Explorez tous les épisodes du podcast MedMaster by NURSING.com

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lactulose

Kristalose

Constipation, portal-systemic encephalopathy

draws water into the stool and softens stool, inhibits ammonia passing into the colon

laxative

osmotic

• use caution with DM
• may cause cramps, abdominal distention, hyperglycemia
• assess mental status, ammonia levels, abdominal distention
• patient should average 2-3 bowel movements per day

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ketorolac

Toradol

pain

pain relief due to prostaglandin inhibition by blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics

pyrroziline carboxylic acid

• may cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsiness
• should not exceed 5 days of therapy
• bleeding risk increased with garlic, ginger, and ginkgo
• may decrease effectiveness of hypertensive medications and diuretics

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isoniazide

INH

tuberculosis

Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall

Antitubercular

none

• can cause jaundice
• may cause peripheral neuropathy, seizures, hepatitis
• patient should avoid high amounts of tyramine (pickled meats, aged/smoked meats, alcohol, exotic/aged cheese)
• monitor liver function tests
• complete full course of therapy (6-12 months)
• often used in combination with Rifampin

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radioactive iodine

none

thyroidectomy pretreatment, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure

inhibits the release of thyroid hormones

Antithyroid Agent, control of hyperthyroidism

none

• may cause GI bleeding, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, goiter
• monitor for hypersensitivity

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Insulin Regular

Humulin R/Novolin R

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein

antidiabetics, hormones

pancreatics

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

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Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine

Novolog, Humalog, Apidra

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein

antidiabetics, hormones

pancreatics

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

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Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine

Levemir, Lantus

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein

antidiabetics, hormones

pancreatics

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Insulin NPH

Humulin N, Novolin N

hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis

stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein

antidiabetics, hormones

pancreatics

• assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

indomethacin

Indocin

Inflammatory disorders when patients do not respond to other medications

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

antirheumatics, ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

none

• monitor for hepatitis and GI bleeding
• monitor for dizziness, drowsiness, and headache
• assess for anaphylactic reaction
• aspirin may decrease effectiveness
• monitor renal labs
• shake suspension before administration
• patient should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to protect against photosensitivity

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Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

ibuprofen

Advil / Motrin

Mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states

Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins

antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

nonopioid analgesics

• may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• may cause anaphylaxis
• monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation
• therapy should be discontinued after first sign of rash
• monitor renal and liver labs
• patient should avoid using alcohol

hydromorphone

Dilaudid

moderate to severe pain

alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex

Opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive

opioid agonist

• Assess BP, respirations, and pulse before and during administration – medication causes general
CNS depression
• Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose
• use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other
• may be used as an antitussive
• advised to dilute with NS prior to administration and to administer slowly to decrease CNS
depression

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Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

hydrocodone/acetaminophen

Vicodin, Lortab, Norco

management of moderate to severe pain

alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex

opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive

opioid agonists, nonopioid analgesic combinations

• use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other
• hypotension – monitor hemodynamics and respirations after administering
• may increase ICP use caution with head trauma
• Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose
• DO NOT exceed 4g of acetaminophen per day

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hydralazine

Apresoline

hypertension

arterial vasodilation by unclarified mechanism

anti-hypertensive

vasodilator

• may cause tachycardia, sodium retention, arrhythmias, angina
• use caution with MAOIs
• monitor blood pressure
• instruct patient on how to take blood pressure

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

haloperidol

Haldol

Schizophrenia, mania, aggressive and agitated patient

Alters the effect of dopamine

Antipsychotic

butyrophenones

• extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia
• use caution in QT prolongation
• may cause seizures, constipation, dry mouth, agranulosytosis
• assess for hallucinations
• monitor hemodynamics
• monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and
autonomic dysfunction)
• monitor CBC with differential

guaifenesin

Mucinex

Cough suppression, expectorant

Decreases viscosity of and mobilizes secretions

allergy, cold and cough remedies, expectorant

none

• patient should avoid over the counter cold medications
• assess lung sounds
• maintain adequate fluid intake

Glipizide

Glucotrol

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Stimulates release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreases and leads to increased sensitivity to insulin

Anti-diabetic

Sulfonylureas

• May cause aplastic anemias, hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, diarrhea
• Monitor CBC, assess for allergy to sulfonamides
• Beta blockers may increase signs of hypoglycemia
• Instruct patient on how to check blood sugars and
• Instruct patient on importance of carrying source of sugar in case of
hypoglycemia

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Gentamicin

Cidomycin

Treatment of gram negative infections when penicillin is ineffective

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Anti-infectives

Aminoglycoside

• Causes tinnitus-hearing loss/do not administer with penicillin
• Use caution in renal impairment
• Assess for infection
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
• Monitor blood levels of drug

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Gabapentin

Neurontin

Seizures, peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, prevention of migraines

Exact method of action unknown, may play a role in stabilizing neural membranes

Analgesic adjuncts, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers

None

• May cause suicidal thoughts, confusion, depression, drowsiness, ataxia, facial
edema, hypertension
• Monitor pt closely for changes in behavior and depression
• Assess seizure activity
• Assess pain level
• Patient should take medications exactly as prescribed

Furosemide

Lasix

Edema, hypertension

Prevents reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, increase excretion of
water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium

Diuretics

Loop diuretics

• Use caution with liver disease
• May cause hypotension, dry mouth, excessive urination, dehydration,
electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic alkalosis
• Hypokalemia may lead to increase risk of digoxin toxicity
• Monitor renal panel
• Use caution with other antihypertensives
• Causes arthritic symptoms/do not administer with aminoglycosides due to
ototoxicity

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Fluticasone

Flovent, Flonase

prophylactic asthma treatment

locally acting anti-inflammatory

antiasthmatics, anti-inflammatory (steroid)

Corticosteroids, Inhalation

• use cautiously with untreated infections and suppressed immune function
• may cause headache, insomnia, bronchospasm, nasal congestion, adrenal suppression
• monitor patient’s respiratory status
• may lead to decreased bone density
• instruct patients using corticosteroids and bronchodilators that they need to use
bronchodilators first.
• instruct patient to stop smoking

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Fluoxetine

Prozac

Depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder, bipolar, anorexia, ADHD, DM
neuropathy, obesity

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin allowing it to persist longer in the synaptic cleft

Antidepressant

SSRI

• Do not use while taking MAOIs
• May cause suicidal thoughts, drowsiness, anxiety, sexual dysfunction,
insomnia, palpitations
• Monitor closely for serotonin syndrome
• Concurrent use with certain medications may lead to QT prolongation
• Monitor mood changes and assess for suicidal ideation
• Monitor nutrition status
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
• Instruct pt to maintain good oral hygiene

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Ferrous sulfate

Feosol

Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia

Iron is essential for hemoglobin, myoglobin and enzymes, it is transported to
organs where it becomes part of iron stores

Antianemics

Iron supplements

• May cause seizures, hypotension, constipation, epigastric pain, diarrhea, skin
staining, anaphylaxis
• Assess nutritional status, bowel function
• Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron levels
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
• Take on an empty stomach to increase absorption/vitamin c helps with
absorption
• Use z-track for IM injections

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Fentanyl

Sublimaze

Supplement to general anesthesia, continuous IV infusion for purpose of analgesia

Binds to opiate receptors in CNS altering perception of pain, producing CNS
depression

Opioid Analgesic

Opioid agonists

• Use caution with increased ICP, head trauma, adrenal insufficiency
• Avoid use with MAOIs
• May cause apnea, laryngospasm, decreased respirations, bradycardia,
hypotension
• Do not consume grapefruit while taking this medication
• Monitor hemodynamics during administration
• Assess patient pain scale frequently

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Famotidine

Pepcid

Short term treatment of active ulcer, GERD, treatment of heartburn, indigestion,
management of Zollinger Ellison syndrome, prevention of GI bleeding in critically
ill patients, management of symptoms associated with overuse of NSAIDs

Blocks action of histamine located in gastric parietal cells, inhibits gastric acid
secretion

Antiulcer agent

Histamine H2 antagonist

• May cause arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemias
• Assess for abdominal pain and occult blood
• Monitor CBC
• Instruct pt to increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation

Escitalopram

Lexapro

Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, PCD, PTSD, social phobia

Increases the extracellular levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft by selectively
inhibiting its reuptake

Antidepressant

SSRI

• Contraindicated with MAOI
• May cause suicidal thoughts, insomnia, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea,
serotonin syndrome
• May cause QT prolongation with certain medications
• Assess for sexual dysfunction
• May take 4-6 weeks for full affect to take place
• Monitor for serotonin syndrome (mental changes, NV, tachycardia,
hyperthermia)

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Erythromycin

E-Mycin

Useful in place of penicillin when patient cannot take penicillin, upper and lower
respiratory tract infections, otitis media, skin infections, pertussis, syphilis,
rheumatic fever

Bacteriostatic: suppresses bacterial protein synthesis

Anti-infective

Macrolide

• Causes QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias
• Diarrhea
• Asses infection
• Monitor liver function tests
• Instruct patient to finish medication dosage even if they are feeling better
• Medication should not be shared

Epoetin

Epogen

Anemia

Stimulates erythropoiesis (production of RBCs)

Antianemic

Hormones

• Assess dialysis shunts
• Contraindicated in albumin hypersensitivity
• May cause
  • Seizures
  • CHF
  • MI
  • CVA
  • Hypertension
• Do not shake vial
• Initiate seizure precautions
• Monitor
  • Bleeding times
  • Signs of anemia

Epinephrine

Adrenalin, EpiPen

Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct

Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties resulting in bron-
chodilation and increases in HR and BP. Inhibits hypersensitivity reactions.

Antiasthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor

Adrenergic agonist

• Side effects include: angina, tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness,
nervousness, hyperglycemia
• Use with MAOI may lead to hypertensive crisis
• Patients should not use stimulants (caffeine, guarana, etc)
• Excessive use may cause bronchospasm
• Assess lung sounds, pulse, BP, and other hemodynamic parameters
• Monitor for chest pain
• Instruct patient to use as directed
• Patient should insure adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
• Mouth should be rinsed after inhalation
• Beta blockers may negate effects
• May increase blood glucose levels

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Enoxaparin

Lovenox

Prevention of VTE, DVT, and PE

Prevents thrombus formation by potentiating the inhibitory effect of antithrom-
bin on factor Xa and thrombin. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin.

Anticoagulant

Antithrombotic

• Contraindicated in pork hypersensitivity
• Monitor for signs of bleeding
• Administer in subcutaneous tissue
• DO NOT eject air bubble prior to injection
• DO NOT aspirate or massage site

Enalapril

Vasotec

hypertension, management of CHF

Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and
decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation

Antihypertensives

ACE Inhibitor

• May cause hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and angioedema (swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat)

• Can cause neutropenia – check WBCs regularly

• Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics.
• Use cautiously with diuretic therapy
• Administer 1 hour before meals
• Monitor blood pressure often
• Monitor weight and fluid status
• Monitor renal profile
• Monitor CBC frequently
• Dry cough

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dopamine

Inotropin

used to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, and urine output

Smaller doses result in renal vasodilation
Doses 2-10mcg/kg/min result in cardiac stimulation by acting on beta1 receptors
Doses >10mcg/kg/min stimulate alpha receptors leading to vasoconstriction (↑SVR)

inotropic, vasopressor

adrenergic

• Monitor hemodynamics closely: BP, HR, EKG, CVP, and PAOP if available
• Obtain parameters for hemodynamic values
• Titrate to obtain appropriate BP (more potent vasoconstrictors may be required)
• Irritation may occur at IV site
• Beta blockers may counteract therapeutic effects

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Dobutamine

Dobutrex

Short term management of heart failure

Dobutamine has a positive inotropic effect (increases cardiac output) with very
little effect on heart rate. Stimulates Beta1 receptors in the heart.

Inotropic

Beta-adrenergic agonist

• Monitor hemodynamics: hypertension, ↑HR, PVCs
• Skin reactions may occur with hypersensitivity
• Beta blockers may negate therapeutic effects of dobutamine
• Monitor cardiac output
• Monitor peripheral pulses before, during, and after therapy
• DO NOT confuse dobutamine with dopamine

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Divalproex

Depakote

Seizures, manic episodes, prevention of headache

Increases the level of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) in CNS

Anticonvulsant, vascular headache suppressants

None

• May cause suicidal thoughts, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, hepatotoxicity,
pancreatitis
• Increases risk for bleeding with Warfarin
• Use caution with MAOIs
• Monitor liver function tests

Diphenoxylate/atropine

Lomotil

Treatment for diarrhea

Inhibits GI motility via anticholinergic effects

Antidiarrheal

Anticholinergic

• Contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma, dehydration
• Structurally related to opioids so use caution with patients that have allergies to opioids
• May cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, ileus
• Monitor liver function as the medication is excreted by the liver
• Ensure that client is taking medication as prescribed and not double dosing

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Diphenhydramine

Benadryl

Allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation, motion sickness, antitussive

Antagonizes effects of histamine, CNS depression

Allergy, cold and cough remedy, antihistamine, antitussive

Antihistamine

• May cause drowsiness, anorexia, dry mouth, nausea, chest tightness, thick
secretions, hypotension, blurred vision, headache
• Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, sedation)
• Assess purpose of medication prior to giving it
• Assess allergies, sleep patterns, cough and lung sounds
• Patient should avoid other over-the-counter cough and cold remedies

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Diltiazem

Cardizem

Hypertension, angina, SVT, AFib, aflutter

Inhibits calcium transport resulting in inhibition of excitation and contraction,
leads to depression of AV and SA node leading to decreased HR, leads to vasodi-
latation and decreased blood pressure.

Antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensive

Ca Channel Blocker (Benzothiazepine)

• Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd AV block
• May cause arrhythmias, CHF, bradycardia, peripheral edema, gingival
hyperplasia
• Increases digoxin levels
• Don’t drink grapefruit juice
• Assess for signs of CHF
• Monitor EKG continuously
• Tell patient to change positions slowly
• Monitor serum potassium
• Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure

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Digoxin

Lanoxin

CHF, AFib, A-flutter

Positive inotropic effect (increases force of myocardial contraction), prolongs
refractory period, ↓ conduction through SA and AV nodes. Essentially digoxin is
given to increase cardiac output and slow the rate.

Antiarrhythmic, inotropics

Digitalis glycosides

• Excreted by kidneys
• Assess patient for hypersensitivity
• Contraindicated with uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias
• Hypokalemia increase risk for toxicity
• Hypercalcemia ↑ risk for toxicity
• Use caution with diuretic use as they may cause electrolyte abnormalities
that can lead to toxicity
• Assess patient for cardiac arrhythmias including bradycardia
• Signs of toxicity include vision changes (blurred vision, yellow, green vision
disturbances)
• Monitor pulse rate for 1 full minute prior to dosing patient (hold for pulse <60)

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Diazepam

Valium

Anxiety, pre-op sedation, conscious sedation, treatment of seizures, insomnia,
management of alcohol withdrawal

Decreases the effects of voltage gated sodium channels to depresses the CNS

Antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics, skeletal muscle relax-
ants (centrally acting)

Benzodiazepine

• Contraindicated in hepatic dysfunction
• Use caution with renal impairment
• Can cause dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hypotension, physical depen-
dence, tolerance
• Instruct patient to take as directed
• Caution to avoid alcohol use
• Flumazenil (Romazicon) is the reversal agent

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Dexamethasone

Decadron

Manage cerebral edema, assess for Cushing’s Disease

Suppress inflammation and normal immune response. Used in inflammatory states
to decrease inflammation.

Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids

Corticosteroids

• Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile
• Avoid in active untreated infections
• May cause CNS alterations
• May cause peptic ulcers
• May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face)
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Decrease wound healing
• May elevate blood sugars
• May increase cholesterol and lipid values

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SOCK Method

• S – Side Effects
• O – Organs
• C – Class/Considerations/Cards
• K – Know (or Must Know)
• The Correct Order

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Cyclosporine

Sandimmune

Prevention of rejection in transplantation, treatment of severe RA, management
of ulcerative colitis

Inhibits normal immune response primarily by decreasing the activity of T cells

Immunosuppressant, antirheumatics (DMARD)

Polypeptides (cyclic)

• May cause seizures, tremors, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, N/V,
gingival hyperplasia
• Increases immune suppression with corticosteroids
• Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medications
• Assess for signs of organ rejection
• Monitor renal panel, liver enzymes
• Take medication as directed
• Lifelong therapy required for transplant patients
• Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Cortisone

Cortone

Management of adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s Disease). Replace cortisol
in states of deficiency, suppress inflammation and normal immune response.

The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys.
The adrenal glands excrete steroid hormones, including cortisol that play a role in
increasing blood sugars, immune suppression, and metabolism of fat, protein, and
carbohydrates, as well as decreasing bone formation.

Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids

Corticosteroids

• Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile
• Avoid in active untreated infections
• May cause CNS alterations
• May cause peptic ulcers
• May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face)
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Decrease wound healing
• May elevate blood sugars
• May increase cholesterol and lipid values

Codeine

Paveral

Management of pain, diarrhea, cough suppressant

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS. This depression also causes a decrease in the cough reflex and GI motility.

Allergy, cold, cough remedy, antitussive, opioid analgesic

Opioid agonist

• May cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea,
vomiting
• Assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently
during administration
• Use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors
• Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Clopidogrel

Plavix

Atherosclerotic events, MI, CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Antiplatelet agent

Platelet aggregation inhibitors

• May cause GI bleeding, neutropenia, hypercholesterolemia
• May increase risk for bleeding in warfarin, aspirin, heparin
• Can increase risk for bleeding with garlic, ginkgo, ginger
• Monitor for signs of bleeding
• Monitor bleeding times
• Monitor CBC and platelet count
• Discontinue use 5-7 days before surgery

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Clindamycin

Cleocin

Skin infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal infections,
osteomyelitis

Bacteriostatic: inhibits protein synthesis

Anti-infectives

Lincosamide

• Arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis
• Monitor bowel function
• Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
• Monitor CBC

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Ciprofloxacin

Cipro

Urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis,
pneumonia, skin and bone infections, infectious diarrhea, abdominal infections

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

Anti-infectives

Fluoroquinolone

• Contraindicated in allergies
• May cause QT prolongation, avoid use with other drugs that can cause QT
prolongation
• Can cause seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis,
Stevens Johnson syndrome
• May decrease effects of phenytoin
• Monitor renal panel
• Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Cimetidine

Tagamet

Treatment of duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Zollinger Ellison syndrome,
prevention of GI bleeding in critical patients.

Inhibits action of histamine leading to inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Antiulcer agent

Histamine H2 antagonist

• Increases serum level of warfarin
• Can lead to respiratory infection (green sputum)
• Monitor for arrhythmias
• May cause agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
• Monitor CBC during therapy
• Take medication as directed
• Instruct patient to increase fluid and fiber intake to decrease constipation

Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"

Chlorpromazine

Thorazine

Second line treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis, nausea/vomiting, pre-op
sedation, acute intermittent porphyria, headache, bipolar

Exhibits anticholinergic activity, alters effects of dopamine in CNS

Antipsychotic, antiemetic

Phenothiazines (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist)

• May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, sedation, tardive dyskinesia,
hypotension, agranulocytosis
• Assess mental status prior to and during treatment
• Monitor blood pressure
• Ensure patient is taking medication
• Monitor CBC and liver function tests
• Instruct patient not to skip doses or double dose.