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TitreDateDurée
Ep. 185 How to Make a Drug Pt 2: Libraries and Design21 Aug 202300:58:55
Ep. 184 How to Make a Drug Pt 1: A Target14 Aug 202300:54:36

Hey everyone! Today's episode is about getting into the nitty gritty of drug discovery. We often benefit from the research and development that goes into the creation of drugs we use to treat illnesses without really understanding what goes into that process. In this first part, we will discuss how you conceptually begin the process.

References:

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd2399

https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/zolgensma

https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12935-019-0806-1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519062/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128191828000338

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006291X89926788?via%3Dihub

https://www.nature.com/articles/362841a0

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305737220300554

Ep. 183 Influenza Pt 4: Vaccines and Pandemics07 Aug 202300:48:33
Ep. 182 Influenza Pt 3: Whaddya Gonna Do About It?29 May 202300:36:05
Ep. 181 Influenza Pt 2: The Piggies22 May 202300:44:06
Ep. 180 Influenza Pt 1: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza15 May 202300:41:43
Ep. 179 The Silence of the Plants01 May 202300:33:02

Sure, plants can sometimes smell good and they do cool stuff like make carbs for us to eat and oxygen for us to breathe. But they sort of look like they're just passively sitting there, right? Just chilling. If only we could hear just a slightly broader range of frequencies, we would hear a whole new world of plants -- one where they are complaining about being thirsty! Find out about the screaming clicks of dying plants, this week on Petri Dish!

References:

Ep. 178 A Baby Born of Two Daddies24 Apr 202300:52:45
Ep. 177 Black Holes Pt 2: Quasi-Stars and Quasars10 Apr 202301:17:41
Ep. 176 Black Holes Pt 1: Curvy Thicc Spacetime Stuff03 Apr 202301:00:36
Ep. 175 The Norfolk Southern Environmental Trainwreck27 Mar 202300:43:10
Ep. 174 Desalination Pt 2: A Not-So-Salty Future?20 Mar 202300:50:47
Last of Us Rerelease! Fungus Pt 2: Cordyceps and More!13 Mar 202300:57:36

Hi Everyone!

We're interrupting our series on desalination to put out a quick rerelease of one of our episodes on Fungi! We're doing this in honor of the season 1 finale of The Last of Us, which heavily features a fungus called Cordyceps, which we covered in this episode. Check it out and learn more about cordyceps, similar fungi, and much nicer fungi that improve human life rather than turning us into freaky zombies.

Ep. 173 Desalination Pt 1: So Salty27 Feb 202300:45:16
Ep. 172 VEXAS: A Mystery Syndrome22 Feb 202300:43:52

While science and medicine have come a long way over the centuries, there are still illnesses that cannot be explained -- and many of them are autoinflammatory disorders. Many people all over the world have been inflicted with these disorders with no clear cause.

But recently, scientists were able to find a mutation that can help explain what some of these people are going through, a mutation that led to the identification of an autoinflammatory disorder now known as VEXAS. Tune in to learn more!

References:

Ep. 171 Side Quests 2: Cancer and Concrete06 Feb 202300:30:26

Occasionally we do episodes where we speak about a couple different topics that don't have a specific underlying theme -- they're just fun science papers that have cropped up recently! This time we discuss the confluence of two different hot technologies, CRISPR base editing and CAR T cells. We also do a little dive into Roman Concrete!

References:

Ep. 170 Death Pt 2: A Twitching Heart30 Jan 202300:58:00

We return with our second episode on Death, the final frontier! What is it? Actually though, like what determines the moment when someone dies? This question has actually had a different answer through the years, and we dive into the definition and how it has changed as technology has advanced. We finish with an example of cutting-edge technology that may further muddy the line between alive and dead!

References:

Ep 169 Death Pt.1: Disembodied Pig Brains23 Jan 202300:39:34

On our first episode about Death, we look into a paper published a few years that described the reanimation of a pig brain! Spooky! Let’s get into the science behind it and some of its implications for humans!

Ep 168. The Tridemic16 Jan 202300:41:35

This winter season the world is dealing with not two but three respiratory illnesses at the same time. While these are familiar names at this point, they’re definitely different from one another, so let’s get into COVID, the flu, and RSV!

Ep. 167 Coffee Pt 2: Dry, Wet, Honey, and Poop10 Oct 202200:42:40

Hi Folks! Part 2 of our series on coffee focuses on how coffee beans can be imparted with different flavors through their picking and processing!

We mentioned this in the show notes for the last episode, but we will be going on a couple month hiatus while Nathan and Stacey take a vacation in Korea! We will be re-releasing some of our older episodes in the meantime, in case people are really itching to listen to our dulcet tones.

References:

Ep. 166 Coffee Pt 1: Species and History03 Oct 202200:27:17

The first episode on our three part series is on the history of human consumption of coffee (as far as we know) and the several species of plant that can produce those sweet, sweet beans!

As a note, we are going to be taking a hiatus after Pt 2 next week for Nathan and Stacey to take a well-earned break and enjoy some time in Korea! We are going to do re-releases of older episodes, so if you haven't heard some of our older stuff, we hope you enjoy!

References:

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/coffee-consumption-by-country

https://perfectdailygrind.com/2017/05/coffee-isnt-worlds-2nd-most-traded-commodity-but-its-important/

https://cafealtura.com/ethiopia-coffee/

https://www.britannica.com/plant/Coffea

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jse.12694

Ep. 165 Viral Hepatitis Pt 2: The Chronic26 Sep 202200:50:42

In our second and final episode on viral hepatitis, we discuss Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C! One has a vaccine, the other can be treated with antivirals, but both can be pretty serious and bad if you aren't protected or treated.

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

Ep. 164 Viral Hepatitis Pt 1: Acute But Not Cute19 Sep 202200:37:59
Ep. 163 Random Walks, Brownian Motion, and the Physics of Big Bacteria12 Sep 202200:24:50

Last week, we discussed a very big bacterium, one you can see with your naked eye! But back in high school we all learned that bacteria and prokaryotes in general were pretty simple cells and were definitely smaller than our cells. While we've found a lot of examples that push back against this idea, there is a fundamental truth behind it -- a simple cell has definite physical constraints on how big it can grow. What are those constraints? And how do these giant bacteria (and our own cells) get around these problems?

References:

Ep. 162 Really Huge Bacteria05 Sep 202200:28:32

In today's episode, we discuss a recent discovery of a reaaaaaally big bacteria, like way big! Big enough that you can see it without a microscope! Longer than a fruit fly! BIG!

How can a bacteria get so big? What is going on there? Let's discuss it!

References:

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb3634

https://www.science.org/content/article/largest-bacterium-ever-discovered-has-unexpectedly-complex-cells

Ep. 161 Monkeypox Pt 2: APOBEC3 and Microevolution29 Aug 202200:41:56
Ep. 160 Caffeine Pt 2: Muscles and Sensitivity22 Aug 202200:36:56


In the second and final episode on our series on Caffeine, we dive into what acute caffeine toxicity can look like, along with other ways people can be sensitive to caffeine. We also discuss whether caffeine can be useful for giving you a boost while exercising!

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532910/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-021-00577-8

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230017302210

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934310010429

https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/95/1/241/4576611

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3200095/

https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-021-02411-5

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390805000122

https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/ACH-News/General-News/Is-Coffee-Bad-for-Kids

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699625/

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/apnea-of-prematurity

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01521-x

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16423144/

Ep. 159 Caffeine Pt 1: The Most Popular Psychoactive Drug in the World15 Aug 202200:32:48
Ep. 158 Alzheimer's Redux: Lies, Fraud, and Misconduct08 Aug 202201:02:50

The world of Alzheimer's research has recently been rocked by very strong evidence of scientific misconduct and fraud, specifically relating to a historically relevant paper about amyloid beta oligomers as a potential cause of Alzheimer's Disease. There are a lot of nuances and complexities at play here, which we dive into! There are also some... not-nuances, like the fact that this fraud and wholesale fabrication of results was pretty brazen. Listen in and learn more!

References:

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04533

https://www.science.org/content/article/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease

Ep. 157 Monkeypox01 Aug 202200:54:30
Ep. 156 Venom Pt 3: Medicine and Mammals25 Jul 202200:47:56
Ep. 155 Venom Pt 2: Animal Extravaganza18 Jul 202200:45:01

Part two of our series on venom! We start out talking about some venomous jellyfish and other cnidarians before moving on to arthropods, like some very venomous spiders! Then we go into treatment options for venom before finishing with some very strange venomous amphibians! Not just poisonous! Venomous! 

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

Ep. 154 Venom Pt 1: Bites and Stings and Ouchie Things11 Jul 202200:25:51
Ep. 153 Hot Dogs and Nitrates04 Jul 202200:30:22

Happy 4th of July to all our listeners in the USA! In honor of the holiday, we're doing an episode on hot dogs and other cured meats, specifically regarding the health impacts of nitrates/nitrites!

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

Ep. 152 Doping Pt 2: Up For Debate27 Jun 202200:47:08
Ep. 151 Doping Pt 1: Juicing20 Jun 202200:37:01

Hey folks! On this episode Sean and Nathan discuss sports doping, first defining what counts as doping then discussing a history of doping!

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

Ep. 150: Organic Poisons13 Jun 202200:28:58

We took a break from our series on poisons, but we're back now to chat about organic poisons! No, not like pesticide-free poisons, organic in this context just means they're molecules that have carbons and hydrogens in them! So no more chatting about metallic poisons, we're going to move on to stuff like hemlock!

Reference:

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750037.html

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750037.html

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25449264/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29135964/

Ep. 149 Sports Medicine: Whey06 Jun 202200:49:23

I promise Nathan doesn't say 'whey' weird the entire episode, it just takes a bit for him to stop. This week's episode is about whey protein! What is it? Does it actually provide any benefit over any other protein?

Our sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f62b/3f7baacc4de99ee20903e1cdd658487a2443.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030298756139

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557845/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442117/

https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12986-019-0417-9

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5568273/

https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/136/1/269S/4664134?login=true

https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/4/1031/4648831?login=true

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3871/htm

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24284442/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4034047/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25671415/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002802/

Ep. 148 Side Quests 1: Frenchmen and Killer High Schools30 May 202200:32:58

Hi Everyone! This is the first episode in a periodic series we're going to do called 'side quests'. Sometimes we come across science stories that aren't quite enough to do a full episode on, but are interesting and fun to talk about! So from now on we'll occasionally present them as a series of shorter stories within an episode! In this episode, we'll discuss a competitor of Louis Pasteur, a high school that appears to be the center of a cluster of brain tumors, and a historical example of unethical experiments on prisoners incarcerated in the USA.

References:

Ep. 147 Poisons Pt 3: Arsenic, The King of Poisons23 May 202200:31:23
Ep. 146 Poisons Pt 2: Get the Lead Out16 May 202200:42:43

Hi everyone! Here is part 2 in our series on poisons. This time we discuss lead!

Our new sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

Ep. 145 Poisons Pt 1: Heavy Metal09 May 202200:49:14

Hey everyone! Nathan wanted to know how poisons work and we're starting with some metals! Metal poisons are pretty interesting because they aren't complex molecules or anything, they're like single atoms running around messing up your biological systems! But how do metals interact with biology in the first place? Let's get into it!

References:

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/toxin

https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/toxicant

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05027

www.cell.com/cell-reports/pdf/S2211-1247(19)31639-0.pdf

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05027

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103093/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755212/

https://watermark.silverchair.com/labmed33-0614.pdf

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00754/full

[Reupload] Ep 144 Jurassic Pt 3: This is the Last One For Now03 May 202200:57:01

*Hey folks, some people are having a tough time hearing the episode on some platforms, this reupload is an attempt to see if we can fix that*

At Nathan's insistence, this is the last Mesozoic episode for now! We talk about dinosaurs, across the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, including heavy-hitters like T Rex! We also dispel some misunderstandings about velociraptor and other fun dino facts!

Our new sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12255

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600708

https://www.sciencealert.com/chubby-naked-t-rex-most-accurate-painting-to-date

https://www.businessinsider.com/t-rex-discoveries-hunted-walked-growth-2021-4

https://www.livescience.com/64921-t-rex-relatives-images/2.html

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aax6250

http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/raptorial-dinosaurs-hunt-08403.html

Ep 144 Jurassic Pt 3: This is the Last One For Now02 May 202200:57:01

At Nathan's insistence, this is the last Mesozoic episode for now! We talk about dinosaurs, across the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, including heavy-hitters like T Rex! We also dispel some misunderstandings about velociraptor and other fun dino facts!

Our new sponsor is Athletic Greens, a really solid and easy way to get your vitamins if you're like me and are too silly/busy to cook proper meals every day and need to get those nutrients somehow! Check them out and get a free 1 year supply of Vitamin D and 5 travel packs by heading over to athleticgreens.com/emerging

References:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12255

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600708

https://www.sciencealert.com/chubby-naked-t-rex-most-accurate-painting-to-date

https://www.businessinsider.com/t-rex-discoveries-hunted-walked-growth-2021-4

https://www.livescience.com/64921-t-rex-relatives-images/2.html

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aax6250

http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/raptorial-dinosaurs-hunt-08403.html

Ep. 143 Jurassic Pt 2: Finally Actually Dinosaurs25 Apr 202200:49:37

Yessss we're finally doing it! Dinosaurs! But only Jurassic ones! Yeah, that's right, a bunch of dinosaurs were only around in the Cretaceous, like velociraptor and T. rex. But don't worry, I'm sure some of your favs were in the Jurassic, like good ol' stegosaurus! What is a dinosaur? Who was around in the Jurassic? Find out this week on Petri Dish!

References:

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21700

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4393826/

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms1642

Ep. 142 Jurassic Pt 1: Angry Magma18 Apr 202200:40:18

Yay! The Age of the Dinosaurs! In this episode, we lay the groundwork for finally digging into dinosaurs in part 2 -- we discuss the changes to the climate and continents of the Jurassic and how that played into the development of the dinosaurs.

References:

Ep. 141 Triassic Pt 2: Almost Dino Time11 Apr 202200:40:26

We end our discussion of the Triassic period with the land and air -- this is the time when dinosaurs and pterosaurs first evolved, along with the first mammals!

References:

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0949

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220302221

A Brief Petri Announcement04 Apr 202200:00:57

We're taking a one episode break, Nathan kind of explains why...

Ep. 140 Welcome to Triassic Park Part 128 Mar 202200:25:34

In our last episode, we discussed The Great Dying, the transitional extinction event that ended the Permian and Paleozoic times and kickstarted the Triassic and Mesozoic! While the Mesozoic is often thought of as the Age of the Dinosaurs (and it *is* the time when they both evolved and went largely extinct), the first part of the Mesozoic was dominated by other groups of animals. But who?! Find out, this week on Petri Dish!

References:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220302221

https://www.britannica.com/science/Triassic-Period/Paleoclimate

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-triassic-period-the-rise-of-the-dinosaurs.html

https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mesozoic/triassic/triassic.php

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922

Ep. 139 The Great Dying21 Mar 202200:39:37

Hey, times are tough! So in a bit of escapism, Petri Dish has decided to dive into one of the largest extinction events of all time -- the Great Dying! Serving as the end of the paleozoic and start of the mesozoic, the Great Dying killed of around 90% of marine animal species and 75% of land species, clearing things out a little bit for the start of the age of the Dinosaurs!

References:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22066-7

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282521400110X

https://news.mit.edu/2015/siberian-traps-end-permian-extinction-0916

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X11007151

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22066-7

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2018.0361

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