During his more than 60-year acting career, James Earl Jones’ voice became a star of its own. Jones died this week at the age of 93. 

在 60 多年的演艺生涯中，詹姆斯·厄尔·琼斯的声音成为了一颗明星。 琼斯本周去世，享年 93 岁。 

One of Jones' career decisions continues to be an issue of debate: his permission to let artificial intelligence (AI) reproduce his performances as Darth Vader for new projects. 

琼斯的职业决定之一仍然是一个有争议的问题：他允许人工智能 (AI) 在新项目中重现他作为达斯维德的表演。 

Skywalker Sound and Ukrainian software company Respeecher used AI to recreate Jones' Darth Vader for the 2022 show Obi-Wan Kenobi. The show appears on the streaming service Disney+. 

Skywalker Sound 和乌克兰软件公司 Respeecher 使用人工智能为 2022 年的《欧比旺·克诺比》节目重现了琼斯饰演的达斯·维达。 该节目出现在流媒体服务 Disney+ 上。 

The voice of actor Mark Hamill was also “de-aged” using Respeecher. Hamill played Luke Skywalker in the first Star Wars movie. His AI-manufactured voice was used in the series’ television show The Mandalorian. Disney+ launched the show in 2019. 

演员马克·哈米尔的声音也使用 Respeecher 进行了“减龄”。 哈米尔在第一部星球大战电影中扮演卢克·天行者。 该系列电视节目《曼达洛人》中使用了他的人工智能声音。 Disney+ 于 2019 年推出该剧。 

Voice actors say they fear AI could reduce the number of jobs because the technology can reproduce one performance into many. The concern led American unionized video game performers to go on strike in July. 

配音演员表示，他们担心人工智能可能会减少工作岗位，因为该技术可以将一种表演复制成多种表演。 这种担忧导致美国电子游戏表演者工会于七月举行罢工。 

For some observers, Jones' decision to permit AI to reproduce his voice raises questions about voice acting as an art. But the decision also could help develop AI agreements that fairly pay actors for AI-based performances. 

对于一些观察家来说，琼斯允许人工智能复制他的声音的决定引发了人们对配音作为一门艺术的质疑。 但这一决定也可能有助于制定人工智能协议，为演员基于人工智能的表演公平支付报酬。 

Zeke Alton is a voice actor and member of SAG-AFTRA’s interactive media agreement negotiating committee. He said it is “amazing” that Jones was involved in the process of reproducing his voice. 

Zeke Alton 是一名配音演员，也是 SAG-AFTRA 互动媒体协议谈判委员会的成员。 他说琼斯参与了复制他的声音的过程，这“令人惊讶”。 

“If the game companies, the movie companies, gave the consent, compensation transparency to every actor that they gave James Earl Jones, we wouldn’t be on strike,” Alton said. “It proves that they can do it. They just don’t want to for people that they feel don’t have the leverage to bargain for themselves.” 

奥尔顿说：“如果游戏公司、电影公司像詹姆斯·厄尔·琼斯那样向每位演员提供同意和薪酬透明度，我们就不会罢工。” “这证明他们可以做到。 他们只是不想为那些他们认为没有能力为自己讨价还价的人提供帮助。”

Hollywood’s video game performers called for a strike after more than 18 months of negotiations over a new interactive media agreement with industry leaders. The negotiators could not reach an agreement on artificial intelligence protections. 

好莱坞视频游戏表演者在与行业领袖就新的互动媒体协议进行了 18 个多月的谈判后呼吁罢工。 谈判代表未能就人工智能保护达成协议。

Members of the union have said they are not opposed to AI. They say they are worried, however, that technology could replace them. 

工会成员表示，他们并不反对人工智能。 然而，他们表示担心技术可能会取代他们。

Concerns over such use of AI were among the reasons that film and television workers went on strike last year. The work stoppages went on for four months. 

对人工智能的这种使用的担忧是去年影视工作者罢工的原因之一。 停工持续了四个月。 

Neither Skywalker Sound nor Respeecher answered a request for comment from Associated Press reporters. But a sound editor with Skywalker Sound spoke to Vanity Fair magazine about the issue. The worker reported that Jones approved the use of old recordings to keep Darth Vader alive. The worker added that Jones guided the new performances. 

Skywalker Sound 和 Respeecher 都没有回应美联社记者的置评请求。 但天行者声音的一位声音编辑向《名利场》杂志谈到了这个问题。 该工人报告说，琼斯批准使用旧录音来维持达斯·维德的生命。 该工作人员补充说，琼斯指导了新的表演。 

Jones' contract could set an example of properly bargaining with an actor over their likeness, said Sarah Elmaleh. She is chair of SAG-AFTRA's interactive negotiating committee. Elmaleh, a voice actor, said there is a chance for these tools to be used in “meaningful, smart artistic decisions.”

莎拉·埃尔马莱说，琼斯的合同可以树立一个与演员就肖像问题进行适当讨价还价的典范。 她是 SAG-AFTRA 互动谈判委员会的主席。 配音演员埃尔马莱表示，这些工具有机会用于“有意义、明智的艺术决策”。 

A sunken Greek village has begun to reappear after water levels dropped in the lake that covered it. Extreme hot, dry weather is blamed for the disappearing Lake Mornos. 

一座沉没的希腊村庄在湖水水位下降后开始重新出现。莫诺斯湖的消失被归咎于极端炎热、干燥的天气。 

The village of Kallio was flooded in 1980 to create the lake. The plan aimed to help supply the ever-increasing water demands of the national capital about 200 kilometers away. Now, long stretches of dried soil mixed with old bricks surround the ruins of the Kallio. 

1980 年，卡里奥村被洪水淹没，形成了这个湖。该计划旨在帮助满足约 200 公里外的国家首都不断增长的用水需求。现在，长长的干土与旧砖混在一起，环绕着卡利奥遗址。 

"Day by day, the water goes down," said Dimitris Giannopoulos, mayor of central Greece’s Dorida area. Reuters news agency reports Lake Mornos supplies water to nearly half of Greece’s population. 

“水位一天天下降，”希腊中部多里达地区市长迪米特里斯·贾诺普洛斯 (Dimitris Giannopoulos) 说。路透社报道称，莫诺斯湖为希腊近一半人口供水。 

Last winter brought little snow to Greece. This summer brought heatwaves but little rain to the country. Last winter was Greece’s warmest on record. 

去年冬天希腊降雪很少。今年夏天，该国出现了热浪，但降雨很少。去年冬天是希腊有记录以来最温暖的冬天。 

Greece's dry climate makes it especially susceptible to the effects of a warming planet. The conditions worsened summer wildfires including some that reached outer areas of Athens last month. Scientists say extreme weather is now driving the dropping lake level. 

希腊干燥的气候使其特别容易受到地球变暖的影响。这种情况加剧了夏季野火，包括上个月蔓延到雅典外围地区的一些野火。科学家表示，极端天气正在导致湖水位下降。 

"It is an alarm bell," said Efthymis Lekkas, a professor of disaster management at the University of Athens. "We don't know what will happen in the coming period. If we have a rainless winter, things will get difficult." 

“这是一个警钟，”雅典大学灾害管理教授埃夫西米斯·莱卡斯 (Efthymis Lekkas) 说。“我们不知道接下来会发生什么。如果冬天没有下雨，事情就会变得困难。” 

Giannopoulos noted that the Mount Giona mountain that rises up from the lake used to be snow-covered. But it saw none last winter. Around the lake, some trees have taken on a yellowish color. "They lack water. This has never happened before," Giannopoulos said. 

詹诺普洛斯指出，从湖中升起的吉奥纳山曾经被白雪覆盖。但去年冬天它什么也没看到。湖边的一些树木已经呈现出淡黄色。“他们缺水。这以前从未发生过，”詹诺普洛斯说。 

Wells in the area are now drying up, he added. And surrounding villages – which do not take water from the lake – suffered water cuts this summer. A local firefighter chief said the risk of wildfires increases as the forests become drier. 

他补充说，该地区的水井现已干涸。周围的村庄不从湖中取水，今年夏天遭受了断水。当地消防队长表示，随着森林变得干燥，发生野火的风险也会增加。 

Satellite images suggest the lake's surface area shrank from around 16.8 square kilometers in August 2022 to just 12 this year. 

卫星图像显示，该湖的表面积从 2022 年 8 月的约 16.8 平方公里缩小到今年的仅 12 平方公里。 

In addition, water supplies at three other water bodies dropped to 700 million cubic meters in August. This water supplies Attica, an area of around 4 million people that includes Athens. That was down from 1.2 billion cubic meters in 2022, the country’s environment ministry said. 

此外，其他三个水体8月份供水量下降至7亿立方米。这些水供应阿提卡，该地区人口约 400 万，其中包括雅典。中国环境部表示，这一数字低于 2022 年的 12 亿立方米。 

The Greek government says the state-run Athens water company had begun supplying those areas with additional sources of water. Former residents of Kallio were surprised to see the village again. But some said they were saddened by its current state. 

希腊政府表示，国营雅典自来水公司已开始向这些地区提供额外的水源。卡利奥的前居民对再次看到这个村庄感到惊讶。但一些人表示，他们对目前的状况感到悲伤。 

"I used to see it full and say it was a beach. Now all you see is dryness," said 90-year-old Konstantinos Gerodimos. 

90 岁的康斯坦丁诺斯·杰罗迪莫斯 (Konstantinos Gerodimos) 说：“以前我看到它满是海滩，但现在你看到的只是干燥。” 

His 77-year-old wife Maria added: "If it continues like this, the entire village will appear, all the way to the bottom, where the church and our home was." 

他77岁的妻子玛丽亚补充道：“如果再这样下去，整个村庄都会出现，一直到最底层，也就是教堂和我们家所在的地方。” 

Many people are now holding onto their smartphones longer than in the past. This is true for several reasons. The cost of phones has been rising for years. And device updates are no longer as meaningful as before. 

现在，许多人使用智能手机的时间比过去更长。 这是事实，有几个原因。 多年来，手机的成本一直在上涨。 而且设备更新不再像以前那么有意义。 

This has made it even more important for smartphone users to take good care of their devices. But how long can a smartphone user expect their device to last? Many experts say if they are cared for effectively, phones can last up to five years, possibly even longer. 

这使得智能手机用户妥善保管自己的设备变得更加重要。 但智能手机用户期望他们的设备能持续多久？ 许多专家表示，如果得到有效保养，手机可以使用长达五年，甚至可能更长。 

Chris Hauk is a technology expert with the website Pixel Privacy. He told The Associated Press (AP), “As long as you take care of your phone and keep it updated, you’re going to get at least four or five good years of use out of it." 

Chris Hauk 是 Pixel Privacy 网站的技术专家。 他告诉美联社（AP），“只要你爱护你的手机并保持更新，你的手机至少可以使用四五年。” 

The AP offers these additional tips for smartphone users looking to keep their devices for as long as possible. 

美联社为希望尽可能长时间保留设备的智能手机用户提供了这些额外的提示。

One of the most important elements affecting smartphone life is the battery. 

影响智能手机寿命的最重要因素之一是电池。 

iPhone maker Apple says a rechargeable battery’s age has little to do with when it was manufactured. Instead, it depends on a complex mix of things, including temperature and charging history. “As lithium-ion batteries chemically age, the amount of charge they can hold diminishes, resulting in reduced battery life and reduced peak performance,” Apple says. 

iPhone 制造商苹果公司表示，充电电池的寿命与其制造时间无关。 相反，它取决于复杂的因素，包括温度和充电历史。 苹果表示：“随着锂离子电池的化学老化，它们所能容纳的电量会减少，从而导致电池寿命缩短和峰值性能下降。” 

Samsung, which uses the Android operating system in its smartphones, says its lithium-ion batteries perform best when kept above a 50 percent charge. The company advises against running the battery completely down 

三星在其智能手机中使用Android操作系统，该公司表示，其锂离子电池在电量保持在50%以上时性能最佳。 该公司建议不要将电池完全耗尽 

In an online guide, Samsung also said that repeatedly letting the battery go to zero percent may shorten its life and decrease overall performance. “If this happens, you’ll need to charge the battery more frequently and it may last only a few hours before needing a charge.” 

三星在在线指南中还表示，反复让电池电量为零可能会缩短其寿命并降低整体性能。 “如果发生这种情况，你需要更频繁地给电池充电，而且电池可能只能维持几个小时就需要充电了。”

Apple says its batteries already warm up as they charge, so phones should not be charged in very hot temperatures. Charging an iPhone in heat above 35 degrees Celsius, for example, “can permanently reduce battery lifespan.” 

苹果表示，其电池在充电时已经变热，因此手机不应在非常热的温度下充电。 例如，在 35 摄氏度以上的高温下给 iPhone 充电“会永久缩短电池寿命”。 

Samsung also says extreme heat or cold can damage batteries. It warns users not to leave their phones inside vehicles or other contained spaces in very hot or cold weather. 

三星还表示，极热或极冷可能会损坏电池。 它警告用户在非常炎热或寒冷的天气里不要将手机留在车辆或其他封闭空间内。 

Hafsa Omer wears the red, white, and green flag of Somaliland while playing basketball.
哈芙萨·奥马在打篮球时穿着索马里兰的红白绿三色旗。

The 21-year-old is the captain of the team. Her dream is to one day play for her nation. But there is a problem: Somaliland is not a recognized country.
这位21岁的女孩是球队的队长。她的梦想是有一天能为她的国家效力。但有一个问题：索马里兰并不是一个被承认的国家。

The breakaway territory in the Horn of Africa has struggled to gain international recognition from any foreign government. The territory has been governing itself and enjoying comparative peace and stability since declaring independence in 1991.
位于非洲之角的这个分离地区一直在努力获得任何外国政府的国际承认。自1991年宣布独立以来，这个地区一直在自我治理，并享有相对的和平与稳定。

Omer and her two sisters play for Hargeisa Girls Basketball. It is the first all-girls team in the territory. She and her sisters aim to put Somaliland on the map. They plan on doing so by using their more than 10,000 followers on social media.
奥马和她的两个姐妹为哈尔格萨女子篮球队效力。这是该地区的第一支全女子球队。她和她的姐妹们的目标是让索马里兰出现在地图上。她们计划通过利用她们在社交媒体上超过一万的粉丝来实现这一目标。

She said, “Somaliland is looking for their recognition and we believe that we could be part of bringing the recognition...”
她说：“索马里兰正在寻求认可，我们相信我们可以成为带来认可的一部分……”

She said they could do that “by wearing the flags, by talking about our country, by promoting it through the short video TikToks or Instagram pictures,” she said. TikTok and Instagram are two popular social media sites.
她说，她们可以通过“穿着国旗、谈论我们的国家、通过抖音短视频或Instagram图片来推广它”来做到这一点。抖音和Instagram是两个流行的社交媒体平台。

Somaliland’s sovereignty came into question in January. That was when local officials said they would give landlocked neighboring country Ethiopia access to the Red Sea.
索马里兰的主权在一月份受到质疑。当地官员当时表示，他们将允许内陆邻国埃塞俄比亚通往红海。

The territory said it would do that in return for recognition as an independent country. That caused diplomatic conflict with Somalia’s federal government.
该地区表示，他们这样做是为了换取对其作为独立国家的承认。这引起了与索马里联邦政府的外交冲突。

Somalia considers Somaliland part of its territory. It rejected the deal permitting Ethiopia to lease 20 kilometers around the port of Berbera. It would have given Ethiopia access to the Red Sea for 50 years for its navy and large shipping boats.
索马里认为索马里兰是其领土的一部分。它拒绝了允许埃塞俄比亚租赁贝尔贝拉港周围20公里的协议。该协议本可以让埃塞俄比亚在50年内通过该港口进入红海，用于其海军和大型货船。

Somaliland officials say they have a strong case to become Africa’s 55th nation.
索马里兰官员表示，他们有充分的理由成为非洲的第55个国家。

Once under British control, the territory now has its own police force, coast guard, passports, and money. It also has a government and a working democratic political system.
曾经在英国统治下的这个地区现在有自己的警察部队、海岸警卫队、护照和货币。它还有一个政府和一个运作良好的民主政治系统。

That record is very different than the situation in Somalia. In Somalia, government forces have been fighting the militant group al Shabaab. The group has links to the terrorist group al Qaeda.
这种记录与索马里的情况截然不同。在索马里，政府军一直在与激进组织青年党作战。该组织与恐怖组织基地组织有联系。

Omer sees her support of Somaliland’s independence as part of her father and uncles’ armed struggle in the 1980s against the dictator Siad Barre.
奥马将她对索马里兰独立的支持视为她父亲和叔叔们在1980年代反对独裁者西亚德·巴雷的武装斗争的一部分。

"My dad talks about it every day, what he and his friends had been through, while he watched his cousins dying in front of him," she said.
“我爸爸每天都在谈论这件事，他和他的朋友们经历了什么，同时他看着他的堂兄弟们在他面前死去，”她说。

While the territory of around 3.5 million people may not gain international recognition soon, Omer has made progress in supporting women’s rights in the conservative territory.
尽管这个约350万人口的地区可能不会很快获得国际承认，但奥马在支持这个保守地区的女性权利方面已经取得了进展。

Since she founded Hargeisa Girls Basketball in 2018, other female teams have come together for an all-girls league.
自从她在2018年创办了哈尔格萨女子篮球队以来，其他女子球队也组成了一个全女子联赛。

For her sister Fatima Omer, basketball serves both goals.
对她的妹妹法蒂玛·奥马来说，篮球实现了两个目标。

She said, “We just want the world to see us.”
她说：“我们只想让世界看到我们。”

The East African country of Uganda has begun a nationwide yellow fever vaccination campaign.

东非国家乌干达已开始全国范围的黄热病疫苗接种活动。

The aim is for the country to protect its population against the viral disease. Yellow fever is spread by insects called mosquitoes.

该国的目标是保护其人口免受这种病毒性疾病的侵害。黄热病通过一种叫蚊子的昆虫传播。

Dr. Michael Baganizi is an official in charge of immunization at the health ministry. By the end of April, Ugandan officials had vaccinated 12.2 of the 14 million people targeted, he said.

Michael Baganizi博士是卫生部负责免疫接种的官员。他说，截至四月底，乌干达官员已为1400万人中的1220万人接种了疫苗。

Baganizi added that Uganda will now require everyone traveling to and from the country to have a yellow fever vaccination card.

Baganizi补充说，乌干达现在要求所有往返该国的人员持有黄热病疫苗接种卡。

Ugandan officials hope the requirement will push more people to get the yellow fever shot. Many people in Uganda have concerns about getting the vaccine. That worries health care providers.

乌干达官员希望这一要求能推动更多人接种黄热病疫苗。乌干达的许多人对接种疫苗存在担忧，这让医疗保健提供者感到担忧。

The vaccine involves one injection. It is available at no cost to Ugandans between the ages of one and 60. There are vaccination centers in the capital, Kampala. Places offering the vaccine include schools, universities, hospitals, and local government buildings.

这种疫苗只需注射一次。对年龄在1到60岁之间的乌干达人免费提供。首都坎帕拉设有疫苗接种中心。提供疫苗的地方包括学校、大学、医院和地方政府大楼。

The Associated Press (AP) reports that, before the current campaign, Ugandans usually paid $27 to get the yellow fever vaccination at private health centers.

美联社（AP）报道说，在目前的活动之前，乌干达人通常在私人医疗中心接种黄热病疫苗需支付27美元。

Uganda has more than 45 million people. It is one of 27 countries in Africa that is considered at “high risk” for yellow fever outbreaks. The World Health Organization (WHO) says there are about 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths around the world from the disease.

乌干达人口超过4500万。乌干达是非洲27个被认为黄热病爆发“高风险”的国家之一。世界卫生组织（WHO）表示，全球每年约有20万例黄热病病例和3万例死亡。

Uganda’s most recent outbreak was reported earlier this year in the central areas of Buikwe and Buvuma.

乌干达最近一次的黄热病爆发是在今年早些时候在Buikwe和Buvuma中部地区报告的。

Yellow fever is caused by a virus spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Most infections do not have symptoms. The WHO says symptoms can include a high body temperature, muscle pain, head pain, loss of willingness to eat, upset stomach, and vomiting.

黄热病是由病毒引起的，通过被感染蚊子的叮咬传播。大多数感染没有症状。世卫组织表示，症状可能包括高烧、肌肉疼痛、头痛、食欲不振、胃部不适和呕吐。

Uganda’s vaccination program is part of a worldwide effort launched in 2017 to eliminate yellow fever by 2026. That goal was set by the WHO and its partners such as the U.N. children’s agency. The aim is to protect almost one billion people in Africa and in North and South America.

乌干达的疫苗接种计划是2017年启动的全球努力的一部分，目标是在2026年前消除黄热病。这个目标是由世卫组织及其合作伙伴如联合国儿童基金会设定的。目的是保护非洲和南北美洲近10亿人。

Last year, a study said that 185 million people in high-risk African countries had been vaccinated by August 2022.

去年，一项研究指出，到2022年8月，非洲高风险国家的1.85亿人已接种了疫苗。

In Uganda, most people get the yellow fever vaccination when they are traveling to countries such as South Africa. South Africa requires proof of vaccination upon arrival in the country.

在乌干达，大多数人是在前往南非等国家时接种黄热病疫苗的。南非要求入境时提供接种证明。

James Odite is a nurse working at a private hospital, which also is a vaccination center in an area of Kampala. He told the AP that hundreds of shots remained unused after the yellow fever vaccination campaign closed. They might be used in a future mass campaign.

James Odite是一名在私立医院工作的护士，该医院也是坎帕拉地区的疫苗接种中心。他告诉美联社，在黄热病疫苗接种活动结束后，数百支疫苗仍未使用。这些疫苗可能会在未来的大规模接种活动中使用。

Some people wonder if “the government wants to give them expired vaccines,” Odite said.

Odite说，有些人怀疑“政府是否想给他们注射过期疫苗”。

Baganizi said Uganda’s government has spent money on community “sensitization” programs. In these programs, officials tell people that vaccines save lives.

Baganizi说，乌干达政府在社区“宣传”项目上花了钱。在这些项目中，官员们告诉人们疫苗可以拯救生命。

Agriculture companies are using new methods to change the genes of plants to produce more productive crops.

农业公司正在使用新方法改变植物的基因，以生产出更高产的作物。

The process of gene-editing is gaining attention from people interested in agriculture. It makes changes to the existing genes of a plant, such as wheat. That is different from genetic modification, which produces what are known as genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. That process introduces completely new DNA to a plant’s genetic information.

基因编辑过程正在引起对农业感兴趣的人的关注。它对植物现有基因进行改变，例如小麦。这与基因改造不同，基因改造会产生所谓的转基因生物（GMOs）。基因改造是将全新的DNA引入植物的基因信息中。

Regulators and scientists believe gene-editing is less risky than genetic modification. They say it is closer to traditional methods of plant breeding. The process permits scientists to target several genes for editing.

监管机构和科学家认为基因编辑比基因改造风险更小。他们表示，基因编辑更接近传统的植物育种方法。这个过程允许科学家针对多个基因进行编辑。

A state-run company in Australia is preparing for a major trial of gene-edited wheat. Australian seed breeder InterGrain recently imported thousands of wheat seeds created by the American agricultural technology company Inari.

澳大利亚的一家国营公司正在准备一项基因编辑小麦的重大试验。澳大利亚种子育种公司InterGrain最近从美国农业技术公司Inari进口了数千粒小麦种子。

InterGrain chief Tress Walmsely said the wheat imports included hundreds of new genetic variations. Walmsley said the seeds are growing in a testing greenhouse in the state of Queensland. The plan is to create more seeds which can be planted across Australia in 2025.

InterGrain的主管Tress Walmsely表示，这些进口的小麦包含数百种新的基因变异。Walmsley说，这些种子正在昆士兰州的一个测试温室中生长。计划是到2025年生产出更多可以在澳大利亚各地种植的种子。

"Our job is to work out which gene combination gives the best results. Our goal is at least 10 percent yield improvement. These seeds have the potential to achieve that," she said.

“我们的工作是找出哪种基因组合能带来最佳结果。我们的目标是至少提高10%的产量。这些种子有潜力实现这一目标，”她说。

The company believes it could be selling seeds to Australian farmers starting in 2028.

该公司认为，到2028年可以开始向澳大利亚农民出售种子。

Inari uses artificial intelligence (AI) to consider a huge number of possible edits and then uses the CRISPR gene-editing tool to change more than one gene at a time.

Inari使用人工智能（AI）考虑大量可能的编辑，然后使用CRISPR基因编辑工具一次性改变多个基因。

InterGrain and Inari believe the program could result in stronger wheat and bigger crops with a process 10 to 15 times faster than traditional plant breeding. Plant breeding happens when scientists mate two plants with desirable characteristics. It can take years for the best version of a plant to arrive.

InterGrain和Inari相信，这个项目可以产生更强壮的小麦和更大的作物，其过程比传统植物育种快10到15倍。植物育种是指科学家将两株具有理想特性的植物交配，可能需要多年才能培育出最佳版本的植物。

Some gene-edited crops already exist. Most of them offer small nutritional improvements or have an increased ability to resist disease. The new wheat plants in Australia will have many of those qualities.

一些基因编辑作物已经存在。它们大多数提供了小幅的营养改善或增强了抗病能力。澳大利亚的新小麦将具备这些特性中的许多。

"We want to solve food security, climate change and farm profitability at the same time," said Inari’s chief Ponsi Trivisvavet.

Inari的主管Ponsi Trivisvavet说：“我们希望同时解决食品安全、气候变化和农场盈利问题。”

Australia is working to ensure that it can export the gene-edited wheat. Some countries, such as the U.S. and Japan, have already said they believe gene-editing is not very different from plant breeding. Officials in those countries will be more likely to approve the Australian wheat.

澳大利亚正在努力确保能够出口基因编辑小麦。一些国家，如美国和日本，已经表示他们认为基因编辑与植物育种没有太大区别。这些国家的官员更有可能批准澳大利亚的小麦。

The European Union is expected to make a similar decision and China approved a gene-edited wheat plant in May.

预计欧盟也会作出类似的决定，中国在五月批准了一种基因编辑小麦。

Inari said it is working with agriculture companies in the U.S. on a gene-edited soybean that will produce larger crop yields.

Inari表示，它正在与美国的农业公司合作开发一种基因编辑大豆，这种大豆将带来更高的作物产量。

Many countries have already accepted genetically modified soybeans because they are mostly used to feed animals. Officials, however, have been slower to approve the modification of wheat because much of it is used in products made for humans.

许多国家已经接受了转基因大豆，因为它们主要用于喂养动物。然而，官员们在批准小麦的改造方面一直较慢，因为小麦大多用于生产人类食用的产品。

Reduced treatment for three kinds of cancer can make life easier for patients without hurting results, doctors reported recently at the world’s largest cancer conference.

减少三种癌症的治疗可以让患者的生活更轻松，而不影响治疗效果，医生们最近在世界上最大的癌症会议上报告。

The findings are part of a long-term move toward studying whether doing less surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation can help patients live longer and feel better. The latest studies involved ovarian and esophageal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma.

这些发现是长期研究的一部分，研究是否减少手术、化疗或放疗可以帮助患者活得更久，感觉更好。最新的研究涉及卵巢癌、食道癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤。

Thirty years ago, cancer research was about doing more, not less. In one example, women with advanced breast cancer were pushed to the edge of death with large doses of chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. The treatment did not work any better than chemotherapy and patients suffered.

三十年前，癌症研究注重的是多做而不是少做。举一个例子，患有晚期乳腺癌的女性被大剂量的化疗和骨髓移植推到了死亡的边缘。结果这种治疗效果并不比单纯化疗好，患者也承受了更多痛苦。

Now, in an effort to improve cancer care, researchers are asking: “Do we need all that treatment that we have used in the past?”

现在，为了改善癌症护理，研究人员在问：“我们是否需要过去使用的所有治疗？”

It is a question, “that should be asked over and over again,” said Dr. Tatjana Kolevska of the Kaiser Permanente National Cancer Excellence Program. Kolevska was not involved in the new research.

这是一个“应该一遍又一遍地问”的问题，凯撒永久国家癌症卓越项目的Tatjana Kolevska博士说。Kolevska并未参与新的研究。

Often, doing less works because of improved drugs.

通常，减少治疗有效是因为药物的改进。

Dr. William G. Nelson of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine was also not involved in the new research. He said, “The good news is that cancer treatment is not only becoming more effective, it’s becoming easier to tolerate and associated with less short-term and long-term complications.”

约翰霍普金斯医学院的William G. Nelson博士也没有参与新的研究。他说：“好消息是，癌症治疗不仅变得更有效，而且更容易耐受，并且与更少的短期和长期并发症相关。”

The term complications means to make a medical problem worse or to cause new medical problems to appear.

并发症一词意味着使医疗问题恶化或导致出现新的医疗问题。

Studies showing the effects of reduced treatments were discussed recently at an American Society of Clinical Oncology conference in Chicago.

显示减少治疗效果的研究最近在芝加哥的美国临床肿瘤学会会议上进行了讨论。

Here are a few key points:

以下是一些要点：

French researchers found that it is safe to avoid removing lymph nodes that appear healthy during surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. The study compared the results for 379 patients.

法国研究人员发现，在晚期卵巢癌手术中避免切除看起来健康的淋巴结是安全的。该研究比较了379名患者的结果。

Half had their lymph nodes removed and half did not. After nine years, there was no difference in how long the patients lived.

一半患者切除了淋巴结，一半没有。九年后，患者的生存时间没有差异。

Those with less-extreme surgery had fewer complications, such as the need for blood transfusions. The research was financed by the National Institute of Cancer in France.

那些接受较少激烈手术的患者并发症更少，比如需要输血的情况。该研究由法国国家癌症研究所资助。

A German study looked at 438 people with a kind of cancer of the esophagus that can be treated with surgery. Half received a common treatment plan that included chemotherapy and surgery on the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Half got another treatment that includes radiation, too. Both techniques are considered standard. Which one patients get can depends on where they get treatment.

一项德国研究调查了438名患有一种可以通过手术治疗的食道癌患者。一半患者接受了一种包括化疗和食道手术的常规治疗方案，食道是从喉咙到胃的食物通道。另一半患者接受了包括放疗在内的另一种治疗。这两种技术都被认为是标准的。患者接受哪种治疗取决于他们在哪里接受治疗。

After three years, 57 percent of those who got chemo and surgery were alive, compared to 51 percent of those who got chemo, surgery and radiation. The German Research Foundation financed the study.

三年后，接受化疗和手术的患者中有57%存活，相比之下，接受化疗、手术和放疗的患者中有51%存活。该研究由德国研究基金会资助。

A comparison of two chemotherapy treatments for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma found the gentler treatment was more effective for the blood cancer and caused fewer side effects.

对两种晚期霍奇金淋巴瘤化疗治疗的比较发现，较温和的治疗对这种血癌更有效，并且引起的副作用更少。

After four years, the gentler chemo kept the disease in control in 94 percent of people, compared to 91 percent of those who had the more powerful treatment. The trial included 1,482 people in nine countries — Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Australia and New Zealand.

四年后，较温和的化疗在94%的人群中控制了疾病，而更强的治疗在91%的人群中控制了疾病。该试验包括了来自九个国家的1482人——德国、奥地利、瑞士、荷兰、丹麦、瑞典、挪威、澳大利亚和新西兰。

The study was financed by Takeda Oncology, the maker of one of the drugs used in the gentler chemo that was studied.

该研究由武田肿瘤公司资助，武田肿瘤公司是研究中使用的较温和化疗药物之一的制造商。 

The huge solar storm that hit Earth this month was described as the biggest in two decades. The Sun blasted intense radiation, billions of tonnes of matter and strong magnetic fields at our planet. 

本月袭击地球的大型太阳风暴堪称近二十年来最大的一次。太阳向地球发射出强烈的辐射，释放出数十亿吨的物质和强磁场。

The coloured lights in the sky were spectacular, but the effects could've been much worse. Such storms can interrupt radio communications and even damage power grids, which is why the UK has been pushing its partners in the European Space Agency to build a new satellite to give earlier warnings.

这让天空中的色彩看上去十分壮观，但后果可能比想象的更严重。这种规模的太阳风暴可能会中断无线电通信，甚至会破坏电网。这就是为什么英国一直在敦促其在欧洲航天局的合作伙伴建造一颗新卫星以发出早期预警。

This spacecraft called 'Vigil' has now been ordered from Airbus UK. It'll be sent millions of miles away so it can see the side of the Sun that's about to rotate into view of the Earth. This'll give forecasters a further three to four days' notice of trouble that could be coming our way.

这艘名为 “Vigil（警戒）” 的航天器现已由空中客车英国公司接单制造。它将被送往数百万英里之外，以便能够看到太阳即将旋转面对地球的那一面。这将使天文预报人员能提前三到四天预知可能要发生的麻烦。

词汇表

solar storm 太阳风暴
blasted （爆炸）发射出
radiation 辐射
matter 物质
magnetic fields 磁场
interrupt 中断、干扰
power grids 电网
spacecraft 航天器
rotate 旋转
forecasters 预报人员

"Take your brolly, it's chucking it down!" The UK is famous for its rainy weather, and Brits LOVE to complain about it – particularly when the arrival of spring teases us with warmth and light, but with them come the 'April showers', lovingly shared by Britain, Ireland and some of coastal northern Europe. What exactly are they, and why do they insist on coming every year?

“拿起你的雨伞，它正在把它扔下来！” 英国以多雨的天气而闻名，英国人喜欢抱怨它——尤其是当春天的到来给我们带来温暖和光明的时候，但随之而来的是“四月阵雨”，英国、爱尔兰和一些沿海国家都喜欢分享这种天气。 北欧。 他们到底是什么人，为什么每年都坚持要来？

Meteorologists differentiate between rain and showers. The UK's national weather service, the Met Office, says that rain is precipitation brought by a weather front, is usually long-lasting, and stretches over large areas, whereas showers fall from individual clouds and are characterised by intermittent patterns. So, it can be sunny one minute, and the next you're getting caught in a large downpour, but then ten minutes later, you can put away your waterproof jacket and get your sunnies out!

气象学家区分雨和阵雨。 英国国家气象局英国气象局表示，降雨是锋面带来的降水，通常持续时间较长，覆盖大片区域，而阵雨则是从个别云层中落下，具有间歇性模式。 所以，可能前一分钟还是阳光明媚，下一分钟就下起了倾盆大雨，但十分钟后，你就可以收起你的防水外套，拿出你的太阳镜了！

So, what's responsible? Rob Thompson, meteorologist at the University of Reading, says that as the hot air rises, it forms the cumulus clouds that produce showers. These are then driven by the jet stream – strong winds that move northwards during spring – creating rather unsettled and unpredictable weather. Besides the drizzle, we're just as likely to experience snow as we are to feel sun as strong as that in late August!

那么，责任是什么？ 雷丁大学气象学家罗布·汤普森表示，随着热空气上升，它会形成积云，从而产生阵雨。 然后，它们受到急流（春季期间向北移动的强风）的驱动，造成相当不稳定和不可预测的天气。 除了毛毛雨之外，我们也可能会遇到雪，就像八月底那样强烈的阳光一样！

With all this in mind, would it surprise you to hear that April is actually one of the driest months of the whole year? In 2021, data company Statista recorded 137.6mm of rainfall in January, compared to just 20.1mm in April, with similar results for the last four years. That's because while there are lots of rainy days in April, the showers are scattered, and there aren't as many of the long downpours we see in the winter months. But, this is likely to change as the world warms up. Weather that causes flash floods is predicted to be four times as frequent in Britain by the 2070s, according to a study by Elizabeth Kendon and colleagues, published in Nature Communications.

考虑到这一切，当您听到四月实际上是全年最干燥的月份之一时，您会感到惊讶吗？ 2021 年，数据公司 Statista 记录的 1 月份降雨量为 137.6 毫米，而 4 月份仅为 20.1 毫米，过去四年的结果相似。 这是因为虽然四月有很多雨天，但阵雨分散，而且没有冬季那样多的长时间倾盆大雨。 但是，随着世界变暖，这种情况可能会发生变化。 根据伊丽莎白·肯登 (Elizabeth Kendon) 及其同事在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications) 上发表的一项研究，预计到 2070 年代，英国引发山洪的天气频率将增加四倍。

There is a British proverb that goes "March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers". It is a reminder that, despite our complaints, April showers can be a symbol for renewal and new beginnings. So Brits, instead of complaining about the drizzly days, why not romanticise that pitter-patter sound that brings us the colourful spring bloom?

英国有句谚语：“三月风，四月雨，生五月花”。 这提醒我们，尽管我们有抱怨，四月的阵雨仍然可以成为更新和新开始的象征。 那么英国人，与其抱怨毛毛细雨，不如将那为我们带来色彩缤纷的春天花朵的淅淅沥沥的声音浪漫化呢？

词汇表

brolly 雨伞
chuck it down 下瓢泼大雨
shower 阵雨
meteorologist 气象学家
precipitation 降水
weather front 气象 “锋”
intermittent 断断续续的
downpour 暴雨，骤雨
waterproof 防水的
sunnies 太阳镜，墨镜
cumulus 积云
jet stream 急流，喷射气流
unsettled 变幻莫测的
drizzle 毛毛雨
rainfall 降雨（量）
scattered 分散的，疏疏落落的
flash flood 突发性洪水
drizzly 下毛毛雨的
pitter-patter （下雨的）啪嗒啪嗒声

Boeing launched astronauts into space with its delayed Starliner spacecraft for the first time Wednesday. 

波音公司于周三首次使用其延迟的星际线飞船将宇航员送入太空。

The launch marked the company’s entry into competition with SpaceX to provide service for the American space agency NASA. 

此次发射标志着该公司进入与SpaceX竞争，为美国航天局NASA提供服务。

NASA test pilots Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams lifted off in the Starliner spacecraft for the International Space Station (ISS) from Cape Canaveral in Florida. It was powered by an Atlas V rocket from the United Launch Alliance of Boeing and Lockheed Martin. 

NASA测试飞行员Butch Wilmore和Suni Williams乘坐星际线飞船从佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角起飞前往国际空间站（ISS）。该飞船由波音和洛克希德·马丁公司的联合发射联盟的Atlas V火箭提供动力。

Boeing designed Starliner to fly without human assistance. But the astronauts can take control of the spacecraft if necessary. The test flight calls for Wilmore and Williams to take control of the vehicle on the way to the space station. The trip to the ISS is expected to last 25 hours, with arrival on Thursday. The two astronauts will spend just one week at the orbiting laboratory before heading back to Earth to land in the western United States on June 14. 

波音设计的星际线飞船可以在没有人为干预的情况下飞行。但如果有必要，宇航员可以控制飞船。测试飞行要求Wilmore和Williams在前往空间站的途中控制飞行器。预计到达ISS的时间为25小时，预计将在周四到达。两名宇航员将在轨道实验室停留一周，然后于6月14日返回地球，降落在美国西部。

Wilmore and Williams are former Navy pilots and long-time astronauts. The two have spent a combined 500 days in space over two ISS missions each. Both said repeatedly before the launch that they had full confidence in Boeing for this flight after so many delays. 

Wilmore和Williams都是前海军飞行员和长期的宇航员。两人分别在两次ISS任务中共度过了500天的太空时光。两人在发射前反复表示，在经历了这么多次的延误后，他们对这次飞行充满信心。

The launch came two years after Starliner completed its first test flight to the ISS without astronauts on board. Last-minute problems had delayed the Starliner's first two launch attempts with humans. 

此次发射是在星际线完成首次无宇航员的ISS测试飞行两年后进行的。最后时刻的问题导致星际线的前两次载人发射尝试被推迟。

NASA halted a planned May 6 launch two hours before liftoff because of a problem with a rocket. Another attempt last Saturday was halted less than four minutes before liftoff because of a problem with a launchpad computer. 

由于火箭问题，NASA在计划于5月6日的发射前两小时叫停了发射。上周六的另一次尝试则在发射前不到四分钟因发射台计算机问题而被叫停。

“I know it’s been a long road to get here,” NASA’s commercial crew program leader Steve Stich said before the weekend delay. 

“我知道到达这里的道路很漫长，”NASA商业载人计划负责人Steve Stich在周末推迟前说道。

Boeing and SpaceX are both paid to carry NASA’s astronauts to and from the space station. The space agency wanted two competing U.S. companies after ending the space shuttle program. 

波音和SpaceX都获得了运送NASA宇航员往返空间站的报酬。在结束航天飞机计划后，NASA希望有两家竞争的美国公司。

In 2020, SpaceX became the first private business to launch astronauts into orbit. Only three countries, Russia, the U.S., and China have launched humans into space using their own systems. Since then, SpaceX has taken nine crews to the space station for NASA and three private groups for a Houston company. 

2020年，SpaceX成为首个将宇航员送入轨道的私人企业。只有俄罗斯、美国和中国三个国家使用自己的系统将人类送入太空。从那时起，SpaceX已经为NASA送了九个航班到空间站，并为休斯顿的一家公司送了三个私人团体。

If the Starliner mission goes well, NASA will use both SpaceX and Boeing for flights, beginning next year. 

如果星际线任务顺利，NASA将从明年开始同时使用SpaceX和波音进行飞行。

NASA's Lucy spacecraft visited a little asteroid called Dinkinesh last November. The visit, scientists say, unlocks a surprisingly interesting history of the asteroid along with its companion, Selam.

NASA的露西号航天器去年十一月拜访了一个名为Dinkinesh的小行星。科学家们表示，这次拜访揭示了该小行星及其伴侣Selam的一个令人惊讶的有趣历史。

Asteroids are ancient objects from the beginning of the solar system. They offer clues about how Earth and other planets formed about 4.5 billion years ago.

小行星是太阳系形成初期的古老天体。它们提供了关于地球和其他行星在大约45亿年前如何形成的线索。

The U.S. space agency launched Lucy in 2021 on a 12-year mission to study asteroids. The mission is especially interested in Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, two groups of space rocks that lead and follow the giant planet as it orbits the sun.

美国航天局在2021年发射了露西号，执行一个为期12年的小行星研究任务。该任务特别关注木星的特洛伊小行星，这两组空间岩石在木星绕太阳运行时分别位于其前后。

On the way, Lucy flew past Dinkinesh and Selam in the inner edge of the main asteroid belt. The spacecraft observed ridges, trough structures and other features on Dinkinesh.

在途中，露西号飞过了主小行星带内缘的Dinkinesh和Selam。航天器观察到了Dinkinesh上的山脊、槽状结构和其他特征。

Dinkinesh has a diameter of nearly 720 meters. Selam is made up of two similarly sized lobes, one about 230 meters wide and the other about 210 meters. Selam orbits Dinkinesh once about every 53 hours at a distance of about 3.1 kilometers.

Dinkinesh的直径接近720米。Selam由两个大小相似的叶状体组成，一个约230米宽，另一个约210米宽。Selam以大约每53小时绕Dinkinesh一圈，距离约3.1公里。

It appears, the researchers said, that a big piece of rock broke free sometime in the past from Dinkinesh. The rock was about a quarter its total size, creating a trough on its surface and sending debris into space. Some of this debris, they said, fell back onto Dinkinesh's surface to form a ridge structure.

研究人员表示，过去某个时候，一大块岩石从Dinkinesh上脱落下来。该岩石约占其总大小的四分之一，形成了一个槽，并将碎片送入太空。他们说，其中一些碎片重新落回Dinkinesh的表面，形成了一个山脊结构。

Other materials came together to form Selam, becoming what is called a contact-binary moonlet.

其他材料聚集在一起形成了Selam，成为了所谓的接触双星小卫星。

Katherine Kretke, from the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado, is a co-writer of the study published in Nature. She said that “a contact-binary is when it appears that a single body is composed of two objects that collided gently enough not to become disrupted.”

来自科罗拉多州西南研究所的Katherine Kretke是发表在《自然》杂志上的这项研究的共同作者。她说，“接触双星是指看起来由两个相互碰撞且碰撞力度足够轻不会破碎的天体组成的单一天体。”

Kretke said they are common in the solar system, but Selam was “the first time a contact-binary has been observed orbiting another asteroid.”

Kretke表示，它们在太阳系中很常见，但Selam是“第一次观测到的绕着另一颗小行星运行的接触双星。”

Simone Marchi is another co-writer of the study. He said, "A planet like Earth formed by the accumulation of countless small bodies. Understanding the properties of small asteroids such as Dinkinesh and Selam helps us to have a better picture of the earliest phases of planet formation.”

Simone Marchi是该研究的另一位共同作者。他说：“像地球这样的行星是由无数小天体聚集形成的。了解像Dinkinesh和Selam这样的小行星的性质，有助于我们更好地了解行星形成的最初阶段。”

NASA's spacecraft was named for the Ethiopian fossil of the extinct human relative Australopithecus called “Lucy.” That fossil has provided information about early human beings, much like asteroids provide knowledge of planetary formation.

NASA的航天器以埃塞俄比亚发现的已灭绝人类亲属——南方古猿的化石“露西”命名。那块化石提供了关于早期人类的信息，正如小行星提供了行星形成的知识。

Dinkinesh is the Ethiopian name for the Lucy fossil, meaning "you are marvelous" in the Amharic language. Selam, the Ethiopian name for another Australopithecus fossil, means "peace" in Amharic.

Dinkinesh是露西化石的埃塞俄比亚名称，在阿姆哈拉语中意为“你真了不起”。Selam是另一个南方古猿化石的埃塞俄比亚名称，在阿姆哈拉语中意为“和平”。

Lucy will next visit the asteroid Donaldjohanson in 2025 in the main asteroid belt. The spacecraft is expected to visit 11 asteroids in total.

露西号下一次将在2025年拜访主小行星带中的小行星Donaldjohanson。预计该航天器将总共拜访11颗小行星。

Robert: Well, there is another opportunity that might be more appealing… 

Robert: 嗯，还有一个可能更吸引人的机会……

Jessica: Ookaay, I’m listening…

Jessica: 好吧，我在听……

Robert: So that’s the classic hedge fund. High risk, high reward. But I wonder if you’d be interested in a newer product… a different kind of hedge fund. More distributed risk. Longer play. 

Robert: 那就是经典的对冲基金。高风险，高回报。但我想知道你是否会对一种新的产品感兴趣……一种不同类型的对冲基金。风险更分散，周期更长。

Jessica: But still… I’d need at least 250K? 

Jessica: 但我还是需要至少25万美元吗？

Robert: Not with this one. It’s just twenty-five thousand. And this is like a fund of hedge funds. It’s more of a long-term strategy that beats the stock market over time. Much lower risk than a classic hedge fund, and registered with the SEC. And get this: it’s a 1% management fee, with no performance incentive. 

Robert: 不是这个。只需要两万五千美元。而且这就像是一个对冲基金的基金。这是一种长期策略，随着时间的推移能够击败股票市场。风险比经典对冲基金低得多，并且在美国证券交易委员会注册。而且你看：管理费只有1%，没有业绩激励。

Jessica: That’s… interesting. In a few different ways. But… I wanted to ask about something else I’ve been reading about: corporate bonds. I’ve seen some pretty good numbers… like returns of over 10%. That sounds pretty good to me. 

Jessica: 这……很有趣。从几个不同的方面来说。但……我想问一下我最近读到的另一件事：公司债券。我看到了相当不错的数字……比如超过10%的回报。听起来很不错。

Robert: Yeah, corporate bonds… there’s a ton of stuff online about those. But not everything is 100% reliable, just as a note of caution. Kind of depends on the source.

Robert: 是的，公司债券……网上有很多关于它们的信息。但并不是所有的信息都100%可靠，这只是一个提醒。这有点取决于来源。

Jessica: Sure… I get that. I looked at several sites that touted the benefits. So I was just curious if that was part of the strategy? 

Jessica: 当然……我明白。我看了几个宣传其好处的网站。所以我只是好奇这是否是策略的一部分？

Robert: Well here’s the thing about corporate bonds: it’s a big investment in a single entity. Which is pretty much the same risk as a classic hedge fund, if you see what I’m saying. 

Robert: 关于公司债券的问题是：这是对单一实体的大笔投资。如果你明白我的意思，这和经典对冲基金的风险差不多。

Jessica: Hmm. Will have to think that through some more. 

Jessica: 嗯。我还得再仔细考虑一下。

Robert: You know, rather than corporate bonds, you might consider REITs. Or Real Estate Investment Trusts. Basically a company with diverse real estate holdings that pays dividends on a regular basis. Pretty stable, and pretty attractive returns. 

Robert: 你知道，与其考虑公司债券，你可能更应该考虑房地产投资信托基金。基本上就是一家拥有多样化房地产持有的公司，定期支付股息。相当稳定，而且回报也相当吸引人。

Jessica: Stability and returns… something to think about. So…that different kind of hedge fund you mentioned. The one with the low fees. “Fund of funds”didyou say? That might be appealing too. 

Jessica: 稳定性和回报……值得考虑。那么……你提到的那种不同类型的对冲基金。低费用的那种。你说的是“基金的基金”吗？那也可能很吸引人。

Robert: You know, there’s absolutely no need to rush on this. Your investments are doing fine for the time being. Just looking for some ways to dial up earnings without taking on too much risk. Anyway I’ll send you some things to read and we can circle back on it later. 

Robert: 你知道，完全不需要急于决定。你目前的投资情况很好。只是寻找一些在不承担太多风险的情况下提高收益的方法。不管怎样，我会给你发一些资料，我们可以稍后再讨论。

Jessica: Great, I’d appreciate that. I need to give it some thought. 

Jessica: 太好了，非常感谢。我需要仔细考虑一下。

Michael: The news isn’t great I’m afraid. I know all of us had very high expectations for the launch, but we’re going to have to come to grips with the situation. 

Michael: 恐怕消息不太好。我知道我们大家对这次发布都抱有很高的期望，但我们需要面对现实。

Rachel: Sorry, but I don’t quite see what you mean. What are you getting at? 

Rachel: 对不起，但我不太明白你的意思。你在说什么？

Michael: Well, Rachel, what I’m saying is... we’ve had a closer look at the numbers, and it isn’t pretty. 

Michael: 嗯，Rachel，我的意思是……我们仔细看了一下数据，情况不容乐观。

Ryan: I see. So in other words, you’re saying it’s been a complete failure? Is that right?Ryan: 我明白了。换句话说，你是说这完全是个失败？对吗？

Michael: That would be one way of looking at it. I prefer to see it as a challenge. But to salvage this situation, we really have our work cut out for us. 

Michael: 这是一种看法。我更愿意把它看作是一个挑战。但要挽救这种情况，我们确实需要付出很多努力。

Rachel: What exactly do you mean by “salvage?” Do you think we are going to have to scrap the whole product line? 

Rachel: 你说的“挽救”究竟是什么意思？你认为我们需要废弃整个产品线吗？

Michael: I’m afraid so. Actually, I’m thinking about how to salvage the company. It’s going to take everything we have just to keep this company afloat. 

Michael: 恐怕是的。事实上，我在想如何挽救公司。我们需要竭尽全力才能让公司维持下去。

Ryan: Is it really that bad? I mean, we do have strong investor support don’t we? 

Ryan: 真的这么糟糕吗？我的意思是，我们有强大的投资者支持，不是吗？

Michael: Let me make sure I understand what you mean. You’re asking if our investors will stay with us through this, is that right? 

Michael: 让我确认一下你的意思。你是在问我们的投资者是否会在这期间继续支持我们，对吗？

Ryan: Yeah, that’s right. I mean, they’ve been very enthusiastic from the beginning. There’s always going to be a few problems along the way. 

Ryan: 是的，没错。我的意思是，他们从一开始就非常热情。一路上总会有一些问题。

Michael: Well, unfortunately, it’s not that simple. They want to know who is going to take responsibility for this mess. They want to see some major adjustments, you see.

Michael: 不幸的是，事情没那么简单。他们想知道谁会为这场混乱负责。他们希望看到一些重大调整，你明白吗？

Rachel: Wait a second. What do you mean by “adjustment”? We’re not talking about redundancies here, are we? 

Rachel: 等一下。你说的“调整”是什么意思？我们不是在谈论裁员吧？

Michael: Actually, it’s funny you should mention that, Rachel. You know, no one has contributed more to this project than you have. And we all really appreciate that...Michael: 实际上，Rachel，你提到这个真的很有意思。你知道，没有人比你对这个项目的贡献更多。我们都非常感谢你……

Another device from the Massachusetts company Epicore Biosystems uses sweat to find out if a worker is overheating. 

马萨诸塞州 Epicore Biosystems 公司的另一款设备利用汗水来判断工人是否过热。 

Experts say the effectiveness of some devices remains unproven although research has shown that some successfully predict body temperature. A 2022 study said age, sex, and the amount of water in the air make it difficult to measure body temperature. 

专家表示，尽管研究表明某些设备可以成功预测体温，但某些设备的有效性尚未得到证实。 2022 年的一项研究称，年龄、性别和空气中的水含量使测量体温变得困难。

However, some groups worry that employers will use the technology to punish people for taking needed breaks. 

然而，一些团体担心雇主会利用这项技术来惩罚那些需要休息的人。 

Travis Parsons is with the Laborers’ Health and Safety Fund of North America, a labor rights group. Parsons said, “Any time you put a device on a worker, they’re very concerned about tracking, privacy, and how are you going to use this against me.” 

特拉维斯·帕森斯 (Travis Parsons) 是劳工权利组织北美劳工健康与安全基金会的成员。 帕森斯说：“任何时候你给工人戴上设备，他们都会非常担心跟踪、隐私，以及你将如何利用它来对付我。”

United Cleanup Oak Ridge is the partnership that is responsible for cleaning up the nuclear reactor in Tennessee. The company says it uses medical examinations to make work decisions. Miller, the health supervisor said the company sent a few employees to see their personal doctors who found out they had heart problems. 

United Cleanup Oak Ridge 是负责清理田纳西州核反应堆的合作伙伴。 该公司表示，它使用体检来做出工作决策。 健康主管米勒表示，公司派了几名员工去看他们的私人医生，医生发现他们患有心脏病。 

At Perrigo, safety official Rob Somers said supervisors look at information on people with several alerts and speak to them to see if there is “a reason why they’re not able to work in the environment.” 

Perrigo 的安全官员罗布·萨默斯 (Rob Somers) 表示，主管人员会查看多次发出警报的人员的信息，并与他们交谈，看看是否有“他们无法在该环境中工作的原因”。

Adam Schwartz is with the Electronic Frontiers Foundation, a civil liberties group based in San Francisco. He said the idea that companies could keep years of medical information on employees raises privacy concerns. He said the information could be used to withhold health plans or dismiss workers. 

亚当·施瓦茨 (Adam Schwartz) 就职于电子前沿基金会，这是一个总部位于旧金山的公民自由组织。 他表示，公司可以保留员工多年的医疗信息的想法引发了隐私问题。 他说，这些信息可能会被用来扣留健康计划或解雇工人。 

Schwartz said, “The device could hurt…because you could raise your hand and say, ‘I need a break,’ and the boss could say, ‘No, your heart rate is not elevated, go back to work.’” 

施瓦茨说：“该设备可能会造成伤害……因为你可以举起手说，‘我需要休息一下’，而老板可能会说，‘不，你的心率没有升高，回去工作吧。’” 

To reduce such risks, employers should permit workers to accept or reject using the devices. They could process only necessary information and delete the information in 24 hours, Schwartz said. 

为了降低此类风险，雇主应允许员工接受或拒绝使用这些设备。 施瓦茨说，他们只能处理必要的信息，并在 24 小时内删除这些信息。 

Ikusei Misaka, a professor at Tokyo’s Musashino University, raised another concern. Misaka noted that information gathered from wearing such devices could result in workers getting unwanted marketing for goods or services. 

东京武藏野大学教授御坂郁生提出了另一个担忧。 御坂指出，通过佩戴此类设备收集的信息可能会导致员工收到不必要的商品或服务营销信息。 

The fox was about the size of a German shepherd dog and lived across much of South America, only going extinct a few hundred years ago. A near-complete skeleton of the animal was found in a human grave dating back to 1,500 years ago.

这种狐狸和德国牧羊犬差不多大，曾生活在南美洲的大部分地区，直到几百年前才灭绝。考古人员在一座距今 1500 年前的人类坟墓中发现了一副近乎完整的该动物骨架。

The study, by researchers at the University of Oxford, shows the fox ate a similar diet to ancient hunter gatherers, suggesting it lived alongside them and might have been a highly valued pet or companion animal.

牛津大学的研究人员进行的这项研究表明，这种狐狸的饮食跟古代狩猎采集者的相似。这说明该动物曾跟人类一起居住，可能是一种受高度重视的宠物或伴侣动物。

There have been other finds of fox teeth in the area, which adds to the evidence that foxes were highly revered by our ancestors and may have formed a strong bond with humans long before domestic dogs came along.

在这个地区还有其它有关狐狸牙齿的考古发现，这进一步证明了狐狸在当时受到我们祖先的高度尊重与喜爱，并且可能早在家犬出现以前就已经与人类结成了牢固的纽带。

词汇表

German shepherd 德国牧羊犬
extinct 灭绝的，绝种的
dating back 追溯到，距今（时间）
hunter gatherers 狩猎采集者
highly valued 高度重视，认为非常有价值的
finds 发现，考古发现
revered 受尊重的，可敬的
ancestors 祖先
strong bond 牢固的纽带
domestic 家养的，家庭的

Imagine a future where we can tuck into meat, but no animals have been sacrificed in the process. 16% of the UK population enjoy a meat-free diet, according to statistics website Finder.com. It seems there is an appeal in lab-grown meat as an alternative to traditional meat consumption. But, despite years of anticipation, this futuristic food is still not on our plates. Why?

想象一下，未来我们可以吃肉，但在此过程中不会牺牲任何动物。 根据统计网站 Finder.com 的数据，16% 的英国人口享受无肉饮食。 实验室培育的肉类作为传统肉类消费的替代品似乎很有吸引力。 但是，尽管人们期待了多年，这种未来派食物仍然没有出现在我们的餐桌上。 为什么？

One of the biggest reasons is cost. The first ever lab-grown hamburger was unveiled in 2013 by Dutch scientist Mark Post. It was created from beef cells and cost more than $300,000. Lab-grown meat production stretches from thousands to hundreds of thousands of US dollars per ounce – that's the weight of about two chicken nuggets. This expense is partly due to the cost of raw materials that 'feed' the cells – a combination of sugar, proteins and other nutrients are added to the cells.

最大的原因之一是成本。 荷兰科学家马克·波斯特 (Mark Post) 于 2013 年推出了第一个实验室培育的汉堡包。 它是用牛肉细胞制成的，成本超过 30 万美元。 实验室培育的肉类产量从每盎司数千美元到数十万美元不等——大约相当于两个鸡块的重量。 这笔费用部分归因于“喂养”细胞的原材料成本——添加到细胞中的糖、蛋白质和其他营养物质的组合。

In 2023, US-based company Upside Foods received approval from the US Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration to start selling lab-grown meat. In order to do this, the company has had to take on significant economic losses so that they can price it fairly compared to traditional meat. An investor in Upside Food, Lisa Feria, told Forbes magazine "Profitability is very much years off because the biggest challenge ahead of them is can we make it at millions of tons a year and ultimately remotely compete with conventional meat".

2023 年，美国公司 Upside Foods 获得美国农业部和食品药品管理局的批准，开始销售实验室培育的肉类。 为了做到这一点，该公司不得不承担巨大的经济损失，以便与传统肉类相比能够公平定价。 Upside Food 的投资者丽莎·费里亚 (Lisa Feria) 告诉《福布斯》杂志，“盈利还需要很多年的时间，因为他们面临的最大挑战是我们能否每年生产数百万吨，并最终与传统肉类进行远程竞争”。

There are also environmental costs. A 2023 study by the University of California found that the process of producing lab-grown meat could have a four to 25 times higher impact on global warming than beef, which is generally the highest-polluting meat. This is mostly because of the emissions needed to create 'feed'.

还有环境成本。 加州大学 2023 年的一项研究发现，实验室培育肉类的生产过程对全球变暖的影响可能比牛肉高 4 到 25 倍，而牛肉通常是污染最严重的肉类。 这主要是因为制造“饲料”所需的排放。

So, it seems unlikely that we'll be eating lab-grown meat just yet, and we possibly never will. 

因此，我们似乎还不太可能吃实验室培育的肉，而且可能永远不会。 

词汇表

tuck into 尽情吃
meat-free 无肉的
diet （日常）饮食
lab-grown 实验室培育的
traditional 传统的
consumption 食用，消耗
plate 餐盘
hamburger 汉堡包
beef cell 牛肉细胞
production 生产
ounce （重量单位）盎司；1盎司约等于28克
chicken nugget 炸鸡肉
raw material 原材料
feed 给…提供养分
conventional 普通的
highest-polluting 最毁坏环境的

Most recent cars have an electronic key that lets the owner get into and start the car. 

最近的汽车都配有电子钥匙，可以让车主进入并启动汽车。 

The electronic key is called a “fob” to those who know about the technology. The fob sends a short-range signal to the car. As the owner gets close, the fob unlocks the door. 

对于了解该技术的人来说，电子钥匙被称为“遥控钥匙”。 遥控钥匙向汽车发送短程信号。 当主人靠近时，遥控钥匙就会打开门。 

But the new technology also makes it easier for criminals to open the car without the key. 

但新技术也让犯罪分子更容易在没有钥匙的情况下打开汽车。 

When you lock your car and take the key with you inside your home, the fob does not stop sending its signal. 

当您锁上汽车并随身携带钥匙进入家中时，遥控钥匙不会停止发送信号。 

Thieves, who have special equipment known as scanners, will pass by streets with a lot of cars. If the scanner shows that a fob is sending a signal, the thieves use a device that clones the signal and opens the car doors. 

拥有被称为扫描仪的特殊设备的窃贼会经过有很多汽车的街道。 如果扫描仪显示密钥正在发送信号，窃贼就会使用克隆信号的设备并打开车门。 

Government officials around the world have asked carmakers to warn car buyers of the risks of the new technology. They also have asked them to make the fobs more secure. 

世界各地的政府官员已要求汽车制造商警告汽车购买者新技术的风险。 他们还要求他们让密钥更加安全。 

Until then, what can you do to prevent your car from being stolen? 

在那之前，您可以采取什么措施来防止您的汽车被盗？ 

Steve Launchbury has some suggestions he shared with the Associated Press. He is the head engineer of automotive security company Thatcham Research based in Britain. 

史蒂夫·朗伯里 (Steve Launchbury) 向美联社分享了一些建议。 他是英国汽车安全公司 Thatcham Research 的首席工程师。

“It’s relatively easy for drivers to protect themselves,” he said. 

“司机保护自己相对容易，”他说。 

The first tip is to put your key into a protective container or bag when you get home. One kind is called a Faraday bag. They are not very costly. The bag is made from a special metal material called mesh that blocks the signal from the fob. Just do not forget to put any extra keys you have into that bag, too. 

第一个建议是回家后将钥匙放入保护容器或袋子中。 一种称为法拉第袋。 它们的成本不是很高。 该包由一种称为网状的特殊金属材料制成，可阻挡来自遥控钥匙的信号。 只是不要忘记将多余的钥匙也放入包中。 

Some advice that is easy to find online says people should put their keys into the microwave or freezer to prevent their signal from being stolen. Launchbury said that does not work and it could harm your key. 

一些很容易在网上找到的建议称，人们应该将钥匙放入微波炉或冰箱中，以防止信号被盗。 Launchbury 表示这不起作用，而且可能会损坏您的密钥。

You may have seen large locks that go across the steering wheel in television advertisements many years ago. It turns out they are still useful. They may be considered “old school,” but the presence of big locks that are easy to see makes car thieves turn away. The only problem is that you must take extra time to unlock the device and put it away before you can drive away. 

许多年前，您可能在电视广告中看到过横跨方向盘的大锁。 事实证明它们仍然有用。 它们可能被认为是“老派”，但很容易看到的大锁的存在让偷车贼望而却步。 唯一的问题是，你必须花费额外的时间来解锁设备并将其收起来，然后才能开车离开。

Some car makers permit owners to deactivate the signal sent out by the fob. For Ford, Honda and Audi, owners can use their car’s touchscreen system to find the correct way to turn off the signal. For Toyota, you can turn off the signal by pressing a combination of buttons on the fob. 

一些汽车制造商允许车主停用遥控钥匙发出的信号。 对于福特、本田和奥迪，车主可以使用汽车的触摸屏系统找到关闭信号的正确方法。 对于丰田，您可以通过按遥控钥匙上的按钮组合来关闭信号。

Read your car’s owner’s manual to be sure how to do this. 

请阅读您汽车的用户手册，以确定如何执行此操作。 

Some car makers include motion sensors on their key fobs. If the fob has not been moved in a while, the fob turns off. 

一些汽车制造商在其钥匙扣上安装了运动传感器。 如果密钥卡在一段时间内没有移动，密钥卡就会关闭。 

If you buy a used car, some experts suggest that you get your keys reprogrammed in case the earlier owner still has a key. 

如果您购买二手车，一些专家建议您重新编程钥匙，以防旧车主仍然拥有钥匙。

Launchbury said some cars have a new system called a controller area network, or CAN. The network permits different parts, or components, of the car to communicate with each other. He said some thieves are trying to join the CAN through some physical electronic connection to unlock the car. They can do this by removing a headlight and plugging in a device that lets them in the car’s network. 

Launchbury表示，一些汽车有一个称为控制器局域网（CAN）的新系统。 该网络允许汽车的不同部件或组件相互通信。 他说，一些窃贼试图通过一些物理电子连接加入 CAN 来解锁汽车。 他们可以通过拆下车头灯并插入一个允许他们进入汽车网络的设备来做到这一点。 

The device can send a signal, such as “unlock” or “start” to the central system. 

该设备可以向中央系统发送“解锁”或“启动”等信号。 

Launchbury said this is where the physical lock can cause thieves to change their mind and force them to move on. Owners can also consider electronic immobilizers. These devices prevent a car from moving even if a thief gets into the internal system. However, immobilizers can be costly. 

Launchbury 表示，这就是物理锁可能导致窃贼改变主意并迫使他们继续前进的地方。 车主还可以考虑电子防盗器。 即使小偷进入内部系统，这些设备也能阻止汽车移动。 然而，防盗装置的成本可能很高。 

They are six-legged, hairy home invaders that will not die, no matter how hard you try. 

它们是六足、毛茸茸的家庭入侵者，无论你多么努力，它们都不会死。 

Cockroaches are experts at surviving indoors. But they did not start out that way. 

蟑螂是室内生存的专家。 但他们一开始并不是这样的。 

A recent study uses genetics to examine cockroaches’ spread across the world, from beginnings in southeast Asia to Europe and beyond. The findings cover thousands of years of cockroach history and suggest the pests may have spread across the world by getting a ride with another species: people. 

最近的一项研究利用遗传学来研究蟑螂在世界范围内的传播情况，从最初的东南亚到欧洲及其他地区。 这些发现涵盖了蟑螂数千年的历史，并表明这种害虫可能是通过与另一个物种（人类）搭便车而传播到世界各地的。 

“It’s not just an insect story...It’s an insect and humanity story,” said Stephen Richards of Baylor College of Medicine. Richards was not involved with the study.

“这不仅仅是一个昆虫的故事......这是一个昆虫和人类的故事，”贝勒医学院的斯蒂芬·理查兹说。 理查兹没有参与这项研究。 

Researchers studied the genes of over 280 cockroaches from 17 countries and six continents. They confirmed that the German cockroach — a species found worldwide — has its beginnings in southeast Asia. The creature likely evolved from the Asian cockroach around 2,100 years ago. Scientists have long suspected the German cockroach’s Asian beginnings since similar species still live there. 

研究人员研究了来自六大洲 17 个国家的 280 多种蟑螂的基因。 他们证实德国小蠊——一种在世界范围内发现的物种——起源于东南亚。 这种生物很可能是在大约 2100 年前从亚洲蟑螂进化而来的。 科学家们长期以来一直怀疑德国小蠊起源于亚洲，因为类似的物种仍然生活在那里。

The research appeared recently in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 

这项研究最近发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。 

The cockroaches then spread around the world on two major paths. They traveled west to the Middle East about 1,200 years ago, perhaps living in soldiers’ food storage containers. And they may have gotten on Dutch and British East India Company trade ships to get to Europe about 270 years ago, the scientists’ findings suggest. 

然后蟑螂通过两条主要路径传播到世界各地。 大约 1200 年前，他们向西来到中东，可能住在士兵的食物储存容器里。 科学家的研究结果表明，他们可能在大约 270 年前搭乘荷兰和英国东印度公司的商船到达欧洲。 

Once the creatures arrived in Europe, inventions like the steam engine and indoor plumbing likely helped the insects travel further and get used to living indoors, where they are most commonly found today. 

这些生物抵达欧洲后，蒸汽机和室内管道等发明很可能帮助这些昆虫走得更远，并习惯了室内生活，而如今它们最常见的地方就是室内。 

Researchers said exploring how cockroaches conquered past environments may lead to better pest control. 

研究人员表示，探索蟑螂如何征服过去的环境可能会有助于更好地控制害虫。 

Modern-day cockroaches are tough to keep away because they evolve quickly to resist pesticides, said the study’s writer Qian Tang of Harvard University. 

该研究的作者、哈佛大学的唐钱表示，现代蟑螂很难被赶走，因为它们进化得很快，能够抵抗杀虫剂。 

Researchers in Australia recently announced the launch of a new device that, they say, absorbs water from air to produce drinkable water.

澳大利亚的研究人员最近宣布推出一种新设备，他们称该设备可以从空气中吸收水来生产饮用水。 

Researchers at the University of Newcastle call the device the Hydro Harvester. They said it can produce up to 1,000 liters of drinkable water a day, adding that it could be “lifesaving during drought or emergencies.” 

纽卡斯尔大学的研究人员将该设备称为“水力收割机”。 他们表示，它每天可以生产多达 1,000 升饮用水，并补充说，它可以“在干旱或紧急情况下挽救生命”。 

The Australian team said that unlike other atmospheric water generators, their invention works by heating air instead of cooling it. 

澳大利亚团队表示，与其他大气水发生器不同，他们的发明通过加热空气而不是冷却空气来工作。 

The device absorbs water from the atmosphere. Solar energy or heat from other industrial processes can be used to produce hot, wet air. After heating, the air cools, producing water for drinking or watering crops. 

该装置从大气中吸收水分。 太阳能或其他工业过程产生的热量可用于生产热湿空气。 加热后，空气冷却，产生用于饮用或浇灌农作物的水。 

Behdad Moghtaderi of the University of Newcastle’s Centre for Innovative Energy Technologies told VOA how the technology operates. 

纽卡斯尔大学创新能源技术中心的贝达德·莫塔德里 (Behdad Moghtaderi) 向美国之音介绍了该技术的运作方式。 

“Hydro Harvester uses an absorbing material to absorb and dissolve moisture from air. So…we use renewable energy..." Moghtaderi said. He added, "When you condense water contained in that air you would have the drinking water at your disposal.” 

“水力收割机使用吸收材料来吸收和溶解空气中的水分。 所以……我们使用可再生能源……”莫格塔德里说。他补充说，“当你冷凝空气中的水时，你就可以使用饮用水了。” 

The researchers say the device can produce enough drinking water each day for a small rural town of up to 400 people. It could also help farmers keep livestock alive during droughts.

研究人员表示，该设备每天可以为一个最多 400 人的乡村小镇生产足够的饮用水。 它还可以帮助农民在干旱期间保持牲畜的生存。 

Moghtaderi said the technology could be used in parts of the world where water is limited. 

莫格塔德里表示，这项技术可用于世界上水资源有限的地区。

Researchers thought their device would be useful because Australia’s climate is dry. 

研究人员认为他们的设备会很有用，因为澳大利亚气候干燥。 

"More than 2 billion people around the world, they are in a similar situation where they do not have access to…high-quality water and they deal with water scarcity,” Moghtaderi said 

“全世界有超过 20 亿人面临着类似的情况，他们无法获得……高质量的水，并且面临着水资源短缺的问题，”Moghtaderi 说 

Studies of the technology will be done in several Australian communities this year. 

今年将在澳大利亚的几个社区进行这项技术的研究。 

The World Economic Forum (WEF), a nonprofit group based in Switzerland, says water scarcity continues to be a problem worldwide 

总部位于瑞士的非营利组织世界经济论坛 (WEF) 表示，水资源短缺仍然是世界范围内的一个问题 

The WEF said getting water from the atmosphere is a “promising emergency solution that can immediately generate drinkable water using moisture in the air.” 

世界经济论坛表示，从大气中获取水是一种“有前景的应急解决方案，可以利用空气中的水分立即生成饮用水。” 

However, the group warns that the technology is costly. It estimates that one mid-sized device could cost between $30,000 and $50,000. 

然而，该组织警告说，该技术成本高昂。 据估计，一台中型设备的成本可能在 30,000 美元到 50,000 美元之间。 

The baobab tree is a special thing to see. During the dry season, its leafless branches look like roots coming from a thick trunk. It appears as if someone took a tree from the ground, flipped it on its head and put it back into the earth. 

猴面包树是一处特别值得一看的东西。 在旱季，它光秃秃的树枝看起来就像从粗大的树干上长出来的根。 看起来就像有人从地上取下一棵树，将其翻转，然后将其放回土中。 

That is why the tree is sometimes called the "upside down tree." 

这就是为什么这棵树有时被称为“颠倒树”。 

Baobab trees grow in Madagascar, mainland Africa and Australia. The origins and history of the baobab have been something of a mystery. But a new study that looked at all eight recognized species helps tell the baobab's story. 

猴面包树生长在马达加斯加、非洲大陆和澳大利亚。 猴面包树的起源和历史一直是个谜。 但一项针对所有八种已识别物种的新研究有助于讲述猴面包树的故事。 

The baobab originated in Madagascar about 21 million years ago. It reached the African continent and Australia sometime in the past 12 million years, researchers found. Madagascar, an island off Africa's southeastern coast, has a large ecosystem. It is home to many kinds of plants. 

猴面包树起源于大约 2100 万年前的马达加斯加。 研究人员发现，它在过去 1200 万年的某个时候到达了非洲大陆和澳大利亚。 马达加斯加是非洲东南沿海的一个岛屿，拥有庞大的生态系统。 它是多种植物的家园。 

Two baobab lineages went extinct in Madagascar. But the lineages established themselves elsewhere, one in mainland Africa and one in Australia, the study showed. 

马达加斯加的两个猴面包树谱系灭绝了。 但研究显示，这些谱系在其他地方建立起来，一个在非洲大陆，一个在澳大利亚。 

It appears that baobab seed pods floated from Madagascar to mainland Africa, located about 400 kilometers to the west. The seeds also traveled to Australia, nearly 7,000 kilometers to the east. 

看来，猴面包树的种子荚是从马达加斯加飘到了以西约 400 公里处的非洲大陆。 这些种子还到达了以东近7000公里的澳大利亚。

"The plants almost certainly got to Africa and Australia floating on or with vegetation rafts," said plant expert Tao Wan of the Wuhan Botanical Garden in China. He is one of the writers of the study, which appeared recently in the publication Nature. 

中国武汉植物园的植物专家陶万说：“这些植物几乎肯定是漂浮在植被筏上或随植筏一起到达非洲和澳大利亚的。” 他是该研究的作者之一，该研究最近发表在《自然》杂志上。

Wan added that the seeds were able to travel to Australia because of the Indian Ocean gyre, an oceanic current. 

万补充说，由于印度洋环流（一种洋流），这些种子能够传播到澳大利亚。 

Baobab trees provide food, shelter and nesting places for wildlife, including bees, birds and various mammals. Their fruits also provide important nutrients and medicines for people. Baobab leaves can be eaten, too. 

猴面包树为蜜蜂、鸟类和各种哺乳动物等野生动物提供食物、庇护所和筑巢地。 它们的果实还为人们提供重要的营养物质和药物。 猴面包树的叶子也可以吃。

The trees produce large, sweet-smelling flowers. Their sugary nectar appeals to nighttime pollinators like fruit bats and hawk moths. Their flowers also attract two kinds of primates -- lemurs in Madagascar and bush babies in Africa. 

这些树会开出大而芳香的花朵。 它们含糖的花蜜吸引了果蝠和天蛾等夜间传粉者。 它们的花还吸引了两种灵长类动物——马达加斯加的狐猴和非洲的丛林宝宝。 

Ilia Leitch is a plant geneticist at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in London. He is also a study co-writer. He said baobabs can grow to be very large and live for thousands of years. 

伊利亚·雷奇 (Ilia Leitch) 是伦敦皇家植物园邱园的植物遗传学家。 他也是一名研究合著者。 他说猴面包树可以长得很大并且可以存活数千年。 

Their very large root systems “play an important ecological role, helping to slow down soil erosion and enabling nutrient recycling,” he said. 

他说，它们非常大的根系“发挥着重要的生态作用，有助于减缓土壤侵蚀并实现养分循环利用”。 

Baobabs are a water source for local people during the dry season. But Africa's baobabs are at risk from elephant damage. The animals sometimes cut the tree trunks with their tusks to get water. 

猴面包树是当地人旱季的水源。 但非洲的猴面包树面临着大象破坏的风险。 这些动物有时会用獠牙砍断树干来取水。 

Huge teeth like daggers and positively demonic, that's how one researcher describes the giant sea lizard that lived alongside dinosaurs about 66 million years ago, just before they went extinct. 

长有匕首大小的巨大牙齿，犹如恶魔。这是一位研究人员对这种巨型海蜥蜴的描述，大约 6600 万年前，就在恐龙灭绝之前，这种海蜥蜴曾与恐龙生活在一起。

The creature was some eight metres long with powerful jaws able to swallow and rip apart even enormous prey. The lizard was the top predator of the ocean in warm seas full of food, and was an ancient relative of today's komodo dragons and anacondas. The findings are based on a skull and skeletal remains uncovered at a phosphate mine southeast of Casablanca in Morocco. 

这种巨型海蜥蜴长约八米，长有强大的颚部，能够吞下并撕裂巨大的猎物。在食物丰盈的温暖海域，它们是海洋中的顶级掠食者，也是生活在今日的科莫多巨蜥和水蚺的远古亲戚。上述发现是基于从摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡东南部磷酸盐矿区出土的一个头骨和骨骼残骸。 

词汇表

daggers 匕首
demonic 恶魔般的
extinct 灭绝
jaws 颚，鄂部
rip apart 撕裂
prey 猎物
predator 捕食者，掠食者
uncovered 被发现， 出土的

150 minutes of exercise a week: that's how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to guarantee our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health risks. 

每周锻炼 150 分钟：这是我们都应该做的量。 这是否意味着健身房是保证我们健康的最佳方式？ 也许吧，但它们并非没有健康风险。 

Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers' hygiene standards leave much to be desired. Bacteria that can cause serious illness, such as food poisoning or pneumonia, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be transferred to our clothing. 

最近的研究表明，一些健身爱好者的卫生标准还有很多不足之处。 在健身器材的表面发现了可导致食物中毒或肺炎等严重疾病的细菌。 出汗和运动引起的体温升高会帮助危险细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌可能会转移到我们的衣服上。 

It might not just be the microbes at a gym that could be toxic. Toxic gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or intimidated. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt anxious when going to the gym. 

有毒的可能不仅仅是健身房里的微生物。 有毒的健身房文化可能会让人们感到受到评判或受到恐吓。 2019 年美国的一项研究显示，超过一半的受访者在去健身房时感到焦虑。 

This feeling of being judged, and an overly competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of over-exertion, which leads to little more than muscle soreness, while the latter is more long-term and can have more serious consequences. Over-training has been linked to injuries, fatigue, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. 

这种被评判的感觉以及过度竞争的氛围可能会产生过度锻炼的压力。 克利夫兰诊所区分了过度伸手和过度训练。 第一种是单次过度劳累的结果，只会导致肌肉酸痛，而后者则是长期的，可能会产生更严重的后果。 过度训练与受伤、疲劳、食欲下降以及睡眠或体重增加问题有关。 

When exercise becomes a compulsion, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Writing for CNET, wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling guilt at missed gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. This can be linked with having a negative body image. 

当运动成为一种强迫行为时，它也会对我们的心理健康造成危险。 健康作家泰勒·利米 (Taylor Leamey) 为 CNET 撰文警告说，因错过健身课程而感到内疚或试图通过锻炼来控制身体可能表明锻炼依赖是一个问题。 这可能与负面的身体形象有关。 

Of course, we shouldn't forget that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. 

当然，我们不应该忘记，运动确实可以帮助我们的身心健康，只要我们能够与它保持健康的关系。

词汇表

health risk 健康风险，危及健康的因素
gym-goer 常去健身房锻炼的人，健身房常客
sweat 汗，汗水
judged 被评头论足
intimidated 发怵的，胆怯的
anxious 焦虑的
competitive 好竞争的
over-exercise 过度运动
overreaching （短时期内）训练过度
over-training 训练过度
muscle soreness 肌肉酸痛
injury 受伤
fatigue 疲劳
weight gain 体重增加
compulsion 强烈冲动
exercise dependency 运动依赖
negative body image 消极体象，消极地看待自己的身体

The American artificial intelligence company OpenAI has removed one of its ChatGPT voices. The move came after actor Scarlett Johansson said the voice sounded “eerily similar” to her voice in the movie Her. 

美国人工智能公司 OpenAI 已删除其 ChatGPT 语音之一。 此举是在演员斯嘉丽约翰逊表示这个声音听起来与她在电影《她》中的声音“出奇地相似”之后做出的。 

In a post Monday on the social media service X, OpenAI said it is “working to pause” Sky. That is the name of one of five voices that ChatGPT users can choose to speak with in its artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot. 

OpenAI 周一在社交媒体服务 X 上发帖称，它正在“努力暂停”Sky。 这是 ChatGPT 用户可以在其人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人中选择的五种声音之一的名称。 

In a statement, Johansson said that OpenAI CEO Sam Altman had asked her last September if she would lend her voice to the ChatGPT system. Johansson said she declined the offer.

Johansson 在一份声明中表示，OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman 去年 9 月曾询问她是否愿意为 ChatGPT 系统发声。 约翰逊表示她拒绝了这一提议。 

Johansson said, “When I heard the released demo, I was shocked, angered and in disbelief that Mr. Altman would pursue a voice that sounded so eerily similar to mine.” She added that her close friends and even the news media “could not tell the difference” between her voice and the voice of Sky. 

约翰逊说：“当我听到发布的演示时，我感到震惊、愤怒，难以置信奥特曼先生会追求一个听起来与我如此惊人相似的声音。” 她补充说，她的亲密朋友甚至新闻媒体都“无法区分”她的声音和天空电视台的声音。 

Johansson said OpenAI agreed to take down the Sky voice after her lawyers asked about the process by which the company came up with the voice. 

约翰逊表示，在她的律师询问 OpenAI 提出声音的过程后，OpenAI 同意撤下 Sky 声音。 

OpenAI said in an online post that the voice of Sky belongs to a “different professional actress.” But it added that it could not share the name of that actress for privacy reasons. 

OpenAI 在网上发帖称，Sky 的声音属于“不同的专业女演员”。 但它补充说，出于隐私原因，它不能透露该女演员的名字。 

In an email sent to The Associated Press following Johansson’s statement Monday, Altman said that OpenAI selected the voice actor behind Sky “before any outreach” to Johansson. “The voice of Sky is not Scarlett Johansson’s, and it was never intended to resemble hers,” Altman added. 

在约翰逊周一发表声明后发给美联社的一封电子邮件中，奥尔特曼表示，OpenAI 在“与约翰逊进行任何接触之前”选择了 Sky 背后的配音演员。 “天空的声音不是斯嘉丽·约翰逊的，也从来没有打算与她的声音相似，”奥特曼补充道。

OpenAI added voice capabilities to ChatGPT last September. The feature is called “Voice Mode.” It permits users to have a conversation with the AI assistant. In November, OpenAI announced that the feature would become free for all users with the mobile app. 

OpenAI 去年 9 月为 ChatGPT 添加了语音功能。 该功能称为“语音模式”。 它允许用户与人工智能助手进行对话。 11 月，OpenAI 宣布该功能将免费向所有使用移动应用程序的用户开放。 

Last week, OpenAI showed off its latest AI model, called ChatGPT-4o. The program lets users speak to the chatbot and get real-time answers. The chatbot now has emotion in its voice and even tries to understand a person’s emotional state by looking at a selfie video of their face. 

上周，OpenAI 展示了其最新的人工智能模型，名为 ChatGPT-4o。 该程序允许用户与聊天机器人对话并获得实时答案。 现在，聊天机器人的声音中充满了情感，甚至试图通过观看人脸的自拍视频来了解他们的情绪状态。 

The capabilities have brought comparisons to the 2013 movie Her. The film follows a man who falls in love with an AI assistant, which is voiced by Johansson. 

这些功能与 2013 年的电影《她》进行了比较。 这部电影讲述了一个男人爱上了由约翰逊配音的人工智能助手的故事。 

Altman appeared to make the same comparison. He wrote the word “her” on the social media service X on the day of GPT-4o’s release. 

奥特曼似乎也做出了同样的比较。 GPT-4o 发布当天，他在社交媒体服务 X 上写下了“她”这个词。

The American space travel company Blue Origin announced that it sent 90-year-old Ed Dwight into space, making him the oldest space traveler. 

美国太空旅行公司蓝色起源宣布将90岁的埃德·德怀特送入太空，使他成为最年长的太空旅行者。 

The company said Dwight was the first Black astronaut candidate and was picked personally by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. But it said Dwight was not chosen to be among the next group of astronauts. 

该公司表示，德怀特是第一位黑人宇航员候选人，于 1961 年由约翰·F·肯尼迪总统亲自挑选。但该公司表示，德怀特并未被选为下一批宇航员之一。 

Dwight spent a few minutes of weightlessness with five other passengers on the Blue Origin spacecraft. It reached the edge of space for about 10 minutes. Dwight called the flight “a life changing experience.” 

德怀特和其他五名乘客在蓝色起源飞船上度过了几分钟的失重状态。 它到达太空边缘大约10分钟。 德怀特称这次飞行是“一次改变人生的经历”。 

With the flight, Dwight passed Star Trek actor William Shatner as the oldest person to reach space. Shatner’s flight took place in 2021. 

通过这次飞行，德怀特超越了《星际迷航》演员威廉·夏特纳，成为到达太空最年长的人。 沙特纳的飞行发生在 2021 年。 

Dwight joined four businessmen from the U.S. and France. The cost of the trip for each was not released. Blue Origin said Dwight’s flight was paid for by Space for Humanity, a nonprofit group based in Denver, Colorado. The group aims to send people of many different backgrounds into space as “citizen astronauts.” 

德怀特和四位来自美国和法国的商人一起。 每人的旅行费用并未公布。 蓝色起源表示，德怀特的飞行费用是由总部位于科罗拉多州丹佛市的非营利组织“人类空间”支付的。 该组织的目标是将许多不同背景的人作为“公民宇航员”送入太空。 

Dwight was in a test pilot program at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The program called “The Right Stuff” was the training ground for early astronauts. After being passed over, he retired from the military in 1966. 

德怀特正在加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地参加试飞员计划。 这个名为“The Right Stuff”的计划是早期宇航员的训练场。 被淘汰后，他于1966年从军队退役。 

He later became a sculptor who made statues of Civil Rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr., Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman and others. 

后来他成为一名雕塑家，为马丁·路德·金、弗雷德里克·道格拉斯、哈里特·塔布曼等民权领袖制作雕像。 

The U.S. space agency NASA announced Guion Bluford as the first Black astronaut in 1978, Bluford first reached space in 1983. The former Soviet Union placed the first person with African and Cuban ancestry, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez, into orbit in 1980. 

美国宇航局于 1978 年宣布吉安·布卢福德 (Guion Bluford) 为第一位黑人宇航员，布卢福德于 1983 年首次进入太空。1980 年，前苏联将第一位具有非洲和古巴血统的人阿纳尔多·塔马约·门德斯 (Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez) 送入轨道。

The stories of Dwight and Bluford are among those told in the documentary movie from National Geographic called The Space Race. It is about Black astronauts. 

国家地理纪录片《太空竞赛》讲述了德怀特和布卢福德的故事。 这是关于黑人宇航员的。 

Dwight’s flight on May 19 was the first launch with a crew for Blue Origin in nearly two years. All flights were grounded after an accident in 2022. Flights without a crew restarted last December. Sunday’s flight was the seventh to carry space tourists. 

德怀特 5 月 19 日的飞行是蓝色起源近两年来首次载人发射。 2022 年发生事故后，所有航班均停飞。去年 12 月，没有机组人员的航班重新启动。 周日的航班是第七次搭载太空游客的航班。 

Businessman and founder of Amazon Jeff Bezos also started started Blue Origin, a company that seeks to make space tourism popular. 

商人兼亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯还创办了蓝色起源公司，该公司致力于让太空旅游变得流行。 

After completing his flight on Blue Origin’s spacecraft, Dwight said, “I thought I really didn’t need this in my life,” but added, “But now, I need it in my life…I am ecstatic.” 

在完成蓝色起源飞船的飞行后，德怀特说：“我以为我的生活中真的不需要这个，”但补充道，“但现在，我的生活中需要它......我欣喜若狂。” 

On a hot summer day, workers recently worked to remove asbestos and hazardous waste at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. It is a former nuclear center that the government wants to tear down. 

在炎热的夏日，工人们最近在田纳西州橡树岭国家实验室清除石棉和危险废物。 这是政府想要拆除的前核中心。 

The men wore full-body protective clothing and used respirators to clean the air they breathe. But the clothing does not protect them from high temperatures inside the building and inside their heavy clothing. On their arms, they wear devices that record their heart rates, movements and levels of exertion. The aim is to look for heat stress. 

这些人穿着全身防护服，并使用呼吸器来清洁呼吸的空气。 但这些衣服并不能保护他们免受建筑物内和厚重衣服内的高温影响。 他们的手臂上佩戴着记录心率、运动和运动水平的设备。 目的是寻找热应激。 

Stephanie Miller oversees safety and health for the company responsible for the cleanup. She watches a computer to observe each worker’s data looking for danger of overheating. 

斯蒂芬妮·米勒负责监督负责清理工作的公司的安全和健康。 她通过电脑观察每个工人的数据，寻找过热的危险。 

Miller said, “Heat is one of the greatest risks that we have in this work, even though we deal with high radiation, hazardous chemicals and heavy metals.” 

米勒说：“尽管我们要处理高辐射、危险化学品和重金属，但高温是我们这项工作面临的最大风险之一。”

The issue of heat in the workplace has been getting more attention since a 2021 report from the research organization Atlantic Council. The group said the United States loses an average of $100 billion each year from “heat-induced” reductions in productivity. 

自研究组织大西洋理事会 2021 年发布报告以来，工作场所的高温问题受到越来越多的关注。 该组织表示，美国每年因“高温”导致的生产力下降平均损失 1000 亿美元。 

The Environmental Protection Agency said from 1992 to 2022, 986 people died from heat-related causes in U.S. workplaces. 

美国环境保护局表示，从 1992 年到 2022 年，美国工作场所有 986 人死于与高温相关的原因。 

Employers have measured heat-related stress by checking employees’ temperatures with thermometers. More recently, firefighters and military members have swallowed thermometer capsules. 

雇主通过使用温度计检查员工的体温来测量与热相关的压力。 最近，消防员和军人吞下了温度计胶囊。 

As the world experiences record-high temperatures, employers are exploring wearable technologies, like sensors and armbands, to help keep workers safe. They collect body temperature and warn workers to take breaks when they get too hot. 

随着世界各地经历创纪录的高温，雇主正在探索传感器和臂带等可穿戴技术，以帮助确保工人的安全。 他们收集体温并警告工人在太热时休息。

Perrigo, a drug company, gave SlateSafety armbands to more than 100 employees at its baby food factory. The devices estimate the wearer’s body temperature. A reading of 101.3 results in an alert, or a warning. 

制药公司 Perrigo 为其婴儿食品工厂的 100 多名员工发放了 SlateSafety 臂章。 这些设备可以估计佩戴者的体温。 读数为 101.3 会产生警报或警告。 

The World Health Organization recently authorized a second dengue vaccine. The move could provide protection for millions of people worldwide against the mosquito-borne disease. 

世界卫生组织最近批准了第二种登革热疫苗。此举可以为全世界数百万人提供保护，使其免受蚊媒疾病的侵害。 

This year, several dengue outbreaks have happened in places across the Americas. 

今年，美洲各地爆发了多起登革热疫情。 

In a statement on May 15, the U.N. health agency said it approved the dengue vaccine made by the Japanese drugmaker Takeda. 

联合国卫生机构在5月15日的一份声明中表示，批准了日本制药商武田公司生产的登革热疫苗。 

Takeda’s dengue vaccine is known as Qdenga. It was previously approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2022. The two-dose vaccine is given three months apart. It protects against the four kinds of dengue. The WHO recommends its use in children between the ages of 6 and 16 who live in areas with high rates of dengue. 

武田的登革热疫苗被称为 Qdenga。此前该疫苗已于 2022 年获得欧洲药品管理局批准。两剂疫苗间隔三个月接种。它可以预防四种登革热。世界卫生组织建议居住在登革热高发地区的 6 至 16 岁儿童使用该药物。 

Approval by the WHO now means that donors and other U.N. agencies can purchase the vaccine for poorer countries. 

世界卫生组织的批准现在意味着捐助者和其他联合国机构可以为较贫穷的国家购买疫苗。 

Studies have shown Takeda’s vaccine is about 84 percent effective in preventing people from being hospitalized and about 61 percent effective in stopping symptoms. 

研究表明，武田的疫苗在预防人们住院方面的有效性约为 84%，在阻止症状方面的有效性约为 61%。 

WHO’s Rogerio Gaspar is director for the agency’s approvals of medicines and vaccines. He said it was “an important step in the expansion of global access to dengue vaccines.” 

世卫组织的罗杰里奥·加斯帕 (Rogerio Gaspar) 是该机构药品和疫苗审批主管。他表示，这是“扩大全球登革热疫苗获取范围的重要一步”。

The first dengue vaccine that the WHO approved was made by the drugmaker Sanofi Pasteur. The vaccine was later found to increase the risk of severe dengue in people who had not been infected with the disease before. 

世界卫生组织批准的第一种登革热疫苗是由制药商赛诺菲巴斯德生产的。后来发现该疫苗会增加以前未感染过这种疾病的人患严重登革热的风险。 

There is no exact treatment for dengue. It is a leading cause of serious illness and death in about 120 Latin American and Asian countries. About 80 percent of infections are mild. But severe cases of dengue can lead to internal bleeding, organ failure, and death. 

登革热没有确切的治疗方法。它是大约 120 个拉丁美洲和亚洲国家严重疾病和死亡的主要原因。大约 80% 的感染是轻微的。但严重的登革热病例会导致内出血、器官衰竭和死亡。 

Last week, the WHO reported there were 6.7 million suspected cases of dengue in the Americas. That is an increase of 206 percent compared with the same period last year. In March of this year, officials in Rio de Janeiro declared a public health emergency over its dengue epidemic. Brazilian health officials began giving out the Takeda vaccine with the goal of protecting at least 3 million people. 

上周，世界卫生组织报告美洲有 670 万疑似登革热病例。与去年同期相比增长了 206%。今年3月，里约热内卢官员宣布登革热疫情进入公共卫生紧急状态。巴西卫生官员开始分发武田疫苗，目标是保护至少 300 万人。 

Infectious disease experts say climate change and the increased range of mosquitoes that carry dengue are partly to blame for the spread of the disease. 

传染病专家表示，气候变化和携带登革热的蚊子数量的增加是造成这种疾病传播的部分原因。

Scientists in Thailand have released a group of endangered sea turtles in an effort to save the wild population. 

泰国科学家释放了一群濒临灭绝的海龟，以拯救野生种群。 

A total of 11 baby leatherback sea turtles were recently released into the Indian Ocean from Thailand’s vacation island of Phuket. The researchers are hoping the one-year-old turtles will get strong in the wild and return in 20 years to reproduce. 

最近，共有 11 只小棱皮龟从泰国度假岛普吉岛被释放到印度洋。研究人员希望一岁大的海龟能够在野外变得强壮，并在 20 年后返回繁殖。 

The release follows an intense conservation effort in recent years that centered on improving longtime survival rates for the sea creatures. In 2018, scientists discovered that leatherback sea turtles had returned to lay eggs in southern Thailand. 

此次释放是在近年来大力开展的保护工作之后进行的，重点是提高海洋生物的长期生存率。2018年，科学家发现棱皮海龟返回泰国南部产卵。 

Some stronger members of that group successfully entered the ocean, but others died after hatching. So, a program was launched to help the weak baby leatherbacks grow, said Pinsak Suraswadi. He is the Director-General of Thailand's Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. 

该群体中一些更强壮的成员成功进入海洋，但其他成员在孵化后死亡。平萨克·苏拉斯瓦迪 (Pinsak Suraswadi) 表示，因此启动了一项计划来帮助体弱的小棱皮龟成长。他是泰国海洋和沿海资源部部长。 

Thailand is one of five countries – including Sri Lanka and Canada – that has been able to keep leatherback turtles in good health through their first year. Usually, a leatherback will lay eggs after 20 to 25 years. 

泰国是能够让棱皮龟在第一年保持健康的五个国家之一，其中包括斯里兰卡和加拿大。通常，棱皮龟会在 20 至 25 年后产卵。

The baby sea turtles, released last month, have satellite devices attached to them to follow their progress. The release was part of an international effort by the nonprofit conservation organization Upwell Turtles. 

上个月释放的小海龟身上装有卫星设备，可以追踪它们的进展情况。这次释放是非营利保护组织 Upwell Turtles 的国际努力的一部分。

Pinsak told Reuters news agency that it is necessary for researchers to study the animals’ travel path in order "to understand where they are going.” This helps the group know which measures to launch to protect the turtles’ hatching process. 

平萨克告诉路透社，研究人员有必要研究这些动物的旅行路径，以便“了解它们要去哪里”。这有助于该小组了解采取哪些措施来保护海龟的孵化过程。 

Leatherback sea turtles are believed to have developed more than 150 million years ago. But the animals are now extremely endangered in the Pacific area. The World Wildlife Fund estimates the current population in the Pacific to be fewer than 2,300 adult females. 

据信棱皮龟是在 1.5 亿多年前就已经形成的。但这些动物现在在太平洋地区极度濒危。世界自然基金会估计太平洋地区目前的成年女性数量不足 2,300 名。 

While in the ocean, the turtles face dangers from fishing equipment, eating plastic waste and coming in contact with poisonous substances. 

在海洋中，海龟面临着捕鱼设备、吃塑料垃圾和接触有毒物质的危险。 

"I'm happy to know whether our effort in nurturing the leatherback sea turtles for a year proves fruitful or not," said Hirun Kanghae. He is with Thailand’s Phuket Marine Biological Center. 

“我很高兴知道我们一年来培育棱皮龟的努力是否取得成果，”Hirun Kanghae 说。他在泰国普吉岛海洋生物中心工作。

"If they survive it answers everything about the conservation and population restoration of the leatherback sea turtles in the best way possible," Hirun added. 

Hirun 补充道：“如果它们能够幸存下来，就能够以最好的方式解决有关棱皮海龟保护和种群恢复的所有问题。”

Mexico City’s Tacos El Califa de León recently became the first Mexican taco stand to get a Michelin star – an award presented by the famous French restaurant guide. 

墨西哥城的 Tacos El Califa de León 最近成为第一家获得米其林星级的墨西哥玉米卷摊位，该奖项由著名的法国餐厅指南颁发。 

Chef Arturo Rivera Martínez recently stood over a very hot grill when Michelin representatives came to present him with one of the company’s heavy white chef’s coats. But Rivera Martinez did not put the jacket on. 

最近，厨师阿图罗·里维拉·马丁内斯 (Arturo Rivera Martínez) 站在一个非常热的烤架上，当时米其林代表向他赠送了一件公司厚重的白色厨师外套。但里维拉·马丁内斯没有穿上夹克。 

In this very small, 3-meter by 3-meter business space, the heat makes the meat. And the heat is strong. 

在这个很小的、3米×3米的营业空间里，热气使肉质。而且热量很强。 

At El Califa de León there are only four things on the menu -- all of them tacos. The food business has been doing the same four things since opening in 1968. 

El Califa de León 的菜单上只有四道菜——全是炸玉米饼。自 1968 年开业以来，食品行业一直在做同样的四件事。

“The secret is the simplicity of our taco. It has only a tortilla, red or green sauce, and that’s it. That, and the quality of the meat,” said Rivera Martínez. He is also probably the only Michelin-starred chef who, when asked what drink should go with his food, answers “I like a Coke.” 

“秘密就在于我们的炸玉米饼的简单性。它只有一个玉米饼，红色或绿色的酱汁，仅此而已。那，还有肉的质量，”里维拉·马丁内斯说。他也可能是唯一一位当被问及他的食物应该搭配什么饮料时回答“我喜欢可乐”的米其林星级厨师。

Other than perhaps one street food stand in Bangkok, Thailand, El Califa de León is probably the smallest restaurant ever to get a Michelin star. And half of the small space is taken up by a solid steel plate grill that is hotter than the salsa. 

除了泰国曼谷的一家街头小吃摊外，El Califa de León 可能是有史以来获得米其林星级的最小餐厅。一半的小空间被一个比莎莎酱还要热的实心钢板烤架占据了。

Thousands of times a day, Rivera Martínez gets a fresh, thinly sliced piece of beef and puts it on the hot steel grill. 

里维拉·马丁内斯（Rivera Martínez）每天数千次拿到一块新鲜的切成薄片的牛肉，然后将其放在热钢烤架上。 

The heat is one of the few secrets Rivera Martínez would share. The steel grill has to be heated to 360 Celsius. 

炎热是里维拉·马丁内斯愿意分享的少数秘密之一。钢烤架必须加热到 360 摄氏度。 

Asked how it felt to get a Michelin star, he said in classic Mexico City slang, “it’s neat, it’s cool.” 

当被问及获得米其林星的感觉如何时，他用经典的墨西哥城俚语说：“这很整洁，很酷。”

The prices at his stand are quite high by Mexican standards. A single taco costs nearly $5. But many customers are sure it is the best in the city. 

按照墨西哥的标准，他摊位上的价格相当高。一个炸玉米饼的价格接近 5 美元。但许多顾客确信它是城里最好的。 

“It’s the quality of the meat,” said Alberto Muñoz, who has been coming to the place for about eight years. “I have never been disappointed. And now I’ll recommend it with even more reason, now that it has a star.” 

“这就是肉的质量，”来这个地方大约八年的阿尔贝托·穆尼奥斯 (Alberto Muñoz) 说。“我从来没有失望过。现在我会更有理由推荐它，因为它已经有了一颗星星。” 

His son, Alan, who was waiting for a beef taco alongside his father, noted “this is a historic day for Mexican cuisine, and we’re witnesses to it.” 

他的儿子艾伦正在和父亲一起等待牛肉炸玉米饼，他说：“这是墨西哥美食历史性的一天，我们是这一天的见证者。” 

It really is about not changing anything — the freshness of the tortillas, the menu, the design of the restaurant. Owner Mario Hernández Alonso will not even tell where he buys the stand’s meat. 

它实际上是不改变任何东西——玉米饼的新鲜度、菜单、餐厅的设计。店主马里奥·埃尔南德斯·阿隆索甚至不愿透露他在哪里购买摊位上的肉。

By law, following the coronavirus pandemic, Mexico City restaurants have been permitted to open up street-side seating areas. But El Califa de León does not even have a sidewalk where customers could eat because of all the street vendors. 

根据法律，在冠状病毒大流行后，墨西哥城的餐馆被允许开放街边座位区。但莱昂加州甚至没有一条可供顾客就餐的人行道，因为街头小贩林立。 

Asked if he would like them to make room for a street-side seating area, Hernández Alonso said pointing to the street vendors, “As the saying goes, why fix or change something that’s alright? You shouldn’t fix anything... It’s the way God ordered things, and you have to deal with it.” 

当被问及是否希望他们为街边休息区腾出空间时，埃尔南德斯·阿隆索指着街头小贩说：“俗话说，为什么要修理或改变一些好的东西？你不应该修复任何事情……这是上帝命令事情的方式，你必须处理它。”

The ozone layer is healing, but it'll take until about the end of the century to restore completely. In Antarctica, the ozone layer is broken down by chemical reactions in very cold, high atmospheric clouds. 

臭氧层正在 “愈合”，但大约要到本世纪末才能完全恢复到之前的水平。在南极地区上空非常寒冷的高空大气云层的作用下，臭氧层被消耗，导致 “破洞”。 

That loss of protective gas and resulting hole used to peak in September or October when plants and animals are tucked under winter snow and marine animals are protected by sea ice. But it's now lingering well into the Antarctic summer. 

保护气体的流失和由此产生的 “破洞” 曾在9月或10月期间最为严重，不过那时动植物被冬雪覆盖，海洋动物也有海冰遮盖受到保护。但现在，臭氧层出现最大面积空洞这一现象已经持续到了南极的夏季。 

Researchers say that's been driven in part by smoke from the Australian wildfires in 2019 and 2020, which were themselves fuelled by climate change. 

研究人员们说，这在一定程度上是由 2019 年和 2020 年澳大利亚野火产生的烟雾造成的，而这两场野火本身就是气候变化的产物。 

They found evidence of Antarctic plants putting more effort into synthesising protective sunscreen compounds and krill, marine crustaceans that are the foundation of the food chain in Antarctica, moving deeper into the ocean to avoid ultraviolet rays. While seals and penguins are covered by protective fur and feathers, the scientists say exposure to harmful rays could damage their eyesight. 

他们发现有证据表明，南极植物正在把更多的能量用于合成起保护作用的防晒化合物，而磷虾，即南极洲食物链基层的海洋甲壳类动物，正在向海洋深处移动，以躲避紫外线照射。虽然海豹和企鹅的身上覆盖着起保护作用的皮毛和羽毛，但科学家们表示，阳光中的紫外线可能会损害它们的视力。 

词汇表

peak 达到峰值，达到最高水平
tucked under 藏在…之下
lingering 迟迟不去的，停留
well into 直到…很久
synthesising 合成
krill 磷虾
crustaceans 甲壳动物
ultraviolet rays 紫外线

Imagine for a moment you've travelled 2,000 years into the future. Which human foods do you think would stand the test of time, and would any of it still be edible? To find out, we first need to understand what makes food go off. 

想象一下您穿越到 2000 年后的未来。您认为哪些人类食物能够经受住时间的考验，其中有哪些仍然可以食用？为了找到答案，我们首先需要了解食物变质的原因。 

Food preservation's main opponent is microbial growth. An expert in food chemistry, Michael Sulu, says most foods spoil for that reason. When things like bacteria, mould and yeast grow on your food, it can become pathogenic, and food causing disease is best avoided! So, how can we limit their growth? 

食品保鲜的主要对手是微生物的生长。食品化学专家迈克尔·苏鲁表示，大多数食物都会因为这个原因而变质。当细菌、霉菌和酵母等物质在食物上生长时，就会变得致病，最好避免食用引起疾病的食物！那么，我们怎样才能限制它们的增长呢？ 

Microbes love oxygen and water, so the key is to starve them of it. We can do this by drying, salting, chilling, or storing the food in airtight containers. According to Sulu, drying is the most effective because without water, microbes can't multiply. Freezing works in the short-term, but explorers who have found ancient frozen animals initially thought the meat looked edible, but once defrosted, it immediately became putrid, which doesn't sound at all palatable! 

微生物喜欢氧气和水，所以关键是让它们挨饿。我们可以通过干燥、腌制、冷藏或将食物储存在密封容器中来做到这一点。苏鲁表示，干燥是最有效的，因为没有水，微生物就无法繁殖。冷冻在短期内是有效的，但发现古代冷冻动物的探险家最初认为这些肉看起来可以吃，但一旦解冻，它立即变得腐烂，听起来一点也不好吃！ 

But how can we make our favourite foods longer-lasting if we don't want to dry, salt or freeze them? That's where additives and preservatives come in. These chemicals help to improve the shelf life of our supermarket items, but it means the food becomes ultra-processed. High consumption of ultra-processed food is linked to problems like depression and obesity, according to a review of the research by Pagliai and colleagues in the British Journal of Nutrition. 

但是，如果我们不想干燥、加盐或冷冻我们最喜欢的食物，如何才能让它们保存得更长久呢？这就是添加剂和防腐剂的用武之地。这些化学物质有助于延长超市商品的保质期，但这意味着食品会被过度加工。根据 Pagliai 及其同事在《英国营养学杂志》上发表的一项研究综述，大量食用超加工食品与抑郁和肥胖等问题有关。 

So, what's going to be safe for us to eat in our hypothetical time travel scenario? "I would start off with anything that is vacuum-packed or dried as well," says Sulu. If you can't find any of that, you could go to the Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, Norway, where there are almost one million samples of seeds from all over the world. They're in vaults designed to last forever, buried beneath the Arctic permafrost, so either eat the seeds, or start repopulating the plant world! 

那么，在假设的时间旅行场景中，我们吃什么是安全的呢？“我会从任何真空包装或干燥的东西开始，”苏鲁说。如果你找不到这些，你可以去挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的全球种子库，那里有来自世界各地的近一百万个种子样本。它们位于北极永久冻土层下的永久冻土库中，所以要么吃掉种子，要么开始重新繁衍植物世界！

词汇表

stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
edible 可食用的
go off （食物）变坏
food preservation 食品保存
microbial growth 微生物生长
spoil （食物）变坏，变质
bacteria 细菌
mould 霉菌
yeast 酵母菌
pathogenic 可致病的
salting 用食盐腌制
airtight 密封的
defrost 解冻
putrid 腐烂的，腐坏的
palatable 美味的，可口的
long-lasting 持久的，长期的
additives 添加剂
preservatives 防腐剂
shelf life 保质期
ultra-processed 超加工的
vacuum-packed 真空包装的
permafrost 永冻层，永久冻土

People greet each other in many ways. They might say “hello” in different languages. They might physically do something like shaking hands, giving hugs, or exchanging kisses. 

人们以多种方式互相问候。他们可能会用不同的语言说“你好”。他们可能会做一些身体上的事情，比如握手、拥抱或交换亲吻。 

Elephants seem to have many greetings too. A recent study gives new information about these greetings, including how greetings differ depending on the animals’ sex and whether they are looking at each other. 

大象似乎也有很多问候。最近的一项研究提供了有关这些问候语的新信息，包括问候语如何根据动物的性别以及它们是否互相看着对方而有所不同。 

The study was based on observations of African savannah elephants in the Jafuta Reserve in Zimbabwe. 

这项研究基于对津巴布韦贾富塔保护区的非洲草原象的观察。 

Vesta Eleuteri of the University of Vienna in Austria was the lead writer of the study that appeared recently in Communications Biology. 

奥地利维也纳大学的 Vesta Eleuteri 是最近发表在《通讯生物学》杂志上的这项研究的主要作者。 

"Elephants live in a so-called 'fission-fusion' society, where they often separate and reunite, meeting after hours, days or months apart," Eleuteri said. 

“大象生活在一个所谓的‘裂变融合’社会中，它们经常分开又团聚，相隔数小时、数天或数月后见面，”埃留特里说。 

Elephants are Earth's largest land animals. They are highly intelligent, with strong memories and problem-solving skills, and complex communication. 

大象是地球上最大的陆地动物。他们非常聪明，具有很强的记忆力和解决问题的能力，以及复杂的沟通能力。 

Female elephants of different family groups might have strong social bonds with each other, forming "bond groups." Earlier studies in the wild have reported that when these groups meet, the elephants perform special greeting ceremonies to announce and strengthen their social bonds, Eleuteri said. 

不同家族群体的雌象之间可能有很强的社会联系，形成“债券群体”。埃留特里说，早期的野外研究表明，当这些群体相遇时，大象会举行特殊的问候仪式，以宣布并加强他们的社会联系。

Male elephants have different social bonds from females. Male greetings may serve to ease possible hostility. Male elephants greet mainly by smelling each other, reaching with their trunks, Eleuteri added. 

雄性大象与雌性大象有着不同的社会纽带。男性的问候可能有助于缓解可能的敌意。埃留特里补充说，雄性大象主要通过闻对方的气味、伸出鼻子来打招呼。 

The recent study gives details on around 20 movements tied to greetings. It showed that elephants mix these movements in exact ways with sounds. The different sounds are described as rumbles, roars and trumpets. 

最近的研究详细介绍了大约 20 个与问候相关的动作。它表明大象以精确的方式将这些动作与声音结合起来。不同的声音被描述为隆隆声、咆哮声和喇叭声。 

The study also showed how smell plays an important part in greetings. Elephant greetings include behaviors unusual for humans, including releasing body waste. Elephants can also release secretions from a special gland. 

该研究还表明气味在问候中发挥着重要作用。大象的问候包括人类不寻常的行为，包括释放身体废物。大象还可以从特殊的腺体中释放分泌物。 

Elephants may greet each other by making gestures meant to be seen, like spreading their ears or showing their behinds. The creatures also use movements producing special sounds, or they may use movements that involve touching other elephants. Movements involving touching are known as tactile gestures. 

大象可能会通过做出让人看到的手势来打招呼，比如张开耳朵或露出屁股。这些生物还使用发出特殊声音的动作，或者可能使用涉及触摸其他大象的动作。涉及触摸的动作称为触觉手势。 

Eleuteri suggested that elephants appeared to know what other elephants can see. "They preferred using visual gestures when their partner was looking at them, while tactile ones when they were not," Eleuteri explained. 

埃柳特里认为，大象似乎知道其他大象能看到什么。“当伴侣看着他们时，他们更喜欢使用视觉手势，而当伴侣不看他们时，他们更喜欢使用触觉手势，”Eleuteri 解释道。 

Greeting behavior has been studied in a number of animals. 

人们对许多动物的问候行为进行了研究。 

"Many other species greet, including different primates, hyenas and dogs," Eleuteri said. 

“许多其他物种都会打招呼，包括不同的灵长类动物、鬣狗和狗，”埃留特里说。 

These animal greetings help guide social situations by reducing tension or confirming social bonds, Eleuteri added. 

埃留特里补充说，这些动物问候可以通过减少紧张或确认社会纽带来引导社交场合。 

The new research builds on earlier studies of elephant greeting behavior. The nine observed elephants - four females and five males - were "semi-captive." That means they freely moved around their natural environment during daytime and stayed in structures at night. 

这项新研究建立在早期对大象问候行为的研究基础上。观察到的九头大象——四头雌性和五头雄性——处于“半圈养”状态。这意味着它们白天在自然环境中自由活动，晚上则留在建筑物中。 

Greetings used by the female elephants closely matched the behavior of wild elephants. The greeting behavior of the male elephants appeared to be different from wild male elephants. 

雌象的问候语与野象的行为非常相似。 雄性大象的问候行为似乎与野生雄性大象不同。 

Wild male elephants are often alone, forming loose connections with other elephants. 

野生雄性大象通常独处，与其他大象形成松散的联系。 

The temporal gland is midway between the eye and the ear. That gland plays a part in elephant greeting by releasing a substance called temporin. Temporin contains chemical information about an elephant's condition. Elephants often use their trunks to touch the temporal glands of others. 

颞腺位于眼睛和耳朵之间的中间。该腺体在大象问候中发挥着重要作用，它会释放一种叫做temporin的物质。Temporin 含有有关大象状况的化学信息。大象经常用鼻子接触其他大象的颞腺。 

Eleuteri said elephant body wastes “contain chemical information important for elephants, like the identity of the individual, their reproductive state or even their emotional state." 

埃莱尤特里说，大象的排泄物“含有对大象很重要的化学信息，比如个体的身份、它们的繁殖状态，甚至它们的情绪状态。” 

"Maybe they don't need to tell each other how they're doing, as they can smell it," Eleuteri added. “

也许他们不需要告诉对方他们在做什么，因为他们可以闻到它的味道，”埃柳特里补充道。 

A miniature poodle named Sage won the top prize Tuesday night at the 148th Westminster Kennel Club dog show. 

周二晚上，一只名叫 Sage 的迷你贵宾犬在第 148 届威斯敏斯特养犬俱乐部狗展上获得了最高奖项。

That is the 11th victory for poodles at the famous dog competition in New York City – only wire fox terriers have won more times. 

这是贵宾犬在纽约市著名的狗狗比赛中第 11 次获胜，只有刚毛猎狐犬赢得的次数更多。 

Kaz Hosaka is the handler for Sage. “No words,” he said about Sage’s win and added, “So happy — exciting.” He also was the handler of Spice, when that miniature poodle won the 2002 Westminster. 

Kaz Hosaka 是 Sage 的管理员。“无话可说，”他谈到塞奇的胜利并补充道，“太高兴了——令人兴奋。” 他还是 Spice 的饲养员，当时这只迷你贵宾犬赢得了 2002 年威斯敏斯特赛冠军。 

But Hosaka said this latest victory would be his final competition after 45 years. 

但保坂表示，最新的胜利将是他 45 年后的最后一场比赛。

Hosaka said Sage “gave a great performance for me.” The black poodle won over six other dogs to take the “best in show.” Second place went to Mercedes, a German shepherd. 

保坂表示 Sage“为我带来了精彩的表演”。黑色贵宾犬击败了其他六只狗，获得了“最佳表演奖”。第二名是德国牧羊犬梅赛德斯。 

Others in the final round included Comet, a shih tzu, Monty, a giant schnauzer, Louis, an Afghan hound, Micah, a black cocker spaniel, and Frankie, a colored bull terrier. 

最后一轮的其他选手包括西施犬彗星、巨型雪纳瑞犬蒙蒂、阿富汗猎犬路易斯、黑色可卡犬迈卡和彩色斗牛梗弗兰基。 

While Sage was going around the competition ring, a protester interfered in the event. The protester carried a sign urging people to “boycott breeders” and tried to enter the ring. Security guards seized the activist. Police and the animal rights group, PETA, said three demonstrators were arrested. 

当塞奇在赛场周围走动时，一名抗议者干扰了比赛。抗议者举着敦促人们“抵制饲养员”的标语，并试图进入拳击场。保安人员抓住了这名活动人士。警方和动物权利组织 PETA 表示，三名示威者被捕。 

Rosalind Kramer, a judge at the event, called the final lineup “excellent, glorious.” Monty’s handler and co-owner, Katie Bernardin added, “just to be in the ring with everyone else is an honor.” 

赛事评委罗莎琳德·克莱默 (Rosalind Kramer) 称最终阵容“出色、光荣”。蒙蒂的经纪人兼共同所有人凯蒂·伯纳丁补充道，“能和其他人一起参加拳击比赛就是一种荣幸。”

Dogs first compete against others of their breed. Then the winner of each breed goes up against others in its “group.” The seven group winners meet in the final round. 

狗首先要与同品种的其他狗竞争。然后，每个品种的获胜者将与该“群体”中的其他品种进行竞争。七个小组的获胜者将在最后一轮相遇。 

The “best in show” winner gets a trophy and a place in dog-world history, but the prize does not include money. 

“最佳表演奖”获胜者将获得一座奖杯，并在狗界历史上占有一席之地，但奖金不包括金钱。 

Besides the winners, other dogs were also popular with the crowd. A lagotto Romagnolo named Harry made people laugh by sitting up and begging for a treat from his handler; and a vizsla named Fletcher appealed to the crowd by jumping up on its handler after finishing a turn around the ring. 

除了获胜者之外，其他狗也受到人群的欢迎。一只名叫哈利（Harry）的拉戈托·罗马尼奥洛（lagotto Romagnolo）会坐起来向它的驯养员乞求款待，这让人们开怀大笑。一只名叫弗莱彻（Fletcher）的维兹拉犬在绕圈转了一圈后，跳到驯兽师身上，吸引了观众。 

There were also some very big dogs at the event. One was Ralphie, a great Dane weighing 80 kilograms. His much smaller handler, Shane Jichetti, said it takes a lot of experience to show an animal so big. But she added, “If you have a bond with your dog, and you just go with it, it works out.” 

活动中还有一些非常大的狗。其中一个是拉尔菲，一只体重 80 公斤的大丹麦犬。他的小饲养员肖恩·吉凯蒂 (Shane Jichetti) 表示，展示这么大的动物需要丰富的经验。但她补充道，“如果你和你的狗有感情，而且你就跟着它走，那就会成功。”

The Westminster show dates to 1877 and centers on the traditional purebred judging that leads to the “best in show” prize. But over the last few years, the club has added agility and obedience events open to mixed-breed dogs. 

威斯敏斯特马赛的历史可以追溯到 1877 年，以传统的纯种马评审为中心，颁发“最佳马赛”奖项。但在过去的几年里，俱乐部增加了对混种狗开放的敏捷和服从活动。 

This year, a border collie-papillon mix named Nimble became the first non-purebred winner of the agility competition. 

今年，一只名叫“Nimble”的边境牧羊犬与蝴蝶犬的混种成为敏捷比赛中第一个非纯种的获胜者。 

Kramer, the best in show judge, made a point of thanking “every dog, whether it’s a house dog or a show dog." 

克莱默是最好的表演评委，他特别感谢“每只狗，无论是家犬还是表演犬”。 

“Because," she said, "you make our lives whole.” 

“因为，”她说，“你让我们的生活变得完整。” 

About 20 years ago, Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin wanted to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply. The two men imagined a so-called “doomsday vault” for plant seeds. (A vault is a secure storage structure.) 

大约 20 年前，卡里·福勒 (Cary Fowler) 和杰弗里·霍廷 (Geoffrey Hawtin) 希望防止饥饿并保护世界粮食供应。 两人想象了一个所谓的“末日金库”来存放植物种子。 （保险库是一种安全的存储结构。） 

Fowler and Hawtin’s goal was to keep a supply of seeds safe if existing seed banks were threatened by war, climate change, or other crises. They decided to build their storage building into the side of a mountain north of the Arctic Circle. 

福勒和霍廷的目标是在现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机威胁时确保种子供应安全。 他们决定将仓库建在北极圈以北的一座山的一侧。 

“To a lot of people today, it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do,” Fowler said from Saudi Arabia in an interview with the Associated Press. Seeds, he added, are a valuable natural resource that needs protection. 

“对于今天的很多人来说，这听起来是一件完全合理的事情，”福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美联社采访时说。 他补充说，种子是一种宝贵的自然资源，需要保护。 

But Fowler said: “Fifteen years ago, shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into (and) putting them inside a mountain…” did not sound reasonable. In his words, it was “…the craziest idea anybody ever had.” 

但福勒说：“十五年前，将大量种子运送到距离北极最近的地方，你可以飞到（并）将它们放入山中……”听起来不太合理。 用他的话说，这是“……任何人曾经有过的最疯狂的想法。”

Their idea became the Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard. The vault opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country in the world. The structure was built into the side of a mountain. It protects the seeds of over 6,000 kinds of agriculturally important plants. The Crop Trust website says: “Its purpose is to backup genebank collections to secure the foundation of our future food supply.” 

他们的想法变成了位于挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库。 该金库于 2008 年开放，目前保存着来自世界上几乎每个国家的 125 万份种子样本。 该结构建在山的一侧。 它保护 6,000 多种重要农业植物的种子。 农作物信托网站称：“其目的是备份基因库收藏，以确保我们未来粮食供应的基础。” 

Last week, Fowler and Hawtin were named the 2024 World Food Prize winners for their work. Fowler is now the U.S. special diplomat for global food security. Hawtin is an agricultural scientist from Britain. 

上周，福勒和霍廷因其工作而被评为 2024 年世界粮食奖获得者。 福勒现任美国全球粮食安全特别外交官。 霍廷是一位来自英国的农业科学家。 

They were named the winners of the yearly prize at the U.S. Department of State in Washington. Secretary of State Antony Blinken praised the men at the announcement for their “critical role in preserving crop diversity.” 

他们被华盛顿美国国务院评为年度奖获得者。 国务卿安东尼·布林肯在宣布时赞扬了这些人“在保护作物多样性方面发挥的关键作用”。

For many years, countries have created seed banks to store seeds for future use. But Fowler said he was concerned that climate change would cause disorder in agriculture. This would make the seed supply even more important. 

多年来，各国建立了种子库来储存种子以供将来使用。 但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱。 这将使种子供应变得更加重要。 

Hawtin is an executive board member at the Global Crop Diversity Trust, an international nonprofit group. He said there were a lot of threats to crops in the past, such as insects, disease, land degradation, and political unrest. He said that climate change has made these problems worse. So, he and Fowler saw a need for additional secure seed storage. 

霍廷是国际非营利组织全球作物多样性信托基金的执行董事会成员。 他说，过去农作物面临很多威胁，例如昆虫、疾病、土地退化和政治动荡。 他说，气候变化使这些问题变得更加严重。 因此，他和福勒认为需要额外安全的种子存储。 

Hawtin explained that climate change is changing pests and diseases. He added, “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been significant ones.” 

霍廷解释说，气候变化正在改变害虫和疾病。 他补充道，“气候变化给原本重大的问题带来了很多额外的问题。”   

Fowler and Hawtin said they hope winning the World Food Prize will help them raise more money for seed banks around the world. Operating them is not too costly. However, the financial support needs to continue forever. 

福勒和霍廷表示，他们希望赢得世界粮食奖将帮助他们为世界各地的种子库筹集更多资金。 运营它们的成本并不太高。 然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去。 

“This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy -- our insurance policy that we’re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said. 

霍廷说：“这确实是一个传达信息的机会，你看，这笔相对较少的钱就是我们的保险单——我们的保险单是我们将能够在 50 年内养活全世界。” 。 

Norman Borlaug established the World Food Prize. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in what is called the “Green Revolution.” That was a big effort to make crops more productive so the world’s growing population would not go hungry. 

诺曼·博洛格设立了世界粮食奖。 1970 年，他因在“绿色革命”中的贡献而获得诺贝尔和平奖。 这是为了提高农作物的产量而做出的巨大努力，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿。 

This fall, Fowler and Hawtin will accept the prize in Des Moines, Iowa, the city where the food prize foundation is based. They will also split the $500,000 award. This year’s prize will be presented at the yearly Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue. The conference will be held in Des Moines from October 29 to the 31. 

今年秋天，福勒和霍廷将在食品奖基金会所在地爱荷华州得梅因市领奖。 他们还将瓜分 50 万美元的奖金。 今年的奖项将在一年一度的诺曼·博洛格国际对话中颁发。 会议将于10月29日至31日在得梅因举行。 

The study found the Australian bushfires two years ago were so intense that smoke rose into the atmosphere, causing a complex set of chemical reactions that led to the loss of ozone in the layer that protects the Earth from damaging ultraviolet rays.

这项研究发现，两年前的澳大利亚林火非常猛烈，以至于烟雾上升到了大气层，造成一系列复杂的化学反应，导致臭氧的损失，臭氧层是大气中保护地球免受紫外线破坏的气层。

Satellite observations suggest a total ozone loss of 1% over the southern hemisphere within the month of March 2020 alone. Not insignificant, given the slow recovery of the ozone layer from damage caused decades ago.

卫星观测表明，仅在2020年3月，南半球上空就一共损失了1%的臭氧。鉴于臭氧层几十年前受到破坏后，恢复缓慢，这一数字不容忽视。

词汇表

bushfires 森林大火
complex 复杂的
ozone 臭氧
ultraviolet rays 紫外线
hemisphere （地球的）半球
insignificant 微不足道

One side of the planet probably always faces its star. Four other planets, all gas giants, are known to orbit the same star. The planet is found in our Milky Way galaxy, about 41 light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, or 9.5 trillion kilometers. 

行星的一侧可能总是面向其恒星。 已知还有另外四颗行星，都是气态巨行星，绕着同一颗恒星运行。 这颗行星位于我们的银河系中，距地球约 41 光年。 一光年是光一年传播的距离，即 9.5 万亿公里。 

The planet’s star is gravitationally tied to another star in the system. Having two stars in the same system is called a binary system. 

该行星的恒星通过引力与系统中的另一颗恒星相连。 同一系统中有两颗恒星称为双星系统。 

The other star is a red dwarf, the smallest kind of an ordinary star. The distance between these two stars is 1,000 times the distance between Earth and the sun. Light from one star takes six days to reach the other star. 

另一颗恒星是红矮星，是最小的普通恒星。 这两颗恒星之间的距离是地球与太阳之间距离的1000倍。 来自一颗恒星的光需要六天才能到达另一颗恒星。 

Although the rocky planet does appear to have an atmosphere, scientists say it probably should not even have one. Being so close to its star, any atmosphere should be taken away by the effects of the star. 

尽管这颗岩石行星似乎确实有大气层，但科学家表示它可能根本不应该有大气层。 由于距离恒星如此之近，任何大气层都会受到恒星的影响而消失。 

But gases dissolved in the planet’s large ocean of molten rock may continue to fill up the atmosphere, Hu said. 

但胡说，溶解在地球上巨大的熔岩海洋中的气体可能会继续充满大气层。 

“The planet cannot be habitable,” Hu added. That is because it is too hot to have liquid water, which is also considered necessary for life. 

“这个星球不适合居住，”胡补充道。 这是因为太热了，无法拥有液态水，而液态水也被认为是生命所必需的。 

Scientists have found other planets with an atmosphere outside our solar system. But they have all been gaseous planets, not rocky ones. 

科学家们在太阳系之外发现了其他拥有大气层的行星。 但它们都是气态行星，而不是岩石行星。 

As the James Webb telescope pushes the limits of space exploration, the discovery of a rocky planet with an atmosphere is a sign of progress. 

随着詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜突破了太空探索的极限，发现具有大气层的岩石行星是进步的标志。 

On Earth, the atmosphere warms the planet. It contains the oxygen people breathe and protects against the effects of the sun. It also creates the pressure needed for liquid water to remain on the planet’s surface. 

在地球上，大气层使地球变暖。 它含有人们呼吸的氧气并防止阳光的影响。 它还产生液态水留在地球表面所需的压力。 

Brice-Olivier Demory is a scientist at Switzerland’s University of Bern’s Center for Space and Habitability. He helped write the new study. He said, “On Earth, atmosphere is key for life.” He added that the findings create hope that the Webb telescope may one day find cooler planets that could support liquid water on their surface. 

布里斯-奥利维耶·德莫里 (Brice-Olivier Demory) 是瑞士伯尔尼大学空间与宜居中心的科学家。 他帮助撰写了这项新研究。 他说：“在地球上，大气是生命的关键。” 他补充说，这些发现带来了希望，韦伯望远镜有一天可能会发现能够在其表面支持液态水的较冷行星。 

“But,” he said, “we are not there yet.” 

“但是，”他说，“我们还没有到那一步。” 

Miners in Botswana recently unearthed what officials say is the second largest diamond in mining history. The country’s president Mokgweetsi Masisi presented the large stone to the public at a ceremony last week. 

博茨瓦纳的矿工最近挖掘出了官方所说的采矿史上第二大钻石。该国总统莫克维齐·马西西 (Mokgweetsi Masisi) 在上周的仪式上向公众赠送了这块大石头。 

The 2,492-carat gem is the biggest diamond to be discovered since 1905. The diamond weighs around a half-kilogram. Masisi was one of the first people to get to hold it. 

这颗宝石重 2,492 克拉，是自 1905 年以来发现的最大钻石。钻石重约 0.5 公斤。马西西是最早持有它的人之一。 

He expressed surprise at the diamond’s heaviness and told the gathering, “I am lucky to have seen it in my time." 

他对这颗钻石的重量表示惊讶，并告诉与会者，“我很幸运能够在我那个时代看到它。

”Lucara Diamond, a Canadian mining company, found the stone. Company officials said it was too early to value the gem or decide how it would be sold. A smaller uncut diamond from the same mine in Botswana sold for a record $63 million in 2016. 

加拿大矿业公司卢卡拉钻石公司发现了这块石头。公司官员表示，现在对这颗宝石进行估值或决定如何出售还为时过早。2016 年，博茨瓦纳同一矿场出产的一颗较小的未切割钻石以 6,300 万美元的创纪录价格售出。 

Naseem Lahri is a director with Lucara’s Botswana team. “This is history in the making,” she said of the new find. “I am very proud. It is a product of Botswana.” 

Naseem Lahri 是 Lucara 博茨瓦纳团队的总监。“这是正在创造的历史，”她谈到这一新发现时说道。“我非常自豪。它是博茨瓦纳的产品。” 

Lucara said in a statement last week that the company recovered what it called an “exceptional” diamond from Karowe Mine in central Botswana. Company miners used X-ray technology that is designed to find large, high-value diamonds. 

卢卡拉上周在一份声明中表示，该公司从博茨瓦纳中部的卡罗韦矿回收了一颗所谓的“特殊”钻石。公司矿工使用 X 射线技术来寻找大型、高价值的钻石。 

“We are ecstatic about the recovery of this extraordinary 2,492-carat diamond,” Lucara President and chief William Lamb said in a statement. 

“我们对这颗 2,492 克拉非凡钻石的发现感到欣喜若狂，”卢卡拉总裁兼首席执行官 William Lamb 在一份声明中表示。 

The weight would make it the largest diamond found in 119 years. 

这个重量使其成为 119 年来发现的最大钻石。 

It also is the second-largest diamond ever mined, after the Cullinan Diamond. That 3,106-carat stone was unearthed in South Africa in 1905. The Cullinan was the source of several famous cut gems, including some among the British Crown Jewels. 

它也是有史以来开采的第二大钻石，仅次于库里南钻石。这颗 3,106 克拉的宝石于 1905 年在南非出土。库里南是多种著名切磨宝石的产地，其中包括一些英国皇冠宝石。 

Botswana, a country of 2.6 million people in southern Africa, is the second-biggest producer of natural diamonds behind Russia. 

博茨瓦纳是南部非洲拥有 260 万人口的国家，是仅次于俄罗斯的第二大天然钻石生产国。 

The Karowe Mine has produced four other diamonds over 1,000 carats in the last decade. 

在过去十年中，Karowe 矿还生产了另外四颗超过 1,000 克拉的钻石。

Before this discovery, the Sewelo diamond, which was found at the Karowe Mine in 2019, was recognized as the second-biggest mined diamond in the world at 1,758 carats. French fashion business Louis Vuitton bought the diamond. The sale price was not publicized. 

在此发现之前，2019 年在 Karowe 矿发现的 Sewelo 钻石被认为是世界第二大开采钻石，重 1,758 克拉。法国时装公司路易威登购买了这颗钻石。销售价格并未公布。 

A British jeweler bought the 1,111-carat Lesedi La Rona diamond, also from Botswana’s Karowe Mine, for $53 million in 2017. A Karowe diamond named The Constellation is the holder of the record $63 million sales price. 

2017 年，一家英国珠宝商以 5,300 万美元的价格购买了同样来自博茨瓦纳 Karowe 矿的 1,111 克拉 Lesedi La Rona 钻石。一颗名为 The Constellation 的 Karowe 钻石创下了 6300 万美元的销售价格记录。 

Diamonds form when carbon atoms are pushed close together by intense pressure conditions deep underground. Scientists say most diamonds are at least a billion years old and some of them more than 3 billion years old. 

当碳原子在地下深处的高压条件下被挤在一起时，就会形成钻石。科学家表示，大多数钻石的年龄至少有 10 亿年，其中一些钻石的年龄超过 30 亿年。 

Astronomers have searched for years for rocky planets outside our solar system. They have finally found one with an atmosphere. 

天文学家多年来一直在太阳系外寻找岩石行星。 他们终于找到了一个有气氛的人。

Scientists believe that a rocky planet with an atmosphere is key to sustaining life. But the planet that astronomers found offers no hope for life. Its surface is made up of molten rock. 

科学家认为，具有大气层的岩石行星是维持生命的关键。 但天文学家发现的这颗行星没有生命存在的希望。 它的表面由熔岩组成。 

Researchers recently called the planet a “super-Earth.” It is a rocky world much larger than our planet but smaller than the gas giant in our solar system, Neptune. 

研究人员最近称这颗行星为“超级地球”。 这是一个岩石世界，比我们的星球大得多，但比太阳系中的气态巨行星海王星小。 

The planet orbits extremely close to its star. The star is less bright and smaller than our own. 

这颗行星的轨道非常靠近其恒星。 这颗恒星比我们的恒星更暗、更小。 

Observations using two devices aboard the James Webb Space Telescope suggest there is an atmosphere. But the atmosphere may not be able to support life. It could be continuously filled up by gases that large areas of molten rock release. 

使用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜上的两个设备进行的观测表明存在大气层。 但大气层可能无法维持生命。 它可以不断地被大面积熔岩释放的气体充满。 

Renyu Hu is a planetary scientist with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology. He was the lead writer of the study, which appeared recently in the publication Nature. 

胡仁宇是美国宇航局喷气推进实验室和加州理工学院的行星科学家。 他是这项研究的主要作者，该研究最近发表在《自然》杂志上。 

Hu said, “The atmosphere is likely rich in carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, but can also have other gases such as water vapor and sulfur dioxide.” He added that current observations cannot tell what the exact atmospheric makeup is. 

胡说：“大气中可能富含二氧化碳或一氧化碳，但也可能含有其他气体，例如水蒸气和二氧化硫。” 他补充说，目前的观测无法告诉我们确切的大气成分是什么。 

The Webb data also did not make clear the thickness of the atmosphere. Hu said it could be as thick as Earth’s or even thicker than that of Venus. Venus has a toxic atmosphere that is the densest in our solar system. 

韦伯数据也没有明确大气层的厚度。 胡说，它的厚度可能与地球一样厚，甚至比金星还要厚。 金星的有毒大气层是太阳系中最稠密的。 

The planet is called 55 Cancri e. Scientists also call it Janssen. It is about 8.8 times more massive than Earth and about two times as wide. 

这颗行星被称为 55 Cancri e。 科学家也称其为詹森。 它的质量约为地球的 8.8 倍，宽度约为地球的两倍。 

It orbits its star at one-25th the distance between our solar system’s innermost planet Mercury and the sun. As a result, its surface temperature is about 1,725 degrees Celsius. 

它绕恒星运行的距离是太阳系最内层行星水星与太阳之间距离的二十五分之一。 因此，其表面温度约为1725摄氏度。 

A Japanese town hopes to keep out crowds of visitors by building a large barrier to block views of the country’s tallest mountain, Mount Fuji. 

日本的一个小镇希望通过建造一个巨大的屏障来阻挡大批游客，以阻挡该国最高峰富士山的景色。 

The town is called Fujikawaguchiko. It sits on Japan’s main island of Honshu, southwest of Tokyo. The community is known for having good spots for taking pictures of Mount Fuji. 

这个小镇叫做富士河口湖。 它位于东京西南部的日本主岛本州岛。 该社区以拍摄富士山的好地点而闻名。 

But some locals and business owners feel there are too many misbehaving tourists. In an effort to reduce the number of visitors, city workers have started building a large black screen to block views of Mount Fuji. 

但一些当地人和企业主认为，行为不端的游客太多了。 为了减少游客数量，城市工作人员开始建造一个巨大的黑屏来遮挡富士山的景色。 

Michie Motomochi owns a restaurant that serves Japanese sweets near the soon-to-be-blocked photo spot. She told The Associated Press that while she welcomes visitors to the area, “there are many things about their manners that are worrying.”

Michie Motomochi 在即将被封锁的拍照点附近拥有一家供应日式甜点的餐厅。 她告诉美联社，虽然她欢迎游客来到该地区，但“他们的举止有很多令人担忧的地方。”

Motomochi said she has seen visitors crossing the road in busy traffic, leaving waste on streets, ignoring stop lights and trespassing onto private property. 

元持说，她看到游客在繁忙的交通中过马路，在街道上留下垃圾，无视红绿灯，并侵入私人财产。 

She noted, however, that about 80 percent of her business is driven by foreign visitors. Tourist numbers have been rising in Japan since restrictions were lifted after the COVID-19 pandemic. 

然而她指出，她约 80% 的业务是由外国游客推动的。 自 COVID-19 大流行后取消限制以来，日本的游客人数一直在增加。

Motomochi said her neighborhood suddenly became a popular spot for visitors about two years ago. That is when a photo taken in the area went viral on the internet. The photo showed Mount Fuji in the background. But it appeared as though the mountain was sitting on top of a local store called Lawson. 

本持说，大约两年前，她的社区突然成为游客的热门景点。 就在那时，一张在该地区拍摄的照片在互联网上疯传。 照片的背景是富士山。 但这座山似乎坐落在当地一家名为劳森的商店的顶部。 

Town officials say the photo was widely shared on social media and became known online as “Mt. Fuji Lawson.” Since then, foreign tourists have crowded the neighborhood. 

镇官员表示，这张照片在社交媒体上广泛传播，并在网上被称为“山”。 富士劳森。” 从那时起，外国游客就挤满了附近。

The town has tried other methods to limit bad behaviors by tourists. The town put up signs in several languages urging visitors not to run into the road. It has provided information about crosswalks. And it even hired security guards 

该镇尝试了其他方法来限制游客的不良行为。 镇上竖起了多种语言的标牌，敦促游客不要跑到马路上。 它提供了有关人行横道的信息。 甚至还聘请了保安 

The black screen is expected to be completed in the middle of May. It will stand 2.5 meters high and 20 meters long. Officials say the barrier will almost completely block the view of Mount Fuji. 

黑屏预计5月中旬完成。 它将高 2.5 米，长 20 米。 官员称，该屏障将几乎完全挡住富士山的视线。 

French tourist Anthony Hok told the AP he thinks the screen was an overreaction by city officials. He said the solution seemed “too big” for the problem the town was facing. The 26-year-old visitor suggested setting up road barriers for safety instead of blocking views for pictures. 

法国游客安东尼·霍克告诉美联社，他认为该屏幕是市政府官员反应过度。 他说，这个解决方案对于该镇面临的问题来说似乎“太大了”。 这位26岁的游客建议为了安全而设置路障，而不是挡住拍照的视线。

But Helen Pull, a 34-year-old visitor from Britain, said she understood the local concerns. She said she had seen tourism “really ramped up” in the country. “I can see why people who live and work here might want to do something about that," Pull added. 

但来自英国的 34 岁游客海伦·普尔 (Helen Pull) 表示，她理解当地人的担忧。 她说她看到该国的旅游业“真正蓬勃发展”。 “我可以理解为什么在这里生活和工作的人们可能想为此做点什么，”拉补充道。 

Yoshihiko Ogawa runs an old rice shop in the Fujikawaguchiko area. He said overcrowding there had worsened in recent months, with tourists gathering from around 4 or 5 in the morning and talking loudly. Ogawa said crowds in the area also sometimes block his car. 

小川义彦在富士河口湖地区经营一家老米店。 他说，近几个月来，那里的拥挤状况进一步恶化，游客从凌晨四五点左右就开始聚集并大声交谈。 小川说，该地区的人群有时也会堵塞他的车。 

“We’ve never thought we'd face a situation like this,” Ogawa told the AP. But he added that he was unsure what the right solution might be. “I suppose we all just need to get used to it,” he said. 

“我们从未想过会面临这样的情况，”小川告诉美联社。 但他补充说，他不确定正确的解决方案是什么。 “我想我们都需要习惯它，”他说。

An American country music star has used artificial intelligence to make music again, years after suffering a stroke. 

一位美国乡村音乐明星在中风多年后再次使用人工智能创作音乐。 

Randy Travis is 65 years old. He was a popular country music performer in the 1980s and 1990s and won several Grammy awards during his career. But in 2013, he went to the hospital with a heart problem and later had a stroke. The stroke made it hard for Travis to speak. He has not made music since his stroke – until now. 

兰迪·特拉维斯今年 65 岁。 他是20世纪80年代和90年代流行的乡村音乐表演者，在他的职业生涯中多次获得格莱美奖。 但2013年，他因心脏病入院，后来中风。 中风使特拉维斯说话变得困难。 自从中风以来，他一直没有创作音乐，直到现在。 

On May 3, Travis released a new song with the help of artificial intelligence, or AI. It is called Where That Came From. Nashville, Tennessee songwriters Scotty Emerick and John Scott Sherrill wrote the song. 

5月3日，Travis 在人工智能（AI）的帮助下发布了一首新歌。 它的名字叫《从哪里来》。 田纳西州纳什维尔的词曲作者斯科蒂·埃默里克和约翰·斯科特·谢里尔创作了这首歌。 

Cris Lacy is co-president of Warner Music Nashville, the company that produces Travis’ music. Lacy said she contacted Travis’ wife Mary and asked “What if we could take Randy’s voice and recreate it using AI?” 

克里斯·莱西 (Cris Lacy) 是纳什维尔华纳音乐公司 (Warner Music Nashville) 的联合总裁，该公司为特拉维斯 (Travis) 制作音乐。 莱西说，她联系了特拉维斯的妻子玛丽并询问“如果我们可以采用兰迪的声音并使用人工智能重新创建它怎么办？” 

“We were all over that, so we were so excited,” Mary Travis said about the chance to hear her husband’s voice in a new song. “All I ever wanted since the day of the stroke was to hear that voice again.” 

“我们都沉浸在这一切之中，所以我们非常兴奋，”玛丽·特拉维斯谈到有机会在一首新歌中听到她丈夫的声音时说道。 “自从中风那天起，我唯一想要的就是再次听到那个声音。” 

Lacy talked with computer programmers in London about making an AI system that could recreate Travis’ voice. They produced two models. One model used 12 vocal samples from Travis’ career and the other used 42 samples. There was a lot of material to work with; the singer’s first big record, Storms of Life, came out in 1985. 

莱西与伦敦的计算机程序员讨论了如何制作一个可以重现特拉维斯声音的人工智能系统。 他们生产了两种型号。 一个模型使用了 Travis 职业生涯中的 12 个声音样本，另一个模型使用了 42 个样本。 有很多材料可供使用； 这位歌手的第一张大唱片《Storms of Life》于 1985 年发行。

Travis’ long-time music producer is Kyle Lehning. He said Where That Came From was a song that fit Travis’ way of singing. When Travis was at the top of his career, he was known for a more traditional kind of country music. It was a contrast to the pop-country songs that were popular in the late 1980s. 

特拉维斯的长期音乐制作人是凯尔·莱宁。 他说《Where That Came From》是一首适合特拉维斯演唱方式的歌曲。 当特拉维斯（Travis）处于职业生涯的巅峰时，他以更传统的乡村音乐而闻名。 这与 20 世纪 80 年代末流行的流行乡村歌曲形成鲜明对比。 

Lehning talked about the process of making the song. First, another singer recorded the song in what is known as a “demo.” Then the AI system analyzed the song and applied Travis’ voice to it. 

莱宁谈到了这首歌的制作过程。 首先，另一位歌手以所谓的“演示”形式录制了这首歌。 然后人工智能系统分析了这首歌并将特拉维斯的声音应用到其中。 

“I really wish somebody had been here with a camera,” Lehning said about the experience of watching the computer apply Travis’ voice to the song. “And it was stunning, to me, how good it was … right off the bat.” 

“我真的希望有人带着相机来到这里，”莱宁谈到观看电脑将特拉维斯的声音应用到歌曲中的经历时说道。 “对我来说，这真是太棒了……立刻就变得多么好。”

Lehning said some parts of the sound created by the computer were “not authentic to Randy’s performance.” Lehning worked with Casey Wood, a recording engineer who knew Travis well, to get it right. 

莱宁表示，计算机产生的声音的某些部分“与兰迪的表演并不真实”。 莱宁与熟悉特拉维斯的录音工程师凯西·伍德合作，以确保其正确。 

The two music professionals used sound parts from both vocal models. They made changes to the speed of some of the sounds. Lehning said Travis is “a laid-back singer,” so they had to slow down some parts. They wanted to keep an “old soul quality” in Travis’ voice. 

两位音乐专业人士使用了两位声乐模型的声音部分。 他们改变了一些声音的速度。 莱宁说特拉维斯是“一位悠闲的歌手”，所以他们不得不放慢一些部分的速度。 他们希望特拉维斯的声音保持“古老的灵魂品质”。 

Lehning said they were able to improve on the AI version. And Mary Travis said the final version of her husband’s song is much different than what happens when a computer programmer uses AI to create something without permission. 

Lehning 表示他们能够改进人工智能版本。 玛丽·特拉维斯 (Mary Travis) 表示，她丈夫歌曲的最终版本与计算机程序员未经许可使用人工智能创建某些东西时发生的情况有很大不同。 

She called the producers’ and engineers’ work on the project “the human element.” 

她将该项目的制作人和工程师的工作称为“人的因素”。 

She added that her husband had a thoughtful look on his face when he first heard the song. “I think he went through every emotion there was in those three minutes of just hearing his voice again,” Mary Travis said. 

她补充说，当她丈夫第一次听到这首歌时，脸上露出若有所思的表情。 “我认为，在再次听到他的声音的那三分钟里，他经历了所有的情绪，”玛丽·特拉维斯说。

Venice is a fragile jewel faced with rising sea levels from climate change and mass tourism. Of the estimated 30 million visitors a year, around two thirds are day trippers, placing sites under huge strain. 

威尼斯就像一颗脆弱的宝石，一方面面临着气候变化导致海平面上升的威胁，同时也需要应对大量游客带来的挑战。每年约有3000万名游客访问威尼斯，约三分之二是当天往返的一日游游客，这给威尼斯带来了游客大批涌入的巨大压力。 

词汇表

fragile 脆弱的
jewel 宝石，比喻威尼斯 “精美绝伦，独一无二”
mass tourism （尤指游客数量多的）大众旅游
day trippers 一日游游客
trial scheme 试行方案
discourage 阻止，为…设置障碍
descending 涌入
critics 批评者，反对者
minimal cost 极低的费用
fundamental problems 根本问题
overtourism “过度旅游”，指游客数量过多

Now they'll have to pay €5 to enter the city in a trial scheme in place on specific days over the next few months. The aim, say the authorities, is to discourage crowds descending at certain times, adding that the plan, the first such one in the world, could be extended in duration and price. Critics say the ticket is a minimal cost that will not address Venice's fundamental problems. 

现在一项试行方案规定，在未来几个月的特定旅游高峰日，一日游游客们必须支付5欧元才能进城观光。威尼斯官方表示，这样做的目的是阻止人群在特定日子大批涌入威尼斯，并补充说，作为世界上首个推行 “进城费” 的方案，试行收费的时间可能会延长，价格也可能会上调。反对 “进城费” 方案的人说，收费很低，无法解决威尼斯面临的根本问题。 

Other cities facing similar overtourism challenges will be watching closely to see if it works. 

其它面临类似客流量过大问题的城市将密切关注该试行方案，看它是否奏效。

Dogs are in high demand as pets. In fact, 36% of households in the UK own one, according to the UK Pet Food survey 2024. Our canine pals can be cute, cuddly and loyal friends. But, for many owners, dogs are much more than this – they are a lifeline. 

狗作为宠物的需求量很大。 事实上，根据 2024 年英国宠物食品调查，36% 的英国家庭拥有一只狗狗。我们的狗狗朋友可以是可爱、惹人喜爱且忠诚的朋友。 但是，对于许多主人来说，狗的意义远不止于此——它们是生命线。 

Assistance dogs provide essential support, increased independence and companionship for disabled people and people with medical conditions – they have even saved lives. There are many different types of assistance dogs out there, from hearing dogs to autism dogs to guide dogs. But what makes the perfect assistance dog? 

协助犬为残疾人和患有疾病的人提供必要的支持、增强的独立性和陪伴——它们甚至拯救了生命。 那里有许多不同类型的辅助犬，从助听犬到自闭症犬再到导盲犬。 但什么才是完美的协助犬呢？ 

Common assistance dog breeds are Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and German shepherds. The most common guide dog in the UK is the golden retriever-Labrador cross, which, according to the Guide Dogs National Centre, has a 'combination of desirable traits'. Guide dogs need to be able to lead a blind or visually impaired person outside and inside, while avoiding distractions and recognising and avoiding obstacles such as changes in elevation, like tree roots, curbs and stairs. With that in mind, training puppies is essential. 

常见的辅助犬品种有拉布拉多犬、金毛猎犬和德国牧羊犬。 英国最常见的导盲犬是金毛猎犬和拉布拉多杂交犬，根据国家导盲犬中心的说法，它具有“理想特征的组合”。 导盲犬需要能够在室外和室内引导盲人或视障人士，同时避免分心，识别和避开障碍物，例如海拔变化，如树根、路缘和楼梯。 考虑到这一点，训练小狗是至关重要的。 

The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association trains puppies using positive reinforcement, rewarding good behaviour with food, praise and affection. When it comes to hearing dogs, a very important part of their training is sound awareness – alerting their deaf partner to sounds they would otherwise miss, for example a smoke alarm, an alarm clock or a crying baby. Katie Grundy, a puppy trainer at the charity Hearing Dogs for Deaf People, teaches puppies targeting, a technique where the dogs touch a target, like a hand, with their nose for a treat. This teaches hearing dogs how to notify their partner when a sound goes off. 

盲人导盲犬协会使用积极强化的方式训练小狗，通过食物、赞美和关爱来奖励良好的行为。 对于听力狗来说，训练的一个非常重要的部分是声音意识——提醒聋哑伙伴注意他们可能会错过的声音，例如烟雾报警器、闹钟或哭闹的婴儿。 凯蒂·格伦迪（Katie Grundy）是慈善机构“聋人助听犬”的小狗训练师，她教小狗瞄准目标，这是一种狗用鼻子触摸目标（例如手）的技巧。 这教会听力狗如何在声音响起时通知其伴侣。 

At the end of training, not all pups qualify, but they are put up for adoption and, of course, make excellent lovable pets. 

训练结束时，并非所有幼犬都符合资格，但它们会被收养，当然，它们会成为优秀的可爱宠物。 

词汇表

lifeline 生命线
assistance dog 协助犬
independence 独立
companionship 陪伴，友谊
disabled 残疾的
medical condition 疾病
save lives 救命
hearing dog 助听犬
autism dog 协助自闭症人士的服务犬
guide dog 导盲犬
lead 引导
blind 失明的
visually impaired 视力受损的
obstacle 障碍
puppy 小狗
positive reinforcement 正向强化（奖励或积极回应良好行为的训练方法）
sound awareness 声音感知
alert 提示，提醒
deaf 失聪的，听不见的
targeting （动物）通过碰触特定目标物得到奖励
treat 奖励或训练狗的食物，零食

American pop music star Madonna performed before an estimated 1.6 million people on Saturday at Brazil’s famous Copacabana Beach. 

周六，美国流行音乐明星麦当娜在巴西著名的科帕卡巴纳海滩向估计 160 万人表演。 

The outdoor show in Rio de Janeiro was free to attend. 

里约热内卢的户外表演免费参加。 

The fans turned a long stretch of the coast into a huge dance floor for the last show of Madonna’s Celebration Tour. The series began last October in London. 

歌迷们把一段长长的海岸变成了一个巨大的舞池，为麦当娜庆祝巡演的最后一场演出。 该系列于去年十月在伦敦开始。

The so-called “Queen of Pop” began Saturday’s show with her 1998 song Nothing Really Matters. Huge cheers rose from the crowd pressed up against the barriers. Other attendees held parties in houses and hotels overlooking the beach. Helicopters and drones flew overhead, and boats floated on the water nearby. 

这位所谓的“流行天后”以她 1998 年的歌曲《Nothing Real Matters》拉开了周六的演出的序幕。 挤在护栏上的人群中爆发出巨大的欢呼声。 其他与会者在俯瞰海滩的房屋和酒店举行聚会。 直升机和无人机在头顶飞过，船只漂浮在附近的水面上。 

“Here we are in the most beautiful place in the world,” the 65-year-old Madonna told the crowd. Pointing out the ocean, the mountains and the Christ the Redeemer statue overlooking the city, she added: “This place is magic.” 

“我们现在身处世界上最美丽的地方，”65 岁的麦当娜对人群说道。 她指着海洋、山脉和俯瞰城市的基督救世主雕像补充道：“这个地方很神奇。”

Madonna performed her popular songs, including Like A Virgin and Hung Up. For the introduction to another, Like A Prayer, Madonna covered her head in black cloth and held a rosary. 

麦当娜表演了她的流行歌曲，包括《Like A Virgin》和《Hung Up》。 在另一首歌曲《Like A Prayer》的介绍中，麦当娜用黑布遮住头，并手持一串念珠。 

The star honored those who died of AIDS with the song Live to Tell. Large black and white images of the disease’s victims appeared behind her as she sang. Later, she was joined on stage by Brazilian artists Anitta and Pabllo Vittar. 

这位明星用歌曲《Live to Tell》向死于艾滋病的人们致敬。 当她唱歌时，该疾病受害者的大幅黑白图像出现在她身后。 随后，巴西艺术家 Anitta 和 Pabllo Vittar 也与她一起登上舞台。 

Rio city officials estimated that 1.6 million people attended the show. Madonna’s official website called the show the biggest ever in her 40-year career. 

里约市官员估计有 160 万人观看了演出。 麦当娜的官方网站称这场演出是她40年职业生涯中规模最大的一次。 

“Since Madonna arrived here, I’ve been coming every day with this outfit to welcome my idol, my diva, my pop queen,” said 69-year-old retiree Rosemary de Oliveira Bohrer. She wore a gold-colored top and a black cap in a style that Madonna made popular. 

“自从麦当娜来到这里以来，我每天都穿着这套衣服来欢迎我的偶像、我的天后、我的流行天后，”69 岁的退休人员罗斯玛丽·德奥利维拉·博雷尔 (Rosemary de Oliveira Bohrer) 说道。 她穿着金色上衣和黑色帽子，这种风格是麦当娜流行的。 

Eighteen sound towers were spread along the beach to ensure that all attendees could hear the performance. 

沿着海滩分布着十八座音塔，以确保所有参加者都能听到表演。

Fan Alessandro Augusto flew about 2,500 kilometers, from Brazil’s Ceara state to Rio, to attend the show. Augusto said, “It’s a unique opportunity to see Madonna, who knows if she’ll ever come back.”

范·亚历山德罗·奥古斯托 (Alessandro Augusto) 从巴西塞阿拉州飞往里约，飞行约 2500 公里来参加演出。 奥古斯托说：“这是一个见到麦当娜的独特机会，她知道她是否会回来。” 

“Welcome Queen!” a drink company announced with advertising around the city. Bars and restaurants prepared special alcoholic drinks named after Madonna songs. A shop known for selling Carnival clothing temporarily became a “Madonna” clothing store. 

“欢迎女王陛下！” 一家饮料公司宣布在城市各处做广告。 酒吧和餐馆准备了以麦当娜歌曲命名的特殊酒精饮料。 一家以销售嘉年华服装而闻名的商店暂时变成了“麦当娜”服装店。

Several huge concerts have taken place on Copacabana beach before, including musician Rod Stewart’s 1994 show. It took place on New Year’s Eve as part of the city’s holiday celebration. About 4 million people attended. However, not all necessarily took in the music show. 

科帕卡巴纳海滩此前曾举办过几场大型音乐会，其中包括音乐家罗德·斯图尔特 (Rod Stewart) 1994 年的演出。 它发生在除夕夜，作为该市节日庆祝活动的一部分。 约有400万人参加。 然而，并非所有人都一定参加了音乐表演。 

And, in 2006, a Rolling Stones concert drew 1.2 million people onto the famed beach, the newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo reported at the time. 

据《圣保罗页报》当时报道，2006 年，滚石乐队的一场音乐会吸引了 120 万人来到这片著名的海滩。

Madonna fan Ana Beatriz Soares attended the show Saturday. She said Madonna has made her mark across the years. 

麦当娜的粉丝安娜·贝阿特丽斯·苏亚雷斯周六出席了演出。 她说麦当娜多年来已经留下了自己的印记。 

“Madonna had to run so that today’s pop artists could walk. That’s why she’s important, because she serves as an inspiration for today’s pop divas,” she said. “And that’s 40 years ago. Not 40 days, 40 months. It’s 40 years,” she added. 

“麦当娜必须跑步，这样今天的流行艺术家才能走路。 这就是为什么她很重要，因为她是当今流行天后的灵感来源，”她说。 “那是 40 年前的事了。 不是40天，是40个月。 40 年了，”她补充道。 

Financial support for climate technology startups in Africa from the private sector is growing. Businesses have raised more than $3.4 billion since 2019. However, the continent requires $277 billion each year to meet its climate goals for 2030. 

私营部门对非洲气候技术初创企业的财政支持正在增加。 自 2019 年以来，企业已筹集超过 34 亿美元。然而，非洲大陆每年需要 2770 亿美元才能实现 2030 年的气候目标。 

Experts say to receive more money, African countries need to deal with risks such as unexpected currency value changes. And they say investors need to expand into different climate sectors, including flood protection, disaster management and heat management. Investors should also use more kinds of funding methods. 

专家表示，为了获得更多资金，非洲国家需要应对货币价值意外变化等风险。 他们表示，投资者需要扩展到不同的气候领域，包括防洪、灾害管理和热量管理。 投资者还应该采用更多种类的融资方式。 

Africa: The Big Deal is a financial support database. It says that last year, climate tech startups on the continent raised $1.04 billion. That is a 9 percent increase from the year before and three times what they raised in 2019. That increase comes as overall money for startups in Africa fell last year. 

Africa: The Big Deal 是一个金融支持数据库。 据称，去年非洲大陆的气候技术初创公司筹集了 10.4 亿美元。 这比前一年增长了 9%，是 2019 年筹集资金的三倍。这一增长是在去年非洲初创企业的总体资金下降的情况下实现的。 

The money climate tech startups raised last year was more than one-third of all monies raised by startups in Africa in 2023. It came in second to financial technology, a more established sector. 

去年，气候科技初创公司筹集的资金占 2023 年非洲初创公司筹集资金总额的三分之一以上。它位居第二，仅次于更为成熟的金融技术领域。 

Venture capital is usually given to business with large risk but great long-term growth possibilities. Startups use it to expand into new markets and to get products and services on the market. 

风险投资通常给予风险较大但长期增长潜力巨大的企业。 初创公司利用它来拓展新市场并将产品和服务推向市场。 

Even with the noted growth, private sector financing represented only 14 percent of all of Africa’s climate finance from 2019 to 2020. That information comes from a study by Climate Policy Initiative, a finance and policy research organization. 

尽管增长显着，但 2019 年至 2020 年，私营部门融资仅占非洲气候融资总额的 14%。该信息来自金融和政策研究组织气候政策倡议的一项研究。 

That number is far lower than in other parts of the world. In East Asia and the Pacific, for example, private sector financing represents 39 percent of climate finance. And in Latin America and the Caribbean, it makes up 49 percent. 

这个数字远远低于世界其他地区。 例如，在东亚和太平洋地区，私营部门融资占气候融资的 39%。 在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，这一比例为 49%。 

Sandy Okoth works at FSD Africa. The non-profit organization receives funding from the British government. Okoth said the low financial support in Africa is linked to investors putting money in areas they are more familiar with, such as renewable energy technology. Less money comes in for “more complex” technology, Okoth said. That includes technology for adapting to climate change, he added. 

桑迪·奥科斯 (Sandy Okoth) 在 FSD Africa 工作。 该非营利组织接受英国政府的资助。 奥科斯表示，非洲的财政支持较低与投资者将资金投入他们更熟悉的领域有关，例如可再生能源技术。 奥科斯说，“更复杂”的技术投入的资金更少。 他补充说，这包括适应气候变化的技术。 

Wetility is a renewable energy startup based in South Africa. Last year, it secured funding of $48 million, mostly from private equity, to expand its operations. 

Wetility 是一家位于南非的可再生能源初创公司。 去年，该公司获得了 4800 万美元的资金，主要来自私募股权，用于扩大业务。 

The startup provides solar panels for homes and businesses and an online service that permits users to remotely access power usage. It aims to solve the problems of energy access and dependability in southern Africa. 

该初创公司为家庭和企业提供太阳能电池板，并提供允许用户远程访问用电情况的在线服务。 它旨在解决南部非洲的能源获取和可靠性问题。 

Vincent Maposa is founder and chief executive officer of Wetility. He said, “Private sector financing in African climate is still rather low.” But he added that there is clear growth. 

Vincent Maposa 是 Wetility 的创始人兼首席执行官。 他说：“非洲气候下的私营部门融资仍然相当低。” 但他补充说，增长明显。 

Maëlis Carraro is partner at Catalyst Fund. The Kenya-based venture capital fund supports climate adaption solutions. She urged for more diverse funding, such as mixing private and public sector funding together. 

Maëlis Carraro 是 Catalyst 基金的合伙人。 总部位于肯尼亚的风险投资基金支持气候适应解决方案。 她敦促提供更加多样化的资金，例如将私人和公共部门的资金混合在一起。 

She said one aim of public financing should be to bring more private sector capital into financing climate initiatives. 

她表示，公共融资的目标之一应该是吸引更多私营部门资本为气候举措提供融资。 

She added, “We need the private sector and the public sector to work together to unlock more financing.” 

她补充道，“我们需要私营部门和公共部门共同努力，释放更多资金。” 

Robert Burns is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, perhaps best known for Auld Lang Syne, which is sung across the world on Hogmanay. 

罗伯特·彭斯被公认为是苏格兰的民族诗人，他最著名的作品应该就是《友谊地久天长》，这首歌在新年前夜被全世界传唱。

The National Trust for Scotland's online portal will allow people to view fragments of one of only six known manuscripts of the poem, dating from 1793.

苏格兰国民信托的在线门户网站将允许人们查看这首诗仅存的六份手稿其中之一的碎片，手稿年份可以追溯到1793年。

The wedding ring of Burns's wife Jean Armour will also be on show, as will a lock of hair belonging to the woman believed to have inspired the song 'Highland Mary'. A blue monogrammed sock is also featured. It reveals Burns was a size eight.

展品还包括彭斯妻子简·阿莫尔的婚戒、一缕头发——据说这缕头发的主人正是启发彭斯创作歌曲《高原玛丽》的那位女士。此外，还有一只织有花押字的蓝色袜子，从这只袜子可以看出，彭斯穿8码的鞋子。

词汇表

widely regarded 被公认，普遍认为
Hogmanay （苏格兰的）除夕，新年前夜
online portal 在线门户
fragments 碎片
manuscripts 手稿
lock of hair 一缕头发
inspired 启发了，赋予了灵感
monogrammed 有花押字的

Over half of American TV viewers now use subtitles whenever they watch TV, according to survey company YouGov. This trend is even more noticeable in viewers under 30. Subtitles have long been used to help people with hearing impairments or to allow people to watch films in a different language, but why has their use become so widespread?

据调查公司 YouGov 称，现在超过一半的美国电视观众在看电视时都会使用字幕。 这种趋势在 30 岁以下的观众中更为明显。长期以来，字幕一直被用来帮助听力障碍人士或让人们观看不同语言的电影，但为什么字幕的使用变得如此广泛？

The reasons for this are both technical and social. Advances in digital sound production and microphones mean that actors can be more natural in their vocal performance, while at the same time audio directors are able to make more and more dramatic soundscapes. Combined with the much smaller speakers contained in modern TV sets, this can all make dialogue seem unintelligible.

造成这种情况的原因既有技术原因，也有社会原因。 数字声音制作和麦克风的进步意味着演员的声乐表演可以更加自然，同时音频导演也能够制作出越来越戏剧性的音景。 再加上现代电视机中包含的小得多的扬声器，这一切都会使对话显得难以理解。

Smartphones may play a role. We are used to subtitled social media videos that can be watched without headphones. Smartphones also allow us to watch film and TV in public places where they are not easily audible.  Another social reason could be the increased appetite for programmes in other languages accessible through international streaming services.

智能手机可能会发挥一定作用。 我们已经习惯了无需耳机即可观看的带字幕的社交媒体视频。 智能手机还允许我们在不易被听到的公共场所观看电影和电视。 另一个社会原因可能是人们对通过国际流媒体服务访问的其他语言节目的兴趣增加。

While some viewers may consider subtitles to be distracting, or worry about the potential for spoilers, they don't just help with unclear audio. A number of studies have suggested that subtitles could help people to increase their vocabulary and boost their listening skills in languages that they do not currently speak.

虽然一些观众可能认为字幕会分散注意力，或者担心可能会剧透，但它们不仅仅有助于解决不清楚的音频。 许多研究表明，字幕可以帮助人们增加词汇量并提高他们目前不会说的语言的听力技能。

This may be particularly effective when subtitles are in the same language as the audio track of the programme. Same-language subtitles have also been shown to help young children develop their reading skills in their first language, to the point where campaigners have suggested enabling subtitles on all children's programmes by default.

当字幕与节目音轨采用相同语言时，这可能特别有效。 同语言字幕也被证明可以帮助幼儿发展母语的阅读技能，以至于活动人士建议默认在所有儿童节目中启用字幕。

词汇表

viewers 观众
hearing impairment 听觉障碍
digital sound production 数字声音制作
natural 自然的
vocal performance 声乐表演
audio director 音频导演
dramatic soundscape 戏剧化的声景
dialogue 对话
unintelligible 无法理解的
audible 听得见的，可以听到的
distracting 分散注意力的
spoiler 剧透
unclear 不清楚的
audio track 音轨
same-language subtitles 同语言字幕
enable 使…可能

Worobey said the virus likely spreads among the cows due to contact with milking machines, trucks or the shoes of farm workers. It then moves from cow to cow before making its way back to birds. Worobey said birds tested on the same farms as sick cows have a form of the virus with “clear mammalian adaptations.” In other words, the virus shows signs of changing before infecting the bird populations. 

沃罗比说，由于接触挤奶机、卡车或农场工人的鞋子，病毒可能在奶牛之间传播。然后它从一头牛转移到另一头牛，最后又回到鸟类身上。沃罗比说，在与病牛相同的农场进行测试的鸟类携带了一种具有“明显的哺乳动物适应性”的病毒。换句话说，病毒在感染鸟类之前就表现出了变化的迹象。 

Scientists say the best way to keep the virus from spreading to more cows, and possibly humans, is to test cows as often as possible and follow their movements. 

科学家表示，防止病毒传播给更多奶牛（甚至可能是人类）的最佳方法是尽可能频繁地对奶牛进行检测并跟踪它们的活动。 

Thomas Friedrich is a virology expert at the University of Wisconsin’s animal medical school. “We need to be able to do greater surveillance so that we know what’s going on.” 

托马斯·弗里德里希是威斯康星大学动物医学院的病毒学专家。“我们需要能够进行更大规模的监视，以便我们知道发生了什么。” 

Worobey said testing for active virus is one thing. But the tests must also look for antibodies, or evidence of past infections.

沃罗贝说，检测活性病毒是一回事。但测试还必须寻找抗体或过去感染的证据。 

“That is a really accessible and quick way to find out how widespread this is,” he said. 

他说：“这是了解这种情况有多普遍的一种非常容易且快速的方法。” 

Scientists are working to be sure that heating up the milk before it is put into containers for humans to drink is enough to kill the virus. The process is called pasteurization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will have more information about that soon. 

科学家们正在努力确保在将牛奶放入容器供人类饮用之前将其加热足以杀死病毒。该过程称为巴氏灭菌。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 将很快提供更多相关信息。 

Right now, the FDA recommends humans to avoid raw or unpasteurized milk. Farm workers are also being told to wear masks, wash their hands and change their work clothes often, Aliota said. 

目前，美国食品和药物管理局建议人们避免食用生牛奶或未经高温消毒的牛奶。阿利奥塔说，农场工人还被告知要戴口罩、勤洗手并经常更换工作服。 

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said 23 people have been tested for the virus so far. One person has tested positive for a mild eye infection. CDC officials are watching for signs of sickness in 44 other people who were in contact with infected animals. 

美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，迄今为止已有 23 人接受了病毒检测。一名患者轻度眼部感染检测呈阳性。CDC 官员正在观察另外 44 名接触过受感染动物的人是否有生病迹象。 

David O’Connor is a virus expert at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He said that knowing about the virus should not make humans “change anything about how (they) live their daily lives.” 

大卫·奥康纳是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的病毒专家。他说，了解这种病毒不应让人类“改变他们的日常生活方式”。 

But he said humans should have “increased awareness that something is happening.” 

但他表示，人类应该“提高对正在发生的事情的认识”。

That project is shared by the wildlife agency and the South Florida Water Management District. Through 2023, more than 18,000 pythons have been removed from the wild. Contractors like Aycock have removed about 11,000.

该项目由野生动物机构和南佛罗里达州水管理区共享。到 2023 年，已有超过 18,000 条蟒蛇被从野外清除。像艾科克这样的承包商已经拆除了大约 11,000 人。

The pay is average. Hunting along backroads pays $13 an hour. Walking through the swamp pays $18 an hour. Contractors also get paid per snake: $50 for the first 1.2 meters in length, plus more for longer snakes. 

工资是平均水平。沿着小路打猎每小时 13 美元。步行穿过沼泽每小时 18 美元。承包商还可以按每条蛇获得报酬：前 1.2 米长的蛇为 50 美元，更长的蛇则需支付更多费用。 

“You’re not going to make a living doing this full-time. There’s no way you could do it,” Aycock said. 

“你不会全职做这个谋生。你不可能做到这一点，”艾科克说。 

Florida does not permit hunters to use firearms to kill pythons. Catching them is a hands-on exercise. 

佛罗里达州不允许猎人使用枪支杀死蟒蛇。抓住它们是一项动手练习。

Aycock goes into the wetlands to check on known hatching spots and grabs at them when he can. But mostly he drives down empty roads at night, shining a strong light into the swamps. 

艾科克进入湿地检查已知的孵化点，并在可能的情况下抓住它们。但大多数时候，他都是在夜间开车行驶在空荡荡的道路上，将强光照射到沼泽地里。 

He says these bug-filled drives help his mental health. Sometimes he brings along fellow members of the Swamp Apes, a mental health non-profit organization for veterans. The group catches invasive snakes in the wild, clears overgrown areas, and works toward environmental preservation. 

他说这些充满错误的驱动器有助于他的心理健康。有时，他会带来沼泽猿人组织的成员，这是一个针对退伍军人的心理健康非营利组织。该组织在野外捕捉入侵蛇，清理杂草丛生的地区，并致力于环境保护。 

The group’s founder, Tom Rahill, is also a snake hunting contractor. He knows the swamp so well that he can smell a python’s “musk” odor. He says he can feel when a snake is near. 

该组织的创始人汤姆·拉希尔（Tom Rahill）也是一名蛇狩猎承包商。他对这片沼泽非常熟悉，甚至能闻到蟒蛇的“麝香”气味。他说当蛇靠近时他能感觉到。 

There is an art to catching a snake, the hunters say. The methods change from hunter to hunter. Some use a snake hook and then jump on them before putting them into bags. Rahill likes using his hands -- if the snake is calm enough. 

猎人说，捕捉蛇是一门艺术。每个猎人的方法都不同。有些人使用蛇钩，然后跳到它们身上，然后将它们放入袋子中。拉希尔喜欢用手——如果蛇足够冷静的话。 

“Instead of jumping on the snake, you just kind of gently get up to it and then just pick it up,” he said. 

“你不用跳到蛇身上，而是轻轻地靠近它，然后把它捡起来，”他说。 

But the snakes are not always calm. Sometimes a hunter needs a helper to keep the snake uncoiled until it calms down and can be contained to prevent escape. 

但蛇并不总是平静的。有时，猎人需要帮助来让蛇保持展开状态，直到它平静下来并被控制住以防止逃跑。 

Once the snakes are caught, the hunters have 24 hours to take them to the wildlife agency. It is illegal for any person other than a licensed contractor to transport a live, invasive snake. 

一旦蛇被捕获，猎人有24小时的时间将它们带到野生动物机构。除获得许可的承包商外，任何人运输活的入侵性蛇都是违法的。 

Aycock takes them home first to be “humanely killed.” 

艾科克首先将他们带回家，然后“人道地杀害”。 

“That’s the part of the job that I really just ... hate,” he said. “I hate having to kill snakes.” 

“这就是我真的……讨厌的工作部分，”他说。“我讨厌必须杀蛇。” 

The United States plans new rules for the movement of dairy cows between states because of concerns about a bird flu outbreak. 

出于对禽流感爆发的担忧，美国计划对各州之间奶牛的流动制定新规则。

The virus is called Type A H5N1. It has been found in over 30 different groups of cows across eight states. 

该病毒被称为 A 型 H5N1。 已在 8 个州的 30 多个不同的奶牛群中发现了这种病毒。 

Some inactive markers of the virus have been found in milk sold in stores. Inactive markers mean the virus is dead and cannot harm humans who drink the milk. 

在商店出售的牛奶中发现了一些非活性病毒标记。 不活跃的标记意味着病毒已经死亡，不会伤害喝牛奶的人。 

The concern is that the virus could mutate, or change. It could then possibly spread from cows or other animals to humans. Experts, however, believe the risk of that is low. 

令人担忧的是病毒可能会变异或改变。 然后它可能从牛或其他动物传播到人类。 然而，专家认为这种风险很低。 

After April 29, cows must have been tested and found to not have the virus before they are permitted to be moved between states. 

4 月 29 日之后，奶牛必须经过检测并发现没有携带病毒，然后才能获准在各州之间转移。 

The virus has been known by scientists to circulate among wild birds. It appears in other animals if they eat sick birds. Some animals that live near the sea have tested positive for the virus, including harbor seals and polar bears. Animals that eat grasses, such as cows and goats, have only recently been found to have the virus. 

科学家已知该病毒在野生鸟类中传播。 如果其他动物吃了病鸟，也会出现这种情况。 一些生活在海边的动物的病毒检测呈阳性，包括斑海豹和北极熊。 直到最近才发现牛和山羊等吃草的动物携带这种病毒。

Richard Webby is an influenza expert at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Tennessee. He said flu viruses are known for adapting to spread among new animals. Finding the virus in dairy milk raises concerns that it could spread to people, Webby said. 

理查德·韦比是田纳西州圣裘德儿童研究医院的流感专家。 他说，众所周知，流感病毒能够适应在新动物之间的传播。 韦比说，在牛奶中发现这种病毒引发了人们对其可能传播给人类的担忧。 

Scientists confirmed the virus in cows in March after farmers said their cows were sick. They said the animals’ symptoms included tiredness and low milk production. Some farmers said the milk the sick cows produced was thick and yellow. 

三月份，在农民表示他们的奶牛生病后，科学家们证实了奶牛体内存在这种病毒。 他们说，这些动物的症状包括疲倦和产奶量低。 一些农民表示，病牛产出的牛奶又浓又黄。 

Matthew Aliota is an animal medicine researcher at the University of Minnesota. He said finding the inactive virus in the milk “suggests this has been going on longer, and is more widespread, than we have previously recognized.” 

马修·阿利奥塔（Matthew Aliota）是明尼苏达大学的动物医学研究员。 他说，在牛奶中发现失活病毒“表明这种情况持续的时间比我们之前认识的要长，而且范围更广。” 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently sent out new genetic information about the virus. 

美国农业部最近发布了有关该病毒的新基因信息。 

Michael Worobey is an evolutionary biologist with the University of Arizona. He said the federal agency information makes him think the virus moved from birds to cows late in 2023. 

迈克尔·沃罗贝 (Michael Worobey) 是亚利桑那大学的进化生物学家。 他说，联邦机构的信息让他认为病毒在 2023 年底从鸟类转移到了牛身上。 

Heavy rains and severe flooding have been hitting Kenya since March. They are among the most disastrous rainstorms to hit the East African country in recent years.

自三月以来，肯尼亚遭受暴雨和严重洪水袭击。 这是近年来袭击这个东非国家的最具灾难性的暴雨之一。

At least 169 people have died from the heavy rains. At least 91 others are missing, the latest government estimates say.

至少有169人因暴雨死亡。 政府最新估计称，至少还有 91 人失踪。

On Monday, at least 48 people died after water blew through a blocked river tunnel under a railway line in southwestern Kenya.

周一，肯尼亚西南部铁路线下一条被堵塞的河流隧道被洪水冲破，造成至少 48 人死亡。

The flooding has displaced more than 190,000 people and damaged roads and other structures.

洪水导致超过 190,000 人流离失所，道路和其他建筑物受损。

Seasonal weather patterns, climate change and other natural weather events all combine to create deadly rainstorms.

季节性天气模式、气候变化和其他自然天气事件结合在一起，造成了致命的暴雨。

Kenya and some other parts of eastern Africa have two main rainfall periods: the “long rains” season from March to May, and the “short rains” season from October to December.

肯尼亚和东非其他一些地区有两个主要降雨期：3月至5月的“长雨”季节和10月至12月的“短雨”季节。

The “long rains” season is when most of the country’s average yearly rainfall happens.

“长雨”季节是该国年平均降雨量的大部分时间。

In its forecast for this year’s “long rains” season, the Kenya Meteorological Department predicted above-average rainfall in many parts of the country. It also warned of flooding, landslides and other harmful effects.

肯尼亚气象部门在对今年“长雨”季节的预测中预计，该国许多地区的降雨量将高于平均水平。 它还警告洪水、山体滑坡和其他有害影响。

Last year’s “short rains” season saw severe storms in many parts of the country. The meteorological department said Lamu, Mombasa and Garissa areas received nearly three times their long-term average rainfall.

去年“短雨”季节，全国多地遭遇严重风暴。 气象部门表示，拉穆、蒙巴萨和加里萨地区的降雨量几乎是长期平均降雨量的三倍。

Kenya's rainfall frequency and intensity are affected by a natural climate system called the Indian Ocean Dipole.

肯尼亚的降雨频率和强度受到称为印度洋偶极子的自然气候系统的影响。

The Indian Ocean Dipole makes the surface of the western Indian Ocean warmer and then colder than the eastern Indian Ocean. It causes heavy rainfall in areas west of the Indian Ocean, such as Kenya, and droughts in Indonesia and Australia.

印度洋偶极子使西印度洋的表面比东印度洋先暖后冷。 它导致肯尼亚等印度洋以西地区出现强降雨，并导致印度尼西亚和澳大利亚出现干旱。

Joyce Kimutai is a researcher at Imperial College London. She said that, in Kenya’s case, the Indian Ocean Dipole and climate change are likely bringing more severe rainfall and flooding.

乔伊斯·基穆泰 (Joyce Kimutai) 是伦敦帝国理工学院的研究员。 她说，就肯尼亚而言，印度洋偶极子和气候变化可能会带来更严重的降雨和洪水。

In a study in December last year, Kimutai and other scientists from World Weather Attribution found that human-caused climate change had made last year’s “short rains” season in Kenya and other parts of eastern Africa up to two times more intense.

在去年 12 月的一项研究中，Kimutai 和世界天气归因组织的其他科学家发现，人为造成的气候变化使肯尼亚和东非其他地区去年的“短雨”季节强度增加了两倍。

It has become more difficult to predict long-term weather in Kenya in recent years. The start and the length of dry and wet seasons have increasingly changed.

近年来，预测肯尼亚的长期天气变得更加困难。 旱季和雨季的开始和长度发生了越来越大的变化。

The Kenya Meteorological Department expects the “long rains” season to continue into June. In its latest weather report on Monday, the department said it expects heavy rain in six areas of the country. It also predicted flooding in low-lying areas and landslides in hilly areas.

肯尼亚气象部门预计“长雨”季节将持续到六月。 该部门在周一最新的天气报告中表示，预计该国六个地区将出现大雨。 它还预测了低洼地区的洪水和丘陵地区的山体滑坡。

Flooding in East Africa also has killed more than 150 people in neighboring Tanzania and Somalia. It has also affected hundreds of thousands of people in Ethiopia and Burundi.

东非的洪水也导致邻国坦桑尼亚和索马里的 150 多人死亡。 它还影响了埃塞俄比亚和布隆迪的数十万人。

Less than half of Americans say they are getting enough sleep, according to a recent opinion study by the Gallup organization. 

盖洛普组织最近的一项民意研究显示，不到一半的美国人表示他们睡眠充足。

The poll found that 57 percent of Americans say they would feel better if they could get more sleep. Only 42 percent say they are getting as much sleep as they need. 

民意调查发现，57% 的美国人表示，如果能够获得更多睡眠，他们会感觉更好。 只有 42% 的人表示他们的睡眠充足。 

Gallup carried out the same kind of study in 2013. That time, the results were different. Fifty-six percent said they got enough sleep, while 43 percent said they did not get enough sleep. 

盖洛普在2013年进行了同类研究，但当时的结果有所不同。 56% 的人表示他们睡眠充足，43% 的人表示他们睡眠不足。 

Women under the age of 50 were the most likely to report they are not getting enough rest. Only 27 percent of women in that group said they usually get all the sleep they need. 

50 岁以下的女性最有可能报告她们没有得到足够的休息。 该群体中只有 27% 的女性表示她们通常能获得所需的全部睡眠。 

The poll also asked people to report how many hours of sleep they usually get each night. Only 26 percent said they got eight or more hours. Many sleep experts say adults should aim for eight hours of sleep a night. 

该民意调查还要求人们报告他们通常每晚的睡眠时间。 只有 26% 的人表示他们有 8 个小时或更长时间。 许多睡眠专家表示，成年人的目标应该是每晚睡八小时。 

Just over half of the respondents reported getting between six and seven hours of sleep a night. And 20 percent said they got five hours or less. That number increased from 2013, when 14 percent of respondents reported getting five hours or less.

超过一半的受访者表示每晚睡眠六到七个小时。 20% 的人表示他们的时间不超过五个小时。 这个数字比 2013 年有所增加，当时 14% 的受访者表示工作时间为 5 小时或更少。 

Justine Broughal is a self-employed event planner with two small children. She is 31 years old. Her 4-month-old son still wakes up throughout the night. After her 3-year-old daughter goes to bed, she still needs to do some work in the house. That makes it difficult for her to get the sleep she needs. 

贾斯汀·布鲁尔 (Justine Broughal) 是一名自营活动策划者，有两个小孩。 她今年 31 岁。 她四个月大的儿子仍然整夜醒来。 3岁的女儿睡觉后，她还需要做一些家务。 这使她很难获得所需的睡眠。 

“I really treasure being able to spend time with (my children),” Broughal says. However, she added that it can reduce the amount of time for her to rest and take care of herself. 

“我真的很珍惜能够与（我的孩子们）共度时光，”布鲁尔说。 然而，她补充说，这会减少她休息和照顾自己的时间。 

Claude Fischer is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He said that American culture has valued hard work and productivity since the first European immigrants arrived. He added that the religious beliefs of some groups connected hard work with approval from God. 

克劳德·费舍尔是加州大学伯克利分校的社会学教授。 他说，自从第一批欧洲移民抵达以来，美国文化就重视努力工作和生产力。 他补充说，一些群体的宗教信仰将努力工作与上帝的认可联系在一起。 

Working hard, he said, “has been a core part of American culture for centuries.” 

他说，努力工作“几个世纪以来一直是美国文化的核心部分。” 

Some Americans also say their busy workdays make them want to stay up late. After a long day of work, spending time at night on social media or watching television can help them lower stress or have some time to themselves. But this reduces the number of hours they can sleep. 

一些美国人还表示，忙碌的工作日让他们想熬夜。 经过一整天的工作后，晚上花时间浏览社交媒体或看电视可以帮助他们减轻压力或享受一些独处的时间。 但这会减少他们的睡眠时间。 

Liz Meshel has experienced this. The 30-year-old American is temporarily living and doing research in Bulgaria. But she also works a part-time job on U.S. hours to help pay her bills. That means she sometimes works until 10 at night local time. 

莉兹·梅舍尔就经历过这一点。 这位30岁的美国人暂时在保加利亚生活和研究。 但她也在美国工作时间做兼职，以帮助支付账单。 这意味着她有时会工作到当地时间晚上 10 点。 

When it is close to her bedtime, she said she thinks about the time she did not have for herself during the day. So, she decides to watch television and look at social media instead of getting to sleep earlier. 

当临近睡觉时间时，她说她会想起白天没有属于自己的时间。 因此，她决定看电视和浏览社交媒体，而不是早点睡觉。 

That, Meshel said, “will always make the problem worse.” 

梅舍尔说，这“总是会让问题变得更糟。”