Welcome! This is a podcast unlike any other. We're going on a journey through the 60 years of film music written by the legendary John Williams, considered by just about everyone to be the greatest film composer in history. In this episode, host Jeff Commings begins the journey with a look back at John Williams' life before his first film assignment. Learn about John Williams' time in the Air Force, his studies at Juilliard and learning from the best in his early days in Hollywood.

Let's start this journey through the career of film composer John Williams with his first-ever score for a feature-length film. The 1959 B-movie "Daddy-O" was not the blockbuster that Williams would have hoped to have to launch his career, but it contains some good music. Host Jeff Commings examines some of the music, including some moments that hint at the greatness to come almost a decade later.

Technically, John Williams' follow-up to "None But the Brave" is a war film, as it deals with the U.S.-Soviet animosities during the Cold War, but it really is nothing more than pure slapstick comedy that stoops low but still strives to aim high. "John Goldfarb Please Come Home" takes the real-life incident of Francis Gary Powers crashing his U2 plane and makes lowbrow comedy out of it. What results is a low point in Shirley MacLaine's movie career, but a great effort by John Williams in his 10th film. The music in this film relies heavily on arranging the orchestra to create a Middle Eastern flavor, with some 60s punk sprinkled on top. Williams uses many musical styles throughout the film, from a quiet love theme to Keystone Kops-style antics. A major milestone of the film concerns the title song, which marks the first song co-written by Williams to appear in a theatrical film. Host Jeff Commings analyzes Williams' contributions to the film, and the court battle that nearly derailed the film's release.

John Williams' 100th film brought him back into the world of Indiana Jones, this time writing music for our fedora-wearing adventurer's quest to find a mythical skull that has strange powers. Joining host Jeff Commings on this episode to discuss the highs and lows of the film and score is Brian Martell, marking his fourth appearance on "The Baton." The two discuss Shia Labeouf's miscasting, Cate Blanchett's spot-on acting and the various callbacks to previous Indiana Jones scores that melded with new thematic material. It's going to be a 95-minute ride that could change your thoughts about the film!

Though John Williams didn't have a film score released in 2009 or 2010, he was working hard during that time on his next project, an animated film adaptation of the popular Tintin character, called "The Adventures of Tintin." Host Jeff Commings talks about why Williams was allowed nearly two years to write the score, as well as the other pieces of music he wrote in that timeframe. Co-host Felix Moller helps to discuss the musical themes in the film, including the ways Tintin's theme is linked to Indiana Jones' theme. But that's just one way these two movie heroes are linked, so settle in for a great analysis of this fun score!

John Williams had the opportunity to return to the English style of music he loves so much, drawing on the influences of Ralph Vaughan Williams for his score to Steven Spielberg's film "War Horse." Host Jeff Commings is joined by composer Victor Josse for this look into the stunning setpieces of the film and the music that accompanies them. That includes the moving prologue, the emotional plowing scene and the heartbreaking dash through No Man's Land. 

John Williams only worked on one film score when he turned 80 years old, collaborating once again with Steven Spielberg for "Lincoln." The film marked the 40th year of Spielberg and Williams working together, and it required Spielberg to exercise a lot of restraint in a dialogue-heavy film. Williams also shows some restraint in writing music for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, providing a noble but slightly fragile theme for the president. Host Jeff Commings also looks into the research Williams did to write music that harkened back to the 1860s, including a main theme for the film that feels like it is adapted from a pre-existing Negro spiritual.

Host Jeff Commings and co-host David Kay discuss the quiet yet personal score for "The Book Thief" in this episode. John Williams lobbied hard to be the composer for this film after reading the book and the script, and Kay believes Williams found a personal and intimate connection to the story at 81 years old. In addition to discussing the themes Williams wrote for Death and the heroine Liesel, the two chat with director Brian Percival about collaborating with John Williams. Percival relives the moment he sat in John Williams' home listening to the Maestro play themes from the score on his piano, and sitting in the middle of the recording studio as Williams conducted the studio orchestra. This is our first opportunity to hear firsthand about the director-composer relationship in this podcast, and we hope you enjoy the episode!

When the news broke that Disney would be producing a new trilogy of "Star Wars" films taking place after the events of "Return of the Jedi," the logical choice was to have John Williams return to continue his expansive space opera composition. And he returned with some new themes for "The Force Awakens" that featured a complex motif for the female hero and a theme for the villain that, not surprisingly, had a connection to Vader's theme. Host Jeff Commings is joined by Paulius Eidukas for an examination of Williams' compositional techniques for the new film, and why some music might have a connection to the Harry Potter scores.

Trombone player and music teacher Paul Wright makes his debut appearance on "The Baton" to defend the Steven Spielberg film "The BFG" and discusses with host Jeff Commings the intricate compositional technique John Williams used for this score. From creating virtuosic flute writing to reaching back to past themes to give us a buffoonish motif for the villains, the co-hosts have a blast dissecting this "blip" on John Williams' filmography, a underrated score that has many gems that you will discover in this episode.

Rian Johnson took over for J.J. Abrams as director of the second film in the "Star Wars" sequel trilogy, titled "The Last Jedi." Johnson changed the tone and direction of the sequel dramatically, and composer John Williams went along for the ride with a couple of new themes for two new characters whose music only appears in this film, for different reasons. Host Jeff Commings is joined again by Paulius Eidukas for an examination of the use of pre-existing music -- including Leia's theme in the controversial "Leia in Space" scene -- and how certain compositional techniques made Williams' Oscar-nominated score feel bold and a little daring.

In what might be their final film collaboration, Steven Spielberg and John Williams worked together to give us a score for "The Post" that doesn't go full bore with the orchestra, using instead the emotion of electronic pulses and Americana touches to convey the tension of publishing the Pentagon Papers in The Washington Post. Host Jeff Commings and co-host Paul Wright discuss the way Williams perfectly matches "the intended emotional contexts of a scene with music," resulting in an emotion from the viewer that is almost purposeful. Though we could presume that "The Post" is the final John Williams score for a Steven Spielberg film, the Maestro started a new collaboration in 2017 with violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter, writing a concerto for her that was a long time coming.

After a mind-boggling span of 42 years, John Williams closed out his involvement with the "Star Wars" film series with the score for "The Rise of Skywalker." Host Jeff Commings and cohost Paulius Eidukas talk about the missteps in director J.J. Abrams' choices visually and musically. The two talk about the four new themes that flow through the score, all four notable because they connect more to a group of people and an idea instead of one person. With the help of Eidukas on the piano, we understand how the new themes connect to previous melodies, and how the finale gave them a "shivers-up-the-spine" feeling with the music. As of this posting, "The Rise of Skywalker" is the final film in the John Williams canon after 60 years of writing the score for 109 films. It is fitting that "The Rise of Skywalker" is the final film in John Williams' career, if the Maestro has indeed retired from film scores.

Did you know that John Williams wrote music for Westerns? The first one was the James Stewart vehicle "The Rare Breed," which features a bull named Vindicator and a sort-of British accent from Maureen O'Hara. As far as the score, it features a fine theme from Williams, and some decent moments in the relatively predictable film. This was the first of five films released in 1966 that would feature a John Williams score, and despite his busy schedule, he had the time to write his first - and only - symphony. Host Jeff Commings discusses the strange history of Symphony No. 1 and the presumed reasons why Williams only had it performed twice.

This is the final episode of "The Baton: A John Williams Musical Journey," and host Jeff Commings has invited one of the premier analysts of John Williams' music to talk about his extensive catalog for the "Star Wars" and Indiana Jones films. Frank Lehman discusses the genesis of the idea to examine all of the thematic material in both film series, and breaks down two of his favorite themes from the "Star Wars" franchise. It's a fantastic discussion that closes out this extensive podcast series with an over-reaching look at the Maestro's career.

Host Jeff Commings is back on The Baton to discuss what might be the final film collaboration between director Steven Spielberg and composer John Williams. The Fabelmans is Spielberg's semiautobiographical film about his family and the beginnings of his career as a filmmaker. Though the film is 200 minutes long, there is only about 30 minutes of original music from John Williams in it. Commings details a couple of the highlight musical cues, including a now-iconic dance scene with Michelle Williams, and what Williams had been doing in the two years since finishing work on The Rise of Skywalker..

Looking for something to pass the time as you wait for episode 113 of The Baton? Since the next John Williams film score won't be released until summer 2023, there won't be a new episode of The Baton until then. But host Jeff Commings has another podcast that can help you fill the time with more Hollywood history.

This show, called The Best Song Podcast, is perfect for fans of Hollywood history, of music history, of movie songs, and movies in general. You'll go on a 92-episode journey through 90 years of the Academy Award for Best Original Song, featuring all the songs nominated for the big award from 1934 to 2023.

Chances are you'll find a new favorite movie song, or learn a bit more about one that is already near to your heart! The show is available on all podcast platforms, and new episodes are released every Monday. Enjoy the show!

The fifth Indiana Jones movie brought 79-year-old Harrison Ford back into the old fedora for another adventure involving a precious artifact that could spell doom if put into the wrong hands. Along for the ride was 91-year-old John Williams, who completed his 43-year association with Indy with a score that features callbacks to moments from previous Indiana Jones films and a lack of a major theme that had the potential to make the score a major standout. Host Jeff Commings details some of the highlights of the score on this latest episode of The Baton: A John Williams Musical Journey.

The Audrey Hepburn art caper comedy "How to Steal a Million" was a turning point in John Williams' career, at least in the eyes of the composer himself. Host Jeff Commings explains why Williams felt this was a new chapter in his professional career, and how it shaped his life going forward. The film itself was one of the biggest successes in which John Williams was able to take part, and it's in no small thanks to the main theme that's used for many different purposes.

Universal Pictures had two Westerns released in 1966. After the box office flop "The Rare Breed" came another underperformer, "The Plainsman." John Williams, nearing the end of his contract with Revue Studios, the TV arm of Universal, tackled this uneven film and produced very little score that is memorable after watching the film. Does the fault lie with Williams being overworked in 1966, or does it lie with the filmmakers not creating a film rich with inspiration for its composer? Host Jeff Commings examines some of the musical moments in the film, including some precursors to what Williams will do in the "Star Wars" films.

Natalie Wood is the star of "Penelope," but the film puts so much more focus on Edith Head's costumes that it takes away from the flimsy and uneven plot. John Williams manages to compose a very good theme for the film by way of a 60s-era song that begins his longtime collaboration with the English songwriter Leslie Bricusse. Host Jeff Commings talks about the numerous permutations of the Penelope theme in this episode, as well as the history behind the making of the film and how it affected Natalie Wood's film career.

John Williams' final film score of 1966 wasn't his best work of the year, but it does contain some decent moments, including music for a bar fight and a decent love theme. His collaboration with the Oscar-winning lyricist Johnny Mercer yielded three uninspiring songs that aren't very memorable outside the film. Though this isn't the best score Williams wrote in 1966, host Jeff Commings finds some hidden gems inside the music. We'll also take a look back at the five scores from 1966 and which one deserved the most recognition.

After composing scores to five films in 1966 -- and writing music for a failed TV sitcom -- John Williams had only three films on his plate in 1967. On the surface, they would turn out to be no different from what Williams had done previously, but they turned out to make a big impact in moving his career forward. His first film of the year, a bedroom farce starring newly-minted Oscar winner Walter Matthau, offers John Williams fans a chance to hear him compose music of numerous styles in one film. John Williams' work is the star of "Not With My Wife You Don't," especially because his music helps out in many dialogue-free scenes such as a travelogue around the globe and a silent film homage. Because the film did not do well at the box office, the score got very little notice -- until now! Enjoy this listen to an overlooked gem in the John Williams oeuvre.

During a break in recording the score for Valley of the Dolls (the subject of the next episode), John Williams decided to take on a comedy film starring Dick Van Dyke fresh off his eponymous TV show. "Fitzwilly" featured a stately comic main theme for the main character, a butler who moonlights as a thief to fund his employer's bank account. Williams also composed a decent love theme, made into a song by the soon-to-be-famous team of Alan and Marilyn Bergman. This film also marked the final time Williams would be credited as "Johnny Williams" onscreen, and his final comedy for 12 years. Host Jeff Commings analyzes the top moments in the score as we say goodbye to Williams' very impressive comedy film era.

The 1967 film "Valley of the Dolls" was, on the surface, like any other assignment John Williams had in his early film scoring career. His task was to adapt music from five original songs by Andre and Dory Previn, and put in some original music of his own. The gig turned out to be a major step forward for the Maestro, marking his first screen credit as "John Williams" since his debut as a film composer. Plenty more significance come from his work on  this film, and host Jeff Commings discusses them and takes a listen to highlights from the score in this episode.

A few years after he decided to leave a lucrative career writing music for television, John Williams returned to the small screen in 1968 with "Heidi." Though the film is infamous now for its interruption of a major professional football game, it has many great moments for Williams in terms of writing lush melodies to depict the young girl's maturation during her time in the Swiss Alps. From a smart comedic theme to a main theme so lyrical there was a song created from it, Williams' work deservedly did not go unnoticed at the time. Host Jeff Commings brings you some of the best moments from the score, including a love theme that got only one moment to shine.

The second film in John Williams' filmography is about as different from his first as you could get. The film "I Passed For White" tried very hard to be taken seriously, but is sheer melodrama in the Douglas Sirk method. The film is notable for the first thematic material John Williams has written, a lush melody for the main character. Join host Jeff Commings as he discusses this heavy-handed drama about race and personal identity.

The 1969 film "Daddy's Gone A-Hunting" should have been released as a B-movie, but with "Valley of the Dolls" director Mark Robson helming the film, it was viewed as a surefire hit. It turned out to be anything but that, though Robson tried to boost the quality of film by asking John Williams to write the score while on break from working on "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" in the summer of 1968. Williams experiments with some new instrumentation here, and host Jeff Commings walks you through these moments in a very sparse score.

Before John Williams came onboard to work on the music for "Goodbye, Mr. Chips," the film had gone through so many years of turbulence. But Williams' involvement was one of the reasons why the film turned out as well as it did, as the Maestro worked diligently to turn the serviceable Leslie Bricusse songs into lush melodies. The finished film featured very little original music written by Williams, but his work shines mostly in the orchestrations, which are superb and show the evolving genius music writer that will break through in just a few more years. Join host Jeff Commings as he details the film's backstory and the music that highlights why Williams deserved his second Academy Award nomination.

If not for some divine intervention, John Williams might not have written one note of music for "The Reivers," and he might not have become the celebrated composer he is today. Host Jeff Commings talks about the rejected score that caused director Mark Rydell to hire Williams, and how Williams was able to quickly turn out a score that perfectly encapsulates the feel of 1900s Mississippi.

The US-Italy co-production "Story of a Woman" is perceived as the Holy Grail of John Williams movies. Very few people have seen it, and many will do almost anything for a glimpse at this romantic drama made in 1968 but put into American theaters in 1970. Host Jeff Commings welcomes his first guest co-host, Gianmaria Caschetto, and the two talk about the poor quality of the filmmaking while praising John Williams for writing a score that provides some interesting musical moments. Join us for an analysis of this hard-to-find score, which was composed in Williams' downtime during Goodbye Mr. Chips.

John Williams' final television project in the 1970s teamed him with director Delbert Mann again, this time for "Jane Eyre." Williams composed this score while on a break from working on "Fiddler on the Roof," and the love Williams had (and continues to have) for all things English is on full display in the score. Peter Lloyd, the principal flute player for the London Symphony Orchestra, gets to shine as the score features plenty of flute melodies. Host Jeff Commings is joined by guest co-host Yavar Moradi, who counts "Jane Eyre" as his favorite John Williams score. Relax for a lengthy (one full hour!) conversation about the creation of the score and highlights of the music.

The 1971 film version of "Fiddler on the Roof" was a massive undertaking for John Williams as music supervisor, taking on a beloved Broadway musical that needed to be expanded for the big screen. In addition to putting some fresh touches on the songs, he also was able to compose some original music that further illustrated his talents to the world. The film marked the first time Williams worked on a big moneymaker, and he also reaped a few rewards of his own. Host Jeff Commings details some of the best musical moments in the film and analyzes how Williams kept the tone of the original music but was able to give it a bolder sound.

John Williams returned to the Old West -- and returned to working with director Mark Rydell -- for the 1972 film "The Cowboys." Once again leaning on Aaron Copland's template for Americana-tinged music, Williams employed a fun theme for the 11 boys hired to help John Wayne herd cattle across the plains. He also used a bass harmonica for the film's villain, played viciously by Bruce Dern. The score is counted as a favorite for many John Williams fans, and after learning more about the music with host Jeff Commings, you might be adding it to your top 10 list of best John Williams scores.

John Williams reteamed with Irwin Allen for the 1972 action film "The Poseidon Adventure," a risk-taker of a movie that worked out well for everyone involved and officially created the disaster-film genre. Williams does well in creating a strong opening but keeps his orchestra subdued throughout the film to keep the atmosphere of doom and gloom always present, with little sense of hope. Host Jeff Commings is on hand to detail the highlights from the score and how the film set a few precedents. Take a journey through hell -- though we promise you'll enjoy every minute of it!

We've arrived at the score in John Williams' career that sounds pretty much like nothing he had ever written -- and almost like nothing he will write as his career evolves. The collaboration with Robert Altman for "Images" began in the 1960s, when the two were toiling away in television work and Altman had the idea for the story of a schizophrenic woman. Altman allowed Williams unlimited options for his score: "The more absurd, the better," Altman said. Williams brought on celebrated percussionist Stomu Yamash'ta to play the unique instruments that would create some exciting sounds to go along with Williams' performance on the piano and a virtuoso string section. Host Jeff Commings is joined by Jens Dietrich as the two analyze this score and discuss how much improvisation was allowed in the performance.

John Williams wrapped up the year 1972 with the drama "Pete 'N' Tillie," a major departure from the other three scores he wrote for films that year. It was much quieter, focusing on a simple piano theme to serve as a quasi-love theme for the not-so-perfect-together couple of the film's title. It was also much shorter, coming in at less than 15 minutes of music in the finished film. As such, this isn't a long episode filled with a treasure trove of musical moments, but host Jeff Commings is ready to guide you through the creation of this score, and why he's not as enamored with the theme as most John Williams fans.

We've got another teenage drama for you on this episode: "Because They're Young." It's a bit more dramatic than John Williams' first foray into the teenybopper genre, Daddy-O, with Dick Clark in his first film role and some obvious attempts to mimic the more popular film The Blackboard Jungle. There are also some connections to West Side Story, both intentional and unintentional. Sit back as host Jeff Commings analyzes this bongo-heavy score for a film that might have you reliving your high school days.

John Williams' final foray into movie musicals -- aside from the scrapped idea of making "Hook" into a musical -- was 1973's "Tom Sawyer," which paired him with the successful songwriting pair of Richard and Robert Sherman. The result was a decent effort, as Williams put some strong flourishes into the songs as well as his underscore. Naturally, you'll hear touches of "The Reivers" here, but you'll also note the strong work as an orchestrator that made this musical worth watching and a joy to hear. Host Jeff Commings analyzes some strong underscore moments and how Williams was able to beef up some of the top songs in the film. This would be the first of five films with John Williams music in 1973, starting what would be an unforgettable 12 months for the Maestro.

John Williams and Robert Altman collaborated one more time, for the crime drama "The Long Goodbye." Unlike their work on "Images," Altman did not give Williams as much creative license. Williams was to use only one theme and put it through several different styles in the film. This includes using a sitar during a dance scene, guitars for visits to Mexico and even John Williams sitting at the piano for a lively rendition. He and Johnny Mercer wrote a song for the lyrics, sung mostly by Jack Sheldon, known for The Merv Griffin Show and songs from Schoolhouse Rock. Join host Jeff Commings as he examines the final collaboration between these movie icons.

"The Man Who Loved Cat Dancing featured Burt Reynolds, the number one movie star in the world, in a romantic Western action film that had troubles during shooting and in postproduction. Michel Legrand was fired three days into recording his score for the film, and John Williams was brought in as a replacement. Host Jeff Commings walks listeners through the score that returns the Maestro to Aaron Copland territory, and offers the opportunity to compare Williams' main theme music with that of Legrand's. And what does the title mean? You'll have to listen to the episode to find out!

Though "The Paper Chase" was famous mostly for the Academy Award-winning performance of John Houseman, the score by John Williams deserved some recognition at the time. Though not his best effort of 1973, Williams wrote a score that host Jeff Commings is surprised was not nominated for an Original Score Oscar. Williams composed a couple of baroque pieces to serve the "action" scenes in the film, and wrote a tender love theme to underscore the shaky on-again, off-again relationship at the heart of the story. Most John Williams fans regard this as just an average effort by Williams, but will you have the same opinion after listening to some of the musical cues from the film?

Join host Jeff Commings and guest co-host Chris Hatt as they examine the 1973 drama "Cinderella Liberty." Hatt counts this as one of his favorite John Williams scores, simply because the music exquisitely follows ordinary people in the real world. Using the piano as his guide, Hatt offers some insight into the artistry of creating music for a crucial bar scene, as well as the creation of the love theme for the prostitute played by Marsha Mason and the sailor played by James Caan. The film also marked an exciting collaboration between John Williams and lyricist Paul Williams, who wrote two original songs for the film based on themes composed for the film. Settle in for this "Wednesday Special" episode!

The first of four films in 1974 for John Williams was the little-seen drama "Conrack," which brought John Williams back to the classroom for the fourth time and reunited him with "Pete 'N' Tillie" director Martin Ritt. The film about a white teacher inspiring a group of poor black children gets a theme for Jon Voight's character, and for the children under his tutelage. Both themes get wonderful renditions in the film, and unfortunately are not able to be heard outside of the film … until now! Enjoy this opportunity to hear this score from Williams, who used some key instruments to give us the feel of rural South Carolina.

We've reached a monumental point in John Williams' film scoring career. It's the film "The Sugarland Express," the first collaboration between the Maestro and Steven Spielberg. Yes, the film should be remembered for the beginning of this partnership, but is it a good movie if you try to view it outside of the historical viewpoint? Host Jeff Commings takes us through the score to this film, which has never been officially available to listen to away from the movie. Learn about the bootleg CDs that have been released, and how a family tragedy kept Williams from enjoying the release of this film.

Very few John Williams fans put "Earthquake" in equal regard as "The Towering Inferno," the other disaster movie that Williams scored in 1974. The "Earthquake" score feels very much like "The Towering Inferno" in sound and feel, with little bombast and an opening title that suggest doom and an epic scale. There isn't much thematic material in the film, but host Jeff Commings found a quasi-motif with the villainous Jody, and looks at the poignant music composed for the end credits. There's no Sensurround in this episode, but strap in for an exciting listen to a fine entry into John Williams' disaster genre period.

John Williams closed out his stint in the disaster movie genre with a bold and effective score to "The Towering Inferno." Williams starts us off with urgent opening music, then settles down as the fire begins to spread through the 138-story title building. What also stands out is the lack of music in a 30-minute sequence where music would not have been out of place, but its omission is welcome as a setup to a powerful climax to the film. Host Jeff Commings talks about the accusations of cut-and-paste work by Williams just one month after writing the score to "Earthquake," as well as an interesting side project that has largely gone unnoticed by Williams fans.

John Williams and Clint Eastwood worked together only once, for the mountain climbing film "The Eiger Sanction." Host Jeff Commings is joined by Brian Martell, who counts this film score as his favorite pre-"Star Wars" score by Williams. The two chuckle at the outdated clichés and the obvious Bond parodies and ripoffs before lauding George Kennedy's scene-stealing performance. There's also some great music in the film, too, including an inspiring fanfare for the famous Totem Pole rock formation and some perfectly orchestrated chilling music during the icy climb of the title mountain. And if you think you had to go to great lengths to obtain a copy of that must-have John Williams album, you haven't heard Brian's journey to find this score on album in the 1980s!

John Williams' fourth film score, for the movie "The Secret Ways," does its very best to turn a very bad film into something watchable. Williams succeeds in many places, coloring in darkly-filmed scenes with violins and flutes and composing a haunting main theme for the piano and cello. Host Jeff Commings tries to explain the plot of the film while breaking down some of the score's finer moments. We'll also discuss the historic firsts John Williams experienced the same year during his work on the TV show "Checkmate."

How can two notes make people so fearful of going into the ocean? That's what John Williams did with his iconic score for the 1975 blockbuster "Jaws." Host Jeff Commings is joined by Jeff Owens to break down the elements in the main title music that make this two-note theme a masterclass of composition. They also get chills when discussing other excellent musical moments in the film, such as the first attack on the shark and the shark's attack on the cage. Rent a yellow raft and dive into this score that encompassed everything that made John Williams a good composer in his 40 previous films and will make him a superstar in the 45 years that follow.