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• Mike Zartarian’s Background:
• Mike shares his journey from working as a design engineer to focusing on controlled environment agriculture, including his work in both indoor vegetable production and cannabis cultivation.
• He co-founded Zartarian Engineering with Mike Siegel and has been instrumental in designing holistic cultivation facilities.
• Challenges in Indoor Cultivation:
• Mike discusses the unique challenges of designing and commissioning indoor cultivation facilities, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach that considers the entire plant life support system.
• He highlights the differences between growing cannabis and other crops like lettuce, noting that cannabis is particularly energy-dense and sensitive to environmental variables.
• Commissioning and Tuning Cultivation Facilities:
• The conversation delves into the critical process of commissioning a new facility, which involves ensuring that all systems operate as designed before plants are introduced. Mike stresses that skipping this step can lead to costly mistakes and crop loss.
• He shares his approach to commissioning, which includes pre-operational testing, sensor placement, and gradually ramping up plant introduction to ensure optimal system performance.
• Sensor Technology and Innovation:
• Mike introduces the new canopy sensor array developed by Zartarian Engineering, which includes an IR sensor to measure leaf surface temperature—a critical factor in accurately calculating VPD (vapor pressure deficit) for cannabis crops.
• The discussion covers the importance of accurate sensor placement and density, as well as the impact of leaf surface temperature on crop steering and environmental control.
• Best Practices for Cultivation:
• The episode concludes with practical advice for cultivation facility operators, including the need to balance optimization versus maximization in facility design, managing systems and teams effectively, and the importance of commissioning to ensure long-term success.
• Conclusion:
• Mike shares his deep expertise in CEA and indoor cultivation, offering listeners actionable insights into designing, commissioning, and optimizing indoor grow facilities. The hosts emphasize the value of Mike’s approach and suggest a potential follow-up episode to explore additional topics in more depth.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

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• Introduction
• Hosts: Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson.
• Guest: Ian Miller, CEO of Catalyst BC. 
• Ian's background includes raising significant private equity, working in various sectors including high-end yachts, and being on the founding team of Loop Pay.
• Discussion Topics
• Financial Modeling Challenges
• Unique challenges in creating financial models for the cannabis industry, such as commoditization and margin compression.
• Importance of accurate KPIs and the variability of operator performance.
• Impact of regulatory environments and compliance on financial models.
• Investor Perspectives
• Key factors investors look for in financial models: detail, sobriety of assumptions, and realistic schedules.
• Importance of having skin in the game and available resources.
• Construction and Operational Challenges
• Unique construction challenges in cannabis facilities.
• Importance of power availability and realistic project scopes.
• Common mistakes: inadequate power planning and underestimating the complexity of projects.
• Revenue Projections and Profitability
• Critical variables affecting revenue projections and profitability.
• Speed to market, talent, capitalization, and achieving KPIs are essential.
• Detailed planning and high-quality execution are crucial for maximizing profits.
• Emerging Trends and Developments
• Shift from equity to debt financing.
• Trends in multi-layer horticulture and automation.
• Importance of energy cost analysis and life cycle costs.
• Customer Retention and Market Knowledge
• Importance of knowing your customer demographic.
• Strategies for building customer loyalty and retention.
• Examples from retail operations highlighting the significance of customer service.
• Personal Story and Motivation
• Ian shares a personal story about his father's experience with medical cannabis.
• Emphasizes the impact of cannabis on health and the motivation behind Ian's involvement in the industry.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

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In this insightful episode of "Cultivation Elevated," host Michael Williamson sits down with Sia of Grow Motion, to delve into the intricate world of the European cannabis industry. They navigate the complexities of establishing a thriving cannabis enterprise in Switzerland, from crafting a unique brand that resonates with a dedicated community to employing innovative agricultural technologies like the Elevate Platform system.

Sia shares his entrepreneurial journey and the strategic moves that set Grow Motion apart in a competitive market, including exclusive genetics and German partnerships. This conversation not only highlights the challenges of scaling a business and maintaining a strong team spirit but also speculates on the evolving role of Switzerland in the European cannabis landscape and the future of THC legislation. Listeners are invited to join Michael and Sia for an episode that promises to enrich their understanding of the cannabis industry and the meticulous efforts behind Grow Motion's success.

(04:37 Building a Facility in Switzerland

(16:10) CBD and THC Usage Comparison in Europe

(24:19) Cannabis Industry Challenges

(29:00) The Decision to Build Three Tiers

(34:58) Creating a Safety-Focused Elevate Platform System

(39:48 ) GrowMotion's Unique Program Details

(45:57) Switzerland's Cannabis History

(49:38) GrowMotion Goals

Website: https://growmotion.com/

Facebook: https://growmotion.com/facebook

Instagram: https://growmotion.com/facebook

Twitter: https://growmotion.com/twitter

Discord: https://growmotion.com/discord

YouTube: https://growmotion.com/youtube

TikTok: https://growmotion.com/tiktok

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Podcast Production by FullCast

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In this episode we meet the StackHouse team and unpack the essence of creating a solid cannabis cultivation team. Quality, quantity, consistency, and efficiency are the pillars of success we focus on, and how they are profoundly influenced by company culture and employee satisfaction. Discover the importance of transparency, equipment maintenance, and the balance between labor costs and product excellence. Our discussion also sheds light on the potential pitfalls of relying too heavily on machinery, emphasizing the need for skilled technicians and the delicate act of maintaining a positive work environment.

Our conversation turns to the art and science behind phenotype genetics, racking, and moisture management in cannabis cultivation. We take a closer look at nursery layouts, the strategic placement of mother plants and clones, and the decision-making process behind pot sizes for optimal flowering. Hear about the challenges of managing moisture content in buds, especially in Nevada's arid climate, and how this impacts both testing results and customer satisfaction. We also highlight the strong culture of empowerment and education at StackHouse, demonstrating how a unified team approach can lead to commercial success and quality production. Don't miss this engaging episode from the heart of Las Vegas, where innovation meets tradition in the quest for cultivating excellence.

(00:02) Vertical Farming for Cannabis and Food

(15:08) Creating a Successful Cannabis Cultivation Team

(21:19) Phenotype Genetics, Racking, and Moisture Management

(34:06) Stackhouse

(38:19) Challenges and Innovation in Cultivation Facilities

(48:09) Team Culture in Cannabis Cultivation

(59:45) Indoor Cannabis Cultivation

(01:08:27) The Importance of Quality Cannabis Production

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Podcast Production by FullCast

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Ever wondered how a second-generation farmer navigates the foggy world of California's cannabis industry? Join us as we traverse through the world of cannabis cultivation. Our guest, a seasoned grower with roots deep in the industry, shares his unique experiences and insights. Together, we unfurl the cultural influences that shape the success of cannabis operations and the unique challenges and opportunities that coastal California farming presents.

We share our own personal journey in cannabis cultivation, touching on genetics, managing light intensity, and the undeniable benefits of having a genetic library. We even discuss our unique cultivation process involving the use of greenhouses for vegging. We underscore the importance of brand-building; after all, consistency and loyalty are achieved through smaller batch production. Learn about our relentless pursuit of improvement in flower quality and the vital role that quality control and sorting processes play. So why wait? Tune in and let's grow together.

(05:26) California's Cannabis Consumption and Business Models

(10:32) Unrealistic Expectations in California Market

(16:36) Family-Owned Farming and Distribution

(21:03) Creating a Regionally-Based Brand

(24:57) Genetic Considerations in Cannabis Cultivation

(32:48) Importance of Airflow in Vertical Farming

Fog City Farms: https://www.fogcityfarms.org/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fogcityfarms/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fogcityfarms/

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTS3ZY5O1_57TXH1gonPwWw

Twitter: https://twitter.com/fogcityfarms1

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Podcast Production by FullCast

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Join us on a captivating journey as we share an insightful conversation with the Beard Bros and Anders Peterson of Pip Horticulture, taking you through their remarkable transformation from East Coast cultivators to a beacon of cannabis news in California. Can you imagine the struggle of becoming a trusted source of news amidst a sea of clickbait and noise? We tackle this challenge head-on, candidly sharing our experiences and the unique trials we navigated to solidify our platform in the market.

This episode takes a deep dive into the evolution of cannabis culture on the East Coast, spotlighting the influential role of California and how Hollywood and social media have accelerated its adoption. As we navigate through this discussion, we also tackle the transient aspect of Prop 64 and its potential impact. And if that's not enough, hold tight as we compare and contrast the unpredictability between the cultivation and media sectors of the cannabis industry—two domains that demand constant vigilance with local, state, national, and international news.

As we round off our discussion, we don't shy away from the complexities of social equity in cannabis, the distinct challenges of transitioning from a legacy cultivator to a legitimate business, and the intricate realities of the cannabis industry in various states. We also share the lessons learned from Canada's cannabis industry and the three Ps of success while emphasizing the importance of a sound facility and a strong brand. So, sit back and get ready to expand your understanding of the cannabis industry with the Beard Bros and Anders Peterson. Trust us, you wouldn't want to miss it!

(04:44) The Rise of Cannabis Industry Reporting

(09:54) Building Culture in Emerging States

(17:31) Passion in Cannabis Production

(32:42) California's Cannabis Industry and Investor Greed

(37:08) Limiting Licenses and Balancing Marijuana Supply

(44:09) Mismanagement in Canada's Cannabis Industry

(47:56) Canada's Impact on the Cannabis Industry

Website: https://beardbrospharms.com/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BeardBrosPharms/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/beardbrospharms/

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/26564274/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Podcast Production by FullCast

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Ever wondered how a vertical cannabis farm operates? Or how to scale from a 20,000 square foot space to a whopping 50,000 square foot multi-tier setup? Take a trip with us to Oakland, California as we explore Oakfruitland, a pioneering cannabis farm co-founded by our guest, Linzi. This episode will open your eyes to the challenges encountered in the building process, the transition to vertical growing, and the secret behind their reputation for unsurpassed canopy management and exquisite quality products.

As Linzi unveils the core business strategies of Oakfruitland, we dig into how lean operations and managing production costs have been instrumental in their success. We'll discuss their plans for expansion, the potential move into the Southern California market, and their mission to make their products available in over 120 dispensaries. Together, we'll explore what the future holds for vertical farming in the cannabis and broader food production industry.

• 00:0 - Vertical Farming Journey in Cannabis
• 15:43 - Maximizing Profit and Quality in Cannabis
• 21:01 - Future Plans and Success Factors

Website: https://www.oakfruitland.com/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/oakfruitlandofficial/

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm7dd79krYdJSOLy1JMbiQA

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Ever wondered how the world of vertical farming is being revolutionized by LED lighting? Host Michael Williamson is joined by Corinne Wilder, the VP of Global Commercial Operations at Fluence. Corinne reveals the science-driven approach behind Fluence, a global LED horticultural lighting company. She shares her personal journey from a child growing up in a state park to a marine biology and ecology graduate and her transition to working in the commercial lighting industry. 

Corinne has a unique perspective on the industry, having experienced firsthand the transition from a corporate giant like Panasonic to a startup atmosphere at Fluence. She sheds light on how LED technology has disrupted the vertical farming world, leading to the introduction of the all-white light at trade shows. Corinne also gives us an insider view on the challenges of understanding the title 24 code in California and its role in energy savings and rebates. You’ll gain a fresh perspective on the advantages of a broader spectrum of light for detecting pests and pathogens.

We discuss Corinne's leadership journey and her insights into women in leadership roles. She imparts valuable advice on finding your passion, advocating for yourself, and fighting against boundaries. We also delve into the fascinating world of oyster cultivation with our second guest, Rowan Jacobson, the author of numerous books on oysters. Get ready to discover the intricacies of oyster cultivation, the importance of native oysters to the American coast, and the intriguing possibility of creating an indoor aquarium environment for growing oysters. As we wrap up, we refocus on Fluence and the valuable resources they offer for those keen to delve deeper into this fascinating world.

• 0:00 - Vertical Farming With LED Lighting
• 8:58 - LED Technology Industry Career Transition
• 20:34 - Commercial Operations and Female Leadership
• 31:14 - Oyster Cultivation and Fluence Science

Corinne on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/corinne-wilder-8a34bb19/

Fluence website - https://fluence.science/

Fluence on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/FluenceLED

Fluence on Twitter - https://twitter.com/Fluence_LED

Fluence on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/fluence_led/

Fluence on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/fluence-led/

Fluence on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/FluenceLED

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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Are you ready to unlock the secrets of the cannabis industry? Join us in an enlightening discussion with Mitch Galton, Director of Business Development at Urban Gro, as he pulls back the curtain on the highs and lows of navigating the burgeoning field. From conquering the market with speed to circumventing the industry's notorious delays, Mitch shares how Urban Gro's turnkey model is paving the way for success. Plus, he takes us on a trip down memory lane with his fascinating transition into the world of cannabis.

Scaling a 15-person startup to a 200-strong team is no mean feat - Mitch has seen it all. His journey in the horticulture and cannabis sector is filled with defining moments that shaped his career. He takes us from Texas to Canada, discussing the unique challenges that tagged along. With the stringent cultivation policies and retail restrictions in Canada, there's a lot to unpack. Stay tuned as we delve into the complexities of retrofitting cannabis facilities and how Urban Gro is facilitating smooth transitions for its clients.

Ever wondered how LED lighting and genetic selection play crucial roles in cannabis cultivation? Mitch's in-depth insights into these areas will leave you intrigued. He shines a light on the advantages of LED lighting for cultivation, the importance of genetic selection, and the challenges Canadian cultivators face. The conversation isn't only packed with practical insights but also brings to the forefront some thought-provoking questions about the future of the cannabis industry. So, is the industry ready to strike the perfect balance and future-proof cannabis facilities? Join us to find out!

• 0:00 - Urban Gro's Solutions and Challenges
• 06:45 - Startup Journey and Growth in Texas
• 10:36 - Canadian Cannabis Market Challenges and Issues
• 14:45 - Considerations for Retrofitting Cannabis Facilities
• 26:03 - LED Lighting for Cannabis Cultivation
• 36:41 - Genetic Selection and Brand Viability
• 45:09 - Challenges and Considerations in Genetic Selection
• 49:16 - Future-Proofing Cannabis Facilities

Website: https://www.urban-gro.com/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/urbangro/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/urbangroinc/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/urban_gro

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/urban-gro/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Ever wondered why Germany plays such a pivotal role in the European cannabis industry? Join your host, Michael Williamson, as he speaks with Timo Bongartz, General Manager of Fluence, in an engaging discussion exploring the fascinating world of cannabis cultivation and lighting. Michael and Timo shed light on the complexities of obtaining a prescription for medical cannabis in Germany and discuss potential shifts in this landscape.

They address the progress and challenges of the cannabis lighting industry, the need for market correction and standardization and the intricacies of managing complex business models. They explore the future of Europe’s role and the steps necessary for swift development. Through analysis of pilot projects in Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands and their potential impacts on the supply chain, you’ll discover why the German cannabis market is crucial for international stakeholders and how the country's healthcare system influences patient access to medical cannabis.

• 00:00 - Vertical Farming and German Cannabis Market
• 13:28 - Cannabis Industry Challenges and Progress

Timo on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/timo-bongartz/

Fluence website - https://fluence.science/

Fluence on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/FluenceLED

Fluence on Twitter - https://twitter.com/Fluence_LED

Fluence on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/fluence_led/

Fluence on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/fluence-led/

Fluence on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/FluenceLED

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Join us on Cultivation Elevated, as we embark on an exciting exploration into the world of cannabis cultivation. This episode features a fascinating discussion with Jesse Porter, the Director of Cultivation for GrowGlide. Listen in as Jesse discusses the impact of GrowGlide's recent acquisition by Pipp Horticulture. He shares insights on the challenges and rewards of competition in the industry and how this acquisition paves the way for innovation and better support for the end customer.

We journey through host Michael Williamson's personal experiences in the cannabis industry. From being a hydro shop and nursery owner to moving to the West Coast and experiencing the boom of the cannabis market, Michael shares his strategies for differentiation in a competitive market. He also delves into how metrics and KPIs can help cannabis businesses enhance their efficiencies and how simple solutions can significantly improve your business without any additional financial cost.

We conclude the episode with a deep dive into how to maximize success in multi-tier cannabis cultivation. We take a closer look at how understanding your environment is crucial when transitioning to a multi-tier cultivation facility. So, whether you're an existing grower or owner looking to optimize your facility or someone looking to cultivate more in less space, tune in for key insights into vertical farming success.

• 00:02 - Competition and Innovation in Vertical Farming
• 12:50 - Hydro Shop Owner's Cannabis Journey
• 23:28 - Optimizing Canopy Yield and Workflow Efficiency
• 27:07 - Maximizing Success in Multi-Tier Cannabis Cultivation
• 31:46 - Cannabis Cultivation Survival and Lean Principles
• 44:39 - Efficiency and Data in Cannabis Facilities
• 49:13 - Future Predictions for Cannabis and Food
• 55:54 - Appreciation for Cultivation Elevated Podcast

Website: https://www.growglide.com/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/growglide

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/growglide/

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/grow-glide/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

Vertical Farming, Cannabis Cultivation, GrowGlide, Pip Particulture, Competition, Innovation, Hydro Shop Owner, Cannabis Journey, Canopy Yield, Workflow Efficiency, Multi-Tier Cultivation, Lean Principles, Efficiency, Data, Future Predictions, Cannabis Food, Ecotourism, CEA Industry

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Step into the world of cannabis cultivation with our guest, James Cunningham, the brains behind Fog City Farms. Get ready to master the art of vertical cannabis cultivation as James shares his journey from single-tiered farming to a double-tiered system. We'll dive into Fog City Farm's mission and explore why more cannabis brands are moving indoors.

As James takes you through the science behind lighting and plant genetics, you'll gain a unique perspective on how vertical space and environmental control can revolutionize cultivation practices. As a result of experimenting with different farms, James' experiences are rich with invaluable insights.

As the episode unfolds, we tackle the complexities of the cannabis market, discussing the oversaturation of California's cannabis industry and its impact on legacy growers. Unpack the challenges of building a vertically-stacked farm, the importance of airflow control and how auto-flower development affects price points. Finally, we tackle the intricacies of post-harvest processing and the locations where you can find Fog City products. James' advice for industry newcomers is a must-hear for anyone considering a plunge into the world of cannabis cultivation. Get ready for a knowledge-packed episode you wouldn't want to miss!

• 00:00 - The current state of cannabis cultivation
• 12:13 - Developing a practical LED lighting plan
• 17:59 - Challenges and innovations in the space
• 28:53 - Over-saturation of California's cannabis market
• 42:38 - Post-harvest processing best practices

Fog City Farms: https://www.fogcityfarms.org/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fogcityfarms/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fogcityfarms/

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTS3ZY5O1_57TXH1gonPwWw

Twitter: https://twitter.com/fogcityfarms1

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Subscribe and watch on our Youtube channel

This Cultivation Elevated episode primarily focuses on advanced cultivation strategies for cannabis indoors, covering topics ranging from substrate selection to irrigation strategies and environmental control.

Substrate Selection and Characteristics

Anders and Michael discuss various substrates used in cannabis cultivation, including rockwool and coco. Rockwool is favored for its consistency across batches and inert nature, making it suitable for precise nutrient control and advanced cultivation techniques under high light levels. On the other hand, coco is praised for its blend of steerability and risk mitigation, though it poses challenges due to variability between batches and potential issues with nutrient content.

Factors Influencing Substrate Choice

• Consistency and Manageability: Rockwool is highlighted for its consistent performance and suitability for advanced irrigation strategies where precise steering of plant growth is crucial.
• Steerability and Risk: coco offers flexibility but requires careful management due to variability in batch quality and nutrient content.

Plant Density and Irrigation Strategies

The conversation delves into optimal plant densities and their impact on cultivation outcomes. They emphasize the importance of tailoring planting densities to specific cultivars and optimizing them based on factors like light penetration, airflow, and irrigation needs.

Environmental Control and HVAC Sizing

A significant portion of the discussion revolves around HVAC system design and sizing. They stress the importance of basing HVAC requirements on canopy square footage rather than plant count due to the variability in plant counts during cultivation cycles. This approach provides flexibility and ensures that environmental conditions are adequately maintained regardless of changes in plant density.

Practical Tips for Growers

• Irrigation Strategies: They recommend basing irrigation strategies on substrate volume per plant and per square foot to ensure adequate moisture levels and prevent aggressive dry backs overnight.
• Microbial Management: Practical advice includes managing microbial risks during harvest, particularly with open-top coco substrates, to avoid contamination and maintain crop quality.

Advanced Cultivation Techniques

The speakers share insights into advanced techniques such as sub-canopy air circulation and under-canopy lighting to optimize plant growth and yield. They highlight the benefits of using specific substrates and configurations that support these techniques effectively.

Facility Design Considerations

The conversation concludes with considerations for facility design, emphasizing the importance of substrate choice, plant density, and environmental control systems in maximizing cultivation efficiency and yield.

Conclusion

Overall, this episode of Cultivation Elevated provides a comprehensive overview of advanced cultivation practices for cannabis, emphasizing the critical role of substrate choice, irrigation strategies, and environmental control in achieving optimal crop outcomes. Michael and Anders’ insights cater to both new growers and experienced cultivators looking to enhance their understanding and practices in indoor cannabis cultivation.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

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ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Embark on an immersive exploration of the dynamic world of cannabis cultivation with host Michael Williamson and special guest Brent Barnes, co-founder and VP of cultivation at Claybourne Co. In this enlightening episode, they delve into the critical importance of prioritizing quality over quantity in the cannabis industry. Discover the fascinating realm of genetic engineering and its potential to enhance cannabis plant quality, as well as the significant impact of environmental factors on genetic expression. Gain exclusive insights into Claybourne's innovative facility design and their ongoing quest for breeding advancements, all while delving into the ever-evolving landscape of cannabis cultivation. This captivating conversation offers a glimpse into the intricacies of this thriving industry, leaving you inspired and informed about the future of cannabis cultivation.

• Discover the importance of prioritizing quality over quantity in the competitive cannabis industry and how it sets Claybourne apart from the rest.
• Uncover the potential of genetic engineering to enhance the quality and yield of cannabis plants, as shared by host Michael Williamson, an experienced plant breeder.
• Explore the fascinating impact of environmental factors on genetic expression and the challenges of genetic drift in cannabis cultivation.
• Gain insights into the innovative facility design of Claybourne, including a three-story racking system and a specialized airflow system for optimal growth conditions.
• Learn about the long-term process of breeding and the dedication required for true innovation in cannabis cultivation.
• Discover the significance of local partnerships and Claybourne’s widespread availability in over 60% of retail locations in California.
• Gain a deeper appreciation for the intricacies of the cannabis industry and its ongoing evolution, with quality, innovation, and environmental factors at the forefront of success.

Claybourne on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/claybourne-co/

Claybourne on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyRdDYueVyf2XNSqCWAqn4A

Claybourne on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/claybournecompany/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Join us as we take a fascinating journey into the world of cannabis cultivation with Zack Newman, Director of Operations at Robbs Farms. In this episode we explore the unique strains and rich history of the California cannabis market and how cultivators are shaping the industry's future. With insights from Zack, we learn about their attention to detail, positive work environments, and cross-training of employees, which all contribute to the production of high-quality cannabis products. Discover the challenges and opportunities in the industry and the crucial role that cultivators like Dr. Robbs Farms play in shaping its future.

• Discover how Dr. Rob's Farms overcame wind resistance challenges in their purpose-built cannabis facility
• Learn about the CBD product, Mom's Formula, developed by Dr. Rob's Farms for pain relief
• Explore how Zack Newman, Director of Operations, created a positive work environment for his team
• Find out how Dr. Rob's Farms cross-trains their employees and pays attention to the little things that consultants may overlook
• Understand how Rove is constantly searching for unique strains and styles of growing in the cannabis industry
• Learn about the unique and rich history of the cannabis industry in California and its impact on the rest of the world
• Discover the role that cultivators like Dr. Rob's Farms and Rove will play in shaping the future of the cannabis industry

“So as I built my career and advanced in these different operations and had more power and more control and was able to dictate some of these things, I've always wanted to create an environment where people are happy to show up. Happy people grow happy plants, and happy plants make the people working with them happy. So it's like a cyclical thing.”

“So the basic premise of the greenhouse, the advantage of the greenhouse is having the natural sunlight, the abundant light resource that we have in addition to our supplementary artificial lighting. And we want to combine those and maximize light spectrums and light output on the plants.”

“So right now we have a lot of gelato crosses. We have a lemon cherry gelato that we're growing for the first time that looks really promising. Another one called the Soap that is just knocking everyone's socks off. And then we have some classic kind of California flavors. OG Kush.”

Zack Newman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/zack-newman-41115345/

Website: https://www.drrobbfarms.com/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrRobbFarms

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Robb.Farms/

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drrobbfarms/

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/dr.-robb-farms/

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt9jQvzEv131Fc5JCwoPAPw

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

In this episode, Daniel Algaze, Director of Cultivation at SweetCut, shares the company's unique approach to cannabis cultivation. Daniel explains how Sweet Cut maximizes canopy space and ROI while prioritizing efficiency and ergonomics using a unique combination of LEDs and multi-tiered racking from Pipp. He emphasizes the importance of building a strong team and discusses the challenges and opportunities in the current Michigan cannabis market. Daniel also touches on Sweet Cut's initial signature strain, Sweet Cake, (“a bready sweetness with a hint of skittles”) and the importance of branding and going multi-tiered in a market that is becoming increasingly commoditized. Anyone interested in the cannabis industry will find valuable insights in this informative episode.

• Based in Kalamazoo, Michigan, SweetCut is rapidly making a name for itself in the cannabis industry.
• The company has a 16,000 square foot facility that includes four 1,100 square foot flower rooms, one triple tier bedroom, and an R&D room.
• SweetCut uses a multi-tiered environment for its production, which allows for more physical flowering canopy than actual square footage of space. This results in a higher yield and ROI compared to single-tiered environments.
• SweetCut's initial signature strain is Sweet Cake It has a bready sweetness with a hint of Skittles on the exhale, and it clones well with an amazing structure.
• The current cannabis market in Michigan is experiencing oversupply and commoditization, with prices dropping from $3,000 per pound to $1,000 per pound. Strong branding is a key differentiator in this market.
• Why going multi-tiered is generally more lucrative than single-tiered production, as it almost doubles the grams per square foot of canopy.

“What's been rewarding is actually finding this team. I really like the people that I've hired, and I haven't always been able to say that in the past. I think that it starts from the top. Mark gave me a lot of trust to fully go out, write my own job ad, target the exact people I was looking for, do all the first rounds of interviews, and then bring them in for the final interview where he would get to talk to them”

“I think we're going to have a lot of really interesting strains come out of our pheno hunt very soon that are going to be available in the next few months. But right now, our initial signature strain is Sweet Cake, and that's a strain that no one else in Michigan has. As far as I know, it's pretty niche, even if you kind of look at the more developed markets like California.”

Daniel Algaze

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-algaze-a8619995/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Joe Zeller and Dante Metaluno provide a deep dive into the cannabis industry. Listen in to hear their success story of Redbud Roots, from the importance of genetics and quality to the strategies they use to rise above the competition. Learn about their specialties in cultivation, extraction, processing, packaging, sales, brokerage, white labeling and small batch production. Explore their thoughts on the effects of federal regulation, marketing of certain strains and the evolution of the Emerald Cup. Gain an inside look into their process of creating SOPs, their data-driven approach, and the unique staffing structure they have implemented to create more accountability and engagement among their team.

• Discover how Joe and Dante have navigated Redbud Roots from 6 employees to over 150
• Find out how Joe and Dante implemented a staffing structure to increase engagement and pride in their work
• Learn about the importance of SOPs in cannabis production and the use of data to make decisions
• Uncover the team's focus on quality, and their passion for the product
• Understand the success story of Kim, and the evolution of the Emerald Cup
• Discover the unique terpene profile of the strains produced by Redbud Roots

“We are cultivation, extraction, processing, packaging.We have a diverse sales team. We do a little bit of brokerage white label and try and find a skew that matches almost every product that somebody can want to purchase at this point. Lean towards the craft side of the market.“(Joe Zeller)

“It's that positive attitude appreciating what we get to do. And that's why I speak on the passion of just the joy of working with the plant, going into a grow room on a gloomy Michigan afternoon. If that doesn't turn you up a little bit, then you should be somewhere else.“(Joe Zeller)

“It’s all about quality and a product that you're proud of, a product that you'll gladly show up to any event with and say, this is mine. This is what we made. Step up the quality.” (Dante Metaluno)

Redbud Roots on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/redbud-roots/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Del Rockwell and Michael Williamson explore the ever-changing cannabis industry and discuss the history of Pipp Horticulture, a leader in the racking space for cannabis cultivators. From discovering the benefits of modular racking systems, to metal corrosion resistance, to understanding the importance of voting with their dollars, in this episode Del and Michael as provide an in-depth look at the industry and the products that are driving it forward.

- Learn how 45 years of experience in the industry has led Pipp to develop products specifically for the cannabis space.

- Del talks about Pipp’s customer-centric approach and how they have embraced the cannabis industry and its culture. He also dives into how they have developed products for both horticulture and retail.

- Learn about the process of product development, from prototyping to third-party testing. Del also provides insight into his own learning process and talks about enrolling in Bruce Bugby's Horticulture and Cannabis course.

- Hear more about the knock down racking system and other exciting products that Pipp is developing for indoor cultivation.

- A great discussion on the challenges of the cannabis industry, such as taxes and pricing, and how partnerships have helped companies succeed.

- Advice on entering the cannabis industry, emphasizing the importance of having face-to-face conversations and listening to customers.

“We definitely got to drink from the firehose when it came to learning, and I think for the company as a whole, we absolutely tried to learn as much as we could. We wanted to listen to everybody that would try to impart a little bit of information or knowledge on us and try to combat it from that relatively humble perspective.” (Del)

“At the end of the day, are customer centric, and we view ourselves as customer centric almost to a fault. At times, it feels like, yeah, we'll do just about everything. We definitely want to listen to and hear out whatever system it is that they want to use.” (Del)

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Jay Bouton is the Senior Director of Cultivation at Culta, Maryland’s vertically-integrated craft cannabis brand. Today, Jay joins the show to share his role at Culta, the inspiration behind the name, and the work they are doing at Culta. Jay expounds on the Cravo system, maturation time of crops, and why he considers Workplace of the Year to be the highest honor achievable. 

00:31 – Michael introduces today’s guest, Jay Bouton, who shares the inspiration behind the name Culta, what it means to say that Maryland is a ‘limited license state,’ and the concept behind vertical integration  

06:57 – Jay paints a picture of the history behind the building infrastructure that Culta currently uses 

10:18 – An indoor, outdoor and greenhouse grower 

14:03 – The Cravo system explained 

20:04 – Jay speaks to the Indoor growing they are doing at Culta 

22:01 – Flowering rooms and average maturation time 

31:04 – Grower of the Year, Product of the Year, & Workplace of the Year 

36:33 – A collaboration with Dartmouth 

37:57 – Genetics and Pheno-hunting, explained 

42:36 – Traits Jay looks for in a cultivar 

52:28 – Selecting an equipment vendor 

55:54 – Partnering with Pip Horticulture 

58:51 – What the future holds for Culta 

1:03:51 – Michael thanks Jay for joining the show and sharing his story 

1:04:45 – Advice Jay would give to those looking to enter the cannabis industry 

“We’re the second largest employer in town now. And, as we keep on growing, I know we’ll become number one. There’s more opportunity that Culta can offer a lot of the people from Cambridge than The Hyatt or these other companies. There’s much more room for growth. You’re being educated everyday at work. We’re growing the people just as much as we’re growing the plants.” (09:51)  

“With outdoor, we’ve gone through two hurricanes. We’ve gone through a drought. We’ve gone through five straight days of rain. So, we have an idea of where everything’s gonna go, but you honestly have to see how that season treats you before you can really decide if this is an extraction year or a flower year.” (16:53)  

“It’s kind of humbling to know that, no matter how good or big we think we are, in the grand scheme we’re a smaller, middle ground company. But that also allows us to really focus on what matters.” (31:48)  

“What we’re most proud about is The Workplace of the Year in the cannabis industry. Being Grower of the Year is awesome. Being Product of the Year is awesome. But being recognized as the employer where employees would much rather be, that makes us prouder than anything.” (33:15) 

“We won’t put anything out there that we wouldn’t smoke ourselves.” (1:03:22)  

CULTA – https://www.culta.io/

CULTA Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/cultamaryland 

CULTA Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/cultaig/

CULTA YouTube Channel – https://www.youtube.com/c/CULTAMaryland/videos 

Jay’s LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/jay-bouton-v-b592691a2/ 

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Drew Nowak is an Alumni of Western Michigan University with a degree in Engineering Management Technology. He is also a former NFL offensive/defensive lineman for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Seattle Seahawks, and Kansas City Chiefs. He is currently the Founder/CEO of an Adult Use cannabis grow facility in Northern Michigan, Freedom Green Farms LLC. Today, Drew joins the show to discuss process flow, design and the importance of attention to detail. Drew expounds on the origins of the name ‘Freedom Green,’ the value he places on efficiency and sustainability, and how Drew has cultivated an incredibly trusting culture within his organization. 

00:00 – Michael introduces today’s guest, CEO and Founder at Freedom Green, Drew Nowak, who shares his background as an NFL player and the work he’s currently doing in the cannabis industry 

02:03 – Process flow, design and engineering 

03:50 – Biggest challenges in starting Freedom Green 

04:49 – The origin story of the name ‘Freedom Green’ 

06:12 – Growing more with Pipp Horticulture 

09:25 – Drew’s leadership style and what differentiates Freedom Green from other cannabis companies 

10:59 – Attention to detail 

12:30 – Investing in efficient systems and designs 

15:46 – Drew’s expectations for sanitation 

17:17 – The incredible variety that Freedom Green offers 

19:26 – Advice Drew would give to those looking to enter the cannabis industry 

20:29 – What the future holds for Freedom Green 

21:11 – Michael thanks Drew for joining the show and lets listeners know where they can learn more about Freedom Green 

“Process flow is really important for us. We just didn’t want to be restricted for any reason, whether it was pallets of dirt, soil, whatever, individuals, movement, transplanting, anything like that. So it was really valuable for us to make sure that this room was wide.” (02:12)  

“We really wanted to be proud Americans with the name. But also, the ‘Green’ aspect is important. Our motto is, ‘Sustainably made, simply clean.’ We try to make everything as efficient and wasteless as possible.” (05:27)  

“What I feel is very valuable is how we empower our employees. We give them responsibility. We give them the ability to work. We’re not breathing down their backs. And, by doing that, we’ve created comfortability in the workplace and confidence in their abilities and what they do. We trust them tremendously to do the right thing.” (09:54) 

“I want people to be able to eat food off the floor in here. That’s our expectation on sanitation. I joked earlier that we clean ninety percent of the time and work on plants ten percent. There’s no excuse for our environment.” (16:01)  

“We want to grow for the people. It doesn’t matter what I like. It doesn’t matter what you like. It matters what the people want. So our goal is, tell us what you want and we’ll grow it.” (17:59)  

“Right now, we still need to figure out and be the best that we are in the space. It’s hyper-competitive in Michigan but we’re gonna stay in our lane. I’d rather pick one thing and be the best at one thing than do ten things and be average.” (20:38) 

Freedom Green – https://freedomgreenfarms.com/ 

Freedom Green Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/freedom_green_farms/ 

Freedom Green Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/freedomgreenllc/ 

Drew’s LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/drew-nowak-43993271/ 

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Ronnie Richardson is a Cultivation Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the alternative medicine industry. Ronnie works at Curaleaf, a leading international provider of consumer products in cannabis with a mission to improve lives by providing clarity around cannabis and confidence around consumption. Today, Ronnie joins the show to discuss best cultivation practices, the Ohio cannabis market, and what makes cannabis ‘craft.’ Ronnie shares his journey to the cannabis industry, advice he would give to those looking to break into the industry, and how he curated his leadership style.

00:00 – Michael introduces today’s guests, Cultivation Manager at Curaleaf, Ronnie Richardson, who shares his background in cannabis 

06:35 – Ronnie speaks to the Curaleaf facility, staff, and global presence 

09:44 – What Curaleaf is doing differently to maintain a high level of quality 

13:10 – The ‘Ohio Tenth’ 

15:58 – Curaleaf’s most popular products and how they decide what to grow 

22:03 – Where Ronnie curated his mature leadership style 

32:35 – Passionate people helping people through cannabis 

41:01 – Ohio: A non-combustible state 

47:05 – Restrictive products in the cannabis industry 

50:47 – The importance of HVAC systems and what makes cannabis ‘craft’ 

59:07 – Ronnie’s educational and career journey 

1:07:29 – The early days of Curaleaf and the different brands under the Curaleaf umbrella 

1:13:27 – What the future holds for Curaleaf 

1:15:15 – Advice Ronnie would give to those looking to enter the cannabis industry

1:17:28 – Michael thanks Ronnie for joining the show

“Everyone in the back comes from different walks of life across the board. But the one common denominator is that everyone is passionate about cannabis. We have a team back there that’s very like-minded in that regard. Everyone is passionate about the same thing. They love cannabis and they see the medical benefits that it provides for its patients. They take a lot of pride in what they do back there, and it shows in their work.” (06:07)  

“It’ll definitely be more of a hybrid approach. There’s always going to be different things growing in different states. It would be really challenging to standardize the same amount of strains across the board.” (21:23)  

“Everything starts with your people. There’s a lot of value in the people in your organization. Without great people, you don’t have an organization.” (24:09)  

“When I started learning about the endocannabinoid system, it really intrigued me. And I wanted to learn more about it. And I wanted to be part of changing that stigma around it.” (38:17)  

“A lot of people ask, ‘What makes cannabis craft? What dictates it? Is it because you’re hand watering your crop? Is it because it’s organic? What makes that craft? For me, it’s just cultivating with intent. It’s about putting that quality above the quantity aspect.” (51:50)  

“Whether it be a medical-driven state or rec-state, the same amount of care and passion goes into cultivating the same thing.” (1:09:20)  

“Curaleaf is on a mission to be the world’s leading cannabis company through education, accessibility, and customer satisfaction through high quality products backed by science.” (1:13:38) 

Curaleaf – https://ir.curaleaf.com/ 

Curaleaf LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/company/curaleaf/ 

Ronnie’s LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronald-richardson-066b8b208/ 

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Buckeye Relief is an Ohio owned and operated cannabis cultivator and processor. Today, members of the Buckeye Relief team, including VP of Cultivation, Matthew Kispert, and Director of Cultivation, Tyler Bracken, join the show to discuss the evolution of the cannabis industry in Ohio, what the role of a Section Grower entails, and what it means to foster a great culture. They talk about validation, single vs. multi-tier facilities, and the immense satisfaction they get from working with cannabis.

00:32 – Michael introduces today’s guests, members of the leadership team at Buckeye Relief, who share their various backgrounds and eclectic experiences that led them to the cannabis industry 

07:18 – The role of a Section Grower 

09:48 – Advice for those looking to enter the cannabis industry with limited cannabis experience 

15:30 – Pros and cons of single-tier and multi-tier facilities

23:40 – Building and fostering a great culture 

32:06 – The evolution of the Ohio cannabis market and the house of brands under Buckeye Relief 

36:10 – What validation means in the sanitation process 

44:03 – Top selling products at Buckeye Relief 

48:18 – The Sneak Peek Program

56:10 – What the future holds for Buckeye Relief 

59:01 – Final thoughts on the cannabis industry 

1:01:44 – Michael thanks the entire team for joining the show to share their unique insights

“A section grower is somebody who is basically the plants’ parents for nine weeks from veg to harvest. We take care of them from our little one foot babies to pain to up to five foot tall monstrosities that are a pain to work on, but we love them anyway.” (07:37)  

“A lot of us came into this industry not knowing anything. And so a big part of that is admitting, ‘Yes, I don’t know that, but I’m willing to learn. And if you teach me and provide me the tools necessary, I will prove to you I’m worth the investment.’ It’s finding those people that are willing to constantly step forward.” (14:06) 

“One of the biggest things that I have pushed since I’ve been in a leadership position is to be yourself and to come in here and not have the stresses from outside life. Just to come in, enjoy working with weed, and enjoy being who you are. And then for them to know that they can come to me at any time of day and they can call me at any time of night. Just being there for them when they need is a really important aspect to me.” (28:40) 

“Needless to say, if demand increases in Ohio, we will rise to the occasion.” (58:25) 

“I would say, if you want to be a part of something that is extremely rewarding, try to get into the cannabis industry. If you’re not afraid of hard work, get into the cannabis industry. Because with that hard work comes great reward.” (59:25)

Buckeye Relief – https://buckeyerelief.com/

Buckeye Relief Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/BuckeyeRelief

Matthew Kispert’s LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthew-kispert-1599aa95/

Tyler Bracken’s LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/tyler-bracken-15b511144/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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============

Meg Burritt is the Leader of Business Development and Kai Misner is the Leader of Hydroponic Technology at Planted Detroit, a beyond-organic farm that grows nutrient-packed greens and micros in a sustainable & controlled environment. Today, Meg and Kai join the show to discuss the vertical farming industry, food supply chain and Planted Detroit’s mission to make farming more efficient so communities can source fresh produce locally, on a year round basis. They detail the journey from seed to sale, share how they are fostering a compelling culture, and elaborate on the importance of biosecurity. 

00:33 – Michael introduces today’s guests, Meg Burritt and Kai Misner who join the show to share the vision of Planted Detroit and the opportunities they see in the vertical farming industry 

08:17 – Meg and Kai speculate on the future of Planted Detroit 

12:54 – The journey from seed to sale 

19:07 – Building and fostering a great team and a compelling culture 

25:33 – Kaizen & Toyota 

29:56 – The typical food supply chain system, explained 

34:28 – Working with white tablecloth restaurants and ‘community fridges’ 

37:48 – Meg and Kai elaborate on their biosecurity infrastructure and practices and how they sourcing and validate their seeds 

49:40 – Meg and Kai break down what goes into their salads 

53:17 – Michael thanks Meg and Kai for joining the show and lets listeners know where can learn more about Planted Detroit 

“We love this city and we want to be able to continue to contribute this sort of new technology as well as great jobs and good food for local markets. And then the goal is just to grow beyond that. Our founder Tom’s vision is to feed the world and absolutely views what we’re doing as additive to the food system.” (08:55) (Meg) 

“I think there was a lot to learn there as far as what are the requirements in the controlled environment. So, I think there were some benefits that we got as far as economy and capital investing initially, but also have some challenges around controlling climate in the hottest parts of the year.” (15:33) (Kai)

“It’s really fascinating to see the quality and the flavor of food in California. And then, as you progressively go East, the decline is significant, especially with leafy greens.” (32:05) (Kai) 

“We just are forever that Kaizen approach of how can we be more and more safe, both for our employees and our customers, but also for our company.” (40:21) (Meg) 

“Like most growers, we have had to source seeds from a lot of different people and kind of suss out which seed providers are really giving us the best quality seed, the cleanest seed. So, to kind of bridge the gap between seed and security, we do require good manufacturing and good agricultural practices from our seed providers.” (41:44) (Kai) 

“And from a sustainability perspective, it’s not just about that head of lettuce and how much pesticide it has on it, but how much is being absorbed into the soil and integrated into the ecosystem. And that impact may be net negative.” (48:28) (Meg) 

Planted Detroit – https://planteddetroit.com/ 

Planted Detroit Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/planted.detroit 

Planted Detroit Twitter – https://twitter.com/planteddetroit 

Planted Detroit Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/planted.detroit/ 

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

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• Michael and Andres discussed Retrofitting, transitioning from single-tier cultivation to multi-tiered cultivation.
• Retrofitting is prominent in maturing markets, driven by factors like energy codes (e.g., Title 24 in California) and rebate programs.
• Incentives such as rebates facilitate the transition to more efficient technologies like LED lighting.
• Most retrofit projects involve moving from single-tier HPS to multi-tier LED setups.
• Considerations during retrofitting include adjusting airflow, humidity, and cooling capacity to accommodate the increased canopy levels.
• How it's crucial to rethink mechanical system layout and size appropriately when retrofitting.
• The importance of environmental control outside of the cultivation rooms, such as in fertigation rooms, must be considered.
• Planning and investment are necessary for successful retrofitting, but the long-term benefits include increased production and efficiency.
• The process requires careful planning, investment, and adaptation to address structural, environmental, workflow, and efficiency challenges.
• Engaging with experts and leveraging innovative solutions can optimize facilities for vertical cultivation and maximize production potential.
• Anders and Michael per usual offer themselves as resources for those considering or undergoing retrofitting projects and encourage sharing experiences for mutual learning.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

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ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Owners of Indico, Josh Foley and Owen Miller are known as some of the best craft cannabis growers in Colorado. Their old school approach to cultivation allows them to give every plant the close attention it needs, and has resulted in them producing top shelf cannabis that features potent aromas and flavors. Today, they join the show to discuss their grow process, the critical role that music plays in their operation, and the inspiration behind some of the strains they have cultivated, including their award-winning Mandarin Sunset flower.  

00:01 – Michael welcomes to the show Josh Foley & Owen Miller who share the incredible origin story of their company, Indico 

05:53 – How Josh and Owen first met and connected 

09:26 – Bumps in the road along the entrepreneurial journey 

15:51 – Buying trends among consumers in the marketplace 

18:44 – Marijuana and music 

23:28 – Advice Josh and Owen would give to traditional growers 

31:42 – The inspiration behind some of the strains Josh and Owen have cultivated 

36:03 – Washing and solventless hash production explained 

37:20 – Josh and Owen speak to their partnership with Dialed In Gummies 

44:06 – Where listeners can find products by Indico and how the cannabis market has shifted 

51:41 – Josh and Owen speculate on what the future holds for Indico 

56:16 – Michael thanks Josh and Owen for joining the show

“When people see that first plant that’s just perfectly formed, it’s awe-inspiring and it gets them hooked like that.” (11:41) 

“What’s better than getting super blazed on your favorite strain and listening to your favorite music? It goes hand in hand.” (18:44) 

“The one thing that is blatantly apparent is that the plants are living things, and the mood and the environment around the plants affects the plant growth itself. And so, by playing music, we’re trying to create this positive energy and vibe in the garden that then translates to the plants being happier.” (20:27) 

“It’s probably the number one thing that we’ve noticed that growers overlook when we go into their facilities is that a lot of times their rooms are just way too dry to start out and the plants are not flourishing.” (28:12) 

“Well, it basically comes down to one of two different types of cultivators. You’re either cultivating for high-end flower, or you’re cultivating for extraction.” (49:19) 

Indico Colorado – https://indicocolorado.com/ 

Dialed In Gummies – https://www.dialedingummies.com/ 

Indico Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/indicocoloradoinc/ 

Josh’s Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/jfoley0711/

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

📺 Watch this episode on YouTube

============

Daniel Craveiro is the Director of Research & Development at Camaraderie Group, an organization that includes such brands as Mayflower Farms and Sirona Cultivated. Today, Michael and Daniel engage in a deep discussion on the cannabis industry, fertigation systems, and the difference between traditional cultivation methods and multi-tiered setups.

Daniel entered the regulated Cannabis industry in 2009 while pursuing a degree in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Since 2009, Daniel has had ample experience in Cultivation and Manufacturing facility design and build, equipment and methodology selection and implementation and facility commissioning and training. He has contributed to the design and build of multiple ground-up and retrofit facilities across multiple states including Colorado, Michigan and California. Daniel has contributed to the development of the DAGDA Fertigation System, which is a state-of-the-art suite of automated plant irrigation solutions for cultivators that uses real-time plant data to make irrigation decisions. This system allows cultivators to make data-driven decisions that contribute to consistent, reproducible crop outcomes. Daniel has also conducted research in the field of Cannabis plant sciences and manufacturing techniques and has collaborated on research with prominent companies and institutions in the field of Cannabis sciences and product development. Daniel has been a part of award-winning teams, including being a recipient of awards from High Times magazine, the THC Classic Cup and The 710 Showdown.

00:01 – Daniel joins the show to share his origin story, cannabis cultivation, and transdermal patches 

06:36 – Revolutionizing the world of cannabis sales 

08:29 – Multi-State Operators (MSO), explained 

13:00 – Fertigation systems 

18:59 – Daniel describes some of the infrastructure he has in place at Mayflower Farms 

22:38 – The difference between solventless and solvent-based extracts 

31:02 – Transitioning from traditional cultivation methods to multi-tiered setups 

34:50 – Daniel speaks to some of the innovations they are working on at Mayflower Farms 

42:05 – Initiatives to be environmentally friendly and to continuously improve 

45:07 – Tips for building a great culture 

46:39 – Advice Daniel would give to those considering shifting from single to multi-tier 

48:52 – Michael thanks Daniel for joining the show 

“We don’t see this being an industry that has a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, which is the perception that a lot of people have. Our perception of the industry is that it’s just like any other, but we have an opportunity to be in it a bit ahead and a bit early.” (09:24) 

“We looked at the existing fertigation systems that were in the market and we saw some of the deficits they had in terms of being applicable to cannabis specifically. So, we decided to jump full on into that endeavor. What we’ve done since is basically develop a set of systems for fertilizer mixing, fertilizer delivery to the plant - so irrigation - and then also substrate monitoring.” (14:56) 

“It’s very unique how you find these groups or families of strains that share characteristics…I think there’s a very big world of complements that can occur in cannabis that people aren’t exploring as much. And we’re curious about it so we’re playing around with it.” (30:35) 

“One of the biggest challenges in cannabis right now is accounting. It’s a very complex business to do this and there’s a lot of different components to it. A lot of growers actually don’t know how much it costs them to grow a pound of product.” (40:55) 

“We try to adopt the concept of continuous improvement in our company. You could say it’s a cliche thing, but when you get it into the heads of every team member out there and you walk the floor, you notice that people are looking around for ways to make their lives better.” (43:39) 

DAGDA Fertigation - https://www.dagdafertigation.com

Mayflower Farms – https://mayflowerfarms.com/ 

Mayflower Farms Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/mayflowerfarms/ 

Sirona Cultivated – https://sironacultivated.com/ 

The Perfect Elevation – https://www.theperfectelevation.com/ 

ThePerfect Elevation Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/summit_theperfectelevation/ 

Dozuki – https://www.dozuki.com/ 

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4nNnNCiwS5k5GX7BaXIrbA

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/18333737/

Pipp Horticulture Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/pipphorticulture/

In this trailer, Host Michael Williamson shares a bit of his background as well as the inspiration for the Cultivation Elevated podcast.

📺 Subscribe and watch on our Youtube channel

The discussion revolves around the optimization of labor and space efficiency in cannabis cultivation.

Anders and Michael highlight the importance of streamlining labor processes and minimizing touch-points to increase productivity and reduce costs.

They emphasize the significance of time-saving measures in labor-intensive tasks, as seconds can translate to significant savings in labor costs.

The conversation delves into the transition to multi-tier cultivation systems and the challenges growers face, particularly regarding labor access to upper tiers.

Solutions such as Elevate platform systems are discussed as game-changers in enabling efficient access to multiple tiers for cultivation tasks.

The complexity of engineering and designing multi-tier cultivation rooms is addressed, reframing it as a matter of familiarity rather than inherent complexity.

Anders and Michael stress the importance of growers stepping out of their comfort zones to embrace new cultivation methods, which ultimately leads to improved proficiency.

They highlight the advantages of multi-tier cultivation in maximizing space efficiency and increasing yield potential.

A specific example is provided where a grower plans to retrofit their single-level facility to multi-tier after experiencing the benefits.

The discussion concludes with an emphasis on the role of top-line revenue in reducing costs and the commitment to providing growers with valuable information and tools for success.

Overall, the podcast provides insights into the optimization of labor and space efficiency in cannabis cultivation through the adoption of multi-tier systems and innovative cultivation methods.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe and watch on our Youtube channel

Michael and Anders cover topics such as tier heights in flower rooms, considerations for tier spacing, pros and cons of different heights, ideal tier spacing, and considerations for veg and mother rooms.

Overall, they emphasize the importance of considering factors like lighting efficiency, airflow efficiency, ceiling height, plant stretch, environmental control, substrate type and volume, handling processes, and the use of inner canopy lighting when determining tier spacing in different cultivation environments. They suggest that a tier spacing of around 5.5 to 6 feet is often ideal for flower rooms, while tier spacing in veg rooms can vary depending on factors such as cultivation strategy and plant growth duration.

Tier Spacing in Multi-Tier Cultivation:

• Multi-tier cultivation or vertical farming involves spacing between grow trays and the bottom of grow lights, known as tier heights or tier spacings.
• Different tiers correspond to different stages of plant growth, such as mother, veg, and flower rooms.
• Flower rooms typically have two levels with equidistant tier spacings.
• New cultivators often worry about plant stretch and request tall tier spacings to prevent plants from growing into lights.
• Tall tier spacings (over 6.5 ft) can lead to inefficiencies in lighting and airflow, requiring lights to run at higher percentages and airflow systems to work harder.
• Ceiling height is a critical factor when determining tier spacings; maximizing rack height may not be ideal due to constraints like mechanical installations and air circulation.
• Shorter tier spacings (around 4 to 4.5 ft) can improve lighting uniformity and penetration but require precise cultivation schedules to avoid plant stretch and light burn.
• The ideal tier spacing for flower rooms is around 5.5 to 6 ft, providing a balance between efficient lighting, airflow, and environmental control.

Considerations for Tier Spacing in Flower Rooms:

• Ceiling height should accommodate the total height of racks and leave room for environmental buffer space above the racks.
• Tall tier spacings may lead to inefficient lighting and airflow, requiring higher energy consumption.
• Shorter tier spacings can improve light uniformity and penetration but require careful management of plant height and cultivation schedules.
• Inner canopy lighting can enhance light distribution and increase yields, especially in tall plant environments.

Considerations for Tier Spacing in Veg Rooms:

• Veg rooms typically have shorter tier spacings (around 3 to 3.5 ft) to accommodate smaller plants and shorter growth cycles.
• Advanced cultivators may opt for longer veg cycles (10 to 14 days), requiring taller tier spacings (up to 14 ft) to accommodate plant growth.
• Longer veg cycles may lead to stalling moments and reduced vigor if not managed properly.
• Considerations include plant density, growth medium, and cultivation strategy when determining tier spacings in veg rooms.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe and watch on our Youtube channel

Introduction and Background

• This episode of Cultivation Elevated discusses vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production.
• Guest Atiyyah Ferouz is introduced as a consultant, educator, plant scientist, and CEO/co-founder of AgCann Consultancy and the International Cannabis Quality Standards Association (ICQSA) - she joins Anders and Michael this week. 

Atiyyah Ferouzs’ Career and Work

• Atiyyah started in the cannabis industry in 2018 with a background in genetic engineering and plant biotechnology.
• She managed a large cannabis greenhouse and launched her consultancy in 2020, specializing in emerging markets.
• Atiyyah helps clients worldwide with operations, commercialization, and quality assurance, focusing on compliance with standards like GACP and GMP.

GACP and GMP Standards

• GACP (Good Agricultural and Collection Practices) covers the cultivation side, while GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) covers post-harvest processes.
• Different countries have varying interpretations of these standards.
• GMP emphasizes documentation, flexibility, and continuous improvement, making it adaptable to various industries, including cannabis.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

• QA (Quality Assurance) involves process documentation, staff training, and adherence checks.
• QC (Quality Control) focuses on testing and ensuring the quality of the final product.
• Both QA and QC are essential for compliance and producing high-quality products.

Challenges and Insights in Cannabis Regulation

• Atiyyah emphasizes the need for tailored regulations for cannabis, as it doesn't fit neatly into traditional agricultural, pharmaceutical, or natural health product categories.
• She advocates for a quota-based system similar to dairy production to manage supply and demand.
• There are misconceptions about best practices and the flexibility allowed by GMP.

Global Collaboration and Industry Standards

• Atiyyah discusses the importance of global standards for legitimizing the cannabis industry.
• The ICQSA aims to develop consistent international standards to facilitate trade and ensure quality.
• Global collaboration can help stabilize markets, improve price points, and promote genetic diversity.

Remediation and Quality in Cannabis Production

• Remediation techniques, though sometimes viewed negatively, are necessary for meeting stringent microbial standards.
• Techniques like irradiation and cold plasma are used to ensure product safety without compromising quality.
• Atiyyah believes that dried flower should not be considered a pharmaceutical product due to its variability and the challenges in maintaining consistency.

Conclusion

• The podcast concludes with a discussion on the future of the cannabis industry and the importance of ongoing learning and adaptation.
• Atiyyah highlights the value of international standards and the need for the industry to self-regulate to ensure quality and legitimacy.

This episode of Cultivation Elevated provides valuable insights into the complexities of cannabis regulation, the importance of quality assurance, and the benefits of global collaboration in the industry.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe and watch on our Youtube channel

• Veg Timing Importance: Timing veg growth is crucial for determining plant height and structure before transitioning to the flowering phase. It directly impacts yield and performance in the grow.
• Vegetative Phase Overview: The vegetative phase involves keeping plants under an 18-hour photo period, allowing them to grow shoots and roots to establish a robust structure for flowering.
• Veg Length Determination: The length of veg directly influences plant height in the flowering phase, particularly significant in vertical farming and multi-tier growing setups.
• Optimal Veg Duration: While a 10 to 14-day veg is ideal for advanced cultivators with optimal environments, some factors like genetics and environmental conditions may extend veg time.
• Managing Stretch: Stretch refers to rapid plant growth during the early flowering phase triggered by a 12-hour photo period. Proper veg timing helps anticipate and manage this stretch to avoid issues like plants growing into lights or obstructing airflow.
• Techniques to Control Stretch: Environmental cues, such as day-to-night temperature differentials, and irrigation strategies can help mitigate stretch. Additionally, plant training techniques like topping or super cropping can be employed.
• Variability in Cultivar Behavior: Some cultivars exhibit slow veg growth but finish flowering rapidly. Understanding each cultivar's growth patterns is essential for effective cultivation planning.
• No Veg Strategy: An emerging trend in some regions involves skipping the traditional veg phase and directly transitioning rooted clones into flowering, particularly in high-density planting setups.
• Closing Thoughts: Successful cannabis cultivation requires understanding and adapting to various factors like genetics, environment, and cultivation techniques. Cultivators are encouraged to experiment, gather data, and tailor their approach to their specific growing conditions.

This conversation provides valuable insights for cannabis cultivators, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning and adaptability in optimizing plant growth and yield.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• European Cannabis Market Variances: The European cannabis market varies significantly depending on the country. Spain still has a significant black market presence, while countries like Switzerland, Holland, Germany, and Malta are more interested in multi-tier cultivation due to advancements in legalization and commercial construction.
• Legalization in Germany: Germany recently decriminalized possession and consumption of cannabis, allowing citizens to possess up to 25 grams and grow up to three plants at home. They also introduced a website to indicate areas where public consumption is permitted.
• Enforcement and Penalties: There are discussions about penalties for public consumption in restricted zones and the need for responsible consumption etiquette.
• Germany's Influence: Germany's approach to legalization is seen as influential for other European countries due to its significant population and international standing, potentially setting a precedent for other nations to follow.
• Pilot Programs: Several European countries, including Switzerland and the Netherlands, have implemented pilot programs to explore regulated cannabis cultivation and distribution.
• Lessons from US Legalization: The conversation draws parallels between the US and European approaches to legalization, highlighting differences in regulatory frameworks and the challenges of navigating state-by-state regulations.
• Regulatory Challenges: The discussion touches on the difficulties of regulatory compliance in the cannabis industry, including tracking systems like Metric and the debate between regulating by plant count versus canopy square footage.
• Potential Future Podcast Topics: Anders and Michael express interest in discussing nuanced differences in cannabis regulations across different US states and potentially exploring topics like cultivation strategies and regulatory efficiency in future podcasts.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Spannabis Experience: Anders shared his personal experience at Spannabis, highlighting the vibrant social club scene in Barcelona and the excitement around cannabis culture and legalization. They particularly enjoyed the hash scene, with notable mention of Piatella hash and its unique curing process.
• International Travel and Awareness of Pipp Horticulture: Anders discussed his surprise at the international recognition of Pipp, indicating that many attendees were familiar with the brand. They also mentioned their upcoming presence at events in Europe, inviting cultivators to engage with them.
• Concerns about Pathogen Spread Through Seeds: There was a discussion about the spread of pathogens and viruses through seeds, emphasizing the importance of responsible breeding practices and testing to prevent the transmission of diseases.
• Quality of Exhibits at Spannabis: The conversation touched on the impressive quality of exhibits at Spannabis, noting the elaborate and stylish booths, which reflected the sophistication of the European cannabis industry.
• Comparison with Other Cannabis Events: Anders and Michael compared Spannabis to other cannabis events like MJ Biz Con and Canna Fest, highlighting differences in atmosphere, attendee engagement, and the quality of conversations with growers.
• Upcoming Events and Engaging with Pipp Horticulture: Michael and Anders discussed their plans to attend upcoming events in Europe and encouraged listeners to engage with them at these events, promising informative discussions about cannabis cultivation.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Introduction & Guest Overview:
• Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson host Cultivation Elevated, discussing innovations in vertical farming and cannabis production. They welcome Cale Winters, owner of Rhythm Cultivation Solutions and Services (Rhythm CSS), which specializes in horticultural automation and controls.
• Background of Rhythm CSS:
• Winters explains his journey from industrial engineering to founding Rhythm CSS, driven by the goal of developing automation solutions for complex cultivation environments like cannabis.
• Rhythm CSS offers fully integrated control systems for managing lighting, irrigation, fertigation, and environmental parameters in grow facilities.
• Early Challenges in Cannabis Cultivation:
• Cultivation previously relied heavily on manual processes, which were labor-intensive and inconsistent.
• Winters highlights the lack of accessible, cannabis-specific automation and control systems, which led to inefficiencies in commercial grows.
• Fertigation and Environmental Control:
• Rhythm CSS designs customized fertigation systems with options for batch and direct injection setups to suit different grow operations.
• Cale Winters emphasizes the importance of day storage for managing water supply and irrigation needs, particularly in high-frequency watering programs used in crop steering.
• User-Friendly Interface and Training:
• Rhythm CSS's platform is tailored for cultivators, making it intuitive and easy to learn compared to traditional industrial control systems.
• The system allows for cross-training and quick on-boarding, reducing dependency on specialized staff and mitigating risks if key employees leave.
• Data Collection and Automation:
• The importance of data in cultivation is stressed, especially for maintaining consistency and identifying trends.
• Rhythm CSS’s platform enables comprehensive data collection across all systems, providing insights for operators and facilitating better decision-making.
• Challenges with Space Allocation and Design Flexibility:
• Many grow facilities under-allocate space for fertigation and water storage, leading to design challenges.
• Rhythm CSS assists clients with custom equipment layouts to maximize space efficiency without compromising functionality.
• Redundancy and Risk Mitigation:
• Winters recommends having backup water and treatment systems, ideally storing at least two days' worth of water.
• Redundant systems are essential for mitigating the impact of equipment failures or supply interruptions.
• Future of AI and Machine Learning in Cultivation:
• Rhythm CSS is exploring AI applications to enhance predictive analytics and automate responses to environmental conditions.
• However, Winters emphasizes the importance of reliable sensor data and warns against rushing AI solutions into critical processes.
• Sensor Technology:
• Rhythm CSS has integrated advanced sensors to improve the accuracy of environmental monitoring.
• Proper sensor placement and maintenance are critical to ensuring accurate data and avoiding potential errors with automated adjustments.
• Conclusion & Contact Information:
• For those interested in Rhythm CSS solutions, Winters provides contact details and encourages potential clients to reach out for personalized consultations.

This episode provides an in-depth look at Rhythm CSS's role in advancing cannabis cultivation technology, emphasizing automation, customization, and data-driven insights to optimize growing operations.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Introduction: Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson introduce this episode of "Cultivation Elevated" - the episode's focus on airflow mapping and quantification in vertical farming and cannabis production.
• Project Example: Michael shares his experience working on a startup project and the importance of commissioning the building and team for airflow optimization, especially in multi-tiered systems.
• Airflow and Plant Growth: Anders emphasizes how airflow is a crucial factor in plant growth, acting as a balancing factor for energy, VPD (vapor pressure deficit), and other parameters.
• Mapping Airflow:
• Michael discusses his approach to airflow mapping using drawings, measurements at consistent elevations, and data quantification for better airflow management.
• Anders highlights the benefits of using both direct and indirect methods (airflow sensors and leaf surface temperature readings) to create airflow maps.
• Tools and Techniques:
• Discussion on tools like hot-wire anemometers for accurate airflow measurement and why infrared thermometers with adjustable emissivity are needed for proper leaf surface temperature measurements.
• Tips for measuring air velocity, spacing, plant height, and using color-coded maps in Excel for easy visual analysis.
• Airflow and Yield:
• Poor airflow leads to issues like hotspots, uneven plant growth, and reduced yields.
• Too much airflow can also cause issues like nutrient toxicities or wrinkly leaves.
• Optimal Airflow Ranges:
• Optimal airflow for veg and flowering stages discussed, generally ranging from 200 to 300 feet per minute.
• Emphasis on the need to find consistency in airflow distribution across the growing space.
• Leaf Surface Temperature:
• The importance of taking leaf surface temperature measurements during the middle of the photo period.
• These readings help monitor plant health and ensure VPD is within acceptable ranges.
• Room Design and Commissioning:
• Suggestions on room design planning, including considering airflow distribution and using technologies like CFD (computational fluid dynamics) modeling for precise planning.
• A discussion about retrofitting or designing rooms to maximize airflow and minimize future issues.
• New Technology:
• Michael discusses Pipp’s VA S 2.0 airflow system, which provides more control over airflow and energy efficiency, allowing growers to dial in airflow to meet specific needs.
• Practical Advice:
• The episode closes with advice on regularly checking airflow, understanding the value of airflow mapping, and recognizing how airflow can impact yield and overall crop quality.

This episode dives deep into how proper airflow management in indoor and vertical farming environments can significantly enhance crop health, growth, and consistency.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Podcast Title & Hosts: Cultivation Elevated, hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson.
• Episode Topic: Discussion on retrofitting cannabis cultivation facilities, energy rebates, and emerging markets for cannabis.
• Guest Speakers: Mitch Galton (Director of Business Development) and Brett Cherniack (VP of Sales) from Urban Gro, a company providing integrated design and engineering solutions for controlled environment agriculture (CEA) facilities.

Key Discussion Points:

• Urban Grow’s Services:
• Specializes in retrofitting existing facilities and energy-efficient solutions for cannabis cultivation and other CEA industries.
• Offers architectural design, cultivation system integration, and equipment commissioning.
• Retrofitting Cannabis Facilities:
• Challenges include assessing existing infrastructure (power, water, and space layout), especially in transitioning non-cannabis buildings.
• Planning is critical, focusing on utilities, space allocation, and goals before starting a project.
• Importance of ensuring proper infrastructure (HVAC, lighting) before retrofitting.
• Types of Retrofits:
• Existing cannabis facilities needing upgrades versus non-cannabis facilities being converted.
• Challenges with distressed assets, where companies failed, requiring complete overhauls.
• Converting single-level facilities to multi-tiered systems to increase canopy space but requiring significant HVAC and lighting upgrades.
• Building Selection for Retrofits:
• Important to consider zoning, local regulations, utility availability, and city support when selecting a building for a retrofit.
• Delays in power availability can derail timelines and budgets, sometimes taking up to 24 months to get proper utility infrastructure.
• Energy Rebates:
• Significant rebates available for upgrading lighting and HVAC systems, covering up to 100% of the costs in some cases.
• Utilities have become more knowledgeable about cannabis cultivation and offer tailored energy efficiency programs.
• Planning ahead for energy rebates can save a company substantial amounts, and waiting for rebate approvals (about 4 weeks) is strongly recommended before making purchases.
• New Cannabis Markets:
• Examples from new states like Alabama and Kentucky show the challenges of being the first to market, such as not having patients or customers yet.
• Importance of scaling cultivation in phases to match market demand and avoid overbuilding.
• Challenges in HVAC Rebates:
• HVAC rebates are more complex to calculate compared to lighting due to constant system usage in cannabis cultivation.
• Some states are developing more prescriptive rebate programs for dehumidifiers, a major part of HVAC systems in cultivation facilities.
• Closing Thoughts:
• Both Mitch and Brett emphasize the importance of detailed planning, especially when dealing with capital-intensive retrofits.
• Urban Gro’s team has extensive experience in cannabis, helping cultivators make smart decisions regarding retrofits, new facilities, and energy rebates.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• Podcast Episode Summary: Cultivation Elevated
• Hosts: Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson
• Guest: Dr. Allison Justice, Cannabis Research Coalition and Hemp Mine
• Episode Focus:
• The episode centers on a collaborative research initiative led by Pipp Horticulture and the Cannabis Research Coalition to investigate airflow in cannabis vertical farming. The conversation dives into the complexities of designing research facilities, the importance of airflow optimization, and the potential impact on yield, quality, and efficiency in commercial cannabis cultivation.
• Key Topics Discussed:
• 1. Research Facility Buildout
• Project Overview:
• A year-and-a-half-long project to create a state-of-the-art cannabis research facility.
• Pipp Horticulture partnered with Dr. Allison Justice and several leading equipment manufacturers.
• Focus on studying the impact of airflow on cannabis growth, including transpiration, photosynthesis, and pathogen resistance.
• Facility Design:
• Three identical grow rooms (12x8 feet each, 9-foot ceilings) with a single dry room.
• Research trials will include control and test parameter groups to analyze airflow effects.

• 2. Airflow and Environmental Controls
• Challenges with Airflow in Vertical Farming:
• Limited existing research on airflow parameters specific to cannabis cultivation.
• Optimization needed for high-light environments and precise irrigation strategies.
• Technological Solutions:
• Use of omnidirectional hotwire anemometers for accurate airflow monitoring.
• Integration with Growlink for 24/7 data collection and trend analysis.
• Ducted dehumidifiers and mini-split air conditioners to maintain uniform climate control.
• Research Goals:
• Determining optimal airflow velocities for different growth stages.
• Understanding how airflow affects yield, potency, terpene profiles, and crop health.

• 3. Industry Applications
• Impact on Cultivators:
• Providing data-driven insights for growers to improve consistency, reduce labor, and optimize climate control.
• Addressing long-standing "bro science" in cannabis cultivation with hard data.
• Broader Benefits:
• Results will guide engineers, HVAC designers, and equipment manufacturers.
• Potential to inform future Pipp Horticulture product development.
• Aims to reduce operational costs and improve overall grower success.

• 4. Collaboration and Long-Term Vision
• Key Partnerships:
• Collaboration with leading vendors like Growlink, Vertical Air Solutions, and Athena.
• Dr. Justice’s team actively involved in facility buildout and ongoing research.
• Research Scope:
• Multiyear trials producing quarterly results, made publicly available to benefit the industry.
• Exploration of additional variables like light intensity, nutrient strategies, and climate controls.
• Public Outreach:
• Plans to share findings through podcasts, reports, and events like MJBizCon 2024.

• Key Takeaways:
• Importance of Airflow Optimization:
• Cannabis plants require significantly more airflow than other crops due to higher light intensities and faster transpiration rates.
• Preliminary estimates suggest optimal airflow of 100-200 feet per minute (veg) and 200-300 feet per minute (flower).
• Data-Driven Cultivation:
• Proper airflow can improve yield, reduce pest/disease susceptibility, and eliminate reliance on subjective grower intuition.
• The use of environmental biophysics models provides actionable insights for improving plant growth efficiency.
• Innovation for Growers:
• The project aims to replace guesswork with science, equipping growers with practical, evidence-based recommendations.

• Conclusion:
• The episode highlights a groundbreaking effort to understand and optimize airflow in cannabis cultivation. By bridging the gap between grower intuition and scientific research, the team aims to empower the industry with actionable insights to maximize efficiency, yield, and crop quality. This initiative underscores Pipp Horticulture’s commitment to supporting the cannabis community through innovation and collaboration.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on Youtube

• Episode focus: Mastering the veg → flower transition—called the most influential ~10-day window of the cycle. Bad transitions cap yield early; you can’t “add days” later.
• Core idea: Avoid compounding stress. Moving plants is already stressful—don’t stack harsh environmental shifts, heavy pruning/topping, high VPD, and high EC all at once.
• Environment fundamentals
• Lighting / DLI matching: Match day-one flower DLI to veg by increasing intensity (PPFD) for the shorter 12-hour photoperiod.
• Typical targets: ~35–40 mol·m⁻²·day⁻¹ early, ramp to ~45–50 later.
• 
  
• VPD matching: Keep VPD close to veg on flip; veg ~0.8–1.0 kPa, then ease into ~1.2–1.4 kPa early flower rather than jumping to dry rooms (1.5–2.0 kPa is too stressful at flip).
• Use VPD strategically to moderate stretch (slightly lower VPD can curb internodal elongation).
• 
  
• CO₂: Less finicky but watch costs. Start around ~800 ppm (veg level), 800–1000 ppm in week 1–2, then up to ~1200–1400 ppm depending on style.
• Humidity & red stems
• Many flower rooms lack humidification; day-one rooms run too dry, forcing excessive transpiration and causing stress cues like red stems.
• Plants are humidifiers, but early in flower they’re too small to humidify the room—installing steam/dedicated humidifiers prevents early drought stress.
• EC balance with VPD: High EC + high VPD (e.g., 1.5–2.0 kPa) risks toxicity/lockout. If humidity is good, 3.0 EC is fine; if day-one is dry, start with lower EC until humidity improves.
• “Balance over silos” principle
• Climate (light/VPD/CO₂), root-zone, and irrigation are intrinsically linked. Don’t change one without adjusting the others (“law of minimums” thinking).
• 
  
• Canopy management
• Topping vs. no topping: Depends on planting density and cultivar. Topping can delay flower set 3–5 days—costly in a fast crop. Many short/medium cultivars in dense programs perform better untopped.
• Crop registration: Build a simple program to learn genetics (short/medium/tall, heavy/light feeders, topping response).
• Run experiments with new cultivars (e.g., vary drip stakes and leave some untopped) to see true morphology and water response.
• 
  
• Defoliation/skirting: Do light skirting in the last 5–7 veg days for airflow and access (easier emitter placement). Avoid heavy defol or topping right before flip—it causes hormonal “whiplash.”
• Trellis best practices: Usually two layers suffice (third is for extremes). Lay both layers in one visit and “hover” the second high, then slide down as plants grow.
• Aim for ~1 top per square; redistribute shoots early before stems get rigid.
• Substrate & rooting strategy
• Common at flip: block-on-slab or block-on-coco.
• Veg-in-place vs. flip immediately:
• Anders’ take: Prefer no veg-in-place if environment is dialed; accept 3–5 days of natural rooting lag (“roots before shoots”) rather than adding calendar time.
• Exception: If day-one flower VPD is too high/dry, consider 3–5 days veg-in-place to avoid compounding stress.
• Requires team precision in irrigation/root-zone control; know your crew’s skill level and market economics (days matter in tight markets).
• Plant readiness (flip criteria)
• Mature root mass fully colonizing its substrate and healthy apical growth—a plant that can handle rapid cell division without collapsing under stress.
• In multi-tier programs, typical veg finish: ~12–18 inches tall with rooted substrate.
• Substrate size trend: Smaller, faster-to-root media (e.g., ~1-gal coco/rockwool); in 2025, 3-gal is “large.”
• Operational pitfalls & lean moves
• Flip too early → low yield density, inconsistent canopy heights.
• Flip too late → light competition, airflow issues, pest/mildew pressure.
• Watch for empty trellis squares—a cue to revisit density or veg time.
• Lean practice: Combine tasks (e.g., apply both trellises once), reduce unnecessary motion.
• Team alignment & checklists
• Synchronize irrigation techs, plant techs, HVAC—use a transition checklist so day-one through day-ten needs are clear.
• 
  
• Digital readiness (often forgotten)
• Update track-and-trace (e.g., METRC) plant moves.
• Reset control systems to Day 1 / Week 1 of flower; load verified climate recipes.
• Fill day tanks, flush/clean lines, and set the correct fertilizer recipe.
• Ensure fertigation & climate computers are synchronized on the same day/phase.
• Turn on production tracking (e.g., Aroya harvest tracker) on Day 1.
• Do a quick pass to confirm valves/states are correct.
• Process discipline
• Treat transition as a plant-readiness checkpoint, not a calendar date (when possible).
• Favor small, coordinated adjustments (VPD/EC/irrigation timing) over dramatic single-parameter swings.
• Document & debrief every flip; measure stretch (yes, the humble measuring tape) to inform future runs.
• Wrap-up
• Balance across parameters—not mono-factor tweaks—is what consistently nails the transition and elevates both yield and quality.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

This episode explores the future of cannabis cultivation, focusing on emerging tech, sustainability, and automation with Anders and Michael:

• Digital twins allow growers to simulate environmental changes in a virtual model of their grow room, predicting outcomes like microclimates, transpiration rates, and yield impacts before making real-world adjustments.
• These systems integrate real-time sensor data with AI and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling to enable more precise, predictive crop management.
• CFD modeling for airflow, temperature, and CO₂ behavior in grow rooms is currently expensive but expected to become more accessible, potentially standard in future facility planning.
• Energy monitoring is predicted to evolve from whole-facility tracking to equipment-specific monitoring, helping optimize individual systems and reduce consumption.
• Closed-loop water recirculation systems are highlighted as a major sustainability trend, treating and reusing city water, condensate, and nutrient runoff through a central filtration system to minimize waste.
• Nutrient recovery systems exist today that can remove fertilizer from water via flash evaporation, though separating specific nutrients is seen as a longer-term innovation.
• Humanoid robotics may begin replacing low-skill labor tasks like defoliation, offering reliability and consistency in areas where human turnover is high. There’s caution about potential malfunctions.
• Lighting has rapidly shifted from HPS to highly efficient LEDs, with some fixtures now achieving over 3.0 micromoles per joule efficiency. Adjustable spectrum LEDs offer targeted benefits but slightly lower efficiency.
• AI-controlled lighting systems are expected to dynamically adjust light intensity, spectrum, and photoperiod based on real-time plant data instead of preset schedules.
• CO₂ delivery systems are seen as mostly mature, but innovation in sourcing like direct air capture or repurposing fermentation CO₂ is likely to emerge.
• HVAC infrastructure will likely remain structurally stable, but control systems and refrigerants are expected to evolve, particularly with environmental regulations pushing R410A out of the market.
• Hosts anticipate building materials like phase change materials could become more common in grow room construction.
• The episode wraps with the hosts expressing appreciation for their niche but engaged audience, encouraging feedback and questions, and highlighting their openness to discussing real-world cultivation challenges on future episodes.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

In this episode, the team from Endless Biotech, represented by Gary Holland and Teddy Pillay, joins the Pipp Horticulture podcast to share a transparent look into their cultivation journey. They discuss the evolution of their internal systems, the importance of flexibility and data in refining operations, and how team culture plays a critical role in maintaining both productivity and morale. Gary and Teddy highlight their collaborative mindset - openly sharing knowledge with other growers and emphasize their appreciation for the support and technology provided by Pipp and their vertical racking systems. The conversation underscores a shared mission between Endless and Pipp to raise the bar for the industry through education, innovation, and community, closing with mutual gratitude and a commitment to ongoing partnership.

Endless Biotech, represented by Gary and Teddy, shares insights into their operations, innovations, and lessons learned as a cultivator using vertical farming systems.

Gary highlights the company’s approach to evolving SOPs, adapting to automation, and continuously refining processes through trial and error and internal feedback.

Teddy emphasizes the importance of culture, clear communication, and team cohesion in maintaining high performance and avoiding burnout.

Both reps underscore the value of data-driven decision making and being proactive rather than reactive in their grow operations.

The group discusses how Endless Biotech collaborates with other growers and vendors (like Pipp), and how a shared commitment to transparency and learning helps lift the entire industry.

Gary and Teddy express deep appreciation for their relationship with Pipp Horticulture, citing the impact of Pipp’s vertical racking systems on their grow capabilities.

Pipp’s hosts express gratitude in return, noting that the podcast’s purpose is education and community building, not sales.

The episode closes with mutual respect and a forward-looking commitment to collaboration and ongoing support.

🌱 Collaboration & Innovation-Focused

1. Inside Endless Biotech: Building a Transparent, Data-Driven Grow Operation
2. Elevating Cultivation: Endless Biotech’s Journey with Pipp Horticulture
3. From Racks to Results: How Endless Biotech Optimizes with Pipp
4. Open Source Growing: Gary & Teddy of Endless Biotech Share Their Playbook
5. Partnering for Progress: Endless Biotech & Pipp’s Shared Mission to Educate

🎙️ Personality-Driven or Conversational

1. Gary & Teddy from Endless Biotech: Growing Smarter, Not Just Bigger
2. Beyond the Grow Room: Endless Biotech Talks Culture, Data & Innovation
3. No Secrets, Just Systems: Endless Biotech's Radical Transparency in Cultivation

🔧 Technical + Inspirational

1. Scaling Sustainably: Endless Biotech on Systems, Culture, and Vertical Farming
2. The Endless Biotech Method: Flexibility, Feedback, and Vertical Integration

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Featured Guest: Dr. Allison Justice

• Renowned for her research-driven approach to cannabis cultivation and post-harvest science.
• Leads the conversation on smokability, drying/curing, and the importance of data-backed airflow control.
• Brings years of experience and a scientific lens to solving cultivation challenges in a maturing cannabis industry.

Pipp Horticulture x Fog City Farms Collaboration

• Discussion centers around Fog City’s vertical racking system with Fluence LEDs and Pipp airflow tech.
• Focus on multi-tier flower room environments and the complexities of airflow across different canopy levels.
• Dr. Justice provides context on the importance of maintaining environmental consistency across all tiers.

Custom Airflow & Environmental Control

• Use of automated blackout curtains, duct socks, and return air systems to tailor airflow.
• Goal: Improve control over humidity, temperature, and VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit), especially during dry/cure.
• Allison emphasizes the challenge of ensuring airflow reaches lower tiers effectively without over-drying top tiers.

The Science of Smokability

• Dr. Justice shares her passion for exploring what makes a cannabis product "smoke well."
• Going beyond terpenes and cultivar, and into deeper physiological variables.
• Inspired by tobacco research—looking into chlorophyll content, sugar levels, etc.
• Acknowledges that in-depth testing is costly and time-intensive, but vital for product quality.

Dry & Cure – The Most Critical Phase

• Dr. Justice discusses how this phase often gets overlooked but has the biggest impact on final product.
• Fog City’s data collection over multiple years has helped them understand how drying conditions affect smokeability.
• Calls for the industry to standardize best practices in this area.

Ongoing Research Trial Series

• This episode marks the beginning of an airflow-focused trial series.
• Allison will return regularly (every 3 months) to share updates and insights.
• Collaborative spirit emphasized between science, engineering, and cultivation.

Final Thoughts

• Dr. Justice highlights the importance of digging deeper into the data and science behind good cannabis.
• Michael and Anders express excitement about pioneering this research and sharing knowledge with the broader community.
• Strong call to continue the conversation and grow the industry’s collective understanding.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson speak with Jon Jirikovec, Crop Specialist at Grodan, about substrate management, irrigation strategy, and cannabis cultivation.

Grodan manufactures stone wool (Rockwool) for hydroponic and soilless cultivation, offering high control and steerability for growers.

Jon shares his journey from retail cannabis work in 2013 to his current role supporting growers across North America.

Grodan emphasizes listening to customer feedback and conducting research with institutes like WUR and CRIC to refine techniques.

The team discusses crop steering and irrigation phases (P1, P2, P3) and how they’ve evolved in cannabis compared to vegetables.

Rockwool offers better control and water efficiency than coco, though it requires more precision; it’s easier to rewet and adjust EC.

Substrate sizing is critical; under-sizing can lead to overly vegetative growth and poor-quality flower (e.g., more C buds).

Transitioning from HPS to LEDs often requires adjustments in substrate volume to avoid over-drying and improve irrigation control.

Case studies show that even novice growers can succeed with Rockwool when supported with tools, data, and proper guidance.

Slab systems offer more forgiveness and better resaturation uniformity than blocks, making them ideal for newer cultivators or limited environments.

Labor efficiency and facility design (e.g., racking height and accessibility) play a key role in productivity and plant health.

Rockwool systems reduce labor and mess compared to cocoa/soil systems, making post-harvest cleanup easier and faster.

There's a trend toward more sustainable, low-EC, low-runoff irrigation strategies to conserve water and nutrients.

Growers in water-restricted regions (e.g., U.S. Virgin Islands) may benefit from Rockwool due to its water efficiency.

The importance of environmental control (e.g., VPD, leaf surface temps) in syncing with substrate performance was emphasized.

Discussion of water circularity systems (e.g., True Zero Corp) that reclaim runoff and reduce operational costs.

Greenhouse vs. indoor production: each has advantages; multi-tier greenhouse cultivation is less common but may suit tight spaces.

Harvest and cleanup timing impacts microbial loads and crop quality; separate these steps to reduce contamination risks.

Transitioning to bulking phase should be based on crop observations (e.g., end of stretch), not arbitrary timelines.

Removing fan leaves too early can lead to foxtailing due to hormonal stress; timing and gradual EC changes are key.

Crop steering is a spectrum, not a binary approach—subtle adjustments help maintain plant health and yield.

Under-canopy lighting improves consistency in A/B grade flower but is not always necessary with good canopy and lighting strategy.

Common Rockwool mistakes include letting blocks dry too much before irrigation and using undersized substrates.

Substrate strategy should align with veg time, plant count limits, and business goals.

Discussion teases future episodes on “synganic” growing—blending salt-based fertigation with organic additives for better terpene expression.

Grodan is exploring microbial steering and root-zone microbiome strategies for added performance.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

• In this episode of Cultivation Elevated, hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson are joined by David Goodnack from Plant CO2 to discuss the crucial role of CO2 in cannabis cultivation, particularly in commercial vertical farming. They explore the technicalities of CO2 systems, focusing on the transition from small-scale home grow setups to large-scale commercial applications that use liquid CO2 stored in cryogenic tanks. David shares his insights on the challenges growers face in sourcing and designing effective CO2 systems and how his company, Plant CO2, was created to fill a gap in the industry. The conversation also touches on the emerging potential of direct air capture technologies, creative CO2 solutions like co-locating with breweries, and the importance of educating growers early on in the design process. Personal anecdotes from David, including his passion for surfing and skydiving, add a lighthearted touch to the discussion.

•    • Introduction:
• This episode is hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson, discussing CO2 design in vertical farming and its importance for cannabis and food production.
• Guest: David Goodnack from Plant CO2.
• CO2 in Commercial Cultivation:
• CO2 is essential for plant growth, especially in commercial cannabis cultivation.
• Discusses the importance of CO2 systems in sealed environments like indoor grow rooms.
• Commercial systems use liquid CO2, stored in cryogenic tanks, compared to smaller, less efficient systems used in home grows.
• CO2 Distribution:
• Importance of designing CO2 distribution systems to ensure proper levels in all grow rooms.
• CO2 distribution must be precise to avoid creating microclimates within rooms.
• Liebig’s Law of the Minimum:
• CO2 is a limiting factor for growth, but its impact is only significant when other factors (e.g., light, nutrients) are optimized.
• CO2 Equipment and Tank Rentals:
• Discussion on CO2 tank sizes and costs (e.g., a 6-ton cryogenic tank can cost around $90,000).
• CO2 companies make money through tank rentals and the price of CO2, which depends on delivery and distribution costs.
• Options to rent or purchase tanks, but rental is often more economical.
• Challenges with CO2 Systems:
• Challenges faced by commercial growers in finding the right CO2 systems, leading to the creation of Plant CO2 by David.
• The importance of the right equipment to avoid issues with CO2 loss and inefficient systems.
• Direct Air Capture vs. Liquid CO2:
• Introduction to direct air capture machines, which pull CO2 from the air and are currently less viable due to high energy consumption and costs.
• Liquid CO2 remains the more reliable and cost-effective option for commercial growers at this time.
• Innovative CO2 Solutions:
• Examples of creative CO2 solutions, like co-locating cannabis grows with breweries to capture CO2 from fermentation.
• Discussion of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems to capture CO2 in greenhouses, especially in places like the Netherlands.
• Education and Market Gaps:
• Education gaps in the cannabis industry regarding CO2 needs, with growers often neglecting CO2 systems until late in the design process.
• David’s frustration with the industry led to the creation of Plant CO2 to provide better solutions and education for cannabis growers.
• Personal Insight:
• David shares his personal interests, including his love for surfing and skydiving, and discusses the connections between engineers and hobbies like surfing.
• Contact Information:
• David is easily reachable via his website, PlantCO2.com, where customers can get quotes within 24 hours.

This episode highlights the complexity of CO2 systems, the importance of proper design and equipment, and the emerging potential of new technologies in CO2 capture for cultivation.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

This episode of Cultivation Elevated dives deep into the curing process of cannabis, exploring its critical role in achieving high-quality flower. Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson discuss the science behind curing, including moisture content, enzymatic activity, and ethylene gas production. They also examine best practices, common mistakes, and innovative techniques used in both small-scale and commercial settings to optimize terpene retention, potency, and overall product consistency.

Introduction

• Hosted by Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson from Pipp Horticulture.
• Episode focuses on curing cannabis, part of a three-part series on harvesting, drying, and curing.
• Discussion blends traditional methods, scientific advancements, and industry best practices.

Understanding Curing & Its Importance

• Drying vs. Curing: Drying is a rapid moisture reduction, while curing homogenizes moisture content.
• Curing enhances the terpene profile, reducing the “grassy” chlorophyll aroma over time.
• Enzymatic activity and degradation of compounds like chlorophyll play a key role in quality.
• Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and light exposure impact the curing process.

Different Curing Approaches

• Some commercial growers treat the entire drying room as a curing space.
• Traditional methods include curing in bags, jars, totes, or turkey bags.
• Burping (controlled opening of storage containers) is used to release excess moisture.
• New technology is emerging, such as auto-burp systems and sensor-based monitoring.

Science & Variables in the Curing Process

• Ethylene gas plays a role in the ripening process (similar to bananas and tomatoes).
• Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) impacts moisture release during curing.
• Cannabinoid changes: Overexposure to oxygen converts THC to CBN, making cannabis more sedative.
• Environmental consistency is critical – differences in humidity, temperature, and air circulation affect the final product.

Challenges & Best Practices in Curing

• Different strains (cultivars) require different curing approaches.
• Sorting buds by size and density helps create consistent drying and curing conditions.
• Packaging matters – nitrogen purging was used in the past, but it sometimes reduced flavor quality.
• Commercial growers need to maintain uniform environments in trim rooms to avoid unintended drying during processing.
• Modified Atmospheric Packaging (MAP), commonly used in the food industry, could play a role in long-term cannabis storage.

Industry Insights & Future Research

• Many growers still rely on experience ("feel") rather than scientific testing.
• More research is needed on ethylene gas’s role in curing and optimal curing environments.
• Tobacco and food drying industries offer some insights, but cannabis curing is unique.
• Technology like Curepuck and sensor-based burping solutions could improve consistency.

Closing Thoughts

• Curing is the key differentiator between good cannabis and high-quality cannabis.
• The science behind curing is still evolving, and industry collaboration is needed to refine best practices.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

In this episode, the hosts dive deep into the intricacies of cannabis drying, sharing expert insights on best practices, airflow management, and the common pitfalls to avoid. They discuss the importance of controlling temperature, humidity, and airflow to ensure consistent, high-quality drying. Key topics include the pros and cons of different drying setups like racks vs. carts, how to avoid microclimates, and the importance of maintaining a controlled environment. The episode highlights the often-overlooked impact of drying on the final product and offers practical tips for improving the process, from designing the drying room to understanding moisture management.

Drying Room Basics:

• The drying process is key to producing high-quality cannabis, and airflow is a critical factor.
• A drying room setup typically involves multiple people, with one or two focused on managing the drying process.
• Adjusting airflow is essential, especially during the "poofy" phase when the crop is wet and holding a lot of moisture.
• Over-drying can happen if fans are not positioned properly. Airflow should not be directed directly at the crop but rather across the room to avoid excessive drying.

Fan and Airflow Management:

• There’s debate about whether it’s better to push or pull air through a drying room.
• The ideal airflow design often involves drawing air through the room, avoiding direct fan placement on the crop itself.
• The design of a high-end drying room (e.g., Conviron Chambers) uses perforated walls to evenly pull air through the crop, enhancing consistency.

Carts vs. Racks:

• Racks, when compared to carts, offer better airflow as there is more space between tiers to circulate air effectively.
• The height of racks (12–18 inches between tiers) provides space for better airflow, especially around the thicker colas that retain more moisture.
• Carts, on the other hand, do not allow for as much airflow between plants, which can lead to uneven drying.

Drying Room Design:

• Proper drying room design should ensure minimal disruption to the drying process, such as ensuring fans are well-positioned and avoiding microclimates created by improper airflow.
• Lights should be kept off and doors kept shut to maintain consistent conditions inside the drying room.
• Sealing the room properly (including door sweeps and thresholds) helps maintain a stable environment.

Quality Control in Drying:

• A consistent, controlled drying environment is crucial for preserving the terpenes and quality of cannabis.
• Over-drying or improper drying can degrade the product and affect its final quality.
• Taking the time to measure and map out temperature and relative humidity (RH) across different areas of the room can help optimize the drying process.

Curing and Final Product:

• Drying and curing are interconnected, with the drying phase playing a major role in the final product’s quality.
• The podcast hosts emphasize that drying should not be overlooked, as it has a big impact on the product's outcome.
• They mention potential future research through the Cannabis Research Coalition to help improve drying techniques and share more data on the subject.

Closing Thoughts:

• The podcast encourages listeners to experiment and find what works best for their setup but also emphasizes the importance of following key drying principles for the best results.
• The hosts highlight that, while drying is a complex process with some subjective elements, good practices and attention to detail will lead to high-quality cannabis.

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

The episode discusses efficient harvesting techniques and the importance of maintaining cleanliness and compliance in the cannabis cultivation process. Michael and Anders share tips on improving speed and quality during harvest, such as the use of RFID scanning technology for tracking and compliance. One of the key points is the importance of cleaning up the cultivation room before starting to harvest to avoid contaminating the buds with particulates from the substrate. They also talk about using air quality meters to monitor particulate matter in the air during post-harvest processing.

Michael and Anders emphasize the role of the cultivation team in harvesting, noting that they are typically more connected to the crop and handle it with more care than post-harvest teams. The podcast also discusses the importance of keeping a steady workflow and ensuring no team members are left waiting for tools or supplies. The team shares their experiences with improving harvest efficiency over time and the benefits of avoiding harvests on Mondays and Fridays, recommending mid-week harvests for better staffing and monitoring of the drying process. Additionally, the conversation touches on labor productivity throughout the week and the benefits of keeping harvests within a single day to avoid complications during the drying process.

Harvesting Efficiency:

• Emphasizes teamwork during harvest, including "tag team" efforts for smoother and quicker processes.
• Outlaw Technology’s RFID scanning tool is highlighted for improving speed, accuracy, and compliance by linking with a scale.
• RFID scanning enhances inventory management and helps streamline post-harvest accuracy, reducing errors from manual data entry.

Cleanliness and Compliance:

• Stress on the importance of keeping the cultivation room free of particulates before harvesting to avoid contaminating the buds.
• Moving substrate or equipment during harvest can stir up particles that get on the flowers, affecting quality and compliance.
• Use of air quality meters to measure particulate matter in the air and validate room sanitation after harvest.

Harvesting Team Composition:

• Cultivation team is ideal for harvesting because they are most connected to the crop and take more care, reducing damage to the plants.
• Post-harvest crews tend to be less connected to the plants and may work less gently, potentially affecting quality.
• Compliance person tracks wet weights and labels harvested plants in the drying room.

Workflow and Steady Flow:

• Importance of a "water spider" role to move carts or racks between cultivation and drying rooms to prevent bottlenecks.
• Ensure no one is waiting on others for tools or equipment to keep the workflow steady.
• Example from a facility where initial harvest took an entire shift but improved to just a few hours after a few months.

Optimal Harvesting Days:

• Avoid harvesting on Mondays and Fridays to ensure adequate staffing and monitoring.
• Harvesting on Tuesdays or Wednesdays is ideal to ensure quality monitoring during the critical 24-48 hours after harvest.
• Harvesting should ideally be completed in one day to maintain proper drying conditions.

Labor Productivity:

• Mondays tend to have slower productivity due to the start of the week.
• Tuesdays and Wednesdays are optimal for productivity (good to great).
• Thursdays and Fridays tend to have reduced productivity, with Friday being especially prone to staff calling out.

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

This episode dives into the evolution of product development at Pipp Horticulture, featuring guest Del Rockwell. The discussion highlights Del’s journey at Pipp, the engineering challenges and innovations in vertical farming solutions, and the launch of the new modular carriage system. The hosts explore Del’s contributions to the horticulture division, including how customer feedback, engineering excellence, and cross-industry insights shape product design.

Key Points Discussed:

1. Del Rockwell’s Background:

◦ Transitioned from traditional engineering to horticulture-focused product development at Pipp.

◦ Enthusiasm for joining Pipp during its pivot to the cannabis industry, describing it as a “dream opportunity.”

◦ Emphasis on user-centered design and integrating customer feedback into product innovation.

2. Product Development Process:

◦ Explained the iterative nature of product design, starting from identifying customer challenges.

◦ The role of modularity in the new carriage system, allowing easier shipping, installation, and flexibility for customers.

◦ Rigorous testing, including cycling over 3,000 times with more than 5,000 pounds to ensure reliability.

3. Features of the Modular Carriage System:

◦ A shift from aluminum carriages to a modular skate-based system, resulting in:

▪ Lower shipping costs.

▪ Improved ergonomics for growers.

▪ Better airflow and easier cleaning, contributing to pest and pathogen management.

◦ Enhanced design aesthetics and elimination of potential failure points.

4. Collaboration with Grow Glide:

◦ Leveraging insights from the Grow Glide acquisition to merge the best features of both systems.

◦ Examples include relocating the drive box for better usability and refining structural components for enhanced functionality.

5. Industry Insights:

◦ Challenges of balancing cost and functionality for both cannabis and leafy green markets.

◦ Importance of longevity in vendor relationships, with Pipp’s 50-year history providing stability in a volatile industry.

6. Del’s Philosophy on Engineering and Product Management:

◦ Focus on solving root causes rather than surface-level problems.

◦ The importance of humility, curiosity, and collaboration in product design.

◦ Emphasis on understanding customer perspectives to deliver practical and innovative solutions.

7. Future of Vertical Farming:

◦ Anticipation of more specialized products tailored to diverse crop types.

◦ Continued efforts to balance costs and ROI for growers, especially in non-cannabis markets.

◦ Excitement around emerging technologies like robo-forming and advanced manufacturing techniques.

8. Team and Company Culture:

◦ Pipp’s customer-centric approach and small-team feel despite its corporate capabilities.

◦ A collaborative and iterative product development culture that integrates feedback from both engineers and growers.

9. Del’s Legacy Projects:

◦ Pride in developing the Elevate Deck, which significantly improved labor efficiency for multi-tier systems.

◦ Validation from industry imitation, seen as flattery for Pipp’s successful designs.

Closing Notes:

The episode wraps up with a nod to Pipp’s leadership and Del’s role in fostering innovation. Listeners are encouraged to connect with Del at trade shows like MJ BizCon to discuss engineering, racking systems, and vertical farming trends. The hosts promise more updates on Pipp’s product developments in future episodes.

This episode underscores Pipp Horticulture’s commitment to advancing vertical farming technologies and their collaborative approach to solving grower challenges.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgN...

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on Youtube

In this episode of Cultivation Elevated, Michael Williamson is joined by cannabis attorney Devon Baxter to cut through the noise around cannabis rescheduling and explain what the shift to Schedule 3 actually means for operators. They break down why rescheduling is not legalization, how 280E tax relief really plays out in practice, why banking access remains limited, and where compliance, lab testing, and enforcement risks are often underestimated. The conversation also explores the impacts on MSOs versus craft operators, the evolving relationship between hemp and cannabis, potential pharmaceutical involvement, and what disciplined operators should prioritize over the next 12–24 months as federal scrutiny increases.

⏱ Episode Breakdown

Intro: What Rescheduling Really Means

0:00 – 4:20

Michael Williamson sets the stage on cannabis rescheduling and why the headlines are misleading.

Rescheduling reshapes the regulatory chessboard — but it doesn’t legalize cannabis, fix banking, or eliminate federal-state tension.

Rescheduling vs Legalization: Clearing the Confusion

4:20 – 7:15

Devin Baxter explains the legal reality behind Schedule 1 → Schedule 3.

Why the executive order changes process, not law — and what immediately stays the same for operators.

The Science & Legal Strategy Behind Rescheduling

7:15 – 10:35

How FDA-compliant research and pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing forced regulators’ hands.

Why the government could no longer defend Schedule 1 under scientific scrutiny.

280E, Taxes, and the Reality of Margin Relief

10:35 – 14:55

Why 280E relief is real — but not instant or clean.

What operators need to revisit in financial structures, expense tracking, and investor expectations.

Banking: Why Rescheduling Doesn’t Open the Floodgates

14:55 – 18:50

Why federally chartered banks still won’t rush into cannabis.

Where state banks and credit unions may cautiously expand — and what that means for access to capital.

Compliance, SOPs & “DEA-Ready” Operations

18:50 – 22:50

Why rescheduling likely increases scrutiny rather than reduces it.

How GMPs, SOP discipline, labeling, and consistency become competitive advantages.

MSOs vs Craft Operators: Different Risks, Same Rules

22:50 – 27:10

How rescheduling impacts MSOs, single-state operators, and craft cultivators differently.

Why consolidation may accelerate — but won’t erase the craft segment.

Lab Testing, Health Risk & Enforcement Blind Spots

27:10 – 33:50

Why lab integrity, sampling practices, and product consistency are underestimated risks.

The danger of “lab shopping” as more vulnerable patients enter the market.

Hemp, CBD & the Path Toward Convergence

33:50 – 40:15

What rescheduling and recent legislation could mean for intoxicating hemp products.

Why MSOs and national brands are re-entering hemp — and where the regulatory gaps may close.

Pharma, Patents & Schedule 3 Implications

40:15 – 44:30

Why pharmaceutical companies move slowly — and selectively.

Where pharma may participate (capsules, sprays, research) — and where they likely won’t.

Interstate Commerce & Federal Preemption

44:30 – 49:00

Why rescheduling doesn’t authorize interstate commerce — but may invite legal challenges.

How state protections and federal authority may collide in the next phase.

Operator Strategy: What to Prioritize Now

49:00 – 55:30

Devin’s top three strategic priorities:

1. Securing long-term cultivation infrastructure (power & water)
2. Tax and capital planning post-280E
3. Tightening compliance in anticipation of increased oversight

Final Takeaways

55:30 – End

Rescheduling isn’t a silver bullet — or a nothing burger.

Operators who win next are disciplined, compliant, and focused on second- and third-order effects — not headlines.

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgNMmjcHbTNW6HuocD?si=66b30119ca084a0a

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on YouTube

The episode goal: Introduce Danielle to Pipp’s audience, showcase her background in greenhouse system engineering and product development, and bridge her experience from greenhouse CEA to indoor CEA.

Listen to learn:

How greenhouse and indoor CEA truly differ

Why some high-tech vertical farms failed — and what today’s winners get right

How to design systems around the crop, not the technology

Key engineering considerations for multi-tier indoor farms

What product development looks like across strawberries, lettuce, cannabis, seedlings & more

Why modularity and crop-specific design are the future of indoor agriculture

Episode Breakdown:

Intro & Danielle’s Background

0:00–4:20

Meet Danielle Will — Pipp Horticulture’s new Product Manager — and hear how tissue culture, greenhouse engineering, and biotech shaped her multidisciplinary CEA approach.

Greenhouse vs. Indoor CEA

4:20–10:19

Danielle breaks down the real engineering differences:

• Transparent glazing vs. sealed rooms

• Air changes vs. recirculation

• Load density from stacked tiers

• Why controlling “everything” is both empowering and challenging

System Design Mistakes & Operator Challenges

10:19–17:23

Why expensive tech can’t compensate for poor design choices, lack of grower involvement, under-sized systems, or misunderstanding seasonal loads.

The Importance of Skilled Operators

17:23–21:21

Why mediocre systems + great people beat the opposite every time — and why true CEA success requires both biological and mechanical literacy.

Product Development for Multiple Crops

21:21–25:39

How Pipp is expanding beyond cannabis into strawberries, leafy greens, seedlings & more — and why irrigation style, tray spacing, airflow, and lighting must all be crop-specific.

Designing for Today vs. the Future

25:39–27:38

Why Danielle designs 5 years ahead — but not for a fully robotic future (yet). Practicality, accessibility, and modularity matter more than hype.

Why Past Vertical Farms Failed

27:38–33:29

The truth behind the first wave of CEA collapses:

• VC models optimized for tech, not agriculture

• Growing low-margin crops with massive capex

• Market misalignment and unrealistic yield projections

• Dependence on high-tech automation too soon

Future Crops & Underexplored Opportunities

33:29–38:54

A look at high-value crops that should be thriving indoors: wasabi, blueberries, seedlings, berries, specialty crops, and more.

Modularity, Crop Fit & Scalable Design

38:54–43:40

Why the future of Pipp’s product line focuses on:

• Meeting crops where they are

• Modularity across irrigation types (ebb & flood, NFT, DWC, aeroponics)

• Increasing plant density & uniformity

• Validated systems that scale responsibly

Rapid-Fire Questions

43:40–48:08

Danielle’s favorites:

• Crop to grow

• First concert

• Most underrated grow room tech

• Go-to resource for CEA learning

• Favorite veggie snack

• And what she orders at Mad Dogs

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgNMmjcHbTNW6HuocD?si=66b30119ca084a0a

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/

📺 Subscribe & Watch on Youtube

🌱 Cultivation Elevated – The Final Push: Dialing in the Last Weeks of Flower

Hosts: Michael Williamson & Anders Peterson

Presented by: Pipp Horticulture

Focus: The science and strategy behind the final 2–3 weeks of flower — managing senescence and finishing techniques to maximize chemical quality, aroma, terpene retention, coloration, and smooth burn.

💡 Listen to learn:

• What senescence actually is — and why guiding it matters more than forcing it
• How to taper environmental cues (light, temp, RH, VPD, CO₂) without shocking the crop
• Why extreme “flushing” or 48-hour dark periods are outdated
• How color expression works and when anthocyanins are worth chasing
• The right way to manage root zone EC during the finish
• How airflow, canopy thinning, and uniformity protect quality and drying consistency
• Why trichomes should drive your harvest timing
• Data to track each harvest to refine finishing cycles over time

⏱ Episode Breakdown

Intro: Understanding Senescence

0:00–4:20

• Senescence = the plant’s genetically programmed aging and biochemical refinement phase

• Peaks in cannabinoid + terpene development

• Outdoors, shortening days and cooler nights drive senescence

• Senescence isn’t the plant dying — it’s perfecting what it has built

Why Finishing Matters & Common Late-Stage Mistakes

4:20–7:15

• Growers often stack stressors late (pruning + EC shift + temp change at once)

• Many facilities harvest too early due to tight scheduling

• Early cutting reduces terpene, potency, and maturity

• Final weeks are about refinement, not heavy intervention

Defining a Finished Flower: Trichomes, Pistils & Visual Cues

7:15–11:55

• Trichome progression: clear → milky → amber

• Ideal target: mostly milky, some amber

• Excess new white pistils signal incomplete maturity

• Fan leaf fade = carbohydrates relocating to resin glands

• Avoid sending any late “reveg” signals

Environmental Tapering: Light, CO₂, Temperature, Humidity, VPD

11:55–17:06

• Reduce DLI by 10–25% to avoid photo-oxidative stress

• Taper CO₂ from 1200–1400 ppm down to ~650 ppm pre-harvest

• Lower temps 3–5°F in final week

• Maintain 50–55% RH; avoid deep swings

• Allow modest VPD rise without overdrying

• Cooler late-stage temps help retain volatile terpenes

Color, Anthocyanins & Phenotypic Plasticity

17:06–20:28

• Color = genetics + environment

• Anthocyanins are temp-sensitive and highly plastic

• Some cultivars purple even in warm rooms; others resist

• Extreme cold to force color can reduce yield and slow photosynthesis

The 48-Hour Dark Period Myth

20:28–21:54

• No evidence darkness increases THC

• Benefits come from reduced temperature, not lack of light

• Better: taper light + temp rather than shutting lights off entirely

Drying-on-the-Vine Strategy

21:54–23:54

• Reduce or pause irrigation 12–48 hours before harvest

• Helps start internal drying if dry rooms are undersized

• Avoid wilting; maintain some light for transpiration

Root-Zone & Nutrient Strategy: The Flushing Debate

23:54–29:32

• Full RO flushes cause osmotic shock and reduce yield

• Modern method: gradual EC taper, not starvation

• Reduce nitrogen while maintaining calcium for structure

• Avoid violent EC swings; controlled stress is better than deprivation

• “Flushing benefits” mostly came from reduced nitrogen, not true flushing

Airflow, Canopy Thinning & Late-Flower Risk Management

29:32–35:32

• Strong airflow prevents botrytis and dew-point condensation

• High airflow supports wider day–night temp ranges safely

• Best defoliation window: 3–5 days before harvest

• Uniform, light defoliation beats extreme thinning on select plants

• Improves drying consistency and reduces bud rot

Top 3 Finishing Insights

35:32–37:39

• Taper everything: EC, light, temp, CO₂, RH

• Let trichomes drive harvest timing

• Track data each run: yields, cannabinoids, terpenes, environmental tweaks

Future Research: Ethylene, ABA & Ripening Chemistry

37:39–41:28

• Ethylene influences ripening across many crops

• Cannabis produces ethylene — its role in finishing may be important

• ABA + ethylene interactions could explain ripening behaviors

• Potential future avenue for finishing optimization

ABOUT CULTIVATION ELEVATED:

If you are a grower or owner looking to optimize your existing or new cultivation facility or anyone looking to cultivate more in less space, then this is the show for you. Each week, join Host Michael Williamson as he travels across the country, to explore the world of vertical farming and the future of cannabis and food production through his conversations with leading industry operators, growers and executives who are demonstrating success and resilience as growers and cultivators. Each episode provides stories and key insights that will inspire and show you first-hand, how each of these companies have overcome challenges, and found their own path to success. Brought to you by Pipp Horticulture.

SUBSCRIBE & FOLLOW:

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1bwsOgNMmjcHbTNW6HuocD?si=66b30119ca084a0a

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...

GET A FREE GROW CONSULTATION BELOW:

https://pipphorticulture.com/contact/

ABOUT PIPP HORTICULTURE:

Pipp Horticulture is the leading space-saving mobile indoor vertical grow racking systems provider. All Pipp Horticulture products are made in the USA and easily integrate with other essential grow equipment like lighting, irrigation, drainage, and airflow systems. Reduce vertical farming costs with Pipp Horticulture’s high-density Mobile Vertical Grow Rack Systems.

Pipp Horticulture Website - https://pipphorticulture.com/

Pipp Horticulture - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/pipphorticulture

Pipp Horticulture Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/pipphorticulture/

Pipp Horticulture LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/pipp-horticulture/mycompany/