What happens in the brain (generally and simplistically) when a competent reader in first, second or third class reads: (i) sound information is processed; (ii) print is matched with or connected to speech and print and (iii) memories for the words is stored.
Why the brain effort/activation in the temporal parietal region is much more active for readers with typical achievement than for children with reading difficulties.
Why dyslexia is not a visual-processing problem (even if it feels that way to some people).
Developing readers, even those with no reading problems, will still sometimes spell letters backwards in second grade.
Children with dyslexia need good instruction on how to read words i.e. intensive instruction focusing on phonics and decoding; they don’t need a visual processing intervention (such as a colour overlay). But, if you do use an overlay, a blue one is better than a red one!
The importance of teaching children about letters and the sounds they make. Teach them to read and spell words with them and give them lots of practice reading words that have those patterns in them.
You don’t need something “multi-sensory.” Data does not suggest that writing letters in sand or shaving foam help children with dyslexia learn sound-letter relationships.
Readers with dyslexia may have similar brain processing patterns as novice readers.
Morphemes – longer units of letters such as “-tion” – are chunks of words that you can work with. For readers with dyslexia, knowing and using morphemes reduces the size of the task.
Teachers can have an influence in shaping children’s brains to work in particular ways. But he does not believe that an extensive understanding of the workings of the brain is necessary for teachers.
How can a teacher know if they’re practising the “science of reading” in their classroom?
Teachers need to be thoughtful about the quality of information they receive, even from initial teacher education or professional development experiences. Find honest brokers – people you can trust to tell you if things are scientific or not.
For example, for a long time people believed that phonological awareness needed to be developed without letters. The data suggest that focusing on the sounds as they relate to letters might be superior to focusing on sounds in isolation.
Settled questions: Children need to learn how to decode. Devin makes a distinction between teaching words by sight and sight memory. We need to think about how much phonics we teach. If there is a programme available that does the things you need to do, use the programme and think about how you can make the programme work for your children.
How his own experience of teacher education inspired him to become a teacher educator.
A teacher can take a scientific approach to teaching.
Morphology – study of meaningful parts in words. Help you assemble words and assemble the meaning of words. If you teach students about these, it will improve their vocabulary and their reading. Children can learn morphemes such as -ing, -ed etc.
Children should preferably be asked to look for small words in big words after they have learned some morphemes they can look for.
Evaluating the teaching of reading: Is the teaching responsive to the children in the classroom? Are the practices being used good for this context? Is the teacher using explicit instruction methods at the outset to introduce children to new skills and strategies? Are they gradually giving the children opportunities to use those skills and strategies independently?
His views on using artificial intelligence large language models in reading instruction now and his vision for using artificial intelligences in teaching reading in the future. Teachers remain important but AI can help us make better decisions.
Give children choice about what they want to read from among a selection of options.
He is hopeful for the future of research in reading because people are paying more attention to what is supported by evidence.
He recommends the book Explicit Instruction by Anita L. Archer and Charles A. Hughes.
Inside Education 437, Professor Pam Snow on Teaching Literacy (29 April 2026)
Épisode 320
mercredi 29 avril 2026 • Durée 01:07:07
My guest on this podcast is Pamela Snow, University Distinguished Professor from La Trobe University in Australia. She was in Ireland for the inaugural Right to Read conference, which was held in Dublin on Saturday, 21 March 2026.
Among the topics discussed were:
Why functional literacy is insufficient for full civic engagement
What it means to be literate
Students from some groups disproportionately underachieve in literacy
The challenge of being critically literate in the world today
Why teaching a knowledge-rich curriculum is essential to help students discern authentic news sources
Why reading is a public-health imperative
“Once you get to school, everybody should be exposed to high-quality explicit instruction delivered by knowledgeable teachers”
“Low literacy achievement in the first three years of school really casts a very long shadow. We know from international research that if you’re behind in reading … after your first three years of school, only twenty per cent of children catch up.
Instead of teachers choosing “their own adventure” they need to use proven methods of literacy instruction that work at scale to help all readers, especially those likely to be lower achievers.
The difference between “balanced literacy” (grew out of whole language ideology – associated with people like Kenneth Goodman) and structured literacy (structure-explicit reading instruction – mapping speech and text as the “on-ramp to the comprehension freeway.”)
Inquiries were held into poor levels of reading following the emphasis on “balanced literacy”: National Reading Panel in the United States (2000); National Inquiry into the teaching of literacy in Australia (2005) and in England, the Rose Report (2006). Finding was that whole language was not working at scale.
English is a rule- and pattern-governed language when you understand etymology.
“Reading is not biologically natural and we need to teach in a way that doesn’t leave reading to chance. We need to be bringing all children along by giving them the essential code knowledge that they need.”
Podcast 436, Dr. Conall Ó Breacháin on Teacher Agency and Curriculum Change (15-9-25)
Épisode 319
lundi 15 septembre 2025 • Durée 56:25
My guest on this podcast is Dr. Conall Ó Breacháin from the School of Language, Literacy and Early Childhood Education in Dublin City University. Among the topics we discuss in this episode are:
Differences between 1999 language curricula and the 2016 language curriculum in Ireland (e.g. focus on plurilingualism and the transfer of skills is a noticeable difference in emphasis in the redeveloped curriculum, broad learning outcomes versus learning objectives in 1999). He refers to the work of Jim Cummins who featured on Inside Education in Episode 15 and Episode 16.
How learning one language can help the learning of another.
Was there a need to change the 1999 curriculum when “it was working fine”?
Finding the right degree of innovation in curriculum change.
The importance of providing teachers with a timeline for proposed change and a plan for how teachers will be supported around the change.
Why teachers typically don’t ask for curriculum change.
The most underrated ideas in the redeveloped language curriculum – digital literacy? Plurilingualism?
What is meant by the term “knowledgeability,” a term used by Anthony Giddens
What teacher agency is.
The difference between teacher agency and teacher autonomy
A practical example of teacher agency applied to a problem of teaching reading
Agency is a conceptual framework to understand how people act in the structures within which they are acting.
Ethical and unethical agency
Challenges of measuring agency
Questions Conall still has about teacher agency
How teachers can influence one another in their practice
Podcast 435, Dr. Claire Dunne on Teaching Irish (10-3-25)
Different ways to practise teaching language related to clothes.
Handbook titled “An Ghaeilge do gach duine” based on the principles of engagement, representation and expression in multiple ways.
Inside Education 434, History of Model Schools with Joe Doyle (24-12-24)
Épisode 317
mardi 24 décembre 2024 • Durée 01:08:10
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's episode, we delve into the history of Irish education in the 1800s to learn about an ambitious attempt to educate teachers by co-locating theory and practice. We look at the rise and fall of model schools as a means of teacher training. My guest is retired primary school teacher and principal, Dr. Joe Doyle who recently published Model Schools - Model Teachers? A nineteenth-century Irish teacher-training initiative.
Among the topics we cover are:
Being prompted to study the topic by William Murphy, a fellow member of Dúchas – the Tullaherin Heritage Society that produces a journal titled In the Shadow of the Steeple.
Being bowled over by the amount of information that was available to access in the National Archives of Ireland.
He chose history as his academic subject when he studied for the Bachelor of Education degree in the early 1990s (a truncated course awarded to those who had the National Teacher (NT) qualification before the B.Ed. degree was introduced).
His first scholarly foray into history and education was an account of education in the Thomastown area in the nineteenth century.
Having expressed interest in pursuing his studies in the history of education, he was invited to meet with the late Professor John Coolahan, previously a guest on episode 10 and episode 253 to discuss the matter.
His initial interest was in Kilkenny schools which had landlord patronage in the 1800s. However, Professor Coolahan persuaded him to pursue what he saw as a more fruitful topic, about cooperation in Kilkenny school management between 1831 and 1870.
Winning a millennium scholarship in St. Patrick’s College where he was advised by Professor James Kelly on the topic of model schools.
Inside Education 433, Professor Sonia Cabell on Literacy Education in the Early Years and More (17-12-24)
She became interested in preventing reading difficulties through interventions in the pre-school to second grade years.
More teachers today are consulting original research on literacy than twenty or twenty-five years ago. “If you know better, then you do better.”
Teacher education programmes frequently don’t teach student teachers how to consume research.
An important trait for teachers to develop is to be curious about what the evidence says about “this” practice and being open to what the evidence says as reported in trusted journals that translate the research well.
The process of becoming recognised as a changemaker school.
Studying for a doctorate on public speaking in primary school (focusing on self-efficacy and vocabulary development). She used the work of Albert Bandura.
The paucity of research on public speaking in primary schools.
The connection between children expressing their voices and public speaking
Children have opportunities to practise public speaking in team sports settings, in church and in school-related events (e.g. science fair).
How teachers already recognise student voice in their classrooms (e.g. taking children’s interests and likes into account, in discussions, circle-time activities, rotating class-captain roles, and in choosing pedagogies to promote learning).
Inside Education 431, Patrick Burke on Literacy Education and More (22-9-24)
Épisode 314
dimanche 22 septembre 2024 • Durée 01:08:02
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's programme I am delighted to be joined by Dr. Patrick Burke from Dublin City University's School of Language, Literacy and Early Childhood Education.
Among the topics discussed were:
Differences between the primary school he attended and the school where he began his teaching career.
How he became interested in the teaching of literacy.
State-wide bans on children’s books in the United States.
Choosing literature for children (Quirkiness, visuals of picture books, morals (not moralising) and thoughts on the importance of writing quality in children’s literature.
Science of reading about how you research reading and the components and guidance that come from that. Why the science of reading can inform some, not all, of our decisions about teaching reading.
The influence of the science of reading on initial teacher education. The importance of basing decision on research evidence (where it is available).
How teachers develop their professional knowledge: the difference between mandated webinars and those chosen by teachers; allowing for diversity and pluralism in the professional development in-service teachers engage in; social media and professional development; individual versus collaborative approaches to professional development.
Ways to accredit continuous professional development for teachers.
Curriculum integration is influenced by factors such as the subject you’re integrating, whether you start with the subject or with a question. The pre-cursor question concerns what we want children to learn and whether some form of integration will benefit that. Depending on the answer to that question, curriculum integration may or may not be a good thing. Publications: https://ncca.ie/media/6370/conceptualising-curriculum-integration.pdf (Report) and the annexes summarising studies are here: and .
Inside Education 430, Perry Share on Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching (4-6-24)
Épisode 313
mardi 4 juin 2024 • Durée 59:06
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's podcast my guest is Perry Share, who is Head of Student Success at Atlantic Technological University. Among the topics we discuss are:
The impact of taking a module with Hilary Tovey on rural sociology and a module with Brian Torode and Barbara Bradby on language, discourse and French theory.
Perry’s belief that artificial intelligence is a catalyst that helps us better understand and question contemporary practices around teaching, learning and assessment.
Artificial intelligence forces us to ask questions like "What does it mean to assess students?" "How can we teach in ways that are engaging and productive for students?"
In education, the arts and the humanities, we take text as a representation of what is in students’ heads and tend to make assumptions about the knowledge, understanding or learning held by the student. The foundation is taken out of this when we don’t know where the text comes from.
Problems are outlined with the take-home assignment, oral assessments and standard written exams but the “unsolvable” problems may constitute a productive space for educators.
The likes of ChatGPT can be used effectively in fields where you have knowledge. An area of concern in higher education is in relation to fields where people are just beginning to acquire knowledge and understanding. In addition, artificial intelligence threatens opportunities to learn on internships in professional placements.
Perhaps the role of “learned” knowledge becomes increasingly important for novices in a field whereas in recent years the importance of critical thinking has been lauded.
It is likely that resources will need to shift from activities we currently value to new – yet-to-be-determined – resources at secondary and higher education levels.
How Perry is using ChatGPT in his own work: summarising large documents; combining documents; Brainstorming; Outlining a proposed structure of a document or presentation. It has been used for computer programming and other tasks.
Inside Education 429, Gene Mehigan on The Master by Bryan MacMahon (4-5-24)
Épisode 312
samedi 4 mai 2024 • Durée 49:50
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
The format of this podcast differs a bit from the usual one in that I am joined by my colleague in Marino Institute of Education, Dr. Gene Mehigan to discuss a book that influenced him on his journey as a teacher and teacher educator. The Book is The Master by Bryan MacMahon, published by Poolbeg Press in 1992. Among the topics we discuss are the following:
How a book about teaching in Rural Ireland from the 1930s to the 1970s could speak to a teacher in a DEIS band 1 school in Darndale in the 1980s and 1990s.
The consequences of poverty on children in schools.
The “stain” of large classes (and their impact on children with language difficulties in particular).
The importance of reading
How Bryan MacMahon encouraged children to collect words (red notebook) and Gene Mehigan’s variation of it (jar on teacher’s desk).
Stages in a reading lesson as outlined by Bryan MacMahon (who noted that they are not rigid and may need modern modification):
Arousal of interest (day before)
Introduction (before lesson begins to heighten interest in the text)
Examination of matter expressed in the text (Comprehension)
Examination of matter implied in the text (Comprehension)
Write difficult words on blackboard (Tier 1, 2 and 3 words today)
Teacher models reading
Children read aloud or silently
Isolate phrases for composition usage
Informed organic chat (in style of everyday conversation)
Dramatisation of the text (Reader’s theatre today)
Committal to rote “not to be scorned on special occasions”
Why a teacher needs to back down in a confrontational situation with a pupil
Characteristics of a good teacher;
Dedication
What it means to say that phonics is a constrained skill and essential but unconstrained skills (such as the size of your vocabulary; ability to work with active and passive voice) are also required to read competently.
The importance of background knowledge for readers, depending on their age and stage.
Background knowledge can help a reader see nuance, inconsistencies and inaccuracies in a text.
What a knowledge-based curriculum looks like in practice.
John Sweller and cognitive load theory. Something has been learned when it’s in long-term memory.
Why “discovery learning” is an unjust and inefficient approach for many children but is still advocated to student teachers in many initial teacher education programmes.
Pre-teaching that might occur and how it is different for fiction (e.g. metaphor and simile) and non-fiction (a lot of vocabulary, for instance).
Education has done a poor job of knowledge translation, in contrast to other fields such as medicine, engineering and aviation. See Nidhi Sachdeva’s Substack post on this topic here.
She seeks “levels of evidence” – an article published in a peer-reviewed journal is a start but is not enough. She looks for rigour, how a research sample was recruited, how terms were defined, what was done, if it was an intervention study where the intervention came from, how well it was implemented and if there were fidelity measures. She also wants to know about the experiences of the teachers and what parents think of an intervention. Frequently a probabilistic approach needs to be taken.
Teachers need to be critical consumers of research, using strong critical appraisal skills.
Education has a tendency to adopt fads and fashions. No regulatory body in education tests approaches before they are rolled out in classrooms. This would not be tolerated in a field such as healthcare.
Education needs to surrender its love of fads and fashions and be more evidence-led and evidence-aligned.
Professor Snow and her colleague, Professor Tanya Serry conduct research at the SOLAR Lab at La Trobe University.
The importance of having printed text present when teaching phonemic awareness, to help children map speech to print.
Questions remain about how much of the phonics code to teach to all children. See work of David Share and statistical learning.
Pronunciation correction as an exciting new frontier in reading instruction.
Research questions that are settled in literacy education: For now, all children need to be able to decode and this can best be taught by explicitly teaching children how the code works, enhancing automaticity and fluency. We need to not use predictable texts in the early stages of reading because they encourage children to guess, which is not reading. It leverages their oral language skills. But unlike aviation and medicine, education does not have a strong culture of de-implementation. Eclecticism is not the friend of evidence-based practice in education. Doctors and pilots sign up for a high level of scrutiny and they have low levels of autonomy in doing their work.
Fluency as a bridge between decoding and comprehension according to Tim Raskinski.
She admires the work of Carl Hendrick who collaborates with Paul A Kirschner. Both do a tour de force in distilling complex concepts in ways that teachers can pick them up and use them in their classrooms.
Changing the culture of a school and the role of leadership (wherever it comes from)
“Connecting” to a curriculum (current or previous)
Associating curriculum with accountability.
Analogy: Changing curriculum is like servicing an airplane mid-flight – “It’s not like [teachers] get a six-month sabbatical to get their heads around” a new curriculum before implementing it.
Drawing inspiration from textbooks published in the past for inclusive teaching of Irish today.
The first all-Irish school was set up by Luíse Ghabhánach Ní Dhufaigh and Áine Nic Aoidh and was innovative in using continuous assessment, writing their own textbooks and in emphasising health and wellness. Role plays, games and visual aids were also present in many Irish-language publications of the time. Recommendations to commit to memory stories and poems were common in the publications for teachers; this was good where the material to be memorised was relevant, useful and meaningful.
Early publishers of books and pamphlets in supporting the Irish language are named and she notes the importance of the establishment of An Gúm in 1926.
The development of Irish-language immersion education in schools from 1917 onwards. All infant-classes were to practise immersion education for the first decades of the new state.
The importance of motivating students to want to learn Irish.
The benefits of multiple representations to help children learn new vocabulary
Why adaptations to assessments might be preferable to granting exemptions from studying Irish to students with learning disabilities.
The relevance of learning Irish in an era of translation software and large language models.
Find resources created by Claire (and others) on the COGG website.
What model schools in Ireland were (built in the 1840s, 1850s and 1860s). They consisted of 19 District Model Schools, 7 Minor Model Schools and 3 others: the central model school, West Dublin, and Inchicore. The central model school was a fully fledged institution for preparing teachers but a wider network was needed to achieve the aim of preparing sufficient teachers for the entire national school system. They combined teacher education with education of young schoolchildren.
The Kildare Place Society received Government grant aid from 1811 on the basis that one of their principles was that they were there for people of all religions. They provided short courses for practising teachers, who would previously had had minimal preparation for their roles.
The Kildare Place Society was promoting the (quite rigid) Monitorial system developed by Joseph Lancaster. Training took place for implementing that system and for organisation and keeping school records.
This was a system whereby one teacher, assisted by capable pupils, could supervise up to 500 children.
Hedge schools mostly taught the three Rs and did not have Irish although some variations may have been present.
The difference between district model schools and minor model schools (the latter did not have student teachers in residence there).
The retention rate of teachers who were prepared in model schools was around 30%. The pay was poor and many of the students used it as a way of getting a good intermediate education and went on to work in the civil service or in a bank.
More presybyterians and Anglican teachers than Roman Catholic teachers were prepared.
He acknowledges the work of Emmet Larkin in understanding the Catholic Church in the nineteenth century.
Archbishop Paul Cullen initially focused on sorting out problems among Roman Catholic clergy in the Dublin Diocese before becoming interested in the model schools. He was opposed to the model schools because they were non-denominational.
From 1863, any Catholic trained in a model school would not be employed in a national school under Catholic management.
Some information about the Powis commission is available on pages 22-23 of this doctoral thesis.
How preparation of Catholic and Protestant teachers became segregated in Ireland.
A description of a typical day for student teachers in a model school.
Sources of information for the history of Irish education: Annual Reports (include a section on model schools), Government inquiries late 1830s on the practical working of the National System), 1854 (substantial report), 1870 (Powis Commission – 10 volumes; report and minutes of evidence and statistical part). ED1 reports – initial applications for setting up national schools). ED2 reports (registers – dealings of Board of Education with individual schools – a lot of detail when things go wrong); ED9 reports (specific reports that arose between the school and the Board of Education); ED3 files used to report on model schools. All in the National Archives. Minutes of commissioners’ of national education and kept in the manuscript room of the National library. The minutes generally are a bit formulaic. Some national schools still have their own records.
The experience of working as a research student supervised by Professor John Coolahan.
Don’t make one person a guru. Listen to different voices and compare them.
Jeanne Chall refers to the transition of “learning to read to reading to learn” as a stage of development and not as a way to intervene (in the teaching of reading).
A good eight-year-old reader would be decoding fluently (their grasp of the alphabetic code continues to increase) so they can focus their attention on what the text means and they should be continuing to develop fluency in their oral reading.
Strands of language comprehension: Background knowledge, perceptive and expressive vocabulary, verbal reasoning (inferential thinking and abstract thinking), language structures (syntax), and literacy knowledge (understanding different kinds of genres).
John Guthrie’s work on Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction.
The inextricable link between knowledge and oral language skills and can be built together in young children.
In the interactive read-aloud context you are exposing children to the formal language of books, which is critical because of the formal language structure of books (syntax and vocabulary).
It’s not just where you start in pre-school that counts but the rate of skill growth in oral language and decoding and subsequent writing; skills beget skills in early literacy.
“Our ability to read becomes really stable, really early.”
“There is power in setting the stage and setting the stage early.”
She would like to see all teachers, including early years teachers, getting the respect and professionalism they deserve
Her realisation of the importance of oral language.
The “strive for five” framework, developed with Tricia Zucker. How do we help teachers have conversations with students that are meaningful and that expand students’ language in ways.
Teacher asks an open-ended question (turn 1)
Student responds
Teacher can scaffold upwards and provide more challenge through another question or scaffolds downwards, and use an either/or question or similar. This third step is the most critical turn in the sequence.
When implementing the CHAT programme (Children and Teachers together led by Laura Justice) When teachers tried to become conversationally responsive partners, teachers could change some aspects of their language use but the things that were more difficult to change were some of the most important aspects that needed to change.
When you give children and teachers something to talk about, you can build their language more easily.
Science lends itself to disciplinary language and to meaningful ideas.
Promotion of comprehension is all in children’s oral language skills.
Both knowledge and comprehension strategies are important. Monitoring comprehension is also important.
It is important for parents to read to children and to talk about what they’re reading and viewing things together.
We learn language through warm and responsive relationship. This applies in the home and in school (especially in the early grades). Dr. Bob Pianta has studied this area. He created the classroom assessment scoring system. The interactions must be combined with explicit literacy teaching.
How mothers’ impact on literacy has been studied more than the impact of fathers.
Criteria she uses when selecting texts to read aloud in school: Begin with your purpose (e.g. building knowledge and language).
How she carries out her (mostly quantitative) research: randomised control trials (Core knowledge language arts programme Tricia Zucker from the University of Texas), observational studies, and survey research. How she organises a randomised control trial in education.
Research in early years literacy today needs to go beyond what works to why it works and who it works for.
A researcher shouldn’t be trying to prove themselves right but to prove themselves wrong.
Shayne Piasta, Ohio State University suggests having a journal of null effects.
Writing is central to what she does. She feels like she has not worked for a day until she has pushed forward a manuscript for publication. If it’s about finding time to write, it will never happen! She is a writer as part of what she does and she builds around that. She stacks meetings and schedules no meetings before noon.
This article about the impact of a content rich literacy curriculum is now available freely online.
How Siobhán’s school developed the role of play leader, that rotates weekly. Play leaders keep an eye out for younger children, to bring out equipment at break times and ensure it is distributed fairly, push younger children on the swings, and helping children sort out issues themselves without involving adults.
That which is most personal is most universal – why storytelling is a form of public speaking.
Matthew Dicks and his ideas of “homework for life” and how this might help children find their personal voice.
Limits on children expressing their voice.
Creating a safe space for children speaking in public and involving students in co-creating the rules around it.
How those who get to speak publicly tend to be the privileged in society
Shy or reluctant speakers may need additional scaffolding to be encouraged to speak in public. This may include children with speech and language delays or difficulties, children with other additional needs and children for whom English is not their first language.
What she learned from writing the book: finding two extra hours in each day between 6 and 8 a.m.
Teachers who want to write a book: If not you, then who? If not now, then when? Reach out!
She mentioned podcasts she likes including The Rethinking Education podcast by James Mannion; The Teach Middle East podcast with Christina Morris; and the Lead the Way podcast with Ann Byrne was mentioned.
Find out more about the negotiated curriculum in this article and about Beane’s work in the NCCA report.
Balancing a disciplinary approach with a curriculum approach.
Patrick’s doctoral dissertation about disciplinary writing. The overall message of the dissertation is “Literacy integration is important but not easily achieved…if you want to do it well.”
He mentions the work of Sam Wineburg and the credibility of online content.
The importance of partnerships between schools, teachers and teacher educators in conducting and implementing education research. This raises questions around where research is done and who it’s done for and how teachers are involved in it
The importance of conducting and sharing small-scale action research done by teachers in their classrooms.
Student teachers need to be introduced to diverse forms of educational research in their undergraduate education.
A (rare) randomised controlled trial conducted in primary education in Ireland on the topic of Minecraft and spatial awareness.
Being a DCU Co-Principal Investigator (with Dr Eithne Kennedy) for the exploratory Erasmus+ funded Artificial Intelligence in Literacy (AILIT) project.
Scholarly engagement with social media and traditional media.
Data protection implications may need to be considered in relation to some uses.
In the future it may be used to grade and provide feedback for public exams.
Various kinds of data on the results would be available almost immediately.
Decline in language learning in many countries due to the dominance of English and due to the availability of translation tools.
The days of the academic essay may be numbered.
Simulations may be a future direction of assessment in professional settings but these too are not without complications.
Can we avoid interacting with artificial intelligence?
Impact on equity in education.
If students can teach themselves, where does that leave the teacher? There is a job of imagination for teachers to start thinking about how they will work alongside artificial intelligence.
The impact of artificial intelligence on what (and who) we can trust.
People Perry respects on the topic of artificial intelligence: Anna Mills, a lecturer in academic writing in the United States; Charles Knight who works for Advance HE; Maha Bali at the America University of Cairo on critical artificial intelligence (environmental, commercial and ethical impacts).
Perry's own expanding list of resources on artificial intelligence is available here.
Sense of humour
Clear penetration in the timbre of the teacher’s speaking voice
A love of learning
Versatility of approach to a lesson
A congenial monotony (that can be departed from)
Occasional informal language
Good blackboard use and being able to sketch
Act in harmony with the traditions and culture of the school area
Bringing the extraordinary into your teaching.
The teacher’s job is to help each child find their special gift.
Bryan MacMahon: “I realised that each child had a gift, and that the ‘leading out’ of that gift was the proper goal of teaching. To me a great teacher was simply a great person teaching.”
Thoughts on a school library, access to books and encouraging children to read.
Trying to entice children to read by tidying books. Buddy reading – to help beginning or reluctant readers but also helping older children consolidate their interest it reading. Helping a teacher narrow down who in a class might have dyslexia
How Brian MacMahon practised an early version of “home-school liaison”
Contemporary resonances – children from Germany fostered by local families during World War II.
How Bryan MacMahon recruited children to look after other children who were vulnerable in some way
Resonances with Johathan Haidt’s book The Coddling of the American Mind (preparing the child for the road and not the road for the child).
How learning tables enthusiastically helped a pupil later excel as an emigrant
“A school is nothing if it is not a place of laughter and song.”
Sources of creativity in education
The importance of a teacher being a philomath.
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