Rebbe Nachman's Treasure of Peace and Truth with Rav Shlomo Katz – Détails, épisodes et analyse

Détails du podcast

Informations techniques et générales issues du flux RSS du podcast.

Rebbe Nachman's Treasure of Peace and Truth with Rav Shlomo Katz

Rav Shlomo Katz

Religion & Spiritualité

Fréquence : 1 épisode/13j. Total Éps: 11

Rebbe Nachman didn’t come to make us “more religious.” He came to make us more real. Rav Shlomo Katz opens the “treasure chest” of Rebbe Nachman’s Torah — teachings that heal the inner storm, settle the mind (yishuv hadaas), and draw down peace and truth into our homes, our relationships, and our own hearts.

Lire plusRéduire

Site

RSS

Apple

Classements récents

Dernières positions dans les classements Apple Podcasts et Spotify.

Apple Podcasts

🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
23/06/2026
#86
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
22/06/2026
#58
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
21/06/2026
#41
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
20/06/2026
#37
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
19/06/2026
#18
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
08/06/2026
#74
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
07/06/2026
#52
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
05/06/2026
#31
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
04/06/2026
#11
🇨🇦 Canada - judaism
20/05/2026
#90

Spotify

Aucun classement récent disponible

Liens partagés entre épisodes et podcasts

Liens présents dans les descriptions d'épisodes et autres podcasts les utilisant également.

https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t
12 partages
https://ravshlomokatz.com
10 partages

Qualité et score du flux RSS

Évaluation technique de la qualité et de la structure du flux RSS.

Qualité du flux RSS

À améliorer

Score global : 58%

Historique des publications

Répartition mensuelle des publications d'épisodes au fil des années.

Year

Derniers épisodes publiés

Liste des épisodes récents, avec titres, durées et descriptions.

1. I’m Not the Only Crazy One

Épisode 1

jeudi 5 février 2026 • Durée 58:58

Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David begin this new series with a spark from Uman — one of those moments you can’t fully explain, but you also can’t ignore. A return to Rebbe Nachman’s world, not as a “chassidishe vibe,” but as a remedy for our generation.

Rav Shlomo shares why the older Breslover chassidim cried when asked, “Who is the Rebbe for you?”, and why Rebbe Nachman’s Torah speaks directly to anxiety, inner pressure, and the longing for yishuv hadaas.

Then we learn Sichos HaRan 77:
The world is filled with machlokes between nations, between neighbors, in the home, and even inside a person. And sometimes the most shocking place to feel the war… is when you’re finally alone.

So why do we feel “meshuga”?

Because we’re not one simple thing. We’re a whole world. Many “nations” inside, pulling in different directions. And the goal isn’t to deny it. The goal is to bring shalom into it.

When you understand what’s happening inside you, you stop being ashamed of your complexity, and you finally get a direction for real avodah.

----------
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Welcome and Sponsor Acknowledgments
02:43 Documentary on Rebbe and Emotional Impact
03:49 Older Breslover Chassidim and Their Passion
05:22 Personal Introduction via Rav Chaim Kramer
06:25 Travel Challenges to Uman Amid Conflict
09:36 Interpreting the “Not Going Whole Way” Statement
11:53 Shvikas Hamochin – Letting Intellect Go
13:45 Reb Yitzchak Breiter’s Uman Pilgrimage Story
18:06 Breiter’s Letter and Promise of Truth Differentiation
20:34 Uman’s Fragrance Amid Harsh Conditions
22:50 Reflection on Vanity After Spiritual Experience
25:12 Hashem’s Remedy Through the Great-Grandson of the Baal Shem Tov
28:02 Different Types of Chavruta – From Rabbis to…
29:33 Introducing Sichot HaRan Ayin Zayin – The Teaching…
35:02 Those Who Avoid Conflict – Why We’re Dragged In
46:04 Alone Time, Hisbodedus, and the Nations Within Us
49:46 Embracing the Whole World Within Us
50:56 Prayer Alone Isn’t Sufficient
52:43 Machlokes with Others Triggers Inner Conflict
54:31 You’re Not the Only One Crazy
55:56 Raw Material for Hitbodedut
58:08 Can One Be a Pure Servant of Hashem?

Lire plusRéduire

2. How Does One Cross the Narrow Bridge?

Épisode 2

jeudi 12 février 2026 • Durée 58:58

Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David take the most famous line in Breslov — “The whole world is a very narrow bridge” — and refuse to leave it as a slogan.

Rav Shlomo asks the real question: How?

How does a person actually cross the bridge without tipping into פחד… and without becoming anxious about their anxiety?

Reb Nosson reveals something startling: the narrow bridge has a name. It’s called Emes.

In this shiur we explore:

Why the biggest מניעה isn’t your schedule — it’s meniat ha’moach (the mind’s endless chatter)
The difference between “truth” as an idea, and truth as a lived conversation with Hashem
How “gut feeling” can be holy… or can be קליפה — and how to clarify the difference
Why Hashem’s “longing” is for one thing: dibburim shel emes — real words that come from where you actually are
How one honest word (“I’m confused,” “I’m scared,” “I’m stuck”) becomes a Mishkan, a place where Hashem can dwell — and illuminate the path

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening and Sponsor Acknowledgments
01:01 Rav Yitzchak Breiter’s Striking Statement
02:12 The Narrow Bridge Song and le-hispached
04:14 Introducing Likutei Moharan and Reb Noson
07:16 Truth (Emes) as the Bridge
09:24 The Brain as the Main Obstacle
12:03 Emes as Guiding Light
14:04 Trusting Your Gut and Inner Truth
15:57 Reb Noson on Emes as Holy Bridge
18:32 Two Levels of Truth Explained
21:32 Ensuring Our Speech is True (Emet)
23:00 God’s Desire to Dwell Within Us
25:34 Different Views on Emet and Personal Relationship28:40 Choosing Information Sources and the Filter of Truth31:16 Online Influence, Mashpia, and Modern Spirituality32:52 Emet, Intentions, and the Role of Hishtadlut33:52 Overthinking vs Internal Emet and the Inner Filter40:44 Seeking Truthful Speech at the Shabbat Table43:23 Finding Your Own Dibur Shel Emet in Crisis46:13 Hisbodedus, Listening to Hashem, and Practical Steps49:02 Seeing Openings Within Darkness55:07 Finding Calm Amidst Lingering Questions56:16 Internal Transformation of Truth (Emet)57:29 Keeping Spiritual Insights Private58:39 Examining the Anshei Emet Across Generations

3. Is Emet Scary?

Épisode 3

jeudi 19 février 2026 • Durée 01:00:18

Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David go deeper into the midah of Emet, and ask the honest question: why does truth sometimes feel… scary?

Rav Shlomo walks us through Rav Nosson’s powerful yesod: when a person “girds themselves for war” for truth, they’re already called victorious, even with the smallest movement forward. We talk about the yetzer hara’s trap of “all-or-nothing,” how tiny moments of אמת create eternal ניצחונות, and the difference between Emet and Emet La’amito — the truth that doesn’t crush you, but actually opens you up.

And then the big revelation: the sitra achra can weaponize “truth” to drag a person into despair. Rav Nosson teaches us the real אמת לאמיתו: אין שום יאוש בעולם כלל — no matter where you’ve been, no matter how many times you’ve fallen, Hashem is not “there”… He is hineka — right here.

If you’ve ever felt stuck, ashamed, overwhelmed, or “too far gone,” this shiur is a hug and a fire at the same time — calling you back to one simple thing: say one real word to Hashem… and let that word become your bridge.
----------
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

Chapters
00:00 Opening Greetings, Sponsors and Purpose
02:04 Truth Leads to Tranquility and Inner Peace
05:31 War of Truth: Always Victorious with Emes
08:45 Yetzer Hara and the Challenge of Finishing Shas
11:17 Small Light Movements Count as Victory
15:05 Eternal Victory of a True Moment
21:44 The Challenge of Growing Through Chassidus Study
50:11 Feeling Hashem’s Presence: Low or Not?
51:27 Complacent Frum: Missing True Emes
53:16 She'afilu B'Sheol Tachtiyot – Hope in the Depths
54:45 God’s Endless Chesed Despite Repeated Failure
56:37 Ligadulaso Ein Cheker – Unlimited Greatness
58:01 No Sin Too Great for God’s Welcome60:12 Next Week: Diving Deeper into Emes

6. Rebbe Nachman's 254th Birthday

Épisode 6

jeudi 19 mars 2026 • Durée 01:05:28

On Rebbe Nachman’s 254th birthday, Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David open a different kind of door.

Not just into the teachings of the Rebbe, but into the mystery of what hiskashrus really means — what it means to feel that a tzaddik was sent into the world with your soul in mind.

Through a deeply personal text from Rav Erez Moshe Doron, this shiur explores why connection to the tzaddik can sound so foreign from the outside, and yet feel like the most intimate truth in the world from the inside. What does it mean to say, “I am Rebbe Nachman’s”? Is that threatening? Is it liberating? Is it a surrender of self, or the first time a person truly begins to find their real self?

Rav Shlomo weaves together the worlds of emunah, bittul, self-acceptance, loneliness, healing, and avodah, showing how the tzaddik does not come to replace a person’s relationship with Hashem, but to lead them toward the G-dly light within.

This is a birthday shiur, but really it is a love letter: to the Rebbe, to the soul, and to the hope that no part of a person is beyond repair.

And the practical takeaway is as clear as ever: if you want this Torah to enter the heart, begin with 15 minutes of hisbodedus a day.
----------
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening Blessings and Sponsor Acknowledgments
01:06 Rebbe Nachman's Birthday and Its Significance
02:11 Birthday vs Yahrtzeit: Spiritual Meaning
04:29 Neighborhood Group’s Struggle with Chassidus
05:41 The Pasuk as Basis for Tzaddik Connection
07:01 Experiencing Rebbe’s Guidance in Personal Anxiety
08:07 Breslov’s Unique Stance on Tzaddik Relationship
09:24 Personal Identification with Rebbe Nachman
13:45 Self-Acceptance Through Kinyan Gamur
20:40 Transformative Stories of Rebbe Nachman’s Influence24:40 Personal Transformation Through Hiskashrus25:43 Uniqueness of Breslov vs Other Chassidic Groups29:03 Need for Gedolim in Religious Zionist World30:36 Echad L'Echad Initiative to Elevate Yeshiva Leaders33:34 Writing a Hiskashrus Document at the Kotel43:36 Breslov Avoda and the Role of the Ovdim44:49 Eternal Love and Longing for the Rebbe47:54 Feeling Alone and Telling My Own Story51:28 Rebbe Nachman's Contrary Approach to Tzaddikim52:58 Desire to Cry Out in Loneliness53:58 Hope for Future Transformation55:19 Rebbe as Spiritual Psychologist57:02 Trusting the Rebbe Over Self58:09 Guided Towards Inner Light64:26 Practical Daily Hisbodedus Advice

5. The Gift Hidden Inside This War

Épisode 5

jeudi 12 mars 2026 • Durée 54:33

There are moments in history that force a person to see life differently.

This shiur was given in real time, in the middle of a war, with a missile siren interrupting the learning itself. And maybe that is exactly why this Torah had to be learned now.

Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David turn to Rebbe Nachman’s teaching on yishuv hadaat — settling the mind — and ask a piercing question: what are the fears that truly threaten us, and what are the fears that only seem to control us?

In a moment when danger is real, the contrast becomes sharper. We begin to notice how much of our daily anxiety comes not from what can actually harm us, but from stories, panic, conditioning, and the body’s old memories.

And yet, in the middle of all this, something else is being revealed: a hidden strength, a deep composure, a new kind of perspective. We see it in ourselves. We see it in our children. We see it in Am Yisrael.

This is a shiur about war, trauma, fear, taavot, breath, choice, and the possibility of becoming more settled — not after the chaos ends, but right in the middle of it.

Maybe one of the gifts that can emerge from this war is this: to finally recognize what deserves our fear… and what never did.
----------
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening Dedication and Sponsor Acknowledgment
02:38 Kids as a Generation of Ninjas
03:40 Reacting to Sirens and Shelter Procedures
10:43 Understanding Anxiety About Anxiety
13:41 Personal Story of Imagined Threat
15:31 Yetzer Hara Analogy and Facing Desires
23:43 Mind-Body Disconnect and Rewiring
25:24 Cold Plunges as Physical Barrier Breaking
26:59 Scaredy-cat Fears and Nonsense Anxiety
29:08 Irrational Fear Before the Mind Processes
30:48 Siren Warnings and Trauma-induced Panic31:58 Distinguishing Fear from Desire to Control36:40 War-time Sirens and PTSD Reminders38:37 Jacob's Fear before Meeting Esau46:35 Exhaustion and the Call for Adaptation49:03 Distinguishing Healthy Fear from Motivating Taiva50:31 Moshe Rabbeinu, Nitzavim, and Overcoming Curses51:56 Rabbi Nachman's Teaching on Choice and Yishuv Hadaat

4. Becoming a Master Accomplisher

Épisode 4

jeudi 26 février 2026 • Durée 57:22

n a world where everyone feels overloaded, Rebbe Nachman gives a radically simple path to calm productivity: live inside “today.”

In this shiur, Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David take us through Likutey Moharan 272 — the Torah of Hayom — and show how anxiety often comes from living in yesterday or tomorrow, while true accomplishment comes from being fully present right now.

We explore why Rebbe Nachman says not only “don’t procrastinate your tasks,” but don’t procrastinate yourself — learning self-acceptance in the exact place you are today, without pressure, guilt, or harsh self-judgment.

And we end with a powerful promise: when “burden” leaves your vocabulary, avodah becomes not just doable — it becomes oneg.
----------

For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com

Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Dedication of the Shiur
02:45 Lineage from Baal Shem Tov to Rebbe Nachman
04:29 Reb Nosson’s Prolific Writing and Persecution
07:01 Question of How One Accomplishes So Much
08:08 Modern Overwhelm and Anxiety in Our Generation
09:27 Favorite Teaching from Likutey Moharan 272
11:24 Focus on Today — “Hayom im b’kolo tishme’u”
20:02 Anxiety Manifested as Shortness of Breath
21:07 Avoid Procrastination — Start Tasks Today
24:05 Approachability of Reb Nosson vs Rebbe Nachman
26:09 Living Only for Today (Rebbe Nachman’s Way)
28:47 Contemporary Scholars on Rebbe Nachman’s Teaching
31:35 Do Not Procrastinate Yourself (Rav Yosefi)
38:40 From Burden to Pleasure in Daily Service
41:58 Reb Levi Yitzchak Bender and the “Tachnun Killer” 44:01 Avodah as Business Class — The Flight Analogy 46:05 Ignoring What Isn’t Before Us — Staying Focused 49:07 Connecting the Oslo Incident to Today’s Lesson 50:41 Repeating the Core Teaching in Hebrew 52:13 Transforming Burden into Motivation 53:52 Modern Echoes of the “Now” Concept 54:58 Holiness Linked to the Present 56:37 Living for Today, Not Tomorrow

9. The Rebbe’s Validation Is Life Saving

Épisode 9

jeudi 14 mai 2026 • Durée 50:52

There are moments when a person feels so far from Hashem that they begin to believe the distance itself is the truth.

In this deeply personal shiur, Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David learn the Torah of what happens when a tzaddik refuses to let you define yourself by your falls, your confusion, or your sadness. Through the teachings of Rebbe Nachman and the light of Bamidbar, this episode explores composure, spiritual heaviness, self-perception, and the life-saving power of hearing that you still matter to Heaven exactly where you are.
----------
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening and Sponsor Acknowledgements
01:56 Introducing the Theme: Composure
02:56 Causes of Losing Composure
07:43 Feeling Distance in Service
10:38 Words That Saved Lives
13:18 Analogy of Train and Elevator
15:12 Learning Struggles and Feeling Far
17:57 Self-Perception and Spiritual Density
21:42 Feeling Divine Neglect
23:28 When the People Felt God Was Uninterested
25:02 The Miraglim Report and the Birth of Tisha B'Av
28:17 The Rebbe Calls for Great Spiritual Strength
30:44 All Tzaddikim Face This Spiritual Crisis
44:43 Tiny Spiritual Steps Yield Massive Heavenly Impact
46:42 Sadness Is a Spiritual Sin According to the Rebbe
48:17 Zohar Quote on True Sadness (Sitra Achra)
49:26 Bamidbar Lessons: Torah for Life’s Mistakes
50:36 Closing Remarks and Blessings for the Week

Lire plusRéduire

8. The Critical Moments Before Hitbodedut

Épisode 8

jeudi 7 mai 2026 • Durée 58:46

Before a Jew speaks to Hashem, something deeper has to happen first.

In this powerful continuation of our learning on hitbodedut, Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David explore the hidden avodah that comes before the words ever begin: silence, yishuv hadaas, longing, and preparing the heart to truly stand before the Ribbono Shel Olam.

Drawing from Rebbe Nachman and Reb Noson, this shiur opens up the inner world of hitbodedut — not as a technique, but as a lived relationship. What happens in those first quiet moments? Why is it so difficult to begin? How do we avoid turning authenticity into self-destruction? And what does it mean to receive words “like burning coals of fire” directly from Hashem?

Along the way, Rav Shlomo speaks about weddings, Rav Ginsburgh, the challenge of presence, the danger of negative self-talk disguised as honesty, and the possibility of hearing Hashem’s voice through your own.
For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com

Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening and Sponsor Acknowledgment
02:42 Importance of Yishuv HaDaas and Hisbodedus
04:15 The 15-Minute Hisbodedus Challenge
05:16 How to Begin Hisbodedus: Practical Steps
07:11 Preparing the Mind Before Speaking
09:20 The Need for Silence According to Rav Noson
10:21 Rebbe’s Story of Waiting for the Frierdiker Rebbe
11:22 Wedding Example: Staying Present in Sacred Moments
13:08 Facing Opposition When Seeking Hisbodedus
17:16 Heavy Nature of Hisbodedus and Required Silence
19:51 Final Call: Daily Practice of Hisbodedus
23:48 Need for More Time and Rachamei Shamayim
26:52 Avoiding the Self-Perverted Authenticity Trap
29:13 Distinguishing Shleppers from the Truly Seeking31:56 Approaching Hashem with Humility, Not Boasting34:23 From Soft Beginnings to Burning Coals of Words38:43 Hearing God’s Voice Through Hisbodedus42:48 Sefirat HaOmer: Tuning Ears for Divine Messages46:00 Source of the One-Hour Pre-Hitbodedut Practice47:29 Rebbe’s Vision of All-Day Hitbodedus48:50 Comparing Hitbodedut and Continuous Prayer49:59 Focusing on One Middah in Practice

7. How to Approach Hitbodedut

Épisode 7

jeudi 16 avril 2026 • Durée 48:08

In this deeply practical shiur, Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David open a doorway into one of Rebbe Nachman’s most essential teachings: hitbodedut.

Drawing from the sefer Eshpoch Lefanav Sichi and the teachings of Rebbe Nachman, Rav Shlomo reframes what it means to “talk to Hashem.” Not as something formal, structured, or intimidating, but as something raw, human, and deeply personal.

What does it actually mean to speak “as you would to a close friend”? Why do so many people feel resistance to hisbodedut? And how can just 15 minutes a day begin to bring real clarity, calm, and connection, even in a chaotic world?

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening and Sponsor Acknowledgments
02:14 Purpose of Hisbodedus and Tranquility
07:27 Suggested 15-Minute Daily Practice
09:52 Pouring Out the Heart Like a Friend
16:41 Story of a Compassionate Friend in Tzfat
18:38 Challenges and Resistance to Daily Hisbodedus
24:01 Infinite Heart Talk vs. Structured Prayer
25:26 Keeping Deep Heart Secrets from the Untrusted
26:31 “Hashem Bored?” – The Prison Joke Analogy
27:34 Reb Noson on Small Details Before the Divine
30:34 Sitting Before Hashem: Pouring Out the Heart
32:56 Childlike Vulnerability in Hisbodedus
37:20 Yefaresh Sichaso: Interpreting the Inner Voice
41:57 Practical 15-Minute Hisbodedus Commitment
45:34 Outdoor Hisbodedus and Women’s Participation

Lire plusRéduire

10. Rebbe Nachman's Surprising Definition of Peace

Épisode 10

jeudi 4 juin 2026 • Durée 49:26

What is peace?

Most people think shalom means agreement. Rebbe Nachman teaches something far more challenging—and far more transformative.

Rav Shlomo Katz and the women of Shirat David explore Rebbe Nachman's surprising definition of peace: not the absence of disagreement, but the ability to seek truth together with those who see the world differently than we do.

Drawing from current events, personal stories, and foundational teachings from Likutey Moharan, this conversation examines why machloket distances us not only from one another, but from Hashem Himself.

Along the way, Rav Shlomo explores inner conflict, serenity of the soul, the dangers of ideological certainty, and why true shalom can only emerge when we stop fearing opposing perspectives.

----------

For more Shuirim and Music from Rav Shlomo Katz, visit: https://ravshlomokatz.com
Join Rav Shlomo Katz's WhatsApp Community: https://chat.whatsapp.com/KHKOhhPaeHx5Kb74WL9L9a?mode=ems_copy_t

CHAPTERS
00:00 Opening Dedication and Announcements
01:34 Defining Inner Peace vs External Conflict
03:41 Personal Anecdote: New Shoes and Shtender
08:06 Rebbe Nachman's Definition of Shalom
09:52 Pursuing Truth (Emet) Over Vanity
11:21 Money, Vanity, and Spiritual Decisiveness
14:27 Scooter Braun Example on Charity
20:25 Haredi Riot in Alon Shvut and Call for Dialogue
24:25 Divine Assistance Needed to Choose Participation
25:33 Machloket as Root of Distance from Hashem
28:52 Why We Gather: Seeking Common Ground
48:18 Inner Peace (Menuchas HaNefesh) and Its Spiritual Reward

Lire plusRéduire

Podcasts Similaires Basées sur le Contenu

Découvrez des podcasts liées à Rebbe Nachman's Treasure of Peace and Truth with Rav Shlomo Katz. Explorez des podcasts avec des thèmes, sujets, et formats similaires. Ces similarités sont calculées grâce à des données tangibles, pas d'extrapolations !