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1) If you walk into shul and they are saying קדושה you must stop and say it with them 🚶🗣️

- Even if you already davened🔁

2) What if you’re davening in one minyan and the minyan next to you is up to קדושה? 2️⃣🙏

- Only have to answer your minyan 🫵

2) What if you are in the middle of learning and there’s a minyan that is saying קדושה? 📖

- Stop learning and answer🚫📖

1) Certain large sections of תפילה are considered one big part, so if you were to start it with a מנין, and lose the מנין, you can finish it without a מנין. 🚶🏻👀

2) For example: if you start חזרת הש״ץ with a מנין, and then you lose the מנין by the time you’re up to קדושה, can you still continue with only 9? Yes! Since you started from חזרת הש״ץ with 10. 🔟✌️🤷‍♂️🙏

1) You need at least 9 people to answer in order to לכתחילה begin חזרת הש״ץ (other then the חזן) 9️⃣✅

2) You can’t learn during חזרת הש״ץ 📖🚫

- As it might cause people around you to think it’s ok to not pay attention 🗣️🗣️

1)You cannot walk within 4 אמות of someone davening שמונה עשרה; Don’t disturb him 🎧‼️

2) This applies even when you’re finishing שמונה עשרה, as you cannot take 3 steps back if it’ll interfere with someone’s ‘ד אמות, unless it’s a big need. 🚷

1)There’s split מנהגים as to if the חזן should say ה׳ שפתי תפתח וכו׳ out loud during חזרת הש״ץ or not, do what the מנהג of the shul is. 🗣️

2) You don’t need to stand during חזרת הש״ץ, but it is definitely nice to. 🧍‍♂️

3)It is completely אסור to talk during חזרת הש”ץ, some shuls were even destroyed because of it. 😱🤯💥

‎1) חזל instituted חזרת הש״ץ (the חזן’s repeated שמונה עשרה) because back then many people didn’t know how to daven 🚫🧠

- Therefore they could be יוצא with the חזן✅

2) We still say it nowadays as there is always a chance there will be someone who doesn’t know how to daven but is embarrassed to say so 😶‍🌫️🤐

- Doesn’t mean you should make sure to have a person like that in shul

1) If you are in the middle of שמונה עשרה and the חזן gets to קדושה, stay silent 🤫

- You could continue during the extra additions (like אז בקול that we add on שבת)

2) Your שמונה עשרה is considered over after you say the second יהיו לרצון in אלקי נצור 🎬🥈

2) If you’ve only said the first יהיו לרצון, answer all parts of קדושה except ״ימלוך ה׳ לעולם״ 🚫👑

1)At the end of שמונה עשרה, after יהיו לרצון, you should bend down and then take the 3 steps back as you are bending. 🙇‍♂️3️⃣

2) You go left foot first, then right, then left. Then bow to left, bow to right, then bow forward. 👣 👈 👉 👈

3)Although many take 3 steps forward right away, one should wait until after קדושה to take 3 steps forward, as we don’t want to indicate we are rushing to leave the presence of Hashem 🚷🙌❤️

CORRECTION: As implied in the Mishna Berura and satted explicitly in the Kaf HaChayim, 125:3, ג) וכתב עו"ש בשער הכוו' וז"ל ובהגיע הש"ץ אל נקדישך וכו' צריך האדם לחזור ולפסוע ג' פסיעות לפניו במקום שהיה עומד בהיותו מתפלל בלחש ויסתום עיניו בכוונה גמורה,

As in, a person should take the 3 steps forward BEFORE kedusha so as to return to their makom of tefilla for kedusha!

1)Just moving without speaking isn’t considered an interruption🚶🏻🚫🗣️✅

2)If you have a question about tefilah, for example you don’t know what to say, you can walk out of your place to go ask the question and then return to your place and continue davening 🙋‍♂️❓

3)Same applies if you see an animal while davening, you can move and continue in a different place. 🦒 🦓 🏃

1)During שמונה עשרה, you cannot speak, unless it’s a situation of פיקוח נפש or the like 🚫🗣️⚠️

2)During אלקי נצור after the first יהיו לרצון and when you’re making your personal requests before the second יהיו לרצון, you can answer certain things like during shema: אמן יהא שמא רבא וכו׳, you can answer קדוש קדוש קדוש and ברוך ה׳ כבוד ממקומו. 🙌👍

1)If a person says כל חמירא וחמיעא וכו׳, and has in mind to be מבטל his חמץ, then מן התורה, it works. 🍞🤷‍♂️💭

‎2)חז״ל instituted בדיקת חמץ, because although you were מבטל your חמץ, you may come to find חמץ on פסח, so on the night before פסח, we do בדיקת חמץ. 🕵️‍♂️🫣🥄🕯️

3)You only make the ברכה when you do בדיקה on the 14th, so if you are going away and did it earlier, you don’t make the ברכה then. But this year we make the ברכה on the 13th, because we can’t do בדיקה on Friday night 🙏1️⃣4️⃣

1)What are קטניות? Includes things such as beans, chickpeas, rice etc. 🍚🌽

‎2)קטניות are not חמץ, the 5 grains are חמץ. But since it can be easily be mistaken for the 5 grains, ashkenazim are מחמיר and have the מנהג to not eat קטניות. 🌾🍞

3)Although ashkenazim don’t eat it, they can still benefit from it; for example if there’s some sort of lotion or cream with קטניות , that’s מותר.🧴✅

1)What is gebrochts? It’s a חומרא amongst חסידים to not eat מצה with any liquids 🫓💦🚫

2)The reason is that they are concerned that maybe there will be leftover flour on the מצה which will then mix with the liquid to create חמץ 👨‍🍳🍞

3)It is only a חומרא, so if you end up eating gebrochts, it’s מותר 😅😮‍💨

1)Any חמץ owned by a Jew over פסח is אסור בהנאה; for instance if a store owns חמץ over פסח, its אסור forever 🥯🍞❌

2)If a store says that they sold חמץ but they advertise their חמץ, there is reason to be worried 🤝🧐

3)Can you sell חמץ over the internet? Yes! Because nowadays many deals are made over the internet 🛜🤝✅

1)On תענית אסתר, there’s a מנהג to give 3 half shekel coins (מחצית השקל), to commemorate the מחצית השקל which would be collected during the month of אדר. 🎭🪙

2)You give 3 halves of whatever the currency is where you live- it’s hard to find half coins these days, so you should give a few dollars, and then pick up the coins that most shuls will have and say זכר

‎ מחצית השקל 🥉

1)If you missed the זמן of any תפילה due to something out of your control (אונס), you should daven שמונה עשרה twice at the next תפילה. 🚶🏼‍♂️🏎️🚑

2)If you intentionally missed though, then you cannot make it up at the next תפילה, in this case, you snooze, you lose. 🙄😴

3)What if you got woken up for שחרית then fell asleep and missed the זמן, is that אונס or not? It is not, and you can make it up, but you should most definitely try your hardest to wake up for שחרית בזמנה. 🥱😮😰

1)The ברכה of שמע קולנו, you’re able to Daven for any בקשות that you have. It’s also an ענין to say the insertions that the סידור gives you. (For פרנסה and mentioning your sins) 💸🙇‍♂️

2)It isn’t good however, to prolong your בקשות by שמע קולנו, the proper time for that would be before the words יהיו לרצון אמרי פי before taking your 3 steps back. 🥱🚶🏼‍♂️3️⃣

1)It is appropriate to make personal requests in the middle ברכות of שמנה עשרה , but not in the first 3 and last 3 ברכות. 🙇‍♂️🙏🙏

2)If you make a בקשה in a certain ברכה, it must be related, ex: can’t ask for פרנסה in the ברכה of אתה חונן. 🧐

3)If you make a בקשה in a ברכה, it should be once you said the chunk of the ברכה, and right before you say ברוך אתה ה׳. 🫡

1) If you forgot יעלה ויבא: 🧠

- If you started to take your 3 steps back = repeat שמונה עשרה 🔁

- If you didn’t take the 3 steps yet = go back to רצה 🔁🙏

2) At Maariv on ראש חדש, if you forget יעלה ויבא you don’t repeat שמונה עשרה 🚫🔁

1)The חסידים ראשונים would prepare for an hour before שחרית , we don’t need to, but should be there early in order to have your mind set. 🧘‍♂️🚶🏼‍♂️

2)This can apply especially before מנחה , because it’s in middle of the day and it’s a short תפילה, so you should definitely try to come early to מנחה. 🏃‍♂️💨

3)A person should daven מתוך שמחה של מצוה, and a great way to do that is to learn before davening, but you should not learn בעיון, because that’ll cause you to be thinking about the סוגיה during davening, so you should learn something more פשוט like הלכה (one minute Halacha with Rav Ari), מוסר etc. 📖🧐💭

1)The גמרא in ברכות says A person you need to bow fully until you move all your vertebrae in your spine. 🙇‍♂️🪙

‎2)משנה ברורה says bowing at מודים is different; you go down in one motion opposed to the multiple motions in שמונה עשרה 🧎☝️

1) Common Practice:

- “ברוך” = bend knees 🦵

- “אתה” = bow 🙇🏼

- “ה׳” = straighten up 🧍‍♂️

2) The Arizal and others say not to bend your knees at all. Bow body at “ברוך” and then bow head at “אתה” 🚫🦵

3) Gemara says “bow like a stick, come up like a snake” meaning you should bow quickly an come up slowly 💨🐍

1) You should stand with your feet together during שמונה עשרה to be like מלאכים 🧍‍♂️

2) Don’t put all of your weight onto something else (ex. a shtender) 🏋️‍♂️🚫🪑

3) Should bow your head, have hands over your heart, shuckle, or anything else that helps with your כוונה (but don’t have to if it won’t help) 🙇‍♂️🙂‍↕️

1)It is אסור to Daven if you need to go to the bathroom, if you need to go, you must go to avoid any ספיקות 🚽💩

2)If after שמונה עשרה you go to the bathroom, and you wondered if you needed to go before davenjng, if you go back and realize you could’ve held it in for 72 minutes, then you’re good, if not, you must repeat שמונה עשרה 🔂

3)If you realize you’re going to miss the זמן of תפילה , you should try to Daven even if you need to go a tiny bit, but if you make the חשבון that you can’t hold it in for 72 minutes, then you should go to the bathroom. It’s better to Daven by yourself when not needed to go to bathrooom opposed to with a ציבור when you do need to go ❌🙏🚽

1) You should have a set place to daven (מקום קבוע) every day (specifically שמונה עשרה) ⬇️🪑

- Source: Avraham was ״וישכם אברהם אל המקום״

2) Within 4 אמות of your מקום קבוע is still your מקום, and you don’t have to move someone sitting there 4️⃣💪

3) Sitting in your מקום should never come at the expense of someone else as it is only a הידור מצוה 🚫😔

1)The שולחן ערוך and משנה ברורה say that you should not Daven in front of a picture, even if your eyes are closed, because it can cause a distraction. (This is why most Shuls don’t have pictures) 🖼️👀🚫

2)You also cannot Daven in front of a mirror, for the same reason as stated above. 🪞🙅

3)The פסקי תשובה says that לכתחילה you should not Daven in front of a window, especially if you can see your full reflection, if you can just see your shadow, then בדיעבד it’s okay. 🪟👤❌

1)Before שמונה עשרה , there’s a מנהג to take 3 steps forward. Step with right foot first to show ה׳ our זריזות to do speak with him. 👣🥳

2)The 3 steps back isn’t הלכה, rather it came about that if you didn’t have enough room to take 3 steps forward, you’d take 3 steps back first.

3)Some people say ה׳ שפתי תפתח while taking 3 steps forward, but it’s actually the beginning of שמונה עשרה, so you should be careful to take 3 steps forward and then say ה׳ שפתי תפתח. 🚫🖐🏻

1)It is very important to Daven שמונה עשרה with a מנין because ה׳ DOES NOT REJECT the תפילות of the רבים 🙅🚫🫂

2)It is extremely preferable to Daven in a בית מדרש or בית כנסת even when davening ביחידות , however if you have a מנין in the office, מנין would take precedent over davening in a shul alone. 🏠🕍

3)If you need to daven alone , still Daven at the same time as your local מנין. R’ Moshe Feinstein ZT”L says even if you have better כוונה when davening alone, it is still more important to Daven with a מנין. ⏰🙇‍♂️

1)Whenever it says תפילה in the שולחן ערוך or ש״ס, it generally refers to שמונה עשרה 🧐🫨

2) The earliest time בדיעבד to daven שמונה עשרה is לכתחילה ;עלות השחר the best זמן to daven is with נץ החמה. 🤷‍♂️ 🥱

3) The זמן of תפילה goes until the 4th hour of the day, opposed to the 3rd hour when it comes to שמע.

- בדיעבד you can daven until חצות

- The גר״א and מגן אברהם have their respective זמנים when it comes to תפילה, just like when it comes to שמע⏰3️⃣

1) You should never interrupt the first פסוק of קריאת שמע ❌🗣️

2) During the rest of קריאת שמע you can interrupt for certain things such as: the אמןs of קדיש (until דאמירן בעלמא), קדושה (say only קדוש קדוש and ברוך כבוד), ברכו, first 3 words of מודים דרבנן, etc. ✅🙏

3) If you had to interrupt an ענין/idea to answer אמן then go back to repeat that Pasuk from the start🔁

1)When you say the words על מזוזות ביתך ובשעריך, and you forget if you just finished the paragraph of ואהבת or והיה אם שמוע (since they both include that פסוק), What is the הלכה?🤔🤨

2)If you’re davening alone, you have to assume you just finished ואהבת, so you should start from והיה אם שמוע, but if you catch yourself saying the word למען, you should pick up from למען ירבו (in והיה), because that’s what you were probably up to. 🙇‍♂️🤷‍♂️

3)When davening with a minyan, you can assume that the ציבור is up to והיה, because for example you’ll realize the חזן finished אהבה רבה around 2 minutes ago, so you should pick up from למען ירבו. 🎤🫡🗣️

1)Need proper כוונה for the first פסוק of קריאת שמע, you must go back and repeat it, as it is מעכב to your חיוב of קריאת שמע.🔂🙇‍♂️

2) What is “proper כוונה”? The שולחן ערוך explains

When you say the words “שמע ישראל”, you should have in mind that you’re announcing to כלל ישראל and that they should listen to what you’re about to say.

When you say יקוק, you have to have in mind not just its pronunciation, but the way it’s spelled and what the letters represent

‎ה׳ היה הווה ויהיה״” - Hashem will be, Hashem is, and Hashem was.

When you say אלקנו, You should have in mind that ה׳ is in control of everything and can do anything

When you say יקוק, you have the same כוונה as the first time.

And when you say אחד, you have to have in mind that ה׳ is the one and only real existence ☝️1️⃣

1)When one davens without a מנין, he says א-ל מלך נאמן, when one davens with a מנין, he does not say א-ל מלך נאמן Why?

2) The reason is because if you count the words of שמע, you’ll count 245 words. You want to make sure to say 248 words כנגד the 248 limbs in the body 💪🦵. So that’s why when you don’t have a מנין, you’ll add א-ל מלך נאמן to reach 248.

3) What about with a מנין? We’re worried that if one says א-ל מלך נאמן, it’ll be a הפסיק between אהבה רבה and קריאת שמע, so that’s why the חזן adds ה׳ אלוקכם אמת in addition to saying it to himself to allow us to reach 248. 🧔‍♂️🎤

1) You NEED to have כוונה when you are saying קריאת שמע ❌🥱

‎2) שולחן ערוך says that you have to be יוצא בשפתיו וישמיע לאוזניו = words have to leave your lips (even a whisper) + have to be able to hear them 🗣️➕👂

- If you can’t hear them you are still יוצא as long as pronounce them

3) Need to be מדקדק (careful) with the letters and their pronunciation ⚠️

1) Review: ברכות are not מעכב to קריאת שמע itself and are a seperate חיוב ❌🤞

2) So if you say the ברכות out of order you don’t need to go back and you filled your חיוב 🚫🔄

1) We learn from the משנה ברורה that the ברכות of קריאת שמע are not מעקב to fulfilling your חיוב of קריאת שמע. So you can technically fulfill the מצוה of קריאת שמע without saying the ברכות of קריאת שמע 🫡👍‼️

2) This is practical for example when it comes שבת morning and סוף זמן קריאת שמע is at 8:30, and your מנין is also at 8:30, meaning you’d need to say שמע before davening. So in this case, it’s practical that the ברכות aren’t מעקב to your fulfillment of קריאת שמע, and what you’d do is say שמע alone without the ברכות, in order to fulfill קריאת שמע בזמנה🙏👨🏻⏳

3) So what happens when the מנין gets up to קריאת שמע (after the זמן had already passed)? You’d say the ברכות as normal and fulfill your חיוב of ברכות קריאת שמע, and then say שמע with the ציבור, because after all שמע is תורה, and there’s nothing wrong with just reading some תורה ‼️📖

‎1) שולחן ערוך says that EVERYONE agrees that the end of the זמן of קריאת שמע is שלש שעות

Which is 3 hours into the HALACHIC day(1/4 of the HALACHIC day)

🤝🔚⏰

2) This is the time when the princes and בני מלכים would get up (they were the late risers, so that’s why that’s when the זמן ends.)🤴🫅

3) Although everyone agrees that the זמן ends in the 3rd HALACHIC hour, the גר״א and מגן אברהם have different שיטות as to when the 3rd hour is. So the הלכה למעשה is that it’s better to do like the מגן אברהם (earlier זמן). But we do follow the גר״א, so if the זמן of the מגן אברהם passed, don’t even worry but make sure to catch the זמן of the גר״א‼️🥱

1) Our HALACHIC hours are called שעות זמניות ⏰⌛️. They aren’t like hours in the secular world which are 60 minutes 🌎, rather we divide the daylight into 12 different pieces which is called a halachic hour ➗🌞( it is sometimes more and sometimes less than 60 minutes)

2) We have 2 main שיטות- The גר״א holds that the 12 hour period starts from נץ החמה and ends at שקיעה. (Sunrise to sunset) 🌅➡️🌆. The מגן אברהם holds the 12 hour time period is from עלות השחר (dawn) until צאת הכוכבים.

3) What we see from this is the זמנים of the גר״א will ALWAYS be later then the זמנים of the מגן אברהם, and the מגן אברהם will be m

‎1) עלות השחר is usually בדיעבד but it becomes לכתחילה when you have no other options because of work, flights, other אונסים 😕⏰➡️😁⏰

- Ex. Someone who leaves to work in the morning during the winter might already be working before the זמן of מי שיכיר, so עלות השחר becomes לכתחילה 👨‍💼❄️

2) You should say קריאת שמע as close to נץ החמה as possible and shouldn’t delay for no reason, even after the זמן passes 🌅

1) The reason for מי שיכיר (time that you can recognize someone you are familiar with 4 אמות away 🕴🏻🚶🏻 (approx 50 min before נץ/earliest time for קריאת שמע לכתחילה)) is based on the פסוק IN שמע of ״ובשכבך ובקומך״ because that’s time that people wake up according to the שולחן ערוך😇🙌☀️

‎2) מצוה מן המובחר aka extra שכר 🤑💸- the most ideal time to say קריאת שמע is right before נץ to be סומך גאולה לתפילה - Daven שמונה עשרה with the נץ minyan 🙏

‎3) בדיעבד the earliest time to say קריאת שמע is from עלות השחר 🌅 - should only be done in a time of need ‼️And only be done once a month 1️⃣

Main 3 זמנים in the AM: 3️⃣🕒

*First:* Dawn - עמוד השחר/עלות השחר

- Approx. 72 minutes before sunrise 🌄

*Second:* מי שיכיר‎‎ - time when you can recognize someone you are familiar with 4 amos away 🕵️‍♂️

- not someone you know well as you could recognize them from further

*Third:* Sunrise - נץ החמה 🌅

- most ideal time to daven שמונה עשרה 😇

1) The chazan has to say ברכו loud enough that at least 10 people can hear and answer him (just like any other דבר שבקדושה) 📢 🔟

2) If you don’t hear the chazan say ברכו but you hear the קהל say “ברוך ה המברך לעולם ועד”, you’re allowed to answer with the ציבור 👂

-If you only hear the chazan repeat “ברוך ה המברך לעולם ועד”, then all you need to do is answer אמן 👑

1) The עיקר of פסוקי דזמרא is the section beginning with אשרי through the rest of the הללוקהs 🙌🏻

-anyone who says אשרי three🥉times a day is guaranteed Olam Haba

2) When we get to the words “פותח את ידך” we have to have kavana that Hashem is the one who gives us everything we have 🫲🏻🫱🏻

-if you run through the words “פותח את ידך” without kavana 🧠, you have to go back and continue to the end of אשרי 🔙

1) Some people pronounce “יתגדל ויתקדש” as “Yisga-deil VYiska-deish” and others as “Yisga-dal VYiska-dash” 💬

-The reason is because some say the words are in Hebrew and others say its in Aramaic

-Most people say “Yisga-dal VYiska-dash” 😎

2) חצי קדיש is up until “דאמירן בעלמא ואמרו אמן”

-Its used to seperate between two parts of Tefillah or to start a new part of Tefillah ➗

1) We have the power to rip up bad decrees by answering “אמן יהא שמיה רבא” will all our strength 💪🏻

-important to take Kaddish seriously ❗️

2) It’s ABSOLUTELY, 100% אסור to talk during Kaddish 😶

3) The custom is for Sefardim to sit 🪑during Kaddish and Ashkenazim to stand 🧍

-If you’re standing already than you can’t sit down

1) The first thing you should skip in פסוקי דזמרא in order to make תפילה בציבור is “מזמור שיר חנוכת הבית” 🎵

2) The next thing you should skip is יהי כבוד 🫡

🕯️ Best thing to light נרות חנוכה is with olive oil 🫒

🕯️🕯️ Shamash doesn’t need to be anything fancy and doesn’t need to be the same thing as the other candles 🕎

🕯️🕯️🕯️ Must be enough oil or long enough wick for Candles to be lit for at least 30 minutes 🕡 after lighting them 🔥

🕯️🕯️🕯️🕯️ Set up the מנורה 🕎 with the right most 👉🏻 candle first, and then light from left 👈🏻 to right 👉🏻

1) You don’t necessarily need to makeup the parts of פסוקי דזמרא that you missed as long as you don’t use it as a heter to come late to davening 🚫

2) On Shabbos, נשמת is a core part of פסוקי דזמרא that you must say 🎵

-The next order of importance is the paragraphs that we say during the week 😎

-After that is למנצח, then לדוד לשנתו and תפילה למשה 🕍

-After than comes the rest of shabbos davening 🕯️🕯️

*There are core things that you need to say before davening שמנה עשרה:*

-Put on your תפילין, say על נטילת ידיים, say אשר יצר, say אלקי נשמה and ברכות התורה 💧

-Most important three things to say are: ברוך שאמר, אשרי, and ישתבח 🙌🏻

*If you have more time:*

-Say: the fifth הללוקה, then the 3rd, then the rest of the הללוקהs 🎵

-Then, say from ויברך דוד until ותפארתך 😎

-If you have even more time, say הודו until רוממו 🙏🏻

-Then, מזמור לתודה, then ברוך ה לעולם and then everything else 🙂‍↔️

1) The עיקר of davening with a minyan is תפילה בציבור AKA davening Shmoneh Esrei with a minyan 🔟

2) Therefore, there are allowances to skip certain parts of פסוקי דזמרא to make sure you daven Shmoneh Esrei with a minyan ⏯️

-If your davening alone then you should daven it all straight through (unless you would miss סוף זמן קריאת שמע) 🧏‍♂️

-If you’re so late that you won’t make תפילה בציבור even if you skip, than you shouldn’t skip ❌🏃🏻