Explorez tous les épisodes du podcast Raw Talk Podcast

Skin disease does not always begin and end at the skin. Inflammatory and autoimmune processes can shape conditions ranging from psoriasis and eczema to systemic diseases with important dermatologic manifestations. In this episode of Raw Talk, we speak with dermatologist and researcher Dr. Anastasiya Muntyanu about the relationship between the immune system, inflammation and skin disease. We explore how these conditions develop, the role of environmental and biological factors, and how research is changing our understanding of inflammatory and autoimmune dermatology. Dr. Muntyanu also takes us inside the intersection of clinical dermatology and research, and discusses why studying the skin can provide important insights into processes occurring throughout the body. 

Executive Producer: Areej Mir

Acne is incredibly common, but there is no shortage of conflicting advice about what causes it and how it should be treated. In this episode of Raw Talk, we speak with Dr. Sam Hanna and Dr. Angela Duan about the science behind acne and how it is approached in clinical practice. We explore why acne develops, how treatment can differ from person to person, common misconceptions surrounding skincare and breakouts, and what patients should know when seeking care. We also discuss the broader impact acne can have beyond the skin and how our understanding and treatment of the condition continues to evolve. Whether you have experienced acne yourself or simply want to understand one of dermatology's most common conditions, this episode takes a closer look at what is really happening beneath the surface.

Executive Producer: Areej Mir.

Show Hosts: Areej Mir and Raeesah Mohammed. 

For patients facing life-threatening illness, distress can involve fear, grief, uncertainty, and questions of meaning. In Episode 136 Part 2, we speak with Dr. Emma Hapke from the Psychedelic Psychotherapy Research Group at UHN about psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for end-of-life distress in patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers.

We also hear from Daryna Skybina, who shares her perspective as a patient and reflects on the human side of navigating serious illness. Together, these conversations highlight both the promise and complexity of psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Thank you to our production team: Avni Bhargava and Swapna Mylabathula (Show Hosts), Bellinda Yi (Content Creator), Tiffany Chien (Science Writer), Victoria Li (Audio Editing), Dana Huang (Graphic design and Promotions), and Nicole Chu (Executive Producer).

Once dismissed as relics of counterculture, psychedelics are now being studied for their potential role in mental health care. In Part 1 of episode 136, Avni and Swapna speak with Dr. Jarrett Rose and Dr. Rotem Petranker about the history, science, and evolving clinical landscape of psychedelics, from the early research boom of the 1960s to today’s renewed interest in psilocybin- and LSD-assisted therapy.

Together, they unpack how these compounds may affect the brain, why they are being studied for conditions such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance use disorders, and why scientific rigour, regulation, and patient safety remain essential as the field moves from prohibition to protocol.

Thank you to our production team: Avni Bhargava and Swapna Mylabathula (Show Hosts), Bellinda Yi (Content Creator), Tiffany Chien (Science Writer), Victoria Li (Audio Editing), Dana Huang (Graphic design and Promotions), and Nicole Chu (Executive Producer).

When cancer treatment puts a patient’s reproductive future at risk, fertility preservation offers options, but only if people are informed early enough and can access care equitably. In this episode, Sonika and Julia investigate the science and realities of fertility preservation with Dr. Jenna Michaeli, an oncofertility specialist and clinician-scientist at Mount Sinai Fertility. She introduces the different preservation options available, including egg and embryo freezing, sperm banking, and a newer technique called ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). Dr. Michaeli discusses some of the innovative models of care required for equitable access to OTC, such as transporting ovarian tissue to centralized cryobanks to expand access for patients in remote communities. Beyond the science, Dr. Michaeli emphasizes the emotional and ethical complexity of fertility preservation decisions, particularly for young patients and their families, and the importance of culturally sensitive counselling. She also addresses key barriers, including limited awareness, time-sensitive referrals, and gaps in funding for newer procedures like OTC. Tune in for an informative conversation about how fertility preservation needs to be better integrated into cancer treatment, and why equitable access remains a critical challenge.

Thank you to our production team: Sonika Kumari and Julia Wong (Show Hosts), Tesam Ahmed (Content Creator), Emily Forster (Science Writer), Nicole Chu (Audio Editing), Saleena Zedan (Graphic design and Promotions), and Nicole Chu (Executive Producer).

Deciding if and when to have children can be a major challenge and is even more difficult when facing the unrelenting pace of medical training. Long hours, rigid schedules, financial strain, and unspoken expectations often push family planning to the sidelines. In this episode, Sonika and Julia explore the realities of family planning and fertility preservation for medical trainees at different career stages. For an early career perspective, Sonika and Julia talk with Dr. Lauren Pickel, a first-year urology resident, who reflects on how little formal education she received around fertility and family planning while in medical school. She discusses how this education gap can significantly shape both personal and professional decisions. Looking at a later career medical professional, Sonika and Julia interview Dr. Niro Sivachandra, a retinal surgeon and clinician-scientist, who shares her experience regarding having children during residency, and how supportive leadership can help improve quality of life for many physicians and their families. Together, our guests unpack their hidden barriers, from fears about burdening colleagues to discouragement from following certain medical specialties. They emphasize the importance of workplace culture and policies which are supportive to both career and family development. Tune in for a frank and thought-provoking conversation about why family planning needs a place in medical education.

Thank you to our production team: Sonika Kumari and Julia Wong (Show Hosts), Tesam Ahmed (Content Creator), Emily Forster (Science Writer), Angela Dela Cruz (Audio Editing), Saleena Zedan (Graphic design and Promotions), and Nicole Chu (Executive Producer).

Thank you to the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto for the support in this episode production. 

In this episode, we follow the story of Mr. Patel, who underwent life-changing surgery after an oral cancer diagnosis that affected his tongue. Mr. Patel offers an unfiltered look at his recovery and reflects on how stigma shaped his experience with diagnosis and healing. Alongside him, we hear from Dr. Christopher Yao, a head and neck reconstructive surgeon advancing innovations in cancer care and reconstruction, and Dr. Rosemary Martino, a speech-language pathologist and researcher leading new approaches to swallowing recovery and rehabilitation for patients like Mr. Patel.

Thank you to our production team: Vicky Li (Audio Engineer), Areej Mir (Social Media), and Noor Al Kaabi (Show Host and Executive Producer)

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Health Network

UHN Otolaryngology Instagram

Swallowing Lab

In this episode, Noor sits down with Dr. Tony Eskander, head and neck surgeon and scientist at the University of Toronto, to unpack the evolving landscape of head and neck cancers. Once primarily associated with smoking and alcohol, these cancers are increasingly linked to HPV, particularly in younger patients, a shift that’s reshaping how we think about risk, equity, and prevention.

Dr. Eskander breaks down the various kinds of head and neck cancers, from oral cavity to nasopharyngeal cancers, and highlights how different populations are disproportionately affected.  Tune in for the first episode of our Head & Neck Cancer series.

Production Team: Noor Al Kaabi (Show Host and Executive Producer), Vicky Li (Audio Engineer), Areej Mir (Promotions)

Eskander Lab

The idea of a vaccine against cancer may seem like science fiction, but in the case of HPV vaccines, it is a reality that has existed for over a decade. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common type of sexually transmitted infection and can cause 6 different types of cancer, affecting people of all genders. HPV vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries worldwide in an effort to reduce cancer incidence, with some very newsworthy results. In this episode, hosts Braeden and Hannah describe a population study that made headlines in 2024 for reporting zero cases of cervical cancer in women vaccinated as part of Scotland's national vaccination program that began in 2008. To learn more about HPV vaccines in the Canadian context, Braeden and Hannah interview Dr. Nancy Durand, associate professor at the University of Toronto and specialist in HPV-related diseases. Dr. Durand reviews the link between HPV and cancer and the history of the HPV vaccine. She discusses HPV vaccination programs in Canada, barriers to vaccine uptake, and the strategies being implemented to increase vaccine coverage across the country. Tune in to hear about the remarkable impact of the HPV vaccine and the ongoing effort to eliminate HPV-related diseases.

The human microbiome has been a hot topic of discourse – but what do we really know about it? This diverse ecosystem of microbes can be thought of as its own organ, interacting and influencing many physiological processes. Understanding what contributes to its strong formation is a multi-disciplinary and growing field of research. To learn more about the human gut microbiome in its earliest stages of formation, we sought the expertise of Zahra Pakzad, PhD Candidate at the University of British Columbia; Dr. Marie-Claire Arrieta, Associate Professor at the University of Calgary; and Dr. Meghan Azad, Associate Professor at the University of Manitoba. In this episode, they walk us through a series of early life milestones – starting as early as birth itself – that dictate the development of this complex and microscopic system of the body. They also discuss how the microbiome impacts the immune system and share their hopes for future research in this field. Tune in to this episode to learn more about how such tiny microbes can have a big impact on our health!

Are plant-based diets really healthier—or just another social media trend? Between #WhatIEatInADay videos and influencers pushing “miracle” supplements, it’s hard to separate the science from the marketing. In this episode of Raw Talk Podcast, we sit down with three experts to cut through the hype. Dr. Zahra Kassam, a radiation oncologist and co-founder of Plant-Based Canada, reveals how plant-based nutrition can help prevent chronic diseases and improve cancer outcomes. Dr. Stephanie Nishi, a registered dietitian and Assistant Professor at Toronto Metropolitan University’s School of Nutrition, breaks down the science behind plant-based dietary patterns and when to seek the help of a registered dietitian. Dr. Alistair Dias, an Associate Professor in the University of Toronto’s Human Biology Program, explains the role of essential trace elements like iron, copper, and zinc as well as the science behind antioxidants and supplement absorption. Packed with myth-busting insights and practical tips, this episode is your no-nonsense guide to navigating the world of plant-based nutrition - whether you’re a committed vegan, veg-curious, or just tired of diet culture whiplash.

In the words of Robert Mckee, our appetite for story is a reflection of the profound human need to grasp the patterns of living, not merely as an intellectual exercise, but within a very personal, emotional experience. Storytelling and narrative play a huge role in medicine. Many physicians are also artists, writers, actors, and musicians, and use their talents to advance healthcare. So how do theatre, film, and literature become powerful tools for advocacy, education, and healing? In this episode, we dive into the intersection of medicine and the arts through the lens of narrative medicine. We sit down with Autumn Rennie, an MD/PhD candidate at the University of Toronto, who shares how she uses film to amplify patient voices and advocate for change in healthcare. We also connect with Professor Hartley Jafine, a medical improv facilitator and lecturer, who shows us how applied theater can transform clinical practice. Through improv exercises, we learn how to strengthen communication, build empathy, and navigate power dynamics. Finally, we hear from our fellow medical students, Afreen and Rhea, as they share their creative passions in acting, writing, and their roles in U of T’s DAFI musical.

Male contraceptives are on the horizon, promising to revolutionize reproductive health, expand contraceptive options beyond condoms and vasectomies, and shift the burden of birth control. In this episode, we explore the current landscape and science behind male contraception, the challenges of bringing new methods to market, and what the future holds for reproductive responsibility. To guide us, we spoke to Dr. Logan Nickels, Chief Research Officer at Male Contraception Initiative, Dr. Stephanie Page, an endocrinologist and Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington involved in researching male birth control for 25 years, and Dr.Melanie Balbach, Assistant Professor at Michigan State University, whose research focuses on non-hormonal contraceptive targets. They break down the latest advancements in male birth control, the scientific hurdles researchers face, and why funding remains one of the biggest obstacles to innovation in this field. Our guests also provide insight into the clinical trial process of drug-based methods and devices, the potential impact of male contraceptives on public health, and what it will take to adopt these methods and make them widely available. Join us in our discussion as we explore the cutting-edge science behind male contraception and the researchers working to turn it into a reality!

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in healthcare, blending science, movement, and patient-centered care. In this episode, we explore the journey of becoming a physiotherapist, the importance of evidence-based practice, and the evolving challenges within the field. To guide us, we spoke with Melanie MacKinnon, a physiotherapist, educator in the MScPT program at the University of Toronto, and a PhD candidate in health professional education. Joining her are MScPT trainees Alyssa Marino and Lisa Nham, along with recent graduates and PT residents Iman Yarow and Shaheer Khawar, who shared their experiences and insights from the program. Together, our guests reflect on their clinical experiences, the collaborative nature of PT in multidisciplinary settings, and the personal and professional growth that comes with the role. They also discuss key challenges and gaps in the field, the value of diversity, and advice for aspiring PTs. Tune in to learn more about the transformative field of physiotherapy and the dynamic individuals shaping its future!

In this episode, we dive into the world of surgical innovation—think lungs on ice, robots in the operating room, and AI transforming the way surgeries are performed. We hear from Dr. Aadil Ali, who shares his groundbreaking work in lung transplantation, highlighting challenges like organ preservation and the innovative solutions his team developed, including a life-changing preservation method now used worldwide. Next, Dr. Siba Haykal introduces us to the world of reconstructive surgery, discussing off-the-shelf tissues and the potential of using bioreactors to engineer transplants that mimic natural tissues more effectively. Finally, Dr. Amin Madani delves into the integration of artificial intelligence in surgery, revealing how computer vision and AI can revolutionize decision-making and surgical precision.

The episode was hosted by Prisca and Bellinda. The interviews were conducted by Noor, Prisca, and Bellinda. Tima served as the audio engineer, Selina assisted with episode promotions, and Noor was the executive producer. 

Welcome to the Raw Talk Reunion mini series where we touch base with past team members! In the previous episode (#124), we spoke with our Co-Founders to hear all about how the podcast came about. In this episode (#125), we catch up with more Raw Talk Podcast alum who were integral members of the podcast during past seasons. We explore how their involvement with the podcast influenced their personal and professional lives, where their paths have led since their time with us, and the wisdom they offer to our listeners.

Welcome to the Raw Talk Reunion mini series where we touch base with past team members! In this first episode (#124), we sit down with our Co-Founders, Richie Jeremian and Jabir Mohamed, to delve into their founding visions for the podcast. They share insights into the evolution of the podcast and reflect on how the team and structure of Raw Talk has expanded over the past eight seasons. Keep an eye out for the next episode (#125), where we catch up with more Raw Talk Podcast alum!

Conversations around generational differences in the workplace are becoming increasingly common. Contentious issues around working expectations and treatment are happening across many fields, including healthcare. Nurses, in particular, have faced many challenges in recent years, particularly as a result of the pandemic and widespread employee shortages, and the field has become a hotbed for conversations around generational working styles. To better understand how generational dynamics are impacting the field and how the newer generation of nurses see their futures, we spoke to undergraduate nursing students Vivian Li and Avery Russell, and graduate nursing students Kimberly Villacorta and Ben Le, at the Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing at the University of Toronto. Each guest shared their path to nursing and reflected on their education and experience thus far. They also shed light on the biggest challenges facing the field right now, particularly those impacting nursing trainees. Finally, our guests shared key lessons they’ve learnt from senior colleagues as well as what they would like them to know about the new generation. Join us in hearing from the newer generation of nurses! 

Trauma-related injuries are severe and can often lead to long-lasting adverse patient outcomes such as physical damage, mental health struggles, diminished quality of life, and even death. In fact, it is one of the leading causes of death both nationwide and globally. In this episode, we sit down with three experts in trauma care: Dr. Homer Tien (Trauma Surgeon at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and President and CEO of Ornge), Dr. Suzanne Beno (Medical Co-Director of the Trauma Program at Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children), and Dr. Brodie Nolan (Emergency Physician and Trauma Team Leader at St. Michael’s Hospital). Each guest shed light on the current state of trauma care in different fields. Dr. Tien provides us with a comprehensive overview of the trauma systems and the intersection between civilian and military trauma care. Dr. Beno shares insight into pediatric trauma care and how it compares to adult trauma care. And finally, Dr. Brodie Nolan provides us with an overview of the current research in trauma care. Join us as we dive deep into the fascinating world of trauma systems and research. 

What do you think when you hear the words “Bill 60”? 

For years, public versus private healthcare has been a topic of debate. But how much do we really know? Tune in to hear Dr. Allin, Director of the North American Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, and Dr. Danyaal Raza, health reformer and founding advisor of Progress Toronto answer our questions about healthcare privatization. In this episode of Raw Talk, we learned how different healthcare systems function, the economic (and political) sustainability of healthcare models, and how our own Canadian healthcare system compares to other international models. Our guests discuss both the pros and cons of certain healthcare models, as well as more nuanced topics like motivations behind how healthcare is provisioned, who is most greatly impacted by changes to the system, and their own opinions on how to most effectively treat patients. 

Written by: Gil Angela Dela Cruz

In an era where medications like Ozempic are gaining popularity for their off-label use as weight loss drugs, the dialogue on societal perceptions of weight and health is increasingly relevant. Listen in on our thought-provoking discussions featuring Ali Eberhardt (registered dietician at the Provincial Adult Tertiary Specialized Eating Disorders Program) and Dr. Catherine Sabiston, (Canada Research Chair in Physical Activity and Mental Health) as we explore how societal structures, media, and body ideals intertwine to shape our understanding of weight loss.

Canadians in rural areas make up one-fifth of the population yet are served by only 8% of the physician population. With limited access to primary care, mental health care, and specialist care, rural Canadians experience worse health outcomes compared to the rest of the population. In this episode of Raw Talk Podcast, we dive into the current state of rural health care in Canada. Our featured guests in this episode are Dr. Ojistoh Horn (Family Physician at Akwesasne Medical Clinic and Lecturer at McGill University) and Dr. Catherine Cervin (Retired Family Physician and former Vice Dean Academic at Northern Ontario School of Medicine). Our guests provide us with an overview of social, political, and environmental differences in rural settings and the challenges faced by these communities in accessing various health care resources. Dr. Horn speaks about her experience as a physician in a rural community and strategies for navigating various equity, cultural sensitivity, and accessibility issues. Dr. Cervin provides an outline of education, skills, and training requirements to train as a physician in a rural setting. Our guests end off with some advice to the next generation of medical students aspiring to care for Canadians in rural areas. 

In this two-part episode, we discuss two very important topics related to Women’s Health; Endometriosis and Cervical Cancer. Please listen to Part 1 if you haven't already!

Cervical cancer is a very common cancer among young women. Early detection, primarily done via cervical screening (also known as a pap smear), greatly improves the chances of successful treatment and survival. In Part 2, we hear from Naomi Forward (Co-Founder of Thyia) and Beth Dobson (Senior Designer at Mettle Studio), who discuss the screening process behind cervical cancer and the importance of early detection of this condition. They also discuss accessibility of screening, cost of screening, screening inside and outside a healthcare setting, and many more important topics. 

In this two-part episode, we discuss two very important topics related to Women’s Health; Endometriosis and Cervical Cancer. 

Everyone wants to be seen and heard, especially in the context of their health and well-being. Unfortunately, this hasn’t always been the case for individuals with endometriosis. In Part 1, we take a deep dive into understanding endometriosis and gain some valuable insight into the journey of being diagnosed from our guests. We hear from Dr. Jamie Kroft (Obstetrician-Gynaecologist and Gynaecologist surgeon at Sunnybrook Hospital) and Amanda Weston (Research Quality Associate, University Health Network) who has lived experience with endometriosis.

Medical imaging, from the familiar X-rays to advanced MRI and CT scans, has revolutionized healthcare. These techniques allow us to glimpse inside, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions. At the heart of these processes are radiologists, the medical detectives who decipher these images and translate them into diagnoses guiding patient care. Looking ahead, artificial intelligence (AI) looms large on the horizon. The potential for AI to enhance medical imaging has received increased interest. Imagine algorithms that can spot anomalies in seconds or even predict diseases before symptoms occur! In this episode, we hear from Dr. Michael McInnis (Thoracic Radiologist at JDMI; Radiology Quality Assurance Lead at UHN High Risk Lung Cancer Screening Program; Assistant Professor at UofT), Dr. April Khademi (Associate Professor, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering at TMU; Principal Investigator of the Image Analysis in Medicine Lab; Affiliate Scientist, St. Michael’s Hospital; Researcher at iBEST, TMU; Researcher at T-CAIREM, UofT), and Dr. Trevor McKee (CEO and Co-founder, Pathomics; Adjunct Lecturer, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, UofT).  Join us as we explore the basics of medical imaging, the critical role of radiologists, the dynamic partnership of industry and academia, and the potential integration of AI in medical imaging. This episode will shine light on how medical imaging is shaping the present and the future of healthcare.

When 911 is called for medical assistance, paramedics are the personnel that are dispatched to provide transport and emergency medical care. Paramedics are generally known to play an essential role in our healthcare systems and are often regarded as the first-line of medical services in the community before reaching the hospital setting. However, paramedicine is more than just ambulatory and emergency care. In this episode, we hear from Cheryl Cameron (Paramedic from Alberta; Director of Operations of Canadian Virtual Hospice; PhD Student at Monash University; Senior Fellow with the NcNally Project for Paramedicine Research), Melissa Vose (Advanced Care Paramedic from British Columbia) and Amir Allana (Paramedic from Ontario and British Columbia; Masters Degree in the Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation at the University of Toronto; Fellow at the McNally Project for Paramedicine Research) who provide us with a deep dive into the fascinating and dynamic discipline of paramedicine. Our guests share their experiences as paramedics, address systemic issues within paramedicine, and introduce us to the expansion of paramedicine outside of primary and emergency care.  

The sports and fitness spaces play an important role in fostering communities – we can challenge our physical and mental capabilities, form ever-lasting bonds with teammates, find an avenue to relieve stress and find a sense of connectedness with other people. Our very own Braeden and Swapna sit down to talk about their love for sports and their journeys in this space. We hope their conversation inspires you to start your own journey in this space. In this episode, we listen to valuable insights about the different barriers Muslim women face when pursuing athletic activities in our conversation with Rishada, a program director at Hijabi Ballers, an organisation based in the Greater Toronto Area that aims to recognize and celebrate the athleticism of Muslim girls and women.

http://www.hijabiballers.com/

In this special episode, we reflect on our Raw Talk Live event, themed "Finding the Cutoff" - an interesting panel discussion on identifying and addressing social biases in healthcare data. Through a candid conversation between members of the Raw Talk Podcast team and data science and healthcare experts on this ever-evolving topic, we touch on what biases exist in healthcare data, how they affect clinical practice, and how they inform care of racially marginalized communities. We hear from Dr. Pascal Tyrell (Associate Professor, Medical Imaging & Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto), Sara Fung (Healthcare Advocate and Co-host of the "Gritty Nurse Podcast"), and Dr. Azadeh Yadollahi (Senior Scientist at the KITE Research Insitute, University Health Network), as they discuss these topics with our Events Coordinator and Show Host, Adrian Dychiao. 

The spaces we live, work, play in shape our health and our psyche - and healthcare spaces are no different. In this episode, we take a deep, multifaceted look at the field of healthcare architecture. Our guests give us valuable insights into how hospitals are designed and how elements of clinical care, sound design, and innovative research combine to create spaces we all experience sickness and health in. We hear from "dochitect" Dr. Diana Anderson (board-certified healthcare architect and internist at VA Boston Health System), Dr. Michaela Cada (hematologist-oncologist and Chief Clinical Planning Officer of Project Horizon), and Dr. John Straube (registered professional engineer and Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo).

In this episode of Raw Talk Podcast, we dive into the big world of little humans as we explore the topic of neonatology. Our guests give us an overview of what neonatology as a field encompasses and the very special population that neonatologists serve. This episode also dives into the impacts of research and new medications in the NICU, challenges regarding disparities of care, and the real life experience of a NICU family. This episode features notable guests like Dr. Estelle Gauda (Division Head, Neonatology at SickKids and Professor of Pediatrics at University of Toronto), Dr. Pia Wintermark (Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics at McGill University), Dr. Tamorah Lewis (Division Head for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology at SickKids), Dr. Zulfiqar Bhutta (Director of Research at the Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids), and most especially, Kimberley and Christina Foreman, who kindly shared their personal experiences at the NICU with us. 

Back to school season is in full force, and students ride the rollercoaster of academia for another year. This is where students face new joys, opportunities and challenges along the way. As technology and scientific advancements progress at a rate faster than we’ve ever seen before, graduate, post-graduate, medical and other professional students embark on a journey of research and of adulthood all at once. In today’s episode, we have a roundtable discussion to exchange views on our hopes and struggles as a graduate student. Our teams shared stories of our first research experiences, tips on finding balance between personal and academic life and keys to success learned along the way. Each of our stories are unique but common themes of resilience, collaborative work, networking with faculty and peers, coping with societal expectations and finding ways to balance a busy lifestyle can be seen. Things aren’t always easy, and they definitely aren’t pretty all the time, but through these experiences we gain knowledge that helps contribute to science, and changing the world. Although it’s a struggle, it is a collective one and we lean on one another to be the best version of ourselves. We have fun together, we support each other, and we grow stronger. 

Written by Radha 

[This episode was hosted by Angela and Noor. Hannah, Sonika, Braeden, Julia, and Belinda participated in our roundtable discussion. Alex and Junayd were our audio engineers. Noor was the executive producer]

Think back to the last time you fell ill or were having a bad day - you likely reached out to your loved ones for support to help you feel better and get through the day productively. Now, think of those with terminal illness or those from marginalized communities seeking care for a chronic condition - for many of them, the first point of contact is a caregiver, helping them with following treatment regimens to even daily activities of living, like eating or changing. 

They are instrumental to the wellbeing of those who cannot care for themselves - but who cares for the caregivers?

This episode aims to explore the role of personal support workers and family caregivers in promoting health in families and communities, and the unique physical, cultural, and policy challenges they face, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We speak with Taylor Booroff (spokesperson of the Ontario PSW Association), Ron Beleno (family caregiver and advocate for caregivers of older adults with AGE-WELL), and Danielle Alcock (patient navigator for Indigenous communities in Southwestern Ontario).

Love is a complicated, painful, wonderful, and abstract thing we are all familiar with. From the fleeting moments of bliss to the deepest relationships, love has also been the subject of objective study, yielding some diverse yet incredible insights. In this episode, we are joined by Rebecca Horne (PhD candidate in the Department of Psychology, University of Toronto), Carole Sandy (a couples and family therapist based in Toronto), and Dawn Maslar-Biggie (award-winning author and Adjunct Professor of Biology based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) as we explore the science behind love, attraction, and relationships. We hope this episode can highlight some interesting facts about the neuroscience and psychology of love, and how we can use that to create better relationships.

In 2021, Dr. David Julius and Dr. Ardem Patapoutian won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries related to temperature and touch receptors. In this episode, Dr. Rose Hill and Dr. Robert Bonin introduce us to this topic of  sensory perception, specifically touch and pain. Dr. Bonin describes how we experience pain, delving into acute vs chronic pain, thresholds to pain, and the distinction between nociception and pain. Dr. Hill also shares about her experience being in Dr. Patapoutian's Nobel winning lab, and her work on the perception of itch. Additionally, we get a deeper look into the inner workings of the Nobel Prize, as Dr. Abdel El Manira shares about his time on the Nobel Committee and the inner workings of the Nobel. Join us on this episode, as we unravel touch and the Nobel Prize. 

Written by: Veena Sanmugananthan

Links

Discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch

Bonin Lab

UofT Centre for the Study of Pain

Dr. Hill profile

A trio of ion channels takes the heat

Profile of 2021 Nobel Prize winners

The field of forensics encompasses the intersection between law and science. This episode explores forensics in more detail. Our guests, Chief Coroner of Ontario, Dr. Dirk Huyer, and Deputy Chief Forensic Pathologist, Dr. Jayantha Herath, share the investigative perspective including behind the scenes of their professions, the intersection with the judicial system, and systemic social issues in forensics. Sheila Early, a forensic nurse and co-founder of the Canadian Forensic Nurses Association (CFNA), shares how healthcare contributes to this field, how it is to work with forensic patients, and her history with the CFNA. This episode takes a deep dive into the truth about forensics, its misconceptions, and how technology evolves alongside. 

Written by: Gil Angela Dela Cruz (Content Creator) and Veena Sanmugananthan (Content Creator and Science Writer)

Clinical Examination and Reporting of a Victim of Torture

Lawyer’s Guide to the Forensic Sciences

Making Sense of a Global Pandemic: Relationship Violence & Working Together Towards a Violence Free Society

Episode Team:

Atefeh Mohammadi (Episode Lead and Show Host), Kayvan Alfaki (Show Host), Gil Angela Dela Cruz (Content Creator), Veena Sanmugananthan (Content Creator and Science Writer), Anukrati Nigam (Audio Engineer), Anam Islam (Promotions), Janine Truong (Graphic Design). 

One of the most underappreciated inventions in history can be dated back to 15th century Europe when German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg developed the printing press which, for the first time ever, automated the book-printing process. This newfound ability to productively disseminate knowledge and ideas revolutionized society overnight. In fact, English intellectual Francis Bacon, who is known for popularizing the scientific method, famously wrote that the three inventions that forever changed the world were gunpowder, the nautical compass, and the printing press. Books and libraries opened science for citizens outside of the elite intellectual circle. And now, with the advent of computers and digitalization of information, we continue to see science become more accessible. On this episode, show hosts Zeynep and Sumi speak to Dr. Anthony Bonato, Mathematics professor at Ryerson University, Dr. Leslie Chan, principal investigator of the Open and Collaborative Science in Development Network, and Dr. Brian Baigrie, associate professor at University of Toronto’s Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. We hear about their thoughts on open access, how it is generally perceived in the scientific community, its importance and feasibility globally, and finally, how it helped shape scientific communication throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Written by: Sumi 

Links:

Unsettling Knowledge Inequities Podcast

Bioline International

Information on Open Access

Budapest Open Access Initiative

For more on Publishing: Episode #65 Investing in Knowledge: The Life Cycle of Research 

Rachael Ainsworth TedTalk (TEDxMacclesfield): Research Culture is Broken; Open Science can Fix It 

Should bad science be censored on social media? This complex ethical dilemma, stemming from the Information Age beginning in the mid 20th century, is proving to be a real challenge as we continue to navigate the unprecedented repercussions of widespread technology implementation in human life. With the advent of computers, we’ve seen exponential growth in the capacity to process, store, and communicate information. This epochal shift in knowledge transmission has undoubtedly catalyzed many scientific discoveries, improving the lives of millions. However, among this information explosion we also find false, fabricated, or misleading information which ultimately countervails the goals of science to pursue truth. On this episode, show hosts Dennis and Jason interview Dr. Anna Blakney, assistant professor at the University of British Columbia, and Sandhya & Swapna Mylabathula (STEAM sisters), PhD students at U of T, to find out how they use TikTok, YouTube, and other social media platforms to communicate science responsibly and effectively. Additionally, Dr. Eric Merkley, assistant professor at U of T, shares his perspective on the political mechanisms of misinformation spread on mass media. Raw Talk members Jesse, Junayd, Jason & Sumi also contribute their thoughts on the potential for censorship as a means to regulate bad science.

Written by: Sumiha Karunagaran

How do I spot misinformation? University of Toronto Libraries

Birdwatch on Twitter: Twitter launched a pilot initiative called Birdwatch that allows users to write notes about Tweets that could be misleading.

ScienceUpFirst: A national initiative operated by the Canadian Association of Science Centres that works with a collective of independent scientists, researchers, healthcare experts and science communicators to share the best available science to stop the spread of misinformation. 

Canada’s Digital Citizen Research Program

Students from underrrepresented groups in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields often experience a myriad of challenges due to a variety of systemic barriers such as lack of representation or diversity, appropriate financial support, and having a supportive learning environment. In this episode, our team and guests take a deep dive into the importance of representation, mentorship and community within STEM fields, as well as elaborate on how they feel these environments should be improved. We speak to Mohsen Poorganji, the co-founder of the Institute of Medical Science (IMS) International Student Group, Layan Elfaki, the president of the Black Graduate Student Association (BGSA) at the University of Toronto (UofT), and Dr. Andrea Boggild, the Medical Director of the Tropical Diseases Unit at University Health Network and an Associate Professor at UofT. Listen to these conversations along with our hosts, Daniel and Rachel, who chime in and reflect on their learnings throughout the episode.

Incorporating Indigenous Cultures and Realities in STEM

IMS International Student Group 

Black Graduate Student Association 

Community of Support

As a patient, you would want the best care to come to you. You would want to be able to access health services, empathetic staff, and any medications you need. As a citizen, you likely want that for others who are in need of healthcare assistance. So why is this not the case once people are behind bars?

"Imagine yourself in a box trying to reach out for help." That is what one of our guests, Lawrence Da Silva, host of Voices Inside and Out, described what it was like to be in need of healthcare services in prison. 

In this episode, we dive deep into the reality that is healthcare in a prison setting. We are also joined by Catherine Latimer, the executive director of the John Howard Society, and Dr. Kiran Patel, a staff psychiatrist at CAMH's Forensic Division. They touch on topics like the accessibility of care as related to the Canada Health Act, specific challenges like mental health and the effect of prison transfers, and what is being done by organizations like the John Howard Society to help. We hope this episode can highlight some important aspects about the reality of life behind bars. 

Written by: Angela Dela Cruz

Links

The Nelson Mandela Rules

The Ashley Smith Inquest

Elizabeth Fry Toronto

The John Howard Society 

Voices Inside and Out Podcast

Canada Health Act

Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA)

Indigenous People in Federal Custody: Government of Canada

Race and Incarceration: The Representation and Characteristics of Black People in Provincial Correctional Facilities in Ontario, Canada

Houses of hate: How Canada's prison system is broken 

How You Can Get Involved: John Howard Society of Canada 

CAMH: Services and Support After Incarceration 

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased use of the terms “healthcare provider burnout” and “healthcare heroes”. Within the media, we have seen these terms be trending hashtags, top news headlines, or may have heard them stated by government officials in their press releases...but what do they really mean? In this episode from Raw Talk you will hear from our guests - Dr. Kim McMillan a nurse-researcher and assistant professor at the University of Ottawa; Dr. Amit Arya a palliative care physician at North York General and Kensington Hospice; medical residents Dr. Simone Bernstein from Washington University and Dr. Yezarni Wynn from the University of Toronto; and a nurse and PhD candidate Emily Rowland from the University of Toronto - burnout affects each person differently and has a rippling effect for both the individual and the health system as a whole. Further, our guests share their perspectives of what a “healthcare hero” means to them; perspectives that may be different from how they were portrayed in the media. Finally, we conclude our episode with ideas to decrease provider burnout and advice for our medical learner listeners. Happy listening!

Article: Study exploring the impact of rural health system factors on physician burnout: a mixed-methods study in Northern Canada

In honour of our 100th episode here at Raw Talk Podcast, we are celebrating another anniversary this year: 100 years since the discovery of insulin, a life saving treatment for diabetes that happened here at the University of Toronto. This discovery earned the scientists behind it the 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and was a pivotal moment in Canadian medical science research. In this episode, we sat down with Dr. Daniel Drucker, a senior scientist at the Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute who gave us a crash course on diabetes, insulin, and the research leading up to the discovery of insulin. Next, we spoke with Jennifer Da Cruz, a diabetes patient, educator and public health nurse at Unison Health and Community Services in Toronto. Finally, we met with Dr. Paraish Misra, a nephrologist, and a PhD candidate in the Nostro lab at the University of Toronto, who told us about some of the exciting new frontiers in stem cell research for diabetes treatment - or possibly even cure.

Dr. Daniel Drucker Diabetes Canada Dr. Paraish Misra Open Insulin Foundation Article - The absurdly high cost of insulin, explained Article - Why people with diabetes can't buy generic insulin Review Article - Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells

Humanitarian crises from around the world, attributed to various causes such as war and climate change, have resulted in the displacement of millions of people worldwide. Some of these displaced individuals journey to other countries, such as Canada, to settle and start new lives. However, a refugee’s journey doesn’t end once they arrive in their new home, they must navigate a new system to access housing, healthcare, and education, while potentially facing numerous barriers along the way. In this episode of Raw Talk, we interview experts to gain a Canadian perspective on the unique health experience of refugees, and the resettlement process for refugees living in Canada. Steve Meagher discusses who refugees are and the barriers they face to accessing healthcare services in Canada. Dr. Praseedha Janakiram sheds light on the diversity of refugees and their journeys from leaving their homeland to settling into a new life. Dr. Meb Rashid speaks to the routine health issues that refugee families face and how primary and community healthcare is tailored to those needs.

Centre for Refugee Children Women’s College Hospital Crossroads Clinic The Toronto Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration (TAAAC) The Canadian Collaborative Mental Health Care Conference - Dr. Janakiram speaking Christie Refugee Welcome Centre Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture

Have you ever wondered how the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) decides what substances are banned in professional sport? Or what it’s like to get tested for prohibited substances? In this episode of Raw Talk, we interview experts on anti-doping and the use of performance enhancing drugs. James Fitzgerald explains the many tools that WADA uses to combat doping in sport, from dried blood spot analysis to machine learning. We also speak to two Canadian Olympic athletes, Evan Dunfee and Maddy Kelly, about their experiences getting tested, what kinds of pressures they felt to perform, and the tainted beef controversy. Lastly, Dr. Dean St. Mart tells us about the health risks of steroids - in the context of bodybuilding - from androgen receptors to “blasting and cruising”, and explores whether its possible to use such performance enhancing drugs safely. We hope you enjoy the expertise and diverse perspectives our fascinating guests shared with us on this week’s episode.

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Global Drug Reference Online (Global DRO) Yes, Evan Dunfee is the Kraft Dinner guy Supplement Needs

Post-graduate education. This is where students learn the joy and importance of scientific discoveries and advancement firsthand. This is also where students face realities of research and of adulthood all at once. In today’s episode, we have a roundtable discussion to exchange views on our hopes and struggles as a graduate student. From sharing our unique stories, we see common themes such as building a healthy relationship with our supervisor, networking with peers, managing stress from the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and coping with failure to prevent burnout. Our fellow graduate student Samantha Ing-Esteves, the founder of the Graduate Representation Committee (GRC) in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine at University of Toronto, also joins us and speaks to the data collected by GRC representing our financial struggles. Sam also explains to us how GRC strives to advocate for domestic and international graduate students. From the good, the bad, and the ugly, we gain rich learning experiences as a graduate student and continue to contribute to science the best we can. The struggle is real, but so is the adventure. We have fun together, we support each other, and we grow stronger. And most importantly, we keep it raw.

GRC Student Finance and Living Survey 2021-2022 GRC Student Finance and Living Report 2019 U of T Community of Support Tips and Secrets to Choosing your IMS Courses 100 Reasons Not to Go to Graduate School

The Human Genome Project -- to sequence all genes in human DNA -- took over a decade and about $5 billion dollars to complete. Today, we can get the same results in 2 months for about $5000, or even over a weekend if we really need it. As a result, more and more people have access to genetic testing. For many families affected by inheritable conditions, these tests can be invaluable. But is this the precision medicine revolution we've been promised? In this episode of Raw Talk Podcast, we gather experts in genetic testing and genetic counselling to find out. We'll explore what genetic testing really looks like, what the results can mean for families, and learn about the growing field of genetic counselling. First, we spoke with Dr. Raymond Kim, medical geneticist at the University Health Network, who told us about the history and future trajectory of medical genetics. We also sat down with genetic counsellors Stacy Hewson and Laura Zahavich, who direct and lecture for the genetic counselling master's program here at the University of Toronto; they shared with us their challenging but rewarding experiences supporting families to order, interpret, and process genetic tests. Finally, we heard from Huntington's Disease researcher and carrier Dr. Jeff Carroll, who shared his story with genetic testing personally and while family planning. We hope to shed a light on the exciting fields of medical genetics and genetic counselling, and the growing number of genetic tools that might truly revolutionize healthcare as we know it.

Written by: Adrine de Souza

Dr. Raymond Kim - Webpage Stacy Hewson - Webpage Laura Zahavich - Webpage Dr. Jeff Carroll - Webpage University of Toronto MSc in Genetic Counselling Program Article - Prioritizing diversity in human genomics research gnomAD: Genome Aggregation Database Raw Talk Podcast - Season 5 Listener Survey

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) was legalized in Canada in 2016 under Bill C-14 after decades of public dialogue and debate. This episode takes a deep dive into MAiD, the death and dying experience, and what these mean to patients, families, care providers, and others involved in the health system. We had the pleasure to sit down with and learn from Sally Bean, Director of Policy and Ethics at Sunnybrook Hospital; Dr. Madeline Li, Psychiatrist and Lead of the Psychosocial Oncology Division, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; Dr. Ahmed Al-Awamer, Palliative Care Physician and Director of Postgraduate Medical Education, University Health Network; and Steve Legere, a patient diagnosed with incurable cancer who has been approved for MAiD, and his partner, Christine Legere. Each of these individuals takes us through a different aspect of living and dying at the end of life and how MAiD has impacted their respective lives and professional roles.

Written by: Larkin Davenport Huyer

Canada's new medical assistance in dying (MAID) law Madeline Li's Maclean's article Article: Medical Assistance in Dying - Implementing a Hospital-Based Program in Canada

For many people, childhood memories hold a special place in our hearts. Childhood experiences also impact our journey through life, shaping our personality, relationships, and conceptions of right and wrong. But not all childhood memories are bright, and many children suffer significant trauma through maltreatment by family members or other trusted adults. In this episode, we explore the difficult topic of child maltreatment with the help of our esteemed guests. First, Dr. Tracie Afifi, a Professor in Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba, describes the scope of child maltreatment in Canada, and describes intervention and prevention strategies. Next, Dr. Robert T. Muller, a Clinical Psychologist, Professor of Psychology at York University, and bestselling author on trauma therapy, tells us about the goals, pitfalls, and successful strategies in psychotherapy for patients with childhood trauma. Finally, Dr. Katreena Scott, an Associate Professor and Clinical Psychologist at the University of Toronto, explores the complex familial contexts in which child maltreatment can arise, and describes the unique intervention program she and her team have pioneered to help break the cycle.

Written by: Tsukiko Miyata

Local Children's Aid Societies (Ontario) Profile - Dr. Tracie Afifi Profile - Dr. Robert T. Muller Profile - Dr. Katreena Scott Book - Trauma and the Struggle to Open Up: From Avoidance to Recovery and Growth Book - Trauma and the Avoidant Client: Attachment-Based Strategies for Healing Caring Dads Adverse Childhood Experiences Global look at Child Maltreatment (WHO) Child Maltreatment in Canada Indigenous people and Child Maltreatment

Since their discovery in the 1920's, antibiotics have allowed the field of medicine to make leaps and bounds in innovation. The ability to treat bacterial infections reliably and effectively have made transplant surgeries, cancer chemotherapy, and treating what were once considered deadly infections, like pneumonia, a routine part of our health care. However, antibiotic resistance can occur when the bacteria being targeted change in response and render the antibiotic ineffective. Antibiotic resistance is a global threat and there are concerns that by the year 2050, antibiotic resistant infections could cause more than 10 million deaths annually. In this episode, we explore the drivers of antibiotic resistance around the world and speak to researchers tackling this issue through their research on innovative therapies and solutions. First, Dr. Thomas Van Boeckel explains the major driving forces and global trends in development of antibiotic resistance and system wide policy level changes required to tackle the threat. Dr. Erin Duffy takes us through the innovative work being done at CARB-X, a non-profit initiative to accelerate research in the field globally. Finally, Chidozie Ojobor from the University of Toronto, talks to us about his research on tailocins, a promising new technology he is researching for combating antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Written by: Anam Islam

CDC antibiotic resistance threat report, 2.8 million AR cases each year in the USA Global trends in antimicrobial resistance in animals in low- and middle-income countries Dr. Van Boeckel's university profile page Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations CARB-X portfolio Davidson Lab at UofT

Pharmaceutical drugs are a pillar of modern healthcare - from preventative medicines to life-saving therapies. We therefore rely on pharmaceutical companies to discover, develop, and deliver new drugs to patients in need. We know that this process is both risky and expensive, but does that justify the drug prices we see in Canada today? Who decides what’s a fair drug price anyways? And what is the role of academic science in this whole operation? Join us as we answer these questions and more, with our expert guests: Dr Alison Symington, consultant with Life Sciences Ontario, describes the process of drug discovery and the relationships between academia and industry. Dr. Wong-Rieger, President and CEO of Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, describes the challenges faced by individuals with rare diseases. Dr. Nigel Rawson, Senior Fellow with the Fraser Institute, introduces us to the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board and their upcoming changes. Finally, Dr. Joel Lexchin, Emergency physician at the University Health Network and Canadian drug policy expert, explains some of the challenges to setting fair drug prices in Canada.

Written by: Adrine de Souza

Profile - Dr. Alison Symington Profile - Dr. Durhane Wong-Rieger Profile - Dr. Nigel Rawson Profile - Dr. Joel Lexchin Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) Proposed PMPRB changes Canada Pharmacare Act (Bill C-213) Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders (CORD) Innovative Medicines Canada Article - academic vs industry for drug discovery Drug Discovery @ U of T

Many factors including income, food security, or housing can have a huge contribution to our health. These are known as the social determinants of health (SDoH). In this episode, we discuss some common SDoH, how they impact our health, and what some leading physicians are doing to tackle the issue. Our guests, Dr. Andrew Boozary, Dr. Andrew Pinto, and Dr. Kate Mulligan discuss topics such as, the teaching of SDoH in the medical curriculum, how the SDoH have been exacerbated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as current and future efforts to address the SDoH and decrease the associated health disparities. All of our guests are actively working to change our health system and the way we provide care to improve the health disparities we see in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and beyond.

Written by: Larkin Davenport Huyer

Dr. Andrew Boozary's Twitter Dr. Kate Mulligan's Twitter Dr. Andrew Pinto's Twitter Upstream Lab Social Medicine at UHN as reported by Toronto Star Public Health Ontario's report on SDoH in COVID19