, where he has been since 2007. Since 1995, he has volunteered as the Colombia Country Specialist for Amnesty International USA, monitoring human rights conditions and organizing campaign activities. He previously directed community development and human rights programs with indigenous communities in Chiapas, Mexico, and Guatemala as Program Director at the Seva Foundation. He has also served as an Associate Fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies and has been involved with organizations such as Peace Brigades International USA and the Oil and Gas Action Network. Paz y Miño has lived and worked in Ecuador, Mexico, and the United States, and is recognized for his advocacy on behalf of indigenous rights and environmental protection in the Amazon. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

Hosts: Max Shannon and Khadija Taufiq

Additional Editors: Yan Shen

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. We are your hosts, Nadia Sleiman and Amber Escudero-Kontostathis. Today, we are diving into the critical topic of disaster capitalism in Lebanon amidst its ongoing financial crisis. As Lebanon grapples with currency collapse, inflation, and government paralysis, important questions arise about how these conditions have been exploited economically and politically. To help us unpack the systemic vulnerabilities, the role of elites, and the international dynamics shaping Lebanon’s recovery efforts, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Hicham Saffadeine.

Dr. Hicham Safieddine is Canada Research Chair in the History of the Modern Middle East and Associate Professor of History at the University of British Columbia. He is a scholar of financial systems, political economy and intellectual history (19th and 20th centuries) with an emphasis on the Middle  East and North Africa region. He is author of Banking on the State: The Financial Foundations of Lebanon (SUP, 2019), editor of Arab Marxism and National Liberation: Selected Writings of Mahdi Amel (Brill, 2020), and co-editor of The Clarion of Syria: A Patriot’s Call against the Civil War of 1860 (CUP, 2019). In addition to his academic research and teaching, he is the co-founder of e-zines Al-Akhbar English and The Legal Agenda’s English Edition. His press writings have appeared in The Toronto Star, Al-Jazeera English, The Monthly Review, Le Monde Diplomatique, Al-Adaab, Middle East Eye, Egypt Independent, Assafir, al-Akhbar, Jadaliyya, and Al-Ahram Weekly. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast

Hosts: Nadia Sleiman and Amber Escudero-Kontostathis

Additional Editors: Joveria Javed

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Since 2022, the global media has heavily concentrated on two major conflicts—the Russia-Ukraine War and the conflict in Gaza. While these wars have significant implications, this narrow focus often obscures other conflicts that continue to shape international security, governance, and regional stability. On our Forgotten Wars series, to discuss Burma’s domestic conflict, from the 2021 coup and the failure of the military to consolidate power, the current resistance groups and opposition in 2025, and attempts for brokering peace, joining us on the podcast today is Billy Ford. 

Billy Ford is a peacebuilding and governance specialist affiliated with the Southeast Asia Peace Institute with 13 years of experience working on Burma. Most recently, Billy served as Burma Program Officer at the U.S. Institute of Peace, where his work focused on conflict governance, intra-resistance peacebuilding, and military defection. He worked at USIP for 6 years after having held positions with The Asia Foundation, Freedom House, and numerous Burmese organizations. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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From the heart of the Arab world to the crossroads of Africa and Europe, Egypt stands at the center of some of today’s most complex and consequential shifts. Under the leadership of President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, the country has undergone profound transformations—economic, political, and social. In this mini series, we step behind the headlines and take a closer look at Egypt’s evolving role on the global stage. We explore the choices it’s making, the pressures it’s facing, and how these forces are shaping its future. Over five episodes, The Looking Glass will offer an in-depth look into the architecture of modern Egypt under Sisi. 

In Episode 1, we unpack Egypt’s geopolitical landscape—how its strategic location has made it both a bridge and a buffer zone in a region gripped by conflict. We examine the ripple effects of the war on Gaza, the growing insecurity across the region, and how decades of instability have indirectly weighed on Egypt’s economy, governance, and global position. 

To explore these issues in depth, we are joined by Dr. Abdallah Al Dardari, the United Nations Assistant Secretary General and the Director of the Regional Bureau for Arab States of the UNDP

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Welcome back to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. I’m your host Vinayak Kalra. Sanctions are a misunderstood policy tool, rooted in a complex history, deemed by some as a lever of soft power and by others as a form of deadly warfare. In the 2020s, sanctions regimes continue to be implemented and enforced as a means of exerting influence on other nations, but often yield unexpected impacts upon sanctioned societies. To help us make sense of sanctions and the broader world of economic warfare, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Narges Bajoghli. 

Dr. Narges Bajoghli is a Media Anthropologist focusing on the Middle East at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. She is a scholar, public intellectual, and award-winning author whose work explores the intersections of media, power, and resistance in global politics. Narges’ work has been featured in prominent outlets, including Foreign Affairs, The New York Times, and Vanity Fair. She is the director of the film, The Skin That Burns, on survivors of chemical warfare, and her graphic novella, Sanctioned Lives, visually captures the everyday realities of life under sanctions. Most recently, Narges along with Vali Nasr, Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, and Ali Vaez, wrote the book, “How Sanctions Work: Iran and the Impact of Economic Warfare,” a critically acclaimed, ground-up look, at the human impact of sanctions. 

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. I am your host Jiwon Lim. Since 2022, the global media has heavily concentrated on two major conflicts—the Russia-Ukraine War and the conflict in Gaza. While these wars have significant implications, this narrow focus often obscures other conflicts that continue to shape international security, governance, and regional stability. On our Forgotten Wars series, to spotlight the conflict in Sudan since the 2023 civil war, what has changed since then, the international reaction and interference in its developments joining us on the podcast today is Mr. Ahmed Kodouda.

Ahmed Kodouda is a policy, advocacy, and governance specialist with an extensive background in conflict and post conflict settings. Between 2019 and 2021, he served as an advisor to the civilian-led transitional government in Sudan. He has over 15 years of experience working with, and consulting for, governmental, national and international non-governmental organizations in the US, Africa and the Middle East. His peer reviewed publications have appeared in the Journal of Democracy, World Development, and Demography, and his other writing and commentary have been showcased on Foreign Affairs and The Washington Post, among others. He was awarded fellowships from The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the American Political Science Association. We hope you enjoy this episode of the Looking Glass Podcast.

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Welcome back everybody to the SAIS Review’s The Looking Glass Podcast. I’m your host Jiwon Lim.  From phishing emails to ransomware, cyberattacks may be a daily part of your and other people’s lives. However, when these attacks target not just your inbox but a whole industry, the conversation gets complicated. To discuss the actors and goals behind cyberattacks on critical infrastructure, their methods, and where we may be headed in the future of cyber attacks and defending against them is Dr. Jim Jones.

Dr. Jim Jones has been a cyber security and digital forensics practitioner, researcher, and educator for over 30 years in industry, government, and academia. Jim, his colleagues, and his students spend their days and nights examining digital systems of all types to understand how data persists and decays on these systems, and how such behavior and data can be used, manipulated, and verified to find malware infections and compromised systems, detect system and device misuse, link disparate devices and entities, effect and detect deception activities, and recover lost data. Past and current funded research sponsors include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the United States Department of Defense (DoD). We hope you enjoy this episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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Welcome back everybody to "The Libya Chronicles" the first series of the Maghreb Voices Mini Series, a special co-production of The North Africa Initiative and the SAIS Review Looking Glass Podcast. This series delves into the rich and tumultuous history of Libya, a land of ancient kingdoms, vast natural resources, and a complex political landscape. To discuss the transformation of Libyan society under Gaddafi and the following social and economic developments domestically and globally, joining us on the episode: A Nation in Flux is Stephanie Williams.

Stephanie Williams is a nonresident senior fellow in the Brookings Center for Middle East Policy, having recently served as special adviser on Libya to the United Nations secretary-general. Her research includes examining international mediation efforts in an era of global disorder and conflict resolution in failed states with a publication titled “Libya since Gaddafi” scheduled for April this year. She previously served as the acting special representative of the secretary general for Libya and head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya and before that, as the deputy special representative of the secretary general for Libya. She served in the U.S. Foreign Service for over 24 years, with a career focus on the Middle East region. She served in policy positions in the Near Eastern Affairs Bureau and was the recipient of several Superior Honor Awards during her tenure in the U.S. Department of State. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of “The Looking Glass Podcast”

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Facing the intangible nature of AI, its on the ground consequences can seem out of reach at the best of times. To shine light on the environmental aspect of the trade-offs and approaches towards environmental sustainability and AI joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Benjamin Lee.

Dr. Benjamin Lee is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering and the Department of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also a visiting researcher at Google in the Global Infrastructure Group. Dr. Lee's research focuses on computer architecture, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. He builds interdisciplinary links to machine learning and algorithmic economics to better design and manage computer systems. He has held visiting research positions at Meta AI, formerly Facebook AI Research, at Microsoft Research, at Intel Corporation, and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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As the breadth and depth of AI applications grow, so do concerns regarding its development and functioning. To discuss the historical cases of compliance failure in the tech industry, how the AI ecosystem can better prepare to comply with the best practices, and the norms and principles to avoid similar risks in the future, joining us today on the podcast is Mariami Tkeshelashvili.

Mariami Tkeshelashvili is a Senior Associate for Artificial Intelligence Security Policy at the Institute for Security and Technology (IST) where she leads AI Foundation Model Access Initiative and works on other projects within IST related to AI/Cyber and geopolitics of technology. Mariami was also a Fellow at Johns Hopkins University Emerging Technologies Initiative, where she explored transformative technologies like AI, biotech and quantum, and their profound implications for global affairs. Her recent publication includes the IST AI Compliance paper which came out December 11th.

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AI and semiconductors have been at the forefront of recent domestic and foreign policy conversations, yielding questions around national security and supply chains. To discuss what AI chips are, the national security risks associated with them, and the US position in the global market for AI chips, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Melissa K. Griffith.

Dr. Melissa K. Griffith is a Lecturer in Technology and National Security at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies with the Alperovitch Institute for Cybersecurity Studies and a Non-Resident Research Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity. She works at the intersection between technology and national security, specializing in cybersecurity, semiconductors, and AI with a focus on national risk and resilience models. 

Prior to joining Johns Hopkins SAIS, Dr. Griffith was the Director of Emerging Technology and National Security and a Senior Program Associate with the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Science and Technology Innovation Program, a Pre-Doctoral Fellow at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, and a Visiting Scholar at George Washington University's Institute for International Science and Technology Policy. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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As we face the 2024 presidential elections, the possibilities of influence operations and disinformation in the media and public’s perceptions remain an ever increasing fear. To delve into what influence operations are and its developments since the 2020 elections, what and where our biggest threats lie, and how much impact these operations really have on the elections joining us on the podcast today is Gavin Wilde.

Gavin Wilde is a nonresident fellow in the Technology and International Affairs Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he applies his expertise on Russia and information warfare to examine the strategic challenges posed by cyber and influence operations, propaganda, and emerging technologies. Prior to joining Carnegie, Wilde served on the National Security Council as director for Russia, Baltic, and Caucasus affairs. He is a nonresident fellow at Defense Priorities and an adjunct professor at the Alperovitch Institute for Cybersecurity Studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. We hope you enjoy this episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

Disclaimer: This episode was recorded in October 2024

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As new technologies emerge, space operations and infrastructure have become critical to U.S. national security and economy. To understand the ongoing discussion on what the current status is on space technology and infrastructure, developing space policy communities, and the security issues that follow, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Gregory Falco.

Dr. Gregory Falco is an Assistant Professor at the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and the Systems Engineering Program at Cornell University. He is the director of the Aerospace ADVERSARY Laboratory, which designs and develops next-generation autonomous, secure and resilient space infrastructure. His space technology research is policy-relevant and advances standards and national security conversations relating to space supremacy and cybersecurity. He consults for a range of big technology companies, space systems and defense contractors including Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory. Prior to completing his PhD, he was an executive at Accenture. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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The Sudan Civil war has brought about the current largest famine and displacement crisis in the world, bringing with it questions around aid and international attention. To discuss the status of the conflict, the famine crisis and why it continues, and possible international actions that could be taken, joining us on the podcast today is Dan Sullivan.

Dan Sullivan is the director for Africa, Asia, and the Middle East at Refugees International. Dan focuses on Myanmar, Sudan, South Sudan, and other areas affected by mass displacement. He has more than 15 years of human rights and foreign policy experience having worked for many high-level organizations, including the Albright Stonebridge Group, where he assisted former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in her role as co-chair of the Genocide Prevention Task Force. 

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The rise of AI and its use in private and public sectors has highlighted the need for AI regulations and have sparked debates on its contents globally. To understand the ongoing debates around what exactly the technology is, the pros and cons of adopting AI, and the current and future regulatory environment for an ethical AI, joining us on the podcast today is Dr. Monica Lopez-Gonzalez.

Dr. Lopez is the Co-Founder and CEO of Cognitive Insights for Artificial Intelligence advising on AI risk management, governance and compliance across various industries. In those roles she advanced novel ethical and human-centered projects and policy initiatives across the AI lifecycle, advising partners in healthcare/biotechnology, autonomous vehicles, and cybersecurity. Recent accolades include being named one of 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics 2023 and receiving a research award from Arizona State University Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law’s Center for Law, Science and Innovation to propose soft law solutions for AI in healthcare. We hope you enjoy today’s episode of The Looking Glass Podcast.

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For our 4th episode, we are joined by Vilas Dhar, President of the Patrick J. Mcgovern Foundation, AI ethicist, and appointee ​​to the UN High-Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence. 

This week, it’s all about the need to support technology creation that is fair and equitable through public and third-sector efforts. 

This week we are learning : 

• Importance of curiosity and life-long learning 
• Need for more involvement of the public sector in constructing technology 
• Ability to go beyond actor-limited thinking when it comes to regulation
• Ways to hone foundations and nonprofit participation in AI creation and regulation 

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On the 3rd episode of this series, we are joined by Ronaldo Lemos - co-founder of the Brazilian Internet Bill of Rights and the National IoT Plan. Founder of the Institute for Technology of Rio de Janeiro, he is also a professor at Schwarzman College in Beijing, at Columbia University and still a lawyer. This week it’s all about how we need to build competitiveness and have different national regulations that fit what each country wants out of technology. 

This week we are learning : 

• To follow our passions (music !) 
• How technology really is for people who want to understand humansg i
• The necessity to produce indigenous technology 
• The need to fight the one size fits all model and have differentiated regulations 
• The growmportance of competitiveness and fostering national industries 
• Digital public infrastructure’s state of the art 
• Working for the greater good and fostering techno diversity 

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This week’s episode, Mathilde is hosting Sabhanaz Diya, the founder of Tech Global Institute as well as a senior fellow for the Center for International Governance Innovation. Whilst working for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as for Meta as the Head for Bangladesh, she developed expertise at the intersection between advocacy and implementation - working to bridge the gaps in communities’ exposure in policy making. 

We are learning about : 

• Early role of journalism in her career 
• Impact driven career - from local to upstream policy making
• How to create more exposure for ‘so-called Global South’ Voices 
• Revolving door phenomenon - how to create more link between private and public sectors
• Finding purpose whilst advocating for greater exposure 

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Across the dunes of time, the winds of change have often reshaped nations. Welcome to "The Looking Glass." I'm Kosi Ogbuli, your guide through the intricate maze of history and politics. Today, we step back into 1969, when a young Muammar Gaddafi changed Libya forever. This is Episode 2: "The Winds of Change."

Dirk Vandewalle, a renowned expert from Dartmouth College with extensive knowledge in US-Libya relations, joins us to unravel the complexities of this era. Professor Vandewalle, we are honored to have you here.

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Welcome on Talos, a new podcast in partnership with The Looking Glass. My name is Mathilde Barge and I will be taking you on a journey across different technology policy profiles, asking real questions about what it entails, what we can do about it, and how it is evolving. 

This week’s episode,I had the pleasure of talking with Eleonore Fournier Tombs, Head of Anticipatory Action and Innovation at United Nations University, about the potential role the UN can take as a new body for a global governance of Artificial Intelligence. She is also a professor, lead researcher for multiple projects across the UN System as well as a writer.

Keep plugged in for next week’s episode and stay curious ! 

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Welcome to "The Looking Glass," the show where we reflect on the stories that shape our world. I’m Kosi Ogbuli, and in this inaugural episode of this mini-series, we journey back to the early 20th century to witness the birth of a nation - Libya. It's a tale of independence, monarchy, and the shaping of a country's identity amid the waves of change sweeping through Africa and the Middle East.

We are joined by Hafed Al Ghwell, a respected voice on North African affairs and the Executive Director of the North Africa Initiative at the SAIS Foreign Policy Institute, to explore this pivotal period.

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Renowned historian, intellectual, and journalist Vijay Prashad joins the pod to discuss how the political left sees the year ahead.

Vijay Prashad is an Indian historian and journalist. Prashad is the author of forty books, including Washington Bullets, Red Star Over the Third World, The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World and The Poorer Nations: A Possible History of the Global South. His latest book, The Withdrawal: Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and the Fragility of U.S. Power (2022), was written with Noam Chomsky.

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Jason Terry (He/Him), Director of Strategic Programs at UNRWA USA,  joins the pod to discuss the harrowing situation unfolding in Gaza.

 

Things will have changed by the time you have listened to this episode. 

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Today, we're exploring the critical role of the World Bank Inspection Panel in protecting livelihoods through its 30 years of operations. We'll be discussing the insights and experiences gained from various inspection cases, particularly focusing on a recent investigation in Togo, West Africa."

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Today, we're joined by two experts: Laura Sanders from Cetus Global and Dougoukolu Alpha Oumar, a geopolitics analyst, clinical psychologist, and a  SAIS alum and someone who can speak truth to power regarding Fulani communities across West Africa. "Don't Call it a Farmer Herder Conflict."

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Dr. Marsha A. Echols is the Director of The World Food Law Institute and a Professor at Howard University School of Law, where she teaches commercial, international business and trade, and world food law. She is a recognized expert in the fields of international food regulation, international trade and dispute settlement. 

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The politics of disaster series continues with a dive into the devastating environmental and human rights abuses perpetrated by the Royal Dutch Shell oil company in the Niger Delta region. 

For decades, the local communities have suffered from massive oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation, leading to loss of livelihoods, contaminated water, and severe health impacts.

Despite ongoing legal battles and international pressure, Shell continues to avoid accountability, highlighting the need for a global response to corporate environmental negligence.

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In a special series, The Looking Glass and The Politics of Disaster Podcast will explore powerful stories at the intersection of policy and climate disaster.

This episode explores the Lingering Impact of Deepwater Horizon.

On the mic are:

Jeffrey Gorham (MAIR ‘24/narrator), Rowan Humphries (MAIR ‘24/interviewed Ben Casselman), and Nathan Felmus (BA/MAIR ’24/interviewed Allen Lindsay Jr.)

This episode was produced by Kosi Ogbuli.

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Back in March, we had the pleasure of Speaking with Charles Dunst about his new book,  Defeating the Dictators: How Democracy Can Prevail in the Age of the Strongman.

In a world where democracy is in decline and autocracy is on the rise, Dunst argues autocracy is not the solution despite being an attractive alternative for those disillusioned with current democratic institutions. He argues that the only way to defeat dictators is to have better democracy. 

We cover his life, his book, and his fandom for New York sports teams on this episode of The Looking Glass.

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Digital authoritarianism is a wide-ranging and, at times, difficult-to-define area of international security analysis. To help us tease out some key terms and analytical frameworks in this ever-evolving domain, we brought on international security expert and analyst Mr. Erol Yayboke, Director of the Project on Fragility and Mobility and Senior Fellow for the International Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). 

In 2020, Mr. Yayboke and Deputy Assistant Samuel Brannen of the U.S. Department of Defense jointly published a CSIS brief, “Promote and Build: A Strategic Approach to Digital Authoritarianism.” The publication puts forth a useful analytical set of concepts to develop a deeper understanding of the modern landscape of digital authoritarianism as a threat to global democracies and the subversion of human rights while also highlighting some specific key actors, models, and methods of the practice, and other overlapping challenges in our rapidly digitizing world. 

You can read Mr. Yayboke and Deputy Assistant Brannen’s full CSIS brief here - 

“Promote and Build: A Strategic Approach to Digital Authoritarianism.”

Other work by Mr. Yayboke and his colleagues:


"The Real National Security Concerns over Data Localization."


"Technology as a Driver of Gender Equality and Peace."


This episode was hosted and produced by Noelle Boyd.

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At the posting of this episode —Nigeria’s tightest presidential election in a generation — Africa’s most significant democratic exercise —has yet to be decided.

However, Nigeria's political map will never be the same after this election. This phenomenon has been years in the making.

Joining us to discuss these dynamics is Ebenezer Obadare, Douglas Dillon senior fellow for Africa studies at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Before joining CFR,  Obadare was a political reporter for The News and TEMPO magazines from 1993 to 1995, and a lecturer in international relations at the Obafemi Awolowo University from 1995 to 2001. His primary areas of interest are civil society and the state, and religion and politics in Africa.

Be on the lookout for pt. 2 of this conversation!

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Perhaps the most important critique of modern international law has been the charge that it is a Eurocentric regime, which has helped to erect and defend a world of deep injustice characterized by violence, exploitation, and inequality.

To reorient the discussion on international law, this episode of The Looking Glass explores International Law and the Global South with Professor Obiora Chinedu Okafor.

Professor Okafor is the Edward B. Burling Chair in International Law and Institutions at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS).

Professor Okafor has served, since August 2017, as the UN Independent Expert on Human Rights and International Solidarity (one of the principal groups of human rights experts who advise and report annually to the UN Human Rights Council and General Assembly) and a former Chairperson of the United Nations Human Rights Council Advisory Committee (a Geneva-based committee of experts elected by the Human Rights Council to serve as its think tank and principal subsidiary organ).

This episode was produced by Kosi Ogbuli.

Articles/ Reports referenced:
Re-defining legitimate statehood: international law and state fragmentation in Africa

The third world and international order: Law, politics and globalization

Poverty, agency and resistance in the future of international law: An African perspective

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This episode of The Looking Glass follows the rise of digital authoritarianism through China’s use of technology for mass surveillance, including the use of biometrics, artificial intelligence, and big data.

We discuss the export of digital authoritarianism to other parts of the world, the role of democracies in providing a better use case of technology, and technology’s relationship with human rights. 

Joining us in this episode is Maya Wang. Maya Wang is the associate director in the Asia division at Human Rights Watch. Wang has researched and written extensively on the use of torture, arbitrary detention, human rights defenders, civil society, disability rights, and women’s rights in China. In recent years, her original research on China’s use of technology for mass surveillance, including the use of biometrics, artificial intelligence, and big data, has helped galvanize international attention on these developments in China and globally.

This episode was produced by Abena Oduro and hosted by Kosi Ogbuli.

Here are some links to reports/articles referenced in the conversation:

• Where Are the Techno-Democracies
• China’s Techno-Authoritarianism Has Gone Global

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This episode of The Looking Glass follows the rise of authoritarianism in Poland over the past forty years and considers the varied consequences; from rising tensions with the European Union, to the weaponization of conspiracy and revisionist history, to violations of human rights and threats to democracy. It considers the state of things, as well as the stakes–what it all means for Poles today and in the future. 

Joining us in this episode are Professor Charles Gati of Johns Hopkins SAIS and American University Master’s candidate Abigail Steinsieck, whose testimonies shed light on how, when, and why Poland transitioned from a paragon of a post-Soviet democracy to a semi-authoritarian state–and what may be coming next. 

This episode was produced by Mary Hopkins and Jen Roberts.

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