In this weekly roundup, JAMA Medical News Director Jennifer Abbasi and Lead Senior Staff Writer Rita Rubin discuss "MASLD—The Chronic Liver Disease That Affects Tens of Millions of US Adults but Flies Under the Radar" and more.

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• Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults
• MASLD—The Chronic Liver Disease That Affects Tens of Millions of US Adults but Flies Under the Radar

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In this weekly roundup, JAMA Medical News Director Jennifer Abbasi and Staff Writer Samantha Anderer discuss "Peanut Allergies Appear to Be on the Decline Following Early Introduction Guidelines" and more.

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The Effects of Newly Changed Guidance on COVID-19 Shots During Pregnancy; Heart Disease Deaths Have Changed; Progress Toward a Norovirus Vaccine

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What to Know About the First Pill Approved for Postpartum Depression; Will the Updated COVID Vaccines Protect Against the New Variant? CDC Assesses Risk From BA.2.86, Highly Mutated COVID-19 Variant

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Treating Long COVID's Mental Health Symptoms in Primary Care; This Fall's COVID-19 Vaccine Will Target Omicron XBB Subvariants—Who Needs to Get It; Avian Influenza Update

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Data on a new crop of hormone analogues for weight loss—including an oral version of semaglutide and the triple agent retatrutide—were recently presented at the American Diabetes Association's annual Scientific Sessions. Robert Gabbay, MD, PhD, the ADA's chief scientific and medical officer, speaks with JAMA's Jennifer Abbasi about this and other clinical data presented at the meeting.

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• New Weight Loss Drugs Make Headlines at Diabetes Meeting

The 2021 US maternal mortality rate is more than 10 times the rate of other high-income countries, according to a March 2023 CDC report. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, is joined by Monica McLemore, PhD, MPH, RN, University of Washington, Audra Meadows, MD, MPH, UC San Diego, and Joia Crear-Perry, MD, founder and president of the National Birth Equity Collaborative, to discuss these concerning numbers and why preventable death rates are worsening in the US.

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Sugar Substitutes Don't Help Weight Control and May Increase Risk of Heart Disease and Diabetes, WHO Warns; Social Media and the Youth Mental Health Crisis

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JAMA Deputy Editor and JAMA Oncology Editor Mary (Nora) L. Disis, MD, speaks with Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, chair of the meeting's Scientific Program Committee and associate chief of the Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

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JAMA Senior Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Debra Boyer, MD, MHPE, about important research studies and keynote addresses presented at the American Thoracic Society International Conference in May 2023. Dr Boyer is a pediatric pulmonologist and chief medical education officer at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, and was cochair of this year's conference.

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What Clinicians Need to Know About "Tranq"; As Laws Restricting Health Care Surge, Some US Physicians Choose Between Fight or Flight

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JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, talks with American Academy of Neurology president-elect and meeting science committee chair Natalia Rost, MD, about hot topics at this year's conference in Boston, including new Alzheimer disease drugs, long COVID and the central nervous system, and a nasal spray for migraines.

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More than 14 000 infectious diseases physicians, clinical microbiologists, and public health professionals gathered in Copenhagen, Denmark, in April for the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), Europe's largest infectious diseases conference. In this Medical News Q&A, JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses highlights from the congress with Jacob Moran-Gilad, MD, MPH, ECCMID program director.

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In this follow-up to a 2017 interview with JAMA Medical News, the University of Southern California's Maja Matarić, PhD, the computer scientist who pioneered the field of socially assistive robotics, discusses how artificial intelligence is advancing the field in areas ranging from autism to physical rehabilitation to anxiety and depression.

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As Ozempic's Popularity Soars, Here's What to Know About Semaglutide and Weight Loss; Implementation Science Seeks to Translate Research Into Practice; What a Study of Hibernating Bears Tells Us About Deep Vein Thrombosis

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Physicians Say an Idaho House Bill That Would Criminalize Administering mRNA Vaccines Is an Attack on the Medical Profession—Even If It Doesn't Become Law; The Debate Over Whether to Make Daylight Saving or Standard Time Permanent; Expanded Family Leave Policies May Ease Burden for Residents

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• Expanded Family Leave Policies May Ease Burden for Residents
• Cut Calories, Lengthen Life Span? Randomized Trial Uncovers Evidence That Calorie Restriction Might Slow Aging, but Questions Remain
• Highlights From the American College of Cardiology's 2023 Scientific Session: the Ketogenic Diet and Cardiac Events, a Wearable Sensor to Predict Troponin Levels, Bempedoic Acid for Statin Intolerance, and More
• Former NIH Director Francis S. Collins on the New White House Plan to Eliminate Hepatitis C

JAMA Medical News Senior Staff Writer Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ, speaks with Douglas Drachman, MD, about late-breaking research discussed at the annual conference of the American College of Cardiology and World Congress of Cardiology. Dr Drachman—who chaired this year's conference—is an interventional cardiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, where he is also director of education in the cardiology division.

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More than 2 million individuals in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C, and nearly 15 000 die every year. Antivirals are available but are not reaching the majority of infected individuals. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, and Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, discuss a plan to eliminate hepatitis C included in the Biden-Harris 2024 budget proposal.

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• After 12 Years, NIH Director Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, Seeks His Next Chapter
• After 12 Years, NIH Director Francis S. Collins Seeks His Next Chapter

Conference clinical cochair Diane Havlir, MD, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, sits down with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, about research highlights presented at the 30th annual CROI, held in Seattle. The infectious disease experts discuss postexposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections, a new protease inhibitor for COVID-19, goals for preventing HIV transmission, and more.

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Bird Flu Has Begun to Spread in Mammals—Here's What's Important to Know; Questions Remain About What Should Go Into Annual COVID-19 Vaccines; Long COVID Linked With Unemployment in New Analysis; As Superbugs Flourish, Bacteriophage Therapy Recaptures Researchers' Interest.

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We're revisiting this 2017 episode—with updates! The episode is an interview with Robert T. "Chip" Schooley, MD, a professor of medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health at the University of California, San Diego, and codirector of the school's Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics. Dr Schooley discusses the unique events that led to the first use of intravenous phage therapy in North America. Stay tuned to the end for an update on phage therapy and on Thomas Patterson, the patient who received the lifesaving treatment.

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Large Cohort Study Finds Possible Association Between Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and COVID-19 Vaccination but Far Stronger Link With SARS-CoV-2 Infection; From Thought to Text: How an Endovascular Brain-Computer Interface Could Help Patients With Severe Paralysis Communicate

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• Study: Short Spurts of Vigorous Physical Activity During Daily Life Are Associated With Lower Mortality
• Ceasefire Declared, but Ethiopian Health Systems Remain in Critical Condition After Civil War

Telemedicine Rollbacks—Why Providing Care Across State Lines Is No Longer as Simple as It Was Early in the Pandemic; Amid Ohio Measles Outbreak, New Global Report Warns of Decreased Vaccination During COVID-19 Pandemic; Will the New CDC Opioid Prescribing Guidelines Help Correct the Course in Pain Care?

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Trying to Predict What the COVID-19 Pandemic Might Look Like This Winter in the US; "This Is Our COVID"—What Physicians Need to Know About the Pediatric RSV Surge; Conflict and Climate Collide to Create an Acute Hunger Crisis for an Unprecedented 345 Million People.

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• Highlights From the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2022—COVID-19's Ripple Effects, a Triglyceride Disappointment, Gene Editing Advances, and More
• Highlights From Infectious Disease Week 2022—COVID-19, HIV, Monkeypox, and Polio
• After the First Pig-to-Human Heart Transplant, Scientists Look to the Future of Cardiac Xenotransplantation
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Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, a JAMA associate editor and associate chief of the Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, shares highlights from the American Society of Clinical Oncology's annual meeting, including new research on diet, exercise, and cancer survival and the best time of day for treatment.

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Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi and Conference Chair Manesh Patel, MD, discuss the latest trials and topics from the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions meeting. Patel is the Richard S. Stack Distinguished Professor and chief of cardiology at Duke University School of Medicine.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Dr. Patel has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Mytonomy and Procyrion, and he currently serves on the Advisory Boards for Bayer, Janssen and Novartis.

JAMA Medical News Senior Staff Writer Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ, speaks with Adarsh Bhimraj, MD, about new research and timely topics discussed at Infectious Disease Week (IDWeek) 2022. Dr Bhimraj, who was one of the conference chairs, is also director of Infectious Diseases Fellowship and Education at Houston Methodist Hospital.

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Deciding Whether to Continue Using Teratogenic Drugs in States That Have Banned Abortions; Treating Cancer in Pregnant Patients After Roe v Wade Overturned; Dobbs Decision Threatens Full Breadth of Ob-Gyn Training

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In July 2022, Nahid Bhadelia, MD, MALD, joined the White House COVID-19 Response Team as senior policy advisor for Global COVID Response. The infectious disease physician, who is on sabbatical from Boston University, spoke with JAMA Associate Managing News Editor Jennifer Abbasi about the pandemic's true burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries and ongoing COVID-19 vaccine inequity.

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New Guidance From the American Academy of Pediatrics on Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse in Health Care Settings; Growing Role of Gabapentin in Opioid-Related Overdoses Highlights Misuse Potential and Off-label Prescribing Practices.

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The US Now Has a Research Plan for Long COVID—Is It Enough?; Debate Swirls Around the Relevance of the Amyloid Hypothesis in Alzheimer Disease Research; Microplastics Are Found Outside in Nature and Inside the Body—but Evidence of Health Risks Is Inconclusive

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How Abortion Bans Could Affect Care for Miscarriage and Infertility; COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Booster During Pregnancy Increases Maternal and Fetal Antibodies; Code Blue—What to Do When the Shooting Starts.

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Studies dating back to the late 1950s have shown that people with South Asian ancestry have higher cardiovascular disease risk compared with other racial and ethnic groups, and the heightened risks have been observed in the US over the past 2 decades. To better understand why, in 2010 two Indian American internists, Alka Kanaya, MD, and Namratha Kandula, MD, MPH, launched the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America, or MASALA, prospective cohort study. Drs Kanaya and Kandula spoke with JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi about cardiovascular disease and risk factors among people of South Asian descent.

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In July 2022, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, took on a new role as the 17th editor in chief of JAMA and the JAMA Network. In conversation with Nobel laureate Harold Varmus, MD, Bibbins-Domingo discusses her research background, approaches to leadership in health care, and the critical role that journals play in communication about public health and science.

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The Mystery of Why COVID-19 Rebounds in Some Patients Who Take Paxlovid; What to Know About Monkeypox; UN Reports New Insights on Link Between Climate Change and Human Health.

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New NIH-FDA Partnership Targets Nutrition Research Gaps; First Blood Test for Alzheimer Biomarkers Receives FDA Clearance; A Growing Movement to Care for Caregivers

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JAMA Medical News Senior Staff Writer Melissa Suran, PhD, MSJ, speaks with Sonali Smith, MD, about new research and timely topics from the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Dr Smith, who chaired the conference's Scientific Program Committee, is also chief of the hematology and oncology section at the University of Chicago Medicine.

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Loren Laine, MD, professor of Medicine (Digestive Diseases); chief, Section of Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine; medical chief, Digestive Health, Yale New Haven Health, discusses the pandemic-related decline in colorectal cancer screening, racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care and survival, and other research highlights from the recent Digestive Disease Week meeting.

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JAMA Senior Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Andrew J. Halayko, PhD, ATSF, MSc, BSc, about some important research studies and keynote addresses presented at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference in May 2022. Dr Halayko is professor of physiology and internal medicine at the University of Manitoba in Canada and this year's ATS conference chair.

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American Thoracic Society 2022 Conference Highlights

What a Post–Roe v Wade US Might Look Like for Physicians; SARS-CoV-2 RNA Can Persist in Stool Months After Respiratory Tract Clears Virus

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Clinical Trials Disrupted During War in Ukraine; The Role of Supervised Consumption Sites for People Who Use Illicit Drugs

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Preventive cardiologist and conference cochair Pamela Morris, MD, discusses new heart failure management guidelines and important clinical trial results presented at the American College of Cardiology's 2022 Scientific Sessions.

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• Effect of Alirocumab Added to High-Intensity Statin Therapy on Coronary Atherosclerosis
• The Potential Clinical Benefit of Lowering Lipoprotein(a)

Physicians in Ukraine—Caring for Patients in the Middle of a War; The COVID Heart—One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Patients Have an Array of Increased Cardiovascular Risks; How Cancer Will Affect the US in 2022

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Russian attacks on Ukraine have created a humanitarian crisis and made the treatment of patients exponentially more difficult. Two Ukrainian doctors, Oleksandra Shchebet and Anastasiia Barzylovych, share their experiences as they practice medicine in a dangerous wartime environment. Recorded March 9, 2022.

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JAMA Medical News Senior Staff Writer Melissa Suran speaks with Louise McCullough, MD, PhD, about new research and timely topics from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association's annual International Stroke Conference. McCullough, who chaired this year's conference, is also chair of neurology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and chief of neurology at Memorial Hermann—Texas Medical Center.

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COVID-19 and the Common Cold: Preexisting Coronavirus Antibodies May Hinder SARS-CoV-2 Immunity; When Physicians Spread Unscientific Information About COVID-19; How Prolonged Isolation Affects People With Parkinson Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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Delaying diagnosis of parkinsonism can mean delaying care. In a study recently published in JAMA Neurology, David Vaillancourt, PhD, and colleagues tested the ability of an AI model to differentiate between Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative disorders when paired with MRI. He joins JAMA and JAMA+ AI Associate Editor Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH to discuss.

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Questions Remain About Who Will Get Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19 Preexposure Prophylaxis; RSV Vaccines, Finally Within Reach, Could Prevent Tens of Thousands of Yearly Deaths; Preparing Hospitals' Medical Oxygen Delivery Systems for a Respiratory "Twindemic."

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Thousands of US Youths Cope With the Trauma of Losing Parents to COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccine Makers Plan for Annual Boosters, but It's Not Clear They'll Be Needed; Why Parents Still Hesitate to Vaccinate Their Children Against COVID-19.

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JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi talks with physician-geneticist Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, as he steps down as director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and returns full-time to his laboratory at the National Human Genome Research Institute. Collins discusses the NIH's biggest accomplishments and challenges during his historic tenure, shares what he will and won't miss about the job, and much more.

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After 12 Years, NIH Director Francis S. Collins Seeks His Next Chapter