The partiality we display, insofar as we form and sustain personal attachments, is not normatively fundamental. It is a byproduct of the deference and responsiveness that are essential to our engagement with the world. We cannot form and sustain valuable personal relationships without seeing ourselves as answerable to the other participants in those relationships. And we cannot develop and sustain valuable projects without responding to the constraints imposed on our activities by the nature and requirements of those projects themselves. More generally, we cannot engage with the world without meeting it on its terms, and we cannot meet the world on its terms without responding differentially – or displaying partiality – with respect to the objects of our engagement. Partiality is thus a byproduct of engagement. We cannot engage with the world at all without exhibiting forms of partiality.

Samuel Scheffler is University Professor in the Department of Philosophy at NYU. He works primarily in the areas of moral and political philosophy and the theory of value. His writings have addressed central questions in ethical theory, and he has also written on topics as diverse as equality, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, toleration, terrorism, immigration, tradition, death, and the future of humanity. Scheffler received his A.B. from Harvard and his Ph.D. from Princeton. From 1977-2008 he taught at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of six books: The Rejection of Consequentialism, Human Morality, Boundaries and Allegiances, Equality and Tradition, Death and the Afterlife (Niko Kolodny ed.), and Why Worry about Future Generations? He has received fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, and he has been a Visiting Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. His first book was awarded the Matchette Prize of the American Philosophical Association. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, and a foreign member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He is currently at work on a book (tentatively) titled The Lives We Lead: Personal Attachment and the Passage of Time.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr Scheffler's talk - "Partiality, Deference, and Engagement" - at the Aristotelian Society on 20th June 2022. This recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

At a climactic—and, indeed, incendiary—moment in Bernard Williams’ classic essay, “Internal and External Reasons,” Williams says that those who advance moral criticisms by appealing to so-called external reasons are engaging in “bluff”. Williams thus alleges that condemning certain actions of others as somehow not only immoral, but also irrational or contrary to reason is nothing more than a kind of pretense. To say that a favorite pastime that so many of us happily engage in is empty, well—to use an American colloquialism—“them’s fightin’ words!” Indeed, in criticizing certain moral criticisms in this way, Williams’ words are fightin’ words about fightin’ words.

Why does Williams proffer these meta-fightin’ words? Readers—and indeed perhaps Williams himself—have struggled to articulate a precise argument for this claim that there are no external reasons and that those who try to invoke them in criticism of others are engaging in bluff. Thus, the force of Williams’ point has remained, at best, elusive, perhaps even to Williams himself.

In this paper, I first want to defend Williams’ claim that the appeal to external reasons is illegitimate. But I will do so from a perspective that is radically different from the ones usually at work in considering Williams’ position. Indeed, this perspective is one that may or may not (probably not!) be in the spirit of Williams’ actual reasons for rejecting external reasons, so it is important to keep in mind (as I will remind you from time to time) that I am not offering an interpretation of Williams here. The distinctive aspect of my approach is that I argue that a rationalist line of thought can support Williams’ claims. To bring out this line of thought, I will examine the metaphysical commitments of those who engage in what Williams calls bluff. I will then reject those commitments on powerful and widely popular rationalist grounds. I will, in other words, endeavor to support Williams’ charge of bluff by investigating what I call the metaphysics of bluff and by offering a rationalist critique of that metaphysics.

Michael Della Rocca is Andrew Downey Orrick Professor of Philosophy at Yale University. He has published widely in early modern philosophy and in contemporary metaphysics. His most recent book, The Parmenidean Ascent (Oxford 2020), defends a radical form of monism in metaphysics, philosophy of action, epistemology, and philosophy of language.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr Della Rocca's talk - "Moral Criticism and the Metaphyscis of Bluff" - at the Aristotelian Society on 6th June 2022. This recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Metaphysicians are in the business of making and defending modal claims – claims about how things must be or cannot be. Wittgenstein’s opposition to necessity claims, along with his various negative remarks about ‘metaphysical’ uses of language, makes it seem almost a truism that Wittgenstein was opposed to metaphysics. In this paper I want to make a case for rejecting that apparent truism. My thesis is that it is illuminating to characterise what Wittgenstein and Anscombe are doing in their philosophical writing as metaphysics without manufactured necessities. Doing so helps to articulate a sharper, more interesting, critique of contemporary metaphysical practices than therapeutic or linguistic framings of Wittgenstein’s method make possible. It also allows us to place Anscombe in the context of a tradition of British metaphysics that emerged in the 1940s in an attempt to reverse the devastating impact on ethics of the new ‘analytical’ philosophy.

Rachael Wiseman is Senior Lecturer in Philosphy at University of Liverpool. She is the author of the Routledge Guidebook to Anscombe’s Intention (Routledge, 2016) and, with Clare Mac Cumhaill, Metaphysical Animals (Chatto & Windus, 2022) — a joint philosophical biography of GEM Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley and Iris Murdoch. She is associate editor (for analytic philosophy) at British Journal for the History of Philosophy.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr Wiseman's talk - "Metaphysics by Analogy" - at the Aristotelian Society on 17 January 2022. This recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Jules Holroyd was a lecturer in the philosophy department at the University of Nottingham. Her research interests are in moral psychology, political philosophy and feminist philosophy. Her recent research has focused on how our models of responsibility and agency might be responsive to the ndings of empirical psychology. She is working on a Leverhulme funded project with psychologists at the University of Sheffield, investigating how moral responses - such as blame - might in uence the expression of implicit bias. In January 2016 Jules will join the University of Shef eld as a Vice-Chancellor’s Fellow.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Holroyd's talk - 'What Do We Want From a Model of Implicit Cognition?' - at the Aristotelian Society on 8 February 2016. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

James Wilson integrates philosophy with other relevant disciplines, such as epidemiology, economics and political theory to explore conceptual and practical challenges in the sustainable and equitable improvement of human wellbeing. He focuses particularly on public health ethics, and the ownership and governance of ideas and information. He received his PhD from UCL in 2002, then held temporary lectureships in Philosophy at University of Roehampton (2002-3) and Birkbeck (2003-4), before becoming Lecturer in Ethics at the Keele University (2004-8). He has been at UCL since 2008, rst as Lecturer in Philosophy and Health, and then as Senior Lecturer in Philosophy.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Wilson's talk - 'Internal and External Validity in Thought Experiments' - at the Aristotelian Society on 25 January 2016. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Tim Bayne holds the Rotman Chair in the Philosophy of Neuroscience at the University of Western Ontario and is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manchester. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Otago and his doctorate from the University of Arizona. He is the author of The Unity of Consciousness (OUP, 2010) and Thought: A Very Short Introduction (OUP, 2013). His current research focuses on the measurement of consciousness and the use of neuroimaging to ascribe consciousness to brain-damaged patients.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Bayne's talk - 'Gist!' - at the Aristotelian Society on 11 January 2016. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Fiona Woollard is an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Southampton. She works in normative and applied ethics, the philosophy of sex and the philosophy of pregnancy and motherhood. In her first book, Doing and Allowing Harm (Oxford, 2015), she argues that constraints against doing harm and permissions to allow harm are necessary for anything to belong to a person, even that person’s body. She also defends a ‘moderate’ account of requirements to prevent harm to others.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Woollard's talk - 'Dimensions of Demandingness' - at the Aristotelian Society on 30 November 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Jérôme Dokic is Professor of Cognitive Philosophy at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (now part of PSL Research University) and a member of Institut Jean-Nicod in Paris. He has written many essays on indexicality, perception, memory and imagination. His work has lately focused on philosophical and empirical issues concerning noetic or metacognitive feelings such as presence, familiarity and confidence. His books include La philosophie du son with Roberto Casati (Philosophy of sound, Chambon, 1994), L’esprit en mouvement. Essai sur la dynamique cognitive (Mind in motion. Essay on cognitive dynamics, CSLI, Stanford, 2001), Qu’est-ce que la perception? (What is perception?, Vrin, 2nd edition 2009) and Ramsey. Truth and Success with Pascal Engel (Routledge, 2002).

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Dokic's talk - 'Aesthetic Experience as Metacognitive Feeling' - at the Aristotelian Society on 16 November 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Benjamin Sachs is a lecturer in philosophy at the University of St. Andrews. He has worked on issues in distributive justice, health care justice, coercion, normative ethics, environmental ethics, and the ethics of research on human subjects. He is currently interested in animal ethics and in addition is planning to write several papers that would together constitute an argument for contractarianism.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Sach's talk - 'Contractarianism as a Political Morality' - at the Aristotelian Society on 2 November 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

David Enoch is The Rodney Blackman Chair in the Philosophy of Law, at The Faculty of Law and the Philosophy Department, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He studied law and philosophy in Tel Aviv University, where he earned his B.A. and LL.B. in 1993. He earned his Ph.D. in Philosophy from NYU in 2003. David works primarily in moral, political, and legal philosophy. His publications include: Taking Morality Seriously (OUP, 2011); “Against Public Reason”, in Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy 1 (2015); “Agency, Shmagency”, Philosophical Review 115 (2006); and “Why Idealize”, Ethics 115(4) (2005).

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Enoch's talk - 'What’s Wrong with Paternalism:Autonomy, Belief and Action' - at the Aristotelian Society on 19 October 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

As the first talk for the 2015/16 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, this year's Presidential Address marks the official inauguration of Professor Susan James (Birkbeck, University of London) as the 108th President of the Aristotelian Society. The Society's President is elected on the basis of lifelong, exemplary work in philosophy. Please visit our Council page for further information regarding the Society's past presidents.

The 108th Presidential Address will be chaired by Adrian Moore (Oxford) - 107th President of the Aristotelian Society.

Susan James is Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London. Among her books are Passion and Action: The Emotions in Early Modern Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1997); Margaret Cavendish: Political Writings (Cambridge University Press, 2003); and Spinoza on Philosophy, Religion and Politics: The Theologico-Political Treatise (Oxford University Press, 2012). She is currently working on a collection of essays, Spinoza on Learning to Live Together.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor James' address - 'Freedom and Nature: A Spinozist Invitation' - at the Aristotelian Society on 5 October 2015. The recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Susanna Siegel is Edgar Pierce Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. She is author of The Contents of Visual Experience (Oxford University Press, 2010), and numerous articles in the philosophy of perception. Recent papers discuss the varieties of influences on perceptual experiences from cognition, affect, and learning, their impact on the epistemic role of perception, and the nature of belief.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Siegel's talk - 'Epistemic Charge' - at the Aristotelian Society on 15 June 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Giles Pearson is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Bristol. He has been at Bristol since 2007. Prior to that he was a lecturer at Birkbeck College, London (2006-2007), and a research fellow at Christ’s College, Cambridge (2003-6). His research is in ancient philosophy and metaethics, with particular interests in Aristotle’s moral and philosophical psychology, and philosophical accounts of motivation. He is the author of Aristotle on Desire (2012, Cambridge University Press) and he co-edited (with M. Pakaluk) Moral Psychology and Human Action in Aristotle (2011, Oxford University Press). He is currently working on his second monograph, on contemporary metaethics, concerning the role of desire in motivation.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Pearson's talk - 'What are Sources of Motivation?' - at the Aristotelian Society on 1 June 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

According to the doxastic wrongs thesis, merely entertaining certain beliefs about others can wrong them, even if one does not act on those beliefs. Beliefs based on socially salient characteristics such as race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, etc., and which turn out to be false and are negatively valenced are prime candidates for the charge of doxastic wronging. My aim, in this paper, is to show that a plausible, Kantian argument for the thesis licences extending the latter to cases in which the belief is true and/or positively valenced. I begin by setting out the doxastic wrong thesis in its general form. I then reject Mark Schroeder’s argument for restricting it to false beliefs, and mount a positive, Kantian argument for including true beliefs within the ambit of the thesis. I end the paper by tackling some objections, in the course of which I extend the thesis to further cases.

Cécile Fabre is Senior Research Fellow in Politics at All Souls College, Oxford, and Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Oxford. She previous taught at the London School of Economics and the University of Edinburgh. She holds degrees from La Sorbonne University, the University of York, and the University of Oxford. Her research interests include theories of distributive justice, issues relating to the rights we have over our own body and, more recently, just war theory,and the ethics of foreign policy.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Fabre's talk - "Doxastic Wrongs, Non-spurious Generalisations and Particularised Beliefs" - at the Aristotelian Society on 15 November 2021. This recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Sacha Golob is a Lecturer in Philosophy at King’s College London; prior to that he was a Research Fellow at Peterhouse, Cambridge. His research focuses on the intersection between the history of philosophy and contemporary philosophy of mind, action and ethics. He is the author of Heidegger on Concepts, Freedom and Normativity (CUP 2014), and the editor of the forthcoming Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy (CUP 2016).

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Golob's talk - 'Self-Knowledge, Agency and Self-Authorship' - at the Aristotelian Society on 18 May 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Simon Prosser is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. His main research interests are in the philosophy of mind and in metaphysics. He has published articles on temporal experience, intentionalism about conscious experience, indexical thoughts, the metaphysics of time, and emergent properties. He is currently adding the finishing touches to a monograph on the experience of time and change, and also writing a couple of papers on the individuation of concepts. In the future he plans to write more about the nature of conscious experience.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Prosser's talk - 'Why are Indexicals Essential?' - at the Aristotelian Society on 11 May 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Christoph Hoerl is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick. His research is mainly in the philosophy of mind, with a particular interest in philosophical questions about the nature of temporal experience, memory, and our ability to think about time.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Hoerl's talk - 'Writing on the Page of Consciousness' - at the Aristotelian Society on 27 April 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Matthew Chrisman is a Reader in Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. His research has focused on ethical theory, the philosophy of language, and epistemology. He has published widely in these areas, including articles in the Journal of Philosophy, the Australasian Journal of Philosophy, Oxford Studies in Metaethics, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Philosophers’ Imprint and Philosophical Studies. Recent papers have been on the meaning of moral terms, the semantics of deontic modals, and the nature of epistemic normativity. He is one of the lead authors of Philosophy for Everyone (Routledge 2014). His research monograph The Meaning of ‘Ought': Beyond Descriptivism and Expressivism in Metaethics will be published with Oxford University Press. He is co-editing a collection on Deontic Modality for Oxford University Press. His textbook What Is This Thing Called Metaethics? is under contract at Routledge.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Chrisman's talk - 'Knowing What One Ought To Do' - at the Aristotelian Society on 9 March 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Sophie Gibb is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Durham University. Her research is in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, with particular interests in the mental causation debate, the categories of being, and causation, laws and powers. Recent papers are on the ontology of the mental causation debate, the subset account of property realization, and tropes and laws. She is leader of the philosophy of mind work group within the Durham Emergence Project, which is an interdisciplinary research initiative involving collaboration between philosophers and physicists, made possible through the support of the John Templeton Foundation.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Gibb's talk - 'Defending Dualism' - at the Aristotelian Society on 9 February 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Dominic Gregory teaches Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. He has written on the logic, epistemology, and metaphysics of modality, but his work has lately focused upon various questions concerning distinctively sensory representations such as pictures and sensory mental images. His recent book "Showing, Sensing, and Seeming" (OUP 2013) develops a general account of the nature of the contents belonging to those representations: the book contains detailed philosophical examinations of sensory mental imagery and pictorial representation, and of memory, photography, and analogous nonvisual phenomena.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Gregory's talk - 'Visual Content, Expectations, and the Outside World' - at the Aristotelian Society on 26 January 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Michael Garnett is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Birkbeck College. He works in political philosophy and the philosophy of agency, where his research concerns a number of issues related to the idea of freedom. Recent papers are on the nature of autonomy, the idea of human unpredictability, coercion, and the relationship between freedom and agency.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Garnett's talk - 'Freedom and Indoctrination' - at the Aristotelian Society on 12 January 2015. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Jens Timmermann is Reader in Moral Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He was trained as an ancient philosopher but now largely works on Kant’s ethics, political philosophy and philosophy of law. Recent publications include a volume on Kant’s “Critique of Practical Reason” (edited jointly with Andrews Reath), a German-English edition of Kant’s “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” and an article on the possibility of moral conflict in Kantian ethics. He is currently interested in Kant’s account of irrational action, in his theory of sympathy and in the notorious essay on the “Alleged Right to Lie”.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Timmermann's talk - 'What’s Wrong with "Deontology"' - at the Aristotelian Society on 1 December 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Paulina Sliwa is a University Lecturer in Philosophy and Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge. She received her PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her undergraduate degree from Balliol College, Oxford. Her research interests are in Epistemology, Ethics, and Moral Psychology. Recently, she has written about higher-order evidence, moral testimony, moral motivation, and the nature of moral praise and blame.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Sliwa's talk - 'Understanding and Knowing' - at the Aristotelian Society on 17 November 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Heather Widdows is the John Ferguson Professor of Global Ethics and Pro-Vice Chancellor (Research and Knowledge Exchange) at the University of Birmingham. She is Deputy Chair of the Philosophy sub-panel for REF 2021 and was a member of the 2014 sub-panel. Her most recent book, Perfect Me: Beauty as an Ethical Ideal (2018), was described by Vogue as “ground-breaking” and listed by The Atlantic as one of the best books of 2018. She is author of The Connected Self: The Ethics and Governance of the Genetic Individual (2103), Global Ethics: An Introduction (2011), and The Moral Vision of Iris Murdoch (2005). She has co-edited, with Darrel Moellendorf, The Routledge Handbook of Global Ethics (2014). She co-runs the Beauty Demands Network and Blog and the #everydaylookism project.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Widdows' talk - 'No Duty To Resist: Why individual resistance is an ineffective response to dominant beauty ideals' - at the Aristotelian Society on 18 October 2021. This recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

John Heil is professor of philosophy at Washington University in St Louis and Honorary Research Associate at Monash University. His work centers on topics in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind. He is interested in the extent to which medieval and early modern approaches to metaphysical issues might shed light on contemporary debates over the nature of substances, properties, and relations (especially causal relations), and truthmakers for modal truths. Many of these themes are addressed in his most recent book, The Universe as We Find It (Oxford, 2012).

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Heil's talk - 'Genre, Interpretation and Evaluation' - at the Aristotelian Society on 20 October 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Catharine Abell is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at The University of Manchester. Her research is predominantly in aesthetics and focuses on issues concerning the representational arts. She has published papers on topics such as the nature of depiction, how representational works of art express emotions and other mental states, and what it is for something to be an artwork. Her current research addresses issues such as the nature of fiction, the interpretation of works of fiction, and what styles and genres are and their effects on the interpretation and evaluation of works of fiction and other representational artworks. Together with Joel Smith, she is also working on the AHRC- funded project, Knowledge of Emotion, about how we know the emotional states of others.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Abell's talk - 'Genre, Interpretation and Evaluation' - at the Aristotelian Society on 20 October 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

As the first talk for the 2014/15 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, this year’s Presidential Address marks the official inauguration of Professor Adrian Moore, University of Oxford, as the 107th President of the Aristotelian Society. The Society’s President is elected on the basis of lifelong, exemplary work in philosophy.

The 107th Presidential Address was chaired by David Papineau (KCL) – 106th President of the Aristotelian Society.

Adrian Moore is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, where he is also a Tutorial Fellow at St Hugh’s College. He was an undergraduate at Cambridge and a graduate at Oxford, where he wrote his doctorate under the supervision of Michael Dummett. He is one of Bernard Williams’ literary executors. His publications include The Infinite; Points of View; Noble in Reason, Infinite in Faculty: Themes and Variations in Kant’s Moral and Religious Philosophy; and, most recently, The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Moore's address - 'Being, Univocity and Logical Syntax' - at the Aristotelian Society on 6 October 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the fifth and final symposium at the Joint Session - "Self-Regulation" - which featured Tamar Szabó Gendler (Yale) and Jennifer Nagel (Toronto). Tamar Gendler is the Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy, Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science, and Deputy Provost for Humanities and Initiatives at Yale University, where she has taught since 2006. Previously, she taught Philosophy and Cognitive Science at Cornell and Syracuse Universities, after earning her PhD at Harvard University in 1996. Much of her recent philosophical work has focused a cluster of issues surrounding the relations between explicit and implicit attitudes, particularly in the context of habit, self-regulation, and implicit bias; other current interests include general questions about philosophical methodology, and a number of specific issues that arise from thinking about the relation between imagination and belief. Her earlier philosophical work addressed various topics in metaphysics and epistemology including conceivability and possibility, perceptual experience, personal identity, and the methodology of thought experiment. A collection of some of her papers was published under the title Intuition, Imagination and Philosophical Methodology (Oxford, 2010). Jennifer Nagel is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Associate Chair at the University of Toronto, where she has worked since 2000. She was a Visiting Fellow at All Souls College Oxford in 2012, and at the Institute for Advanced Study in Jerusalem in 2011. Her recent work focuses on the relationship between intuitive knowledge attribution and knowledge itself; it aims to bridge the gap between empirical work on mental state attribution and theoretical work in epistemology.

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the fourth symposium at the Joint Session - "The Ethical Significance of Persistence" - which featured Amber Carpenter (York) and Stephen Makin (Sheffield). Amber Carpenter has been Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of York since 2007; she has taught at St. Andrews, Cornell and Oxford. She has published in Ancient Greek philosophy, especially the ethics, epistemology and metaphysics of Plato, and is the co-founder of the Yorkshire Ancient Philosophy Network. She was an Einstein Fellow at the Einstein Forum, which enabled her to begin work in Indian Buddhist philosophy, and subsequently held an Anniversary Lectureship from the University of York. Her book on metaphysics as ethics in Indian Buddhism appeared in 2013. Her interests include the nature of pleasure and reason and their respective places in a well-lived life; the implications of metaphysics for ethics; and the nature of knowledge, our striving for it, and the effects this has on our character. Stephen Makin took his first degree at Edinburgh University, and then moved to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, to study for a PhD. His research was originally on the philosophy of the early Wittgenstein, but his interests rapidly turned to ancient philosophy. His doctoral thesis was on pre-Socratic atomism. He was a research fellow at Magdalene College, Cambridge, before being appointed to a lectureship in Sheffield in 1984. Stephen has published papers on philosophy of religion, Democritean atomism, method in ancient philosophy, the metaphysics of Aristotle, and Aquinas’ philosophy of nature. His book on principle-of-insufficient-reason arguments in ancient philosophy was published by Blackwell in 1993 under the title Indifference Arguments. His translation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Book 9, along with a substantial commentary, was published in the Clarendon Aristotle Series in 2006. His research interests also include various topics in contemporary metaphysics.

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the third symposium at the Joint Session - "Culpability, Duress and Excuses" - which featured Gideon Rosen (Princeton) and Marcia Baron (St. Andrews). Gideon Rosen is Chair of the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University. He joined the faculty of Philosophy in 1993, having taught previously at the University of Michigan. His areas of research include metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy. He is the author (with John Burgess) of A Subject With No Object (Oxford, 1997). Marcia Baron is Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of St. Andrews and Rudy Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University. Her main interests are in moral philosophy and philosophy of criminal law. Publications include Kantian Ethics Almost without Apology (Cornell 1995), Three Methods of Ethics: A Debate, co-authored with Philip Pettit and Michael Slote (Blackwell, 1997), “Manipulativeness” (2003), “Excuses, Excuses” (2007), “Virtue Ethics, Kantian Ethics, and the ‘One Thought Too Many’ Objection” (2008), “Kantian Moral Maturity and the Cultivation of Character” (2009), “Gender Issues in the Criminal Law” (2011), “Self-Defense: The Imminence Requirement” (2011), and “Rape, Seduction, Shame, and Culpability in Tess of the d’Urbervilles” (2013). Forthcoming articles include “The Ticking Bomb Hypothetical” and “The Supererogatory and Kant’s Wide Duties.”

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the second symposium at the Joint Session - "Moral Testimony" - which featured Hallvard Lillehammer (Birkbeck) and Roger Crisp (Oxford). Hallvard Lillehammer is Professor of Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London. From 2000 to 2013 he taught in the Faculty of Philosophy at Cambridge University, where he was the Sidgwick Lecturer and a Fellow of King’s College, Churchill College, and the Judge Business School. He has published widely in moral and political philosophy, in particular on issues in contemporary metaethics, the history of ethical thought, and matters of life and death. Roger Crisp is Uehiro Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at St Anne’s College, Oxford, and Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford. He is the author of Mill on Utilitarianism (1997) and Reasons and the Good (2006), and has translated Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics for CUP. He is currently writing a book on Henry Sidgwick’s The Methods of Ethics.

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the first symposium at the Joint Session - "Truth and Meaning" - which featured Ian Rumfitt (Birmingham) and Alan Weir (who was filling in for Gary Kemp). Ian Rumfitt studied philosophy at Balliol College, Oxford, and at Princeton University, and has taught it at Keele University, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and back at Oxford, where he was for seven years a Tutorial Fellow of University College. He has held a position at Birkbeck University of London since 2005. He works mainly in philosophy of language and logic, and in the history of analytic philosophy (Frege) with forays into metaphysics and the philosophy of mathematics. Gary Kemp is a senior lecturer at the University of Glasgow. He’s written books and papers on the Philosophy of Language and Philosophical Logic (recently: Quine versus Davidson: Truth, Reference and Meaning, and What is this thing called Philosophy of Language?), and a few papers in Aesthetics. He earned his Ph.D. in 1993 from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

The 88th Joint Session of the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association was held at the University of Cambridge from 11 to 13 July 2014. The Joint Session is a three-day conference in philosophy that is held annually during the summer by the Aristotelian Society and the Mind Association. It has taken place at nearly every major university across the United Kingdom and in Ireland. Since 1910, the Joint Session has grown to become the largest gathering of philosophers in the country, attracting prestigious UK and international speakers working in a broad range of philosophical areas. Inaugurated by the incoming President of the Mind Association, the Joint Session includes symposia, open and postgraduate sessions, and a range of satellite conferences.

This podcast is a recording of the inaugural address to the Joint Session - "Reasons for Belief, Perception and Reflective Knowledge" - which was delivered by the President of the Mind Association, Alan Millar (Stirling). Alan Millar received his first degree from the University of Edinburgh and then a Ph.D from the University of Cambridge. He was appointed to the University of Stirling in 1971, becoming a Professor of Philosophy in 1994. He has been Professor Emeritus at Stirling since 2010. In 2005 he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He is a member of the Editorial Board of The Philosophical Quarterly and has served on the Executive Committee of the Aristotelian Society. He is currently a member of the Executive Committee of the Royal Institute of Philosophy. His main areas of interest are epistemology and the philosophy of mind and language, though he has made occasional contributions to the history of ethics that deal with ideas of Joseph Butler and John Stuart Mill. His publications include Reasons and Experience (Clarendon Press, 1991), Understanding People: Normativity and Rationalizing Explanation (Oxford University Press, 2004) and The Nature and Value of Knowledge: Three Investigations (Oxford University Press, 2010), co-written with Duncan Pritchard and Adrian Haddock.

Elizabeth Barnes has been a senior lecturer at Leeds since 2006. Before going to Leeds she was a PhD student in the Vagueness Project of the Arche AHRC Research Centre for the philosophy of logic, language, mathematics, and mind at the University of St. Andrews. Her main research interests are in metaphysics and ethics.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr Barnes' talk - 'Going Beyond the Fundamental: Feminism in Contemporary Metaphysics' - at the Aristotelian Society on 16 June 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

As the first talk for the 2021-22 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, this year’s Presidential Address marks the official inauguration of Professor Robert Stern (University of Sheffield) as the 114th President of the Aristotelian Society. The Society’s President is elected on the basis of lifelong, exemplary work in philosophy.

The 114th Presidential Address was chaired by Bill Brewer (KCL), the 113th President of the Aristotelian Society.

Robert Stern is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield, where he has been since 1989. Prior to that he did his BA and PhD at Cambridge, and held a research fellowship at St John’s College Cambridge. His main research interests are in the history of philosophy – particularly Kant and Hegel, and also Kierkegaard, and more recently K. E. Løgstrup, Iris Murdoch, Emmanuel Levinas and Martin Luther. He connects these historical inquires with more systematic questions in metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, particularly topics such as realism vs idealism, the use of transcendental arguments, and the nature of moral obligation. His books include three works on Hegel; a collection of papers on Kant; a discussion of transcendental arguments; an investigation into Kant, Hegel and Kierkegaard on obligation; and a study of Løgstrup. He has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 2019, and has served on the Executive Committee of the Aristotelian Society and as President of the British Philosophical Association, and is currently chair of the Philosophy sub-panel for REF2021.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Stern's address - 'The Objectivity of Perception' - at the Aristotelian Society on 5 October 2020. The recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Before joining the University of Edinburgh as Chancellor’s Fellow in January 2014, Alix Cohen taught at the universities of York and Leeds, having previously held a Junior Research Fellowship at Newnham College, Cambridge. She is the author of Kant and the Human Sciences: Biology, Anthropology and History (Palgrave, 2009) and has published papers on Kant as well as Hume and Rousseau. She is currently editing Kant’s Lectures on Anthropology: A Critical Guide (CUP, 2014) and Kant on Emotion and Value (Palgrave, 2014). Alix is also Associate Editor of the British Journal for the History of Philosophy and the Oxford Bibliography Online (OUP), and Executive Member of the British Society for the History of Philosophy and the UK Kant Society.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr Cohen's talk - 'Kant on the Ethics of Belief' - at the Aristotelian Society on 2 June 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Ulrike Heuer is an Associate Professor in Philosophy at the University of Leeds having previously worked in the philosophy departments at the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University and Barnard College. She has also been a faculty fellow of the Center for Ethics at Harvard University, and of the Center for Ethics and Public Affairs at Tulane University. Her research focuses on theories of practical reasons, the relation of reasons and values, various problems in normative ethics, and philosophy of action. She is currently working on a project on the moral significance of intentions funded by the British Academy.

This podcast is an audio recording of Prof. Heuer's talk - 'Intentions and the Reasons for Which We Act' - at the Aristotelian Society on 19 May 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Tim Button is a University Lecturer, and a Fellow of St John’s College, at the University of Cambridge. He has published articles in metaphysics, logic and philosophy of mathematics. His first book, "The Limits of Realism" (OUP, 2013), deals with the relationship between semantics and scepticism. It critically explores explores and develops several themes from Hilary Putnam’s work on realism and antirealism, notably: the model-theoretic arguments; the connection between truth and justification; the brain-in-vat argument; semantic externalism; and conceptual relativity.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Button's talk - 'The Weight of Truth' - at the Aristotelian Society on 12 May 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Eileen John is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick. Her research is in aesthetics and philosophy of literature, with particular interests in literature and knowledge, and some broader interests in personal autonomy, moral psychology, and conditions for ethical life. Recent papers are on second-personal constraints on love, the nature of our concern for fictional characters, and expressive thought in poetry. She directs Warwick’s Centre for Research in Philosophy, Literature and the Arts.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. John's talk - 'Literature and Disagreement' - at the Aristotelian Society on 28 April 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Jessica Moss is Professor of Philosophy. She received her B.A. from Yale University and her Ph.D. in Philosophy from Princeton University (2004). Her primary area of research is ancient philosophy, especially ethics and psychology. Her article “Akrasia and Perceptual Illusion” was chosen for The Philosopher’s Annual as one of the ten best articles published in philosophy in 2009. Her book "Aristotle on the Apparent Good: Perception, Phantasia, Thought, and Desire" was published by Oxford University Press in 2012. Moss has previously held positions at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Oxford, and currently at NYU.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Moss' talk - 'Plato's Appearance/Assent Account of Belief' - at the Aristotelian Society on 10 March 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Paul Faulkner is a senior lecturer in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. His research interest is principally in testimony and trust. He is the author of 'Knowledge on Trust' (OUP 2011).

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Faulkner's talk - 'A Virtue Theory of Testimony' - at the Aristotelian Society on 24 February 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Conor McHugh is a Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Southampton. He has published articles on a range of topics in epistemology and philosophy of mind, including self-knowledge, epistemic warrant, mental agency, doxastic control and freedom, epistemic responsibility, the aim of belief, and assertion. He is currently working on epistemic normativity and the nature of belief, on the normativity of attitudes more generally, and on related issues in value theory. He is an investigator on the AHRC-funded project ‘Normativity: Epistemic and Practical’ at the University of Southampton.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. McHugh's talk - 'Fitting Belief' - at the Aristotelian Society on 10 February 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Robert B. Pippin is the Evelyn Stefansson Nef Distinguished Service Professor in the John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought, the Department of Philosophy, and the College at the University of Chicago. He is the author of several books on German idealism, including "Kant’s Theory of Form" (1982), "Hegel’s Idealism: The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness" (1989), "Modernism as a Philosophical Problem" (1991), and "Hegel’s Practical Philosophy" (2008). He has also written on literature ("Henry James and Modern Moral Life" (2000)) and film ("Hollywood Westerns and American Myth" (2010). His most recent books are "Nietzsche, Psychology, and First Philosophy" (2010), "Hegel on Self-Consciousness" (2011), and "Fatalism in American Film Noir: Some Cinematic Philosophy" (2012), and "Kunst als Philosophie: Hegel und die Philosophie der bildlichen Moderne" (2012). He has been visiting professor at universities in Amsterdam, Jena, Frankfurt, and at the Collège de France. He is a past winner of the Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award in the Humanities, is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of The American Philosophical Society.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Pippin's talk - 'The Significance of Self-Consciousness in Idealist Theories of Logic' - at the Aristotelian Society on 27 January 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Nicholas Shea is an interdisciplinary philosopher of mind, and of psychology, cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. He came into philosophy via an MA at Birkbeck and PhD at King’s College London. He then worked as a research fellow in Oxford, based in the Faculty of Philosophy and Somerville College and affiliated to the Department of Experimental Psychology, before joining King’s College London in 2012.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Shea's talk - 'Exploited Isomorphism and Structural Representation' - at the Aristotelian Society on 13 January 2014. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Francesco Berto is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy and Research Leader at the Northern Institute of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen. He has also worked at the University of Notre Dame (IN, USA), the Sorbonne-Ecole Normale Supérieure of Paris, and the Universities of Padua and Venice (Italy). He has published monographs on metaphysics and the philosophy of logic, and papers in Philosophical Quarterly, Philosophical Studies, the Australasian Journal of Philosophy, the European Journal of Philosophy, Synthèse, the Review of Symbolic Logic, Philosophia Mathematica, American Philosophical Quarterly, Dialectica, and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Berto's talk - 'On Conceiving the Inconsistent' - at the Aristotelian Society on 2 December 2013. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Julia Borcherding is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. Before moving to Cambridge, she was a Bersoff Faculty Fellow at New York University. Julia specializes in early modern philosophy, focusing on moral, epistemological and metaphysical themes and their intriguing interconnections. She has published on the philosophy of Leibniz, Conway, Cavendish, Arnauld and Spinoza. Her current book project The Metaphysics of Emotion investigates the underappreciated metaphysical dimensions of early modern accounts of love.

This podcast is an audio recording of Dr. Borcherding's talk - '“I wish my Speech were like a Loadstone”: Cavendish on Love and Self-Love' - at the Aristotelian Society on 28 June 2021. The recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Jonathan Lear is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago and a member of the Committee on Social Thought. He is author most recently of 'Radical Hope: Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation', 'A Case for Irony', and 'Freud'.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Lear's talk - 'Integrating the Non-Rational Soul' - at the Aristotelian Society on 18 November 2013. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Tim Mulgan is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Auckland, and Professor of Moral and Political Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He is the author of The Demands of Consequentialism (Oxford University Press 2001), Future People (Oxford University Press 2006), Understanding Utilitarianism (Acumen 2007), and Ethics for a Broken World (Acumen/McGill-Queens University Press 2011). He is currently completing a manuscript for Oxford University Press entitled Purpose in the Universe: the moral and metaphysical case for ananthropocentric purposivism.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Mulgan's talk - 'Ethics for Possible Futures' - at the Aristotelian Society on 4 November 2013. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.

Robert Kane (Ph. D. Yale University) is University Distinguished Teaching Professor of Philosophy Emeritus and Professor of Law at The University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of seven books and more that seventy articles on the philosophy of mind, free will and action, ethics and value theory and philosophy of religion, inclu­ding Free Will and Values (1985), Through the Moral Maze (1994), The Significance of Free Will (Oxford, 1996), A Contem­pora­ry Introduction to Free Will (Oxford, 2005), Four Views of Free Will (co-authored with John Fischer, Derk Pereboom and Manuel Vargas, Black­well, 2007) and Ethics and the Quest for Wisdom (Cambridge, 2010). He is editor of The Ox­ford Handbook of Free Will (2002, 2nd edition, 2011), among other anthologies, and a multiple contri­bu­tor to the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. His lecture series, The Quest for Mea­ning: Va­lues, Ethics and the Modern Experience, appears in The Great Courses on Tape Series of The Teaching Company (Chantilly, Virginia). His book, The Significance of Free Will, was the first annual winner of the Robert W. Hamilton Faculty Book Award. His article, “The Modal Ontological Argument” (Mind, 1984), was selected by The Philosopher’s Annual as one of ten best of 1984. The recipient of fifteen major teaching awards at the University of Texas, including the President’s Excellence Award for teaching in the University’s Honors Program, he was named in 1995 one of the inaugural members of the Universi­ty’s Aca­demy of Distinguished Teachers. He is known internationally for his defense of a libertarian or incompatibilist view of free will (one that is incomaptible with determinism) and for his attempt to reconcile such a view with modern science.

This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Kane’s talk - 'Acting “of One’s Own Free Will”: New Perspectives on an Ancient Philosophical Problem' - at the Aristotelian Society on 21 October 2013. The recording was produced by Backdoor Broadcasting Company in conjunction with the Institute of Philosophy, University of London.