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In this episode, we dive into the highly anticipated 2025 revision of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hip Pain and Mobility Deficits—Hip Osteoarthritis, published by the APTA Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy. Join us as we explore the latest evidence on how to best classify, examine, and treat patients living with mild-to-moderate hip OA. We break down the updated recommendations for manual therapy, specific exercise dosing, patient education, and a brand-new "Level A" recommendation for dry needling. Whether you are looking to optimize your conservative management strategies or understand when to use (and when to avoid) modalities like ultrasound and bracing, this episode covers the essential updates every physical therapist needs to know.

Key Show Notes & Takeaways:

• Manual Therapy Matters: Clinicians should utilize soft tissue and joint mobilization, including both high- and low-force long-axis distraction and mobilization with movement. These techniques are strongly recommended to increase range of motion, decrease pain, and improve overall function. Therapists are encouraged to modify their force amplitude based on the patient's specific bony hip morphology and tissue irritability.
• Exercise Prescription & Dosing: Individualized exercise programs (including aquatic therapy) are vital. The updated guidelines recommend a specific dosage: 1 to 5 times per week, lasting 30 to 120 minutes per session, over a duration of 5 to 16 weeks.
• New Evidence for Dry Needling: The 2025 CPG introduces a strong recommendation for dry needling. Targeting myofascial trigger points in the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, and gluteus medius/minimus provides short-term (3-week) improvements in pain, muscle extensibility, and force production for patients with Grades II and III hip OA.
• Patient Education & Weight Management: Education should go beyond just giving advice. Clinicians should integrate internet-based pain coping skills training alongside manual therapy and exercise. Additionally, for overweight or obese patients, physical therapists should actively collaborate with physicians and dietitians to support a targeted weight loss of 5%–7.5%.
• Modalities and Bracing – What to Avoid:
• Bracing should not be used as a first-line treatment, though it can be considered if exercise and manual therapy fail to improve activities requiring pivoting.
• Therapeutic Ultrasound has conflicting evidence regarding its efficacy. It may be used in shared decision-making, but patients must be informed about its questionable benefits and potential costs.

References & Resources:

• Koc, T. A., et al. (2025). Hip Pain and Mobility Deficits—Hip Osteoarthritis: Revision 2025. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 55(11), CPG1-CPG31.

• What it is:
• Sprain/tear of the MCL from valgus force or lateral blow.
• Classic signs:
• Medial knee pain
• Pain with valgus stress
• Local tenderness
• Mild swelling
• Lateral blow mechanism
• Rule-in test:
• Valgus Stress Test at 30°
• Rule-out clues:
• Pop + immediate swelling → ACL
• Locking → Meniscus
• Posterior sag → PCL
• NPTE trap:
• Valgus force + medial pain = MCL. Full stop.
• Best treatment:
• ROM, quad/hip strength, bracing, progressive load.

Mock question included. Listen in and lock it down.

• What it is:
• Injury to the medial or lateral meniscus — the knee’s shock-absorbing cartilage — often caused by twisting or deep flexion.
• Classic signs:
• Joint line pain
• Locking or catching
• Clicking
• Delayed swelling (24–48 hours)
• Pain with squatting/twisting
• Rule-in test:
• McMurray test (NPTE’s go-to)
• Rule-out clues:
• Immediate swelling → ACL
• Posterior sag → PCL
• Medial tenderness → MCL
• NPTE trap:
• Locking/catching = meniscus, even if the question tries to distract you.
• Best treatment:
• ROM, swelling reduction, quads/hip strength, progressive loading.
• Mock question included: Yes.

Lock down meniscus tears in under 3 minutes. Hit follow for more NPTE wins.

• What it is: Otoconia displaced into a semicircular canal (ear crystals where they shouldn’t be).
• Classic signs: Brief vertigo (<60 sec), triggered by position changes, upbeating torsional nystagmus, no hearing loss.
• Rule-in test: Dix-Hallpike.
• Rule-out clues: Long-lasting vertigo, neuro deficits, hearing symptoms → think neuritis/Ménière’s.
• NPTE trap: Nystagmus >60 seconds = NOT typical BPPV (think cupulolithiasis).
• Best treatment: Epley every. single. time.
• Mock question included: Yes — test yourself before you move on.

Listen in and pass this question forever in under 3 minutes.

More NPTE wins every week — hit follow.

• What it is:
• Non-mechanical symptoms raising suspicion for malignancy.
• Classic signs:
• Night pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Constant, deep ache
• No mechanical pattern
• History of cancer
• Rule-in test:
• None — this is a screening cluster.
• Rule-out clues:
• Pain that changes with movement or position.
• NPTE trap:
• Night pain + weight loss = refer immediately.
• Best treatment:
• Medical referral, not PT.

• What it is:
• Injury to the posterior cruciate ligament from excessive posterior translation of the tibia — often from dashboard impact or falling on a flexed knee.
• Classic signs:
• Posterior sag sign
• Posterior knee pain
• Difficulty descending stairs
• Instability (less dramatic than ACL)
• Dashboard injury mechanism
• Rule-in test:
• Posterior Drawer Test (NPTE’s favorite)
• Rule-out clues:
• Immediate swelling → ACL
• Locking/catching → Meniscus
• Medial tenderness → MCL
• NPTE trap:
• “Dashboard injury” = PCL. Never ignore it.
• Best treatment:
• ROM, quad strength, avoid early hamstring loading.
• Mock question included: Yes.

Lock down PCL injuries in under 3 minutes. Hit follow for more NPTE wins.

• What it is:
• ACL failure from excessive anterior tibial translation — basically the tibia tries to run off and the ACL can’t hold the line.
• Classic signs:
• Pop
• Immediate swelling (1–2 hours)
• Pivot / cutting mechanism
• Instability
• Difficulty weight-bearing
• Rule-in test:
• Lachman test — NPTE’s #1.
• Rule-out clues:
• Slow swelling → Meniscus
• Posterior sag → PCL
• Medial pain → MCL
• NPTE trap:
• Delayed swelling means NOT ACL.
• Best treatment:
• Early ROM, quads, swelling control, gait normalized.
• Mock question included: Yes — test yourself before you move on.

Lock down ACLs in under 3 minutes. Hit follow for more NPTE wins.

You studied and passed the NPTE!

CONGRATS!

Um... now what?

Our 3 hosts give you advice on what to do NOW that you did the thing you set out to do in the first place!

Finding a job

Networking

Self Assessment

Welcome back to NPTE Studycast, your indispensable guide for mastering the NPTE! In this episode, we're diving deep into Parkinson's Disease—a subject crucial not just for the NPTE but also for your real-world clinical practice. Listen in to expand your understanding and enhance your skills in addressing this complex condition.

Rachele Burriesci of All Things Cardio Pulm dives into the essential topic of sublingual nitroglycerin, specifically tailored for physical therapy students gearing up for the NPTE (National Physical Therapy Examination) exam. Join us as we explore the ins and outs of this medication, its clinical applications, and its implications in the context of physical therapy practice.

Episode Highlights:

• Overview of sublingual nitroglycerin: We provide a comprehensive introduction to sublingual nitroglycerin, discussing its pharmacological properties, mechanism of action, and common indications.
• Understanding angina and cardiovascular conditions: Learn about the pathophysiology of angina, different types of angina, and how sublingual nitroglycerin is utilized as a primary treatment for angina and other cardiovascular conditions.
• Clinical considerations for physical therapists: Discover the role of physical therapists in managing patients who use sublingual nitroglycerin, including safety precautions, monitoring, and potential contraindications.
• Interprofessional collaboration: Explore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration when working with patients on sublingual nitroglycerin, highlighting the significance of effective communication and shared decision-making.
• NPTE exam preparation tips: We provide valuable insights and strategies to help physical therapy students effectively study and master the topic of sublingual nitroglycerin for the NPTE exam.

In this episode, Dr. Burriesci breaks down sublingual nitroglycerin. She gives the need-to-know facts, safety considerations and important education tips for your patients.

In This Episode

• MOA of Sublingual Nitro
• Indications of Nitro
• Side effects of Nitro
• How to take Nitro
• 3 Rules of Nitro
• Safety Considerations 

Find Dr. Burriesci on:

IG: @all_things_cardiopulm

Website: https://www.allthingscardiopulm.com

Podcast: Talking All Things Cardiopulm

Twitter: @allcardiopulm

Angina - It’s Not just chest pain

Dive into understanding Angina with Dr. Rachele Burriesci, as she breaks down the pathophysiologic cause of angina, describes the 3 most common types and what you as a physical therapist should be aware of in its description in order to differentiate from other types of chest pain.

In this episode:

• Atherosclerosis
• Define Angina
• Describe Angina
• 3 Types of Angina
• How to differentiate Angina

Find Dr. Burriesci on:

IG: @all_things_cardiopulm

Website: https://www.allthingscardiopulm.com

In today's episode, we're going to talk about the key factors that every physical therapist should consider when looking for a new job.

Keri Ammons, Director of Talent Acquisition at ATI explains that finding a place where you can grow with the company is essential. Look for a company that offers various paths within the organization to satisfy different interests. Whether it's IT, project management, research, or HR, there should be enough room for career growth.

She also notes that the highest offer isn't always the best offer. While money is a significant factor, don't overlook other important things like a 401k, medical benefits, and time away. It's important to consider the entire package before accepting an offer.

Mentorship is also critical in a new job. Keri encourages candidates to ask companies to define their mentorship program and if there's a structured approach. Knowing what mentorship means to you and what you're looking for is important in finding a company that aligns with your values.

Finally, Keri talks about work-life balance. Patients need us to be flexible, and clinicians need to find a schedule that works for them. Whether it's getting out at 5 every day to make it to your rec softball league on Tuesday or working on Saturdays because that's when you have childcare, finding a work schedule that aligns with your needs is crucial.

Keri ends the episode by highlighting that ATI PT is one of the leaders in clinical research within the PT profession. With all 900+ ATI clinics placing in the 100th percentile in CMS's Merit-Based Incentive Program for the second consecutive year, it's clear that ATI PT is a great place to work.

If you're looking to jumpstart your career and join a team that values career growth, mentorship, work-life balance, and clinical research, head to ATIpt.com to learn more about job opportunities at ATI.

Dr. Burriesci gives you the quick and dirty techniques to calculate rate on ECG and tips on how to determine a 6 second strip. She describes 4 different methods to determine rate and helps determine which technique to choose and why. Dive into this episode to get better at calculating rate and/or refresh your skills. Happy Practicing!

In this episode:

• ECG paper importance
• How to determine a 6-sec strip
• Discuss 4 methods to determine rate on ECG
• Learn the mantra
• Best methods for calculating regular vs irregular rates

Find Dr. Burriesci on:

IG: @all_things_cardiopulm

Website: https://www.allthingscardiopulm.com

In this comprehensive episode, we dive deep into the world of hip pathologies, providing you with an essential guide to prepare for the NPTE Exam. We'll cover the most common hip conditions, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options, as well as key clinical concepts and examination techniques that you need to know. Professor Matthew Condo provides insight and practical tips that will help you gain a solid understanding of hip pathologies and boost your confidence as you approach the NPTE Exam. Don't miss this opportunity to enhance your knowledge and improve your test-taking skills. Subscribe to our channel for more valuable content on physical therapy and exam preparation!

In 2002, Dr. Matthew Condo earned a Bachelor of Science degree from The Ohio State University. He then pursued further studies and obtained a Doctorate of Physical Therapy from the University of St. Augustine in 2015, followed by a Doctorate of Education from the same institution in 2019. For his doctoral dissertation, Dr. Condo delved into the qualitative aspects of clinical reasoning in physical therapy. He has contributed to the field of medical science education by publishing his research in Medical Science Educator and presenting multiple peer-reviewed posters and presentations at the state, regional, and national levels. Dr. Condo's research interests revolve around identifying best practices in healthcare education delivery.

Are you struggling to understand electrical conduction for the NPTE exam? Look no further! In this video, we'll guide you through the ins and outs of electrical conduction, from the basics to the more complex concepts. We'll show you how to identify different types of conductors and insulators, and explain how conductivity is affected by factors such as temperature and material properties. We'll also cover Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, and demonstrate how to apply them to solve problems. With our clear explanations and practical examples, you'll gain the knowledge and confidence you need to excel on the NPTE exam. So, whether you're a visual learner or prefer a more hands-on approach, join us for this comprehensive guide to mastering electrical conduction for NPTE study prep!

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Matthew Condo, PT, DPT, EdD covers hand deformities that frequently show up on the NPTE

Find out more about Matt here

Learn the Mechanics of Breathing from Rachele Burriesci, PT, DPT, CCS, GCS

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Heart ❤️ and Lungs

Heart ❤️ and Lungs

Axilla, Brachial Plexus and Arm NPTE Trivia Review

Axilla, Brachial Plexus and Arm NPTE Trivia Review

Anatomy Trivia to help you prepare for the NPTE with Matthew Condo of Methodist University

Anatomy Trivia to help you prepare for the NPTE with Matthew Condo of Methodist University

Pediatric Milestones with Sarah Falbo from GRADitude

Pediatric Milestones with Sarah Falbo from GRADitude

Sarah Falbo of GRADitude podcast sharing insight on BURNS for the NPTE

Sarah Falbo of GRADitude podcast sharing insight on BURNS for the NPTE

The final round of the clash of the craniums anatomy trivia night!

The final round of the clash of the craniums anatomy trivia night!

Round 3 of 4 of the Clash of the Craniums Anatomy Trivia

Round 3 of 4 of the Clash of the Craniums Anatomy Trivia

The second of four rounds of anatomy trivia as part of our Clash of the Craniums Broadcast.

The second of four rounds of anatomy trivia as part of our Clash of the Craniums Broadcast.

Thanks to Matt Condo, professor from Methodist University for helping us put on this inaugural trivia night of CLASH OF THE CRANIUMS!

Thanks to Matt Condo, professor from Methodist University for helping us put on this inaugural trivia night of CLASH OF THE CRANIUMS!