Explorez tous les épisodes du podcast Terrible Lizards

Were pachycephalosaurs really headbutting each other? Could they have been covered in fuzzy filaments? And does the evidence for scaly skin mean that T. rex was definitely not feathered?

Youtube link: https://youtu.be/Km8CWetEnxI

In this Dinosaur Bite, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone get into the details of dinosaur skin, from the healed injuries on thick-skulled pachycephalosaurs to the mysterious patterns preserved in tyrannosaur fossils. Dave explains why what looks like a scale is not necessarily a scale, and why we still have a lot to learn about the coverings of many dinosaurs.

We also hear about the challenges of preserving delicate fossil evidence. Sometimes palaeontologists have to make difficult decisions about what to save, and occasionally that means deliberately breaking bones to get a fossil out of the ground in one piece. It's a reminder that the fossil record is shaped not only by what nature preserves, but also by what researchers can recover.

Support Terrible Lizards and get access to bonus episodes and other extra content on Patreon:
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RAWR!

Was Torosaurus REALLY a Male Triceratops? | Dinosaur Bites

Terrible Lizards Dinosaur Bites – bite-sized extracts from old episodes and live streams to keep you going.

Was Torosaurus actually just a male Triceratops? Can we tell whether pterosaurs had emotions? And could the surprisingly dexterous feet of modern birds give us clues about dinosaur behaviour?

In this Dinosaur Bite, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone tackle some wonderfully difficult questions about what we can and can't know about dinosaur behaviour and biology.

They discuss whether pterosaurs and dinosaurs had emotions. We can see emotional responses in living reptiles and birds, but how far can we push that comparison when the animals in question have been extinct for millions of years?

Is the long-running Triceratops vs Torosaurus debate. Could the two dinosaurs actually be different sexes of the same species? Dave explains why the idea is tempting, but why the fossil record makes him very sceptical — including the strange distribution of Triceratops and Torosaurus fossils and the mysterious specimen nicknamed "Tiny".

And finally, a question about foot dexterity in birds: some modern birds can use their feet almost like hands to pick up and manipulate food. Could that tell us anything about the motor skills of their dinosaur ancestors?

Plus: a five-year-old's interpretation of "Pterosaurs in Motion", some extremely determined pterosaur squawking, and Dave's hopes of one day writing a new book about pterosaurs.

Watch the video on YouTube:

Watch Terrible Lizards on YouTube https://youtu.be/2MTGkSdqSJw

Support Terrible Lizards and get bonus episodes and other extra content:

Patreon – Terrible Lizards https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

Terrible Lizards is a dinosaur podcast hosted by Iszi Lawrence and palaeontologist Dr Dave Hone.

RAWR!

Could a pair of Quetzalcoatlus really harass a T. rex away from a carcass? And did dinosaurs have forked tongues like snakes and Komodo dragons?

In this Dinosaur Bite, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone tackle both questions - starting with the Prehistoric Planet scene in which two enormous azhdarchid pterosaurs hassle a T. rex over a carcass.

Dave explains why the basic idea is perfectly plausible, drawing comparisons with modern animals such as hyenas, lions and vultures. But there's one part of the scene he isn't convinced by: with a huge carcass available, would the T. rex really bother wasting energy chasing the pterosaurs away? They then turn to the surprisingly complicated question of forked tongues. What does the fossil record tell us about dinosaur tongues? Why do snakes and some lizards have them? Could pterosaurs or marine reptiles have had them? And what can evolutionary relationships tell us when the soft tissue itself has completely disappeared?

Along the way, we get into how animals use smell, how sharks detect things in water, electroreception, and one of the fundamental problems of biology: where exactly do we draw the boundaries between species when evolution is a continuum?

Watch the video on YouTube: Watch Terrible Lizards on YouTube https://youtu.be/56vlTGVTCOY

Support Terrible Lizards and get bonus episodes and other extra content: https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

 Terrible Lizards is a dinosaur podcast hosted by Iszi Lawrence and palaeontologist Dr Dave Hone. RAWR!

What can dinosaur footprints tell us that bones can't?

n this episode of Terrible Lizards, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone talk to palaeontologist Brent Breithaupt about the science of trace fossils: the footprints, trackways, nests, bite marks and other evidence left behind by animals millions of years ago. 

You can watch the episode on youtube here: https://youtu.be/puS0gkuTCHY

Brent has spent decades studying dinosaur and pterosaur footprints, particularly in Wyoming, and was at the forefront of using photogrammetry to turn enormous fossil trackways into detailed 3D digital records. He explains how scientists can use footprints to investigate how dinosaurs moved, how fast they travelled, how large they were and even how they may have interacted with one another.

We also discuss: 

🦖 Dinosaur footprints: what they can tell us about individual animals and whole populations.

🦶 Trace fossils vs body fossils: why something an animal did can sometimes tell us more about its behaviour than its bones.

📸 Photogrammetry: how researchers went from stepladders, tripods and remote-control aircraft to modern drones and smartphones. 

🎈 The Great Dinosaur Footprint Blimp: what happens when you try to photograph a tracksite from the air and the Wyoming wind picks up.

🦅 Pterosaur footprints: why they are relatively rare and why Wyoming has some particularly important tracksites.

💃 Dinosaur courtship: the evidence for theropods making display scrapes, and what modern birds can tell us about interpreting these mysterious traces.

🔬 Being sceptical about fossil behaviour: why good palaeontology means considering alternative explanations rather than simply finding evidence that supports your favourite idea.

🦴 Brent also talks about his work on Big Al, Walking with Dinosaurs, modern emus and rheas, and his attempts to track down historic dinosaur quarries from the 19th century. And, naturally, Iszi gets Brent, Dave and herself to make their best guesses at what a dinosaur might sound like while displaying at a lek. Brent Breithaupt is a palaeontologist and ichnologist whose research has included dinosaur and pterosaur trace fossils, fossil trackways, photogrammetry and the history of dinosaur discoveries in Wyoming.

Support Terrible Lizards and get bonus episodes and other extra content: https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you enjoy the podcast, please subscribe on YouTube, follow the podcast in your favourite podcast app, leave a review and share it with another dinosaur fan.

Terrible Lizards is a dinosaur podcast hosted by Iszi Lawrence and palaeontologist Dr Dave Hone.

How did pterosaurs actually nest? Did they build colonies like seabirds, bury their soft-shelled eggs like crocodiles and turtles, or something stranger?

 In this archive extract, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone discuss pterosaur nesting behaviour, what we know about predators that might have eaten pterosaurs and their eggs, and why the fossil evidence is frustratingly limited. They also tackle what might have survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, why some small feathered dinosaurs might have been better placed to survive than larger species, and some of the most mysterious dinosaur fossils still waiting for more attention.

Plus: why Amargasaurus is such a strange sauropod, what "taphonomy" actually means, and whether the fossil record is missing tiny dinosaurs — including dinosaurs as small as hummingbirds. If you'd like to support the podcast and get bonus episodes every month, join us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards 

Watch this episode on youtube: https://youtu.be/elbP8SlWJbk

Link to youtube video: https://youtu.be/VVFicHNMxys

What happens when a palaeontologist goes back to his office and comes home with five boxes of dinosaur casts and fossils?

 In this archive extract from one of our earliest live shows, we look at the contents of Dr Dave Hone's fossil collection including a real ceratopsian skull bone, casts of tiny dinosaurs and Iszi's Lego dinosaur that turns out to be surprisingly anatomically accurate.

In this Dinosaur Bite, Dave explains how a ceratopsian's skull connects to its neck, why some fossils are particularly good for museums and outreach, and why palaeontologists have far more tiny dinosaurs than the public might expect. And just how small could an adult ceratopsian get?

If you'd like to support the podcast and get bonus episodes every month, join us on Patreon:  https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you enjoy Terrible Lizards, please like, subscribe, leave a review, and share the podcast with a fellow dinosaur fan. It really helps us keep making new episodes.

Recorded live at DinoCon 2026, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone answer audience questions covering everything from Spinosaurus and Tyrannosaurus to fossil auctions, pterosaur wings and the strangest dinosaur names imaginable.

For the free video link and options to support the podcast and get bonus episodes every month, join us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

Questions in this episode:

• Did Spinosaurus hunt by swimming like a crocodile, or stalking prey like a heron?
• If you could discover one fossil that would revolutionise our understanding of spinosaurs, what would it be?
• Is the famous Coelophysis cannibalism evidence still accepted?
• If fossils become rock, how can scientists still use chemical isotopes and other geochemical clues to study them?
• What is the one fossil each of you would most like to discover?
• Are the waffle-textured Stegosaurus plates shown in Netflix's Life on Our Planet scientifically plausible? 
• If you could visit any point in prehistory, where would you go? Has there been any progress understanding the enormous vertebrae from Zhuchengtyrannus?
• How has recognising Nanotyrannus as a separate species affected our understanding of Tyrannosaurus growth?
• What do you think about the recent paper on T. rex parental care?
• Is there any evidence that spinosaurs fought each other or other dinosaurs?
• Do we have any evidence that different dinosaur species hybridised?
• Did tyrannosaurs hunt in family groups or packs?
• Following the record-breaking sale of Gus, should fossils be protected by laws similar to archaeological treasure?
• Could high-quality 3D printing help solve the problems surrounding private fossil ownership?
• What's the current thinking on the famous sail of Ouranosaurus?
• Did pterosaurs tear their wings, and if they did, could they still fly? 
• What do the newly described sensitive snouts of spinosaurs tell us, and what do Dave and Iszi think about the latest debate over Suchomimus and Cristatusaurus? 

Plus, Dave reveals the fossil he'd most love to discover, Iszi campaigns for giant prehistoric frogs, and the audience helps bring the episode to a suitably noisy dinosaur conclusion. 

If you enjoy Terrible Lizards, please like, subscribe, leave a review, and share the podcast with a fellow dinosaur fan as it really helps us keep making new episodes.

In this bite from an old live stream, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone discuss why claims of the "largest dinosaur ever" are much harder to prove than the headlines suggest. They explore how palaeontologists estimate the size of enormous titanosaurs, why complete skeletons are so rare, and why finding an even bigger individual is always a possibility.

Along the way they also discuss whether dinosaurs ever stopped growing, why weight matters more than length when comparing giant animals, and why every new "biggest dinosaur" announcement should be treated with a healthy dose of scientific scepticism.

Link to the article in Live Science https://www.livescience.com/largest-dinosaur-discovered-in-argentina.html

Watch on YouTube:

https://youtu.be/97pjZ7sDz2Q

If you'd like to support the podcast and get bonus episodes every month, join us on Patreon:

https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you enjoy Terrible Lizards, please like, subscribe, leave a review, and share it with a fellow dinosaur fan - it really helps us keep making new episodes.

Should dinosaur fossils belong in museums—or can they be bought and sold like works of art?

When the spectacular Tyrannosaurus rex known as "Gus" was preparing to go under the hammer (and has since sold for a staggering $50 million), it reignited one of palaeontology's biggest ethical debates.

In this episode Dr Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence explore the booming fossil market and ask what happens when scientifically important specimens disappear into private collections. Is it wrong for billionaires to own dinosaurs? Can privately owned fossils still contribute to science? And why won't many scientific journals publish research based on privately owned specimens?

Dave draws on his own experience working with museums, private collectors and commercial fossil dealers to explain the surprisingly complicated relationship between science, money and ownership. We discuss museums, fossil laws, famous auction sales, and why a dinosaur's scientific value isn't always the same as its auction price.

Questions covered in this episode:

• Should dinosaur fossils be sold at auction?
• Why won't scientists study many privately owned fossils?
• Is it ethical for billionaires to own dinosaur skeletons?
• How do fossil auctions affect palaeontology?
• Could private ownership ever benefit science?
• Why are some fossils worth tens of millions of dollars?

Support the podcast and get bonus episodes at:
https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

You can watch this as a video on youtube here: https://youtu.be/TaLWBc-4vvE

In this archive discussion, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone answer listener questions about museum exhibits, dinosaur reconstructions, Spinosaurus, and which prehistoric animal could become the next global superstar.

You can watch this episode on youtube here: https://youtu.be/AL5bquwdpcQ

🦖 Harry (age 8) asks:

• We saw Titus the T. rex and the supposed bite mark on its tail — is it really a bite, and what other pathologies does Titus have?

🎨 Phil asks:

• What does Dave think of the  life-size Spinosaurus model unveiled in Germany?

🏛️ Listener question:

• Is there a clade-specific or thematic dinosaur exhibition we would love to create or contribute to?

⭐ Listener question:

• Which dinosaur has the potential to become the next major superstar in the way Velociraptor and Spinosaurus did?

Along the way, Dave explains why consultants don't always agree with every detail in a museum display, discusses the challenges of interpreting fossil injuries, and reveals his dream of creating a Dromaeosaur or Pterosaur exhibition.

Support the podcast and get bonus episodes at:

https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you enjoy Terrible Lizards, please like, subscribe, leave a review, and share the podcast with a fellow dinosaur fan. It really helps us keep making new episodes.

With another Tyrannosaurus rex making headlines at auction, we're revisiting this discussion from 2020, recorded just after the famous sale of Stan.

Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone explore why the sale stunned palaeontologists, what it could mean for museums and scientific research, and whether record-breaking prices change the fossil market forever.

 This is an archive discussion, but many of the questions it raises remain just as relevant today. If you'd like to hear more, we'll have a brand new episode on 29th July looking at the sale of large fossils, the ethics of collecting, and how these extraordinary specimens end up in museums and/or private hands.

Support the podcast and get bonus episodes at: https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you enjoy Terrible Lizards, please like, subscribe, leave a review, and share the podcast with a fellow dinosaur fan. It really helps us keep making new episodes.

In this 2021 clip from Terrible Lizards, Iszi and Dave discuss the fossilised Oviraptor nest that made headlines around the world. Was this really evidence that dinosaurs sat on their eggs like birds, or was the story more complicated?

 Discover what embryos inside the eggs reveal about dinosaur parenting, asynchronous hatching, brooding behaviour, and why some palaeontologists think male Oviraptors may have guarded the nest. Along the way, the conversation explores ostriches, crocodiles, chickens, and how scientific discoveries can change as new evidence comes to light.

Support Terrible Lizards and get bonus content at: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Watch this episode as a video on iszitube: https://youtu.be/55ppw-nPhno

 #Dinosaurs #Palaeontology #Oviraptor #Fossils #SciencePodcast

Recorded live at the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival 2026, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone tackle questions from the audience on everything from Spinosaurus salt glands and Jurassic World to feathered pterosaurs, Troodon taxonomy, AI in palaeontology and where the next great dinosaur discovery might be hiding. Questions featured in this episode include:

• Could pterosaurs perch, hover or even fly backwards?

• Did Spinosaurus have salt glands?

• Has the Jurassic World franchise helped or harmed public understanding of dinosaurs?

• Should amateur fossil collecting be restricted?

• Is Troodon formosus valid again?

• Do you need a PhD to work in palaeontology?

• How little fossil material is needed to name a new species?

• What made Troodon teeth so unusual?

• What prehistoric animal would Dave and Iszi dress up as?

• Has anyone tried reconstructing pterosaur calls?

• Is AI useful in palaeontology?

• Are pterosaur pycnofibres really feathers?

• Why are Triassic ornithischian fossils so rare?

• Where might the next big dinosaur discovery come from?

• Have Dave or Iszi found any fossils recently?

 Support Terrible Lizards on Patreon: https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

Iszi Lawrence NEW audiobooks (release date: 25-06-26) https://www.audible.co.uk/author/Iszi-Lawrence/B0865T388B

https://www.bloomsbury.com/ca/domesday-cows-9781801999274/

Find out more about the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival: https://fossilfestival.com/

Watch this episode on youtube  (Search iszitube) here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lujwm8nrvRA

Mary Anning is one of the most important figures in the history of paleontology  but how much do we really know about her?

Recorded live at the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival, Iszi Lawrence and Dr Dave Hone are joined by Kieran Satchell from Lyme Regis Museum to explore the life, discoveries and legacy of the pioneering fossil hunter who helped transform our understanding of prehistoric life. From ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs to the early days of fossil collecting on the Jurassic Coast, this episode dives into the science, history and myths surrounding Mary Anning.

If you love paleontology, fossil hunting, history, dinosaurs, marine reptiles or the story of science, this one's for you.

Support Terrible Lizards on Patreon:
https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

Watch this live on our Patreon or on youtube

https://youtu.be/gtlA6kp58KA

Find out more about the Lyme Regis Fossil Festival:
https://fossilfestival.com/

Were dinosaur horns brightly coloured? And is there really such a thing as a "top predator"? In this extract of a Terrible Lizards bonus we recorded last year, we tackle two surprisingly big dinosaur questions from our listeners. First: what colour were dinosaur horns and frills? Could horned dinosaurs like Triceratops and other ceratopsians have had vivid displays like modern birds? We explore colourful toucans, puffins, flamingos, and even vultures that deliberately dye themselves red to ask whether dinosaurs may have been much brighter and stranger than we usually imagine. Then an argument with sharp teeth: is T. rex really a "top predator"? If killer whales sometimes hunt great white sharks, are sharks apex predators? Is the whole idea of a "top predator" actually misleading?

Support the podcast, ask questions and get all the full bonus episodes here: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

You can watch this episode on patreon or on youtube here: https://youtu.be/EVSC9hQckrI

Can you make a prehistoric documentary without relying on T. rex? We chat to Tim Haines, the man behind Walking with Dinosaurs and the new series Surviving Earth about mammal-like reptiles, giant extinctions, documentary trickery, CGI dinosaurs, weird prehistoric noises and how you make audiences emotionally invest in creatures that may or may not have peed. From gorgonopsians to giant climate shifts, this is a deep dive into both prehistory and documentary filmmaking.

Want bonus episodes and extra Terrible Lizards goodness? Head to https://patreon.com/terriblelizards

Watch the series in USA THURS 6/11 NBC and peacock.

#Dinosaurs #Paleontology #Documentary #WalkingWithDinosaurs #SurvivingEarth

In this short discussion, palaeontologist Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence chat with podcaster Suzy Buttress about the strangeness of bird eyes... from iris colour and pupil shape, to owls, crocodiles and the frustrating problem of soft tissue in fossils.

Could dinosaurs really have had the slit pupils made famous by Jurassic Park? Or have we been picturing dinosaur eyes all wrong? Expect: birds, dinosaurs, crocodiles, giant marine reptile eyeballs, weird owl anatomy, and some surprisingly unsettling turkey dissection stories.

This is an extract from Series 5 Episode 4 with Suzy Buttress from the Casual Birder podcast. 

You can watch the footage of this recording here: https://youtu.be/czcOPj8_jC8

Support the show and grab extra content: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Could a dinosaur hear you whistle? Did giant dinosaurs have gigantic feathers? And would a head-butting dinosaur really scrape the ground like a bull before charging?

In this Dinosaur Bite episode, palaeontologist Dr Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence tackle your brilliantly weird dinosaur questions—exploring how dinosaurs heard the world around them, what their feathers were really like, and whether famous scenes in Prehistoric Planet are grounded in science or artistic licence.

From tiny, high-pitched dinosaurs to booming giants, from Velociraptor quill knobs to the mystery of feather size in creatures like Gigantoraptor, this episode dives into what we really know—and what we're still figuring out—about dinosaur biology and behaviour.

Support the show and get extra content for as little as $1 dollar! https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Watch the video here: https://youtu.be/giB-id1iEZE

When people think of dinosaurs, it's usually the giants that come to mind—but most dinosaur groups began with much smaller, often overlooked species.

 Among them are the small ornithopods: fragmentary, tricky to classify, and frequently lost in a tangle of confusing names and incomplete fossils. Yet these modest dinosaurs are hugely important. They paved the way for the later success of major groups like iguanodontids and hadrosaurs, shaping the evolutionary story of herbivorous dinosaurs.

 In this episode, Paul Barrett from the Natural History Museum joins hosts Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence to explore these fascinating underdogs—focusing on Enigmacursor, a recently named species that helps shed light on this often-neglected corner of dinosaur history. Settle in for an hour of small dinosaurs, big questions, and the challenges of working with fossils that are incomplete, confusing—and surprisingly revealing.

Prof Paul Barrett | Natural History Museum: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/people/paul-barrett.html

 To support the show and get extra content: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Dr Dave Hone and Iszi react to an old dinosaur movie from the seventees.

We recommend watching this as a video, available on our patreon (as well as on Spotify) so you can see what we are reacting to.

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

This dinosaur bite is taken from an old bonus episode for our patrons back in 2021 where we watched the full movie (it was free on YouTube back then) and did a commentary. 

You can still watch the whole thing here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/60258810

Becoming a patron allows us to keep the podcast advert free and you get access to bonus content. You can join for as little as $1 but we would ask you donate whatever you can afford: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Did dinosaurs raise each other's young like modern cuckoos do? Dr Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence discuss how we would know if brood parasitism existed millions of years ago.

To get more bonus material and keep the podcast ad free go to:

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Please support the show, grab extra content and keep the podcast ad free: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

You can watch this as a video on youtube here: https://youtu.be/z0y9N1bPmGY

Having recently caught up with the much-overlooked prosauropods (or at least, overlooked by us), and after many requests from our patrons on patreon, this month we turn our attention to the crocodiles!

 Much like birds, major parts of the biology of these animals (living and extinct) are critical for understanding dinosaur biology, evolution and behaviour, so we shouldn't avoid them as much as we have on here. Happily, this month we are joined by croc-supremo Chris Brochu to talk about his career in crocodilian biology and his work on these animals.

On the way, we get into a deep discussion on identifying species and what this means for taxonomy and evolutionary studies. But we start with some work Chris did as a postdoc on a certain fossil that everyone listening will have heard of: Sue the T. rex!

Chris' University webpage:

https://sees.uiowa.edu/people/christopher-brochu

Iszi and Dave briefly discuss the new Netflix series "Dinosaurs".

Watch the video here: https://youtu.be/ejpMkrDDsWw

They analyse the accuracy of the trailer including the opening with Spinosaurus's hunting technique, neck musculature, and nostril placement, comparing it to real-world evidence and previous research. 

You can watch the trailer here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4ZBSzYUTL0

 Keep the podcast ad-free and join in the discussion here: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Dinosaurs in the Arctic and Antarctic likely survived cold conditions by using similar strategies to extant species.  The discovery of a new T. rex femur, nicknamed Goliath, potentially validates predictions about the maximum size of these dinosaurs. Or Does it?

You can watch this as a video on Youtube here: https://youtu.be/0iVP_E0BfM0

Please keep the podcast advert free and get more bonus content here: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

 This is available to watch on youtube here: https://youtu.be/R-GgkboCjA8

Support the podcast (keep it advert free) and get exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

We have talked plenty about dinosaurs in pop culture, including in movies, but this is hardly a modern phenomenon. Dinosaurs were getting into the mainstream almost as soon as they appeared on the scientific scene and have a rich history in novels, and short stories. This week we are joined by Richard Fallon, a historian specialising in science in literature and with a particular interest in prehistoric animals in this context. Richard and Dave recently wrote a book chapter on the odds parallels between Jurassic Park and Michael Crichton and the Lost World by Arthur Conan Doyle. Having won a prize for this ("Doylean Honors" from the ACD Society!)  we though it a great time to sit down with Richard and talk about dinosaurs and other ancient reptiles in fiction and how this has changed over time.

Here's some of Richard's collective works:

Creatures of Another Age: https://www.valancourtbooks.com/creatures-of-another-age.html

Contesting Earth's History in Transatlantic Literary Culture, 1860–1935: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Contesting-History-Transatlantic-Literary-1860-1935/dp/0198926162/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0

Reimagining Dinosaurs in Late Victorian and Edwardian Literature: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Reimagining-Dinosaurs-Victorian-Edwardian-Literature/dp/1108984398/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&dib_tag=se&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.4n1IVVZf74mbQ0RyFryuMDimH9ZiV04X3glC8p-KfT8.D618IUFHF0G27P0maCF82yXIjgZs_wzvKoA6n0yiz4Y&qid=1770283675&sr=8-1

And you can follow him on Bluesky: @richardfallon.bsky.social

Little Dinosaur bite for you!

Support us for extra bonus episodes here: 

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Covering two new papers:

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2026/february/new-sabre-crested-spinosaurus-species-named-from-desert-dinosaur-fossils.html

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2026/january/europes-missing-ceratopsian-dinosaurs-have-finally-been-found.html

Watch on youtube here: https://youtu.be/GoAT-oVtqOc

A new Spinosaurus paper was released, revealing a Spinosaurus with a larger head crest. While the new material is exciting, the larger crest is not surprising given the species' known display features. The new locality in Niger, further inland than previous finds, suggests Spinosaurus may have followed rivers inland, similar to other water-affiliated animals.

A new paper confirms long-held beliefs about spinosaur evolution, including sexual selection, wading behaviour, and multiple evolutionary phases. The discovery of a new rhabdodontid skull, with clear ceratopsian characteristics, suggests that some previously identified rhabdodontids were actually early ceratopsians. This finding supports the idea that ceratopsians were present in Europe during the Cretaceous, filling a gap in the fossil record.

Apologies for audio quality - was a bit rushed!

You can watch this episode on youtube here: https://youtu.be/QI_nmQPADcE

Support the podcast and get extra content by going to: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

In this episode from 2022, we delve into an incident that occurred in a Lower Cretaceous tracksite in Utah. A digger driven by the Bureau of Land Management accidentally drove over dinosaur tracks, causing damage to the site. This incident sparked outrage as the BLM was accused of violating procedures that required the presence of a palaeontologist.

 We then discuss pterosaur evolution, exploring the common ancestor of dinosaurs and pterosaurs. We also discuss the remarkable size of Quetzalcoatlus and Azhdarchids, shedding light on the evolutionary journey of these magnificent creatures and why they are so much bigger than birds.

Dinosaur Bites is taken from a live we did back in 2024.

We ask where are the Australian Dinosaurs?

What was the first ever Dinosaur?

Why are only small dinosaurs feathered? (or are they...) 

You can watch this as a video here: https://youtu.be/UqUzAgcWMRg

Terrible Lizards is a dinosaur podcast with Dr Dave Hone from Queen Mary University and Iszi Lawrence. To support the podcast and unlock extra content go to www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

You can watch this episode as a video on youtube: https://youtu.be/C2atVWsvkS0

To support the show/get bonus content: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

We've barely mentioned African dinosaurs (apart from you-know-what) over the years and have repeatedly failed to give much love to the early sauropodomorphs either (the 'prosauropods'). Happily, this month we're getting a great two-for-one deal by speaking to Kimi Chapelle who tells us all about her work on the incredibly well-represented, but not actually that well-studied Massospondylus. This species is known from dozens of complete skeletons but has attracted surprisingly little attention in the scientific literature and Kimi has been working to correct that with a whole series of projects on this animal and its relatives. There's plenty to discuss and more to come on these overlooked dinosaurs, so headphones on and enjoy.

Please support the podcast and get access to bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Kimi's website: Kimberley (Kimi) Chapelle | Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University https://renaissance.stonybrookmedicine.edu/anatomy/people/facultypage/chapelle

 A profile of her and her work from the Superscientists website: Dinova - Kimberley Chapelle — SuperScientists https://www.superscientists.org/superscientists/chapelle

Dinosaur Bites 002 Terrible Lizards Podcast returns with a discussion on dinosaur colours, and Compsognathus, from a 2021 live session. We talk about the preservation of dinosaur colours is limited to certain pigments and while some colours may not preserve well, the organisation of melanosomes is a more significant factor. And candidate for the cutest dinosaurs: Compsognathids, a group of small theropod dinosaurs, are often found as juveniles, leading to uncertainty about their phylogenetic placement. We discuss Andrea Cau's hypothesises that they may not be what they seem!

Direct video link: https://youtu.be/5wGuzaJ16M8

For more bonus content and to get your questions answered: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Also apologies for the audio glitches - when we talked over each other it became incomprehensible - so it was shoddily repaired by iszi. 

A short extract from a live we did back in 2021 about these two new #spinosaur species: Riparovenator and Ceratosuchops.

If you want to find out more about these animals please listen to the free full episode on youtube: https://youtu.be/jO6gyw-onBY?si=qHQ6oJ0wnqxJAaX- or find 'TLS05E01 Riparovenator and Ceratosuchops' on your podcast feed. https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/tls05e01-riparovenator-and-ceratosuchops

Terrible Lizards a podcast about #dinosaurs with Dr Dave Hone and Iszi Lawrence. It is released on the last wednesday of the month and there is a large back catalogue. 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5Ud7Vyrmvx9zUBLcXjiSSl?si=4d37e2a2fe3e4319

We will be releasing Terrible Lizards Dinobites intermittently too: to help promote the show - so if you enjoyed this do like and share and leave a review.

For more info and bonus material and videos go to: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Thanks to our wonderful Patrons we are planning video as well as audio versions of the podcast from now on! Just as we have for the Bonus Episodes. (N.B. Sometimes video may not be possible but we are hoping it will be! We are still a two-man-with-occasional-help-from-Simon band. )

If you want to watch this podcast rather than just listen head to iszitube: https://youtu.be/5w83FHoFU7Q

We will also be releasing the Bonus Episode on the second Wednesday of the month so that the content is a little more spaced out.

Thank you EVERYONE for your amazing questions. Phil, James, Jay, Paul, Keren, Bethany, M'Challo, Victoria R, Christopher, TriSarahtops, Livefree13, Raptor Josh, Adam, Daniel, Alexander, Marcus, Roy and Summer!

As well as everyone who donated on patreon.com/terriblelizards.

 You can get in touch with us via www.patreon.com/terriblelizards Thank you for supporting science communication and being so friendly and passionate about the podcast. It means a LOT to us.

The biggest news in palaeontology this year dropped just in time for us to miss it with last month's episode but we're giving it the full hour this time. The idea that there's a miniature tyrannosaur running around in the Late Cretaceous alongside Tyrannosaurus has long been a contentious one, with most palaeontologists favouring the interpretation that the specimens represented juvenile rexes. But a huge new paper presents a brand-new specimen that shows various unique features and importantly, is an adult animal while still small. Join Dave and Iszi into a deep dive on the history of these ideas ad why people are switching sides to support the idea that Nanotyrannus is real. One of the better articles from the media storm:

 Nanotyrannus isn't a 'mini T. Rex' after all — it's a new species, 'dueling dinosaurs' fossil reveals | Live Science:

https://www.livescience.com/animals/dinosaurs/i-was-wrong-dinosaur-scientists-agree-that-small-tyrannosaur-nanotyrannus-was-real-pivotal-new-study-finds

Please support the podcast and submit questions for our end of year megasode: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Dave has *another* book coming out and so of course he wants to talk about it a bit on the pod. Happily for the listeners, this time out he has a coauthor and so we get to have palaeontologist and palaeoartist Mark Witton on as well so that Iszi has some support for once. The new book is on that most controversial of dinosaurs, Spinosaurus and its allies, and what we know, and what we don't, and where the research is taking us. Given its insane media profile and the attention it attracts, as well as the back-and-forth in the scientific literature over its bizarre features, this is an animal well overdue a proper popular science book. So here it is, written by Dave and Mark, and with Mark's extensive illustrations throughout. But for now you can enjoy the chat about this animal and how the work came to be.

Links:

For Bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Mark's website with links to his blog and other pages

Home | MarkWitton.co.uk

An old blogpost of Dave's which looks at the main controversies of Spinosaurus swimming

The evidence for Spinosaurus being a specialist aquatic predator and good swimmer is weak | Dave Hone's Archosaur Musings

Long time listener and second time guest Darren Naish joins us to talk about marine reptiles. While Darren is best known for his work on dinosaurs and pterosaurs, he has fingers in a huge number of vertebrate pies, and he has a new edition out of his book on all of the Mesozoic monsters that lived in the sea. So, strap in for an incredibly being tour of mosasaurs, mesosaurs, placodonts, ichthyosaurs, plesionsaurs, thalattosaurs, thalattosuchians and we even manage to sneak in a reference to certain allegedly semi-aquatic large theropods.

Support us on www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Check out iszi's NEW podcast about Egyptology www.talklikeanegyptian.com

A link to Darren's Home page which combines links to the blog, podcast, con and other resources.

https://tetzoo.com/

A link to Darren's post on the launch of the first edition:

https://tetzoo.com/blog/2023/2/27/ancient-sea-reptiles-is-out-now

A link to the Natural History Museum shop for the book:

https://www.nhmshop.co.uk/ancient-sea-reptiles-plesiosaurs-ichthyosaurs-mosasaurs-more.html?srsltid=AfmBOorc2zt792sWSVYdef8-O5zKci9w2Fiu6FhLlpX_lEATiWy1Gsn0

Disaster with the recording this episode! Sorry if it is hard to hear in places we were forced to use the emergency back up! Disaster with the recording this episode! Sorry if it is hard to hear in places we were forced to use the emergency back up! 

Listeners may remember that Dave went to Utah a couple of years back to try and help with a sauropod excavation. That trip was with sauropod supremo Matt Wedel who was recently in London, and so we scooped him up to get him onto Terrible Lizards. Unfortunately there were real technical issues, so the sound quality is not the best, but hopefully you can enjoy it. So sit back for an hour for deep sauropod nerdery, covering the air sac system, giant sauropods, their evolution, ecology, and follow Matt's career from a chance start on a new giant to bird physiology.

A link to Matt's blog SV-POW! which he writes with Mike Taylor (and in theory, Darren Naish)

https://svpow.com/

A link to an old post from Matt on Dave's blog about his favourite work:

https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2017/02/27/buried-treasure-matt-wedel/

Iszi's book The Time Machine Next Door: inventors and dinosaurs is out on 28th August in the UK: https://amzn.eu/d/dqPr6bo

Pterosaur soft tissues

It's a double new paper episode this time as thanks to the magic of almost random review and publication times, Dave has two papers out on the same subject in the same month! So strap in for some absolute minutiae on pterosaur hands, feet, scales, and the oddly overlooked wing membrane that sits between their legs. Pterosaurs in general are not very common fossils and so it should be no surprise that we don't have a great many examples of their soft tissues, from skin, to beaks and claws and other bits. So, having new examples, and synthesising the limited information we have, is really important for building an understanding of these incredible animals. It's deep dive time.

A link to Dave's blogpost on the new hand and foot scale papers:

https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2025/06/10/new-data-on-pterosaurian-soft-tissues/

A link to a very old blogpost about pterosaur soft tissues generally:

https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2008/07/25/pterosaur-soft-tissues/

Iszi'a new book - featuring a pterosaur and perfect for 6-9 year olds is out on 28th August in the UK: https://amzn.eu/d/9kFiniD (message her on iszi.com if you want international posting).

June, rather incredibly, marks the fifth anniversary of the launch of series 1, episode 1 of the podcast. As a rather fortuitous bit of timing, we were invited to host a live Terrible Lizards event at Lyme Regis (home of Mary Anning) for their Fossil Festival. We could hardly say 'no', so here is a recording of that hour long session where we fielded a ton of questions from the audience (that was overflowing out of the room!) and even included a few professional palaeontologists in the audience to put a bit more pressure on Dave's answers. A good time was apparently had by all, maybe this will happen again next year?

A link to the Fossil Festival website. Stay tuned for next year's details: https://fossilfestival.com/

For extra content go to patreon.com/terriblelizards

Curating Dinosaurs II Curate Harder! On this episode we welcome Jordan Mallon, a long-time collaborator of Dave's and, against the odds, a long-time listener of Terrible Lizards. While we talk about Jordan's research and career in this pod, and his work on dinosaur sizes and ecology, this one also serves as something of a sequel to our previous episode. That's because he is also the curator of the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa, the national natural history museum of Canada. It's a much more typical collection than the one we talked about last time out, so join us to learn more about how museum's work, the importance of the behind-the-scenes jobs that people do, and

Links:

Support us and get extra content:

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

A short interview Jordan did with Dave years ago:

https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2017/03/06/buried-treasure-jordan-mallon/

A blogpost by Dave on his paper with Jordan on giant T. rex.

https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2024/07/24/on-the-trail-of-giant-tyrannosaurus-rex/

Jordan's webpage at the Canadian Museum of Nature

https://nature.ca/en/our-science/science-experts/jordan-mallon/

We have talked about all manner of fundamentals of research on fossils over the years here on Terrible Lizards, including finding and excavating fossils, writing and publishing papers, reconstructing animals from fragments and more. But we've somehow really glossed over the role of museums that store and protect fossils and make them available for research, as well as carrying out their own work too. In order to correct this oversight, today we welcome ReBecca Hunt-Foster who is the curator on the legendary Dinosaur National Monument in Utah. Here she takes us through her background and research and the challenges of looking after one of the most famous and important dinosaur sites in the world.

Links:

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

ReBecca on Bluesky: @dinochick.bsky.social

Here's the link to the US National Parks website about Dinosaur National Monument:

https://www.nps.gov/dino/index.htm

An old blogpost of Dave's about the bitten baby Diplodocus femur: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2018/04/22/non-tyrannosaurs-biting-like-tyrannosaurs/

This time out we are joined by palaeontologist Andre Rowe to talk about his research into the skulls of giant carnivorous dinosaurs and what this means for their biology. This turns into a debate with Dave about how evidence can be interpreted in different ways and trying to piece together the often limited data we have to work out what these animals might have been doing. Though with her media-trained eye, Iszi wants to badge this as a heated fight over just how awesome Tyrannosaurus was (see previous episode for details). Andre takes us through the process of scanning skulls, restoring the bits and then testing ideas about bite force and skull strength and how the different giant theropod differed in their habits.

Links:

Support us on patreon and get extra content: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Here's an article Andre wrote on his T. rex bite research: https://theconversation.com/tyrannosaurus-rex-didnt-get-its-ferocious-bite-until-it-was-an-adult-new-research-156668

Here is Andre's Instagram handle: @tyrannosaurrowe

This month's episode is a sort of follow-up to that from the start of the year, looking at some of the more problematic areas of dinosaurs and palaeontology when it comes to online discussions. There is an online fandom of dinosaurs that treats them like monsters or superheroes, and can fixate on what is and isn't the biggest / strongest / fastest dinosaur and who could beat up who. Joining us to discuss this is Dr Mike O'Sullivan, a palaeontologist and self-professed member of several fandoms. We talk about how this community works and what it means for scientists talking about research.

Links:

Support us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Mike is part of Palaeogames, a company of professional palaeontologists making accurate books and games: https://palaeogames.com/

And here's their latest Kickstarter, a Dungeons & Dragons companion book: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/palaeogames/professor-primulas-portfolio-of-palaeontology

Series 11, eh? We don't think we, or anyone else reading this, expected that.

Nor did we expect issues with Dave's microphone (apologies)… Still, here we are and with more dinosaur goodness coming. We say 'coming' because this episode is far less about dinosaurs and pterosaurs than usual, but more about the mechanisms of science. In this case it's really about Dave's experiences as a science communicator and how things like this are increasingly important for science, but in the UK at least, this can be monitored and measured and so having ways to do that becomes important. And this is the central point of today's show, a call to arms for all those who are involved in sci comms and delight in sharing new knowledge to understand why it's important to credit your sources when new discoveries are made.

Links:

For extra content: patreon.com/terriblelizards

If you want to know a bit more about REF in the UK, here's the main pages for it: https://2029.ref.ac.uk/about/what-is-the-ref/

And if we're talking communication, it seems a good time to say that Iszi and Dave are both now on BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/davehone.bsky.social https://bsky.app/profile/iszi.com

Thanks to Kyle, Tom, Ashley, Aurous, Wayne, Paleo Pete, Tyler, Will, Israel, Charles, James and Edward

Support us on patreon.com/terriblelizards and be rewarded with extra content!

We are planning on going live on isztube at 16:00 GMT on Friday 26th December. (Time may change)

Skiphosoura – the pterosaur of the gaps

So last week Dave had a new paper out and this time it's a new pterosaur, named Skiphosoura bavarica (the sword tail of Bavaria) and it is both really interesting and really important for pterosaur research. It tells us a lot about the key transition of pterosaurs from the early forms through to the derived pterodactyloids, which has been a major subject of research for the last 15 years. Skiphosaura also shows us that the Scottish Dearc (that we covered a couple of years back) is much more important than previously thought and helps create a fantastic series of species where we can now track a whole series of evolutionary steps for pterosaurs. This transition really is now a great example of being able to see an evolutionary change over time in the fossil record. So strap in for some overly-detailed anatomical descriptions of bits of obscure pterosaurs!

Links:

Support us on patreon and get extra content https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Here's a link to the full paper – it's open access so anyone can read it: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)01377-0

And here's Dave's blog post about the specimen and it's significance: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2024/11/18/skiphosoura-solving-the-transition-to-pterodactyloids/

Link to the website of the Lauer Foundation: https://www.lauerfoundationpse.org/

The bonus episode we did on Dearc: https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/tls06-bonus-jurassic-pterosaur-dearc-sgiathanach

Dave has a new book out next week and it's the culmination of several years work. Longtime listeners will know the major themes already from the episode title – a lot of stuff in the literature on dinosaur behaviour is badly framed, overstated, contradictory or contains major over extrapolations. Happily, you can listen to all of this again as Dave goes into all of this and more, what's in the book, who it's aimed at and what he's trying to achieve with it. It's not out till next week, so this is a bit a of a sneak preview, even if various copies have snuck out the door and some (un?)lucky people have their hands on it already. Next month will be far less sycophantic and self publicising, honest.

Support us on patreon and unlock extra content

https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Special offer! Get 30% off Uncovering Dinosaur Behavior by Dave Hone. Use code UDB30 when you buy direct from Princeton University Press. (Postage costs will be added at point of purchase. Offer available until 31 December 2024.) 

https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691215914/uncovering-dinosaur-behavior

Last month we mentioned that legendary palaeontologist Mike Benton had announced his retirement, but with a few quick emails, Dave was able to grab him for this month's episode. So, join Dave and Iszi as we have celebration of Mike's career and take him through his early interest in palaeontology, how he got his PhD, the death of Al Romer, rhynchosaurs, the rise of dinosaurs, mass extinctions, fieldwork in Russia, endless books, and his work on the colours of dinosaurs. It's a whirlwind dash through an entire so strap in for the deluge of facts and fables and enjoy. And congratulations to Mike!

Links:

patreon.com/terriblelizards

Mike's webpage at Bristol which covers his career and achievements:

https://www.bristol.ac.uk/people/person/Mike-Benton-e41eaef1-135d-40db-9b7f-e81f7d290f72/

A link to the Amazon page of (most of) Mike's books:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Michael-Benton/s?rh=n%3A266239%2Cp_27%3AMichael+Benton

We've made plenty of jokes over the years about the general lack of sauropod skulls and the frustrations of trying to work out what these animals were doing when it came to things like feeding when the most important bit is missing. Happily, this week we are joined by David Button who has done a ton of work in this area and is happy to chat to Dave and Iszi about how their heads and teeth were built and what this can (and can't) tell us about their diets and habits. While we have him trapped, we also quiz him on his recent work on the behaviour of the thescelosaurs, an odd branch of dinosaurs we've taken till series 10 to even mention!

Links:

Extra content on patreon: www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

And old post of Dave's on the sauropod skeletons in Berlin, that really show off the issue of different feeding heights in these animals: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/2013/01/27/berlin-sauropods/

David's webpage at the University of Bristol: https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/persons/david-j-button

The spinosaurs get all the love (OK, mostly hate) and attention when it comes to the megalosauroids, but they are but one weird branch of this group of theropods. Sadly they have a similar problem to the spinosaurs in that there are annoyingly few fossils of them, and there's very few people working on these animals. Happily, today Iszi and Dave are joined by one of them, Cass Morrison who is doing his PhD on these unusual animals and is here to give us the lowdown on their evolution, diversity, biogeography and ecology and generally fill us in on these much under-appreciated animals.

Links:

For extra content go to our Patreon https://www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

Apiece with Cass about his work on dinosaur brains: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/behind-the-science-cassius-morrison.html

Find Cass on Twitter https://x.com/casscretaceous and Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cretaceous.cass/?hl=en-gb

We have touched on the extinction that killed the dinosaurs plenty of times before over the various seasons of TL, but we have never really tackled it fully before. Finally, we are joined by a real expert on this subject, Melanie During who is in the process of finishing her PhD on this very subject. So prepare for not actually really any dinosaurs, but quite a lot of geology and geochemistry to learn how the impact was so utterly devastating and how we know. It turns out that they never stood a chance and that the damage was even worse than even Dave had realised.

Links:

support us on patreon and access extra content: 

www.patreon.com/terriblelizards

A link to Melanie's YouTube series which is on long term hiatus but full of cool videos to watch (even if it notably fails to include a certain silver-haired pterosaur and tyrannosaur researcher): https://www.youtube.com/c/GenuineRockstars/videos

Here's a link to Melanie's press stuff for her papers but it includes some videos and graphs of that we talk about https://uppsala.app.box.com/s/ikmlwtb0vui7zn5k74jfokbhysla8ck1