Would a whiter sky be noticeable, under SAI geoengineering? Ansar Lemon discusses what humans and animals could see. Paper: Under a not so white sky: visual impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection - Ansar Lemon et al 2025 Environ. Res. Lett. 20 024060 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/ada2ae A link to his music is here https://youtu.be/EpQ7rnQTDDU?si=ubVwa7p45uZ9mw_q

Are you allowed to throw alkaline minerals into the sea? Ashwin Murthy explains how to do Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, without ending up in jail. Ashwin Murthy, Korey Silverman-Roati & Romany M. Webb, State Authority to Regulate Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School, December 2024 (2024). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/237

In this spooky Halloween episode, @geoengineering1 and Ken Buesseler investigate alleged sightings of Ocean Iron Fertilisation - which is rumoured to have risen from its unquiet grave. Paper: Next steps for assessing ocean iron fertilization for marine carbon dioxide removal. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/climate/articles/10.3389/fclim.2024.1430957

Wake Smith explains two recent papers on aviation to @geoengineering1. The first deals with low altitude (13kms) polar deployment, using existing aircraft concepts. The second deals with deployment at 25kms, which adds cost and complexity over the usual 20kms injection patterns in the literature. Links https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1663044/v1 and https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ac4f5d

It's all about fracking! Sasha Wilson explains carbon negative oil to the covid-zombie formerly known as @geoengineering1. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292722001494 Unlocking the potential of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water for CO2 removal via mineral carbonation Bizhou Zhu, Siobhan A. Wilson, Nina Zeyen, Maija J. Raudsepp, Ashkan Zolfaghari, Baolin Wang, Ben J. Rostron, Katherine N. Snihur, Konstantinvon Gunten, Anna L. Harrison, Daniel S. Alessi

Ilaria Quaglia explains what's potentially the most important SRM paper in over 10 years to @geoengineering1 Paper: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/5757/2022/ An approach to sulfate geoengineering with surface emissions of carbonyl sulfide Ilaria Quaglia, Daniele Visioni, Giovanni Pitari, and Ben Kravitz

Michael Diamond gives a very one-sided interview with a muted @geoengineering1, explaining when we should stop researching MCB. Paper: To assess marine cloud brightening's technical feasibility, we need to know what to study—and when to stop https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118379119

Chad M. Baum discusses his expert elicitation work on space mirrors. (Reading list / glossary below paper link) Paper: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 158, April 2022, 112179 Between the sun and us: Expert perceptions on the innovation, policy, and deep uncertainties of space-based solar geoengineering Authors: Chad M.Baum, Sean Low; Benjamin K.Sovacool. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112179. Acronyms CDR Carbon Dioxide Removal GEO Geosynchronous Orbit GENIE (project) GeoEngineering and Negative Emissions Pathways in Europe IPSS Inter Planetary Sun Shade ISS International Space Station LEO Low-Earth Orbit NETs Negative Emissions Technologies RSER (journal) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (since I messed it up initially) SAI Stratospheric Aerosol Injection SEL Sun-Earth Lagrange point SRM Solar Radiation Management Other peer-reviewed articles from the GENIE project: Low, S., Baum, C.M., & Sovacool, B.K. (2022). Rethinking Net-Zero systems, spaces, and societies: “Hard” versus “soft” alternatives for nature-based and engineered carbon removal. Global Environmental Change, 75, 102530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102530 Low, S., Baum, C. M., & Sovacool, B. K. (2022). Taking it outside: Exploring social opposition to 21 early-stage experiments in radical climate interventions. Energy Research & Social Science, 90, 102594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102594 Sovacool, B.K., Baum, C.M., & Low, S. (2022). Risk-risk governance in a low-carbon future: Exploring institutional, technological, and behavioral tradeoffs in climate geoengineering pathways. Risk Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13932 Solar sails: Matloff, G., Bangs, C., & Johnson, L. (2014). Harvesting Space for a Greener Earth. Springer: Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9426-3 Roy, K I. (2001). “Solar Sails: An Answer to Global Warming?” presented at STAIF 2001 Albuquerque, NM, February 11-14. Available at: http://www.ultimax.com/whitepapers/2001_3a.html. On some of the more interesting proposals, these are relevant: Kennedy, R. G., Roy, K. I., & Fields, D. E. (2013). Dyson Dots: Changing the solar constant to a variable with photovoltaic lightsails. Acta Astronautica, 82(2), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.022 Angel, R. (2006). Feasibility of cooling the Earth with a cloud of small spacecraft near the inner Lagrange point (L1), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 17184-9. IRS and Airbus (2020). International Planetary Sun Shield (IPSS) - Gigasails in Space. IPSS High-level Concept. The Institute of Space Systems (IRS) and Airbus Defence & Space: Bremen, Germany And concerning modelling studies, here are the two I specified: Lunt, D. J., Ridgwell, A., Valdes, P. J., & Seale, A. (2008). “Sunshade World”: A fully coupled GCM evaluation of the climatic impacts of geoengineering. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(12), L12710. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033674 Sánchez, J.-P., & McInnes, C.R. (2015). Optimal Sunshade Configurations for Space-Based Geoengineering near the Sun-Earth L1 Point, PLoS One, 10(8), e0136648. Various SciFi ones: https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250264930/sweepofstars https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13651.The_Dispossessed (and what failed me in the moment, was The Hainish Cycle, as the name for the whole series) https://www.kimstanleyrobinson.info/content/mars-trilogy https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/414999.Childhood_s_End

Will Grant explores moral hazard, and capital & cultural lock in. Hosted by Aryan Gupta https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14614529211069839 What do we mean when we talk about the moral hazard of geoengineering? Katelyn Tsipiras, Will J. Grant

Simone Tilmes discusses ozone changes in the geoengineering model Intercomparison project (GeoMIP) with @geoengineering1. Paper: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/4557/2022/ Stratospheric ozone response to sulfate aerosol and solar dimming climate interventions based on the G6 Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) simulations Simone Tilmes, Daniele Visioni, Andy Jones, James Haywood, Roland Séférian, Pierre Nabat, Olivier Boucher, Ewa Monica Bednarz, and Ulrike Niemeier

In this fact-packed monster episode, Matthew Realff brings news of Georgia Tech's amazing fibre DAC sorbents. Then he EVENTUALLY gets round to talking about his actual paper, as well as explaining lots about the fundamental cost and energy efficiency limits of DAC. @geoengineering1 was loving all the new info. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ghg.2136 Assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low-carbon energy sources Steffen Fahr, Julian Powell, Alice Favero, Anthony J. Giarrusso, Ryan P. Lively, Matthew J. Realff

Florian Rabitz speaks to @geoengineering1 about AI, gene drives, SRM and how these can be regulated. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000039 A preliminary framework for understanding the governance of novel environmental technologies: Ambiguity, indeterminateness and drift; Florian Rabitz, Marian Feist, Matthias Honegger, Joshua Horton, Sikina Jinnah, Jesse Reynolds

Thomas Deschamps explains to @geoengineering1 how to race-tune the Climeworks DAC plant, using Aspen chemical engineering software. Paper: Modeling of Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption for Direct Air Capture Using Aspen Adsorption https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4020015

Kai Jeggle explains to @geoengineering1 how off-target effects of cirrus cloud thinning mean that it can never be used effectively. Paper; Jeggle, K., Neubauer, D., Binder, H., and Lohmann, U.: Cirrus formation regimes – Data driven identification and quantification of mineral dust effect, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2559, 2024.

Meenesh Singh speaks to @geoengineering1 about the paper "Migration-assisted, moisture gradient process for ultrafast, continuous CO2 capture from dilute sources at ambient conditions" https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE03018C

How efficient can DAC plants be? Aryan Gupta interviews Ryan M Long-Innes on his paper https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/handle/1828/13681 Thermodynamic analysis of a direct air carbon capture plant with directions for energy efficiency improvements

@JesseLReynolds speaks to @geoengineering1 about the Climate Overshoot Commission Launch https://www.overshootcommission.org/ @overshoot_comm

Moa Sporre schools @geoengineering1 on what happens to aerosols that fall out of the stratosphere and into cirrus clouds. Prior project mentioned: CARIBIC project (nowadays part of IAGOS): https://www.caribic-atmospheric.com Paper discussed: Sporre, M. K., Friberg, J., Svenhag, C., Sourdeval, O., & Storelvmo, T. (2022). Springtime stratospheric volcanic aerosol impact on midlatitude cirrus clouds. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL096171. https://doi. org/10.1029/2021GL096171

Aryan Gupta interviews John Barry Gallagher from the University of Tasmania. They discuss the complexities of calculating whether seaweed is carbon negative or not. Paper: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsac011/6525671? Seaweed ecosystems may not mitigate CO2 emissions John Barry Gallagher, Victor Shelamoff, Cayne Layton

Fabrice Lambert discusses the role of natural ocean iron fertilization in glacial periods, and what this means for artificial OIF today. Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X20306191 "Regional patterns and temporal evolution of ocean iron fertilization and CO2 drawdown during the last glacial termination"

Aviation specialist Wake Smith is interviewed by @aryangupta___ on his forthcoming book, "Pandora's Toolbox". Book link: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/pandoras-toolbox/A9713F26408DE0A2423A466FD6B882BF

Are low sulfur marine fuels causing termination shock? Leon Simons gives R2 some very bad news. Citation: Climate Impact of Decreasing Atmospheric Sulphate Aerosols and the Risk of a Termination Shock DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.22778.62408

Bala continues his discussion with an interesting exploration of the challenges of integrating the global South into research and negotiations on geoengineering

Bala explains monsoons, and how single hemisphere geoengineering might affect them. Paper: Krishnamohan, K.S., Bala, G. Sensitivity of tropical monsoon precipitation to the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injections. Clim Dyn (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06121-z

Got wood? Looking for somewhere to stick it? Ning Zeng can solve your problem! @geoengineering1 learns all about how to do it properly. Zeng, N., Hausmann, H. Wood Vault: remove atmospheric CO2 with trees, store wood for carbon sequestration for now and as biomass, bioenergy and carbon reserve for the future. Carbon Balance Manage 17, 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-022-00202-0

Ishita Mundra debuts as presenter, interviewing Amanda Borth on the role of the private sector in combined SRM and CDR scenarios. Paper: The private sector to the rescue? Analysis of a hypothetical scenario of SG deployment https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328721001191

Gernot Wagner talks about genocide, death threats, and the corruption of academia. He's not a man you want to mess with. So, when he tries to sell you his book, you're going to do exactly as you're told. Understand?

Pete Irvine is a stalwart of SRM. Here, he makes the case for its continued consideration as a policy option. This comes at a time when ongoing research on SRM is being subject to one of its most determined challenges yet.

Soheil Shayegh tries and fails to convince @geoengineering1 that abstract models of international cooperation offer useful insights into the behaviour of nations. Paper https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72372-9_10 Regulating Geoengineering: International Competition and Cooperation Soheil Shayegh, Garth Heutel, Juan Moreno-Cruz

Aaron Cooper @AMCooper86 and Gideon Futerman @GFuterman discuss the International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering letter from https://www.solargeoeng.org/ @SolarGeoeng

The Cornell Mafia are taking over the Arctic. Walker Lee explains how their high-latitude, low-altitude scheme works. It's an offer you can't refuse.

Can Metal Organic Frameworks and Zeolites be used for Direct Air Capture? Spoiler: no. Paper link https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06924

Tara Righetti discusses her book chapter on enhanced oil recovery and how it can become part of a low carbon future. This chapter is at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72372-9_9

David Morrow shows how you can make up nonsense about Bruce Willis and still get it published in a journal. Next level mastery, for all those who struggle to get proper work published. Paper: From fAIrplay to climate wars: making climate change scenarios more dynamic, creative, and integrative Link: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol26/iss4/art30/

Can lighting up tropical forests at night store carbon in a practical way? Gao discusses the possibility and its challenges with @geoengineering1 https://esd.copernicus.org/preprints/esd-2021-85/

Do not adjust your set; the fidelity of this recording is particularly poor. Luna Geerts and @geoengineering1 discuss coastal enhanced weathering of olivine. The paper is/was open to review, here. https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2024-1824/

Sara Vicca schools @geoengineering1 on biotic silicate weathering. He, meanwhile, screws up the audio production to previously unimagined levels of dire incompetence.

Amanda Borth from George Mason discusses whether geoengineering is covered effectively in the media. Reviewer 2 recalls his days of freelance writing, and paints a far less rosy picture of both the media and its cosy political relationship with academia. Paper link https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2002711

Can your humble bathroom mirror be the basis of a terrestrial solar geoengineering scheme? Ye Tao looks at scaling this simple solution - with the surprise bonus of a huge reduction in solar energy costs, when compared to sulfur aerosols.

What are the social and political barriers to scaling CDR? Symons and @geoengineering1 discuss first-movers and a public goods framing. They then consider obstructions to progress: carbon accounting, climate justice, tech investment, and financial incentives. Paper: - The international politics of carbon dioxide removal: pathways to cooperative global governance. Bryan Maher, Jonathan Symons. https://research-management.mq.edu.au/admin/files/178643624/GEP_Maher_Symons_Accepted_Version_GEP.pdf 

Warmed by ocean currents and geothermal heat, Icelandic ice caps are in an unusual situation. How would they be affected by SRM? John Moore from Beijing Normal University is in discussion with @geoengineering1 (who is uncharacteristically well-behaved). Paper: Insensitivity of mass loss of Icelandic Vatnajökull ice cap to solar geoengineering https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-318/

The actual Reviewer 2 Jesse Reynolds becomes our Reviewer 2 and interviews Daniel Heyen on his coalition formation paper. "Solar geoengineering governance: a dynamic framework of farsighted coalition formation" https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010

Mariia Belaia is an economist, who used the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model to argue that over half of climate change may optimally be addressed using SRM. @geoengineering1 is so horrified that he turns into an actual commie, live on air. Paper reference: OPTIMAL CLIMATE POLICY IN 3D: MITIGATION, CARBON REMOVAL, AND SOLAR GEOENGINEERING MARIIA BELAIA, JUAN B. MORENO-CRUZ and DAVID W. KEITH https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007821500081

David Mitchell explains cirrus cloud thinning in detail, and why climate models without mountains get it badly wrong. There is no paper reference here, but there are some hard lessons about the peer review process! NB this episode has been clumsily edited to disguise various errors made by @geoengineering1

Can natural ocean processes help us understand how ocean CDR might work? Discussion of "Seeking natural analogs to fast-forward the assessment of marine CO2 removal " with Lennart Bach and @geoengineering1 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106147118

Does the carbon footprint of Direct Air Capture negate its environmental benefits? Balint Simon discusses his paper, "Material flows and Embodied Energy of Direct Air Capture". This episode was presented by (genuine expert) guest Reviewer 2 Matteo Gazzani, who even seemed to have read the paper! 10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-bpg5d

What would a mid-century polar geoengineering program look like? What airports and aircraft would be needed - and at what cost? Wake Smith answers all these questions.

Julian Hunt relives the highest of high modernism with his cold war style project to divert northern rivers and deliberately melt the Arctic. This will apparently help global warming - or so he says. Paper: Cooling down the world oceans and the earth by enhancing the North Atlantic Ocean current. SN Applied Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1755-y [pure.iiasa.ac.at/16202]

Nan Wang explains why bigger CCS projects are more likely to fail. "What went wrong? Learning from three decades of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) pilot and demonstration projects" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112546

News from @gfuterman and @geoengineering1 covering IPCC, Holly Jean Buck & tribalism, Australian MCB trials, Andy Parker on slippery slope, and much else