Climate change is upon us. Fires, droughts, hurricanes, sea level rise, and melting ice caps are all part of our new normal. But something else is happening as well. Scientists, innovators, organizations, cities, companies, and citizens are taking action, making progress, and finding solutions.
Climate Break brings you stories of climate progress and interviews with climate innovators from California and around the world, in under 2 minutes. Our solution-oriented, radio-ready shows are produced by students and climate law and policy experts at the University of California, Berkeley.
Climate Break is a co-production of the Center for Law, Energy, and Environment at UC Berkeley Law and KALW 91.7 FM San Francisco Bay Area, in conjunction with the Berkeley School of Journalism.
(For a transcript of the trailer, visit https://climatebreak.org/about-climate-break/)
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Green Tech Hubs: Scaling Climate Technology Startups
Épisode 204
mardi 21 juillet 2026 • Durée 01:45
Introduction to Green Tech Hubs
Small green tech startups often possess groundbreaking ideas to combat climate issues, but lack the market resources, capital, and visibility to make large-scale impact. However, the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation (HKSTP) Green Tech Hub is taking initiative for a change. By creating connected workspaces and acting as a launchpad for startups, the hub fosters more collaborative and impactful climate innovation.
Background
A physical community of more than 230 companies with work stretching across new energy, smart cities, green buildings, and green fintech are changing the equation. The green tech hub co-locates companies with similar goals, facilitates business matchmaking, and offers hands-on training to attract investors. In this way, the global transition towards sustainable technology is accelerated through a joint effort.
Advantages
The hub acts as a bridge between small companies’ operational struggles and their passion, ambition, and goals. By equipping green innovators with the network, visibility, and skills necessary to expand, green tech hubs help these startups overcome market challenges. Green tech hubs also promote businesses’ climate-friendly products for targeted marketing, especially overseas, connecting innovators with potential clients and investors. In addition, the mentorship program assists in product design to better suit the market.
For Mr. Howard Lee, green tech hubs are a way to change the equation—allowing small innovators to effectively combat climate issues with sufficient magnitude. To displace climate-harming technologies on a global scale, Mr. Lee emphasizes the importance of inspiration and creativity that results from collaboration among passionate changemakers.
For a transcript of this episode, please visit [https://climatebreak.org/green-tech-hubs-scaling-climate-technology-startups/]
Building Berkeley’s Clean Energy Campus, with Sally McGarrahan
Épisode 203
mardi 14 juillet 2026 • Durée 01:45
A Clean Energy Campus
In July 2025, the University of California Board of Regents approved a plan to modernize UC Berkeley’s energy infrastructure by replacing its aged steam system with efficient, all-electric heating and cooling systems.
Today, 90% of Berkeley’s power comes from the combustion of natural gas at UC Berkeley’s costly and outdated fossil gas cogeneration plant. However, the plant is nearing the end of its life: it has less than a decade of life left, and is a source of frequent, costly, and disruptive repairs on campus (UC Berkeley Clean Energy Campus). In an effort to build a more sustainable future, the plan seeks to phase out fossil fuel use for powering, heating, and cooling campus buildings by 2035 or sooner.
Advantages
The plan is primarily funded by a capital investment from the State of California, and will be conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1, which will take place from mid-2026 through 2030, will electrify Berkeley’s heating and cooling plant, upgrade electrical infrastructure, improve thermal energy storage, distribute heated and chilled water through an underground system, and update the accessibility of landscaping and pathways on campus (UC Berkeley Clean Energy Campus). The plan not only predicts a 70% reduction in carbon emissions from campus buildings by 2028 and a 59% reduction in campus-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 2035 and promotion of energy resilience, but also promises to create new employment and training opportunities, distributing the benefits of clean energy across the campus and the local community (CEC First Phase Underway).
The project’s primary priority is the establishment of an Electrified Heating and Cooling Plant (EHCP). The new system, rather than relying on steam and natural gas, will develop a fully functional clean energy microgrid. A major component of this includes a “new central electrified heating and cooling plant capable of serving more than 12 million square feet of building space,” located underneath a new recreational field (). The plant functions primarily through a “geothermal” mechanism: an underground heat exchange will distribute hot and chilled water throughout campus to heat and cool buildings ().
About our guest
Resources
Further Reading
Rerun: Staying Safe in Extreme Heat, with Dr. David Sklar
Épisode 158
mardi 7 juillet 2026 • Durée 01:45
Impacts of Heat Waves on Human Health
Across the United States, climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves. A heat wave is defined as a persistent period of high temperature days. Although unusually hot days are a natural part of day-to-day variations in weather, heat waves are becoming more common alongside the rapidly accelerating climate crisis. In major cities across the country, the number of heat waves has increased steadily, from two heat waves per year in the 1960s to six per year into the 2010s and 2020s. In the 1960s, the average heat wave was 2.0 degrees above the local 85th percentile threshold, while the average heat wave during the 2020s has been 2.5 degrees above the local threshold. Approximately 210 million Americans, or two thirds of the population, live in counties vulnerable to health threats from high temperatures. As temperatures increase, the number of heat-related illnesses, emergency room visits, and deaths simultaneously increase. As we head further into the 21st century, adaptive measures to protect human health from the effects of extreme heat waves will be necessary in the face of rising climate risk.
Protecting yourself during extreme heat
Over the past three decades, heat waves have been the leading cause of weather-related fatalities across the nation. In addition to rising heat-related illnesses and deaths, extreme heat can also worsen health outcomes from chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and acute kidney injury. Extreme temperatures compromise the body’s ability to regulate its internal temperature, resulting in illness, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and hyperthermia. Individuals living in densely populated cities are extremely vulnerable to the urban heat island effect, which exacerbates high heat temperatures as man made surfaces absorb sunlight during the day and radiate the stored energy at night as heat. Children, the elderly, people experiencing homelessness, low-income communities and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are at the greatest risk to the adverse effects of extreme heat. As temperatures continue to rise, it is necessary that individuals take on adaptive measures to protect themselves from the health risks posed by extreme heat.
Benefits of protecting oneself during extreme heat
More progress can be made
About our guest
Resources
Further Reading
Backing Climate Champions in Local Elections, with Caroline Spears
Épisode 202
mercredi 1 juillet 2026 • Durée 01:45
What is Climate Cabinet?
Most climate advocates focus their energy on Washington– but often, real change happens closer to home. Climate Cabinet, founded by Caroline Spears, is dedicated to backing and electing climate champions at the state and local level, where the work of cutting emissions, lowering energy costs, and building clean transportation largely gets done.
Climate Cabinet describes their approach as “Moneyball for Climate”-- borrowing the analytics term made famous in baseball, where data is used to find undervalued players with outsized potential. Applied to politics, it means identifying overlooked races where a relatively small investment can shift climate policy. Candidate selection is non-partisan in practice. Rather than relying on party affiliation, Climate Cabinet examines candidate’s voting records, looking at how candidates have acted when major issues came before their city council, county board, or state legislature. They then back promising candidates early, providing financial support and policy expertise to help them build a winning campaign.
One of the most surprising– and consequential– offices Climate Cabinet focuses on is the utility commission. In select states, these commissioners are elected directly by voters, giving the public a rare and often overlooked say in how electricity is generated and priced.
How it Makes a Difference
Advancing Climate Solutions Through Legal Action, with Rob Bonta
Épisode 201
mercredi 24 juin 2026 • Durée 01:45
Introduction
California Attorney General Rob Bonta has established himself to be one of California’s leading legal advocates for climate accountability. Through lawsuits against big fossil fuel companies, including ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron, BP, and ConocoPhillips, Bonta alleges that the industry misled the public about the climate impacts of their products. As federal environmental protections face increasing challenges, he has also led legal efforts against actions by the Trump administration that California argues undermine clean energy, environmental safeguards, and climate progress.
Background
States such as California have turned to litigation as a way to preserve environmental protections and advance climate action.Many of these efforts are led by California Attorney General Rob Bonta, whose office is currently involved in 67 lawsuits, including several focused on environmental and climate issues.
Transportation remains California's largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for roughly half of the state's total emissions. In response, California adopted aggressive vehicle-emissions standards and zero-emission vehicle requirements. These standards were enabled through waivers granted under the federal Clean Air Act. Recent efforts by Congress to overturn or weaken these authorities have triggered new legal battles over the future of vehicle emissions regulation at the state level.
The Supreme Court's 2007 decision in Massachusetts v. EPA held that greenhouse gases qualify as air pollutants under the Clean Air Act. The ruling ultimately led to the EPA's Endangerment Finding, the scientific and legal determination that greenhouse gas emissions harm public health and welfare. That finding became the basis for federal greenhouse-gas regulations across multiple sectors, but notably provided an avenue for transportation regulations. The Trump administration's efforts to rescind the Endangerment Finding and eliminate vehicle-emissions standards represents one of the most significant climate-policy reversals in decades. California is suing to stop the rescission.
Beyond regulatory disputes, California has also pursued accountability from fossil fuel companies. In ongoing litigation against major oil producers, including ExxonMobil and Shell, the state alleges that companies misled the public for decades about the climate risks associated with fossil fuel use while continuing to promote products that contributed to rising emissions.
Zero-Energy Cooling, with Martin Zhu
Épisode 200
mercredi 10 juin 2026 • Durée 01:46
Introduction to the Solution
Keeping buildings cool is becoming one of our fastest growing and energy-intensive challenges. A startup based in Hong Kong pioneers for an answer already existing in nature– the outer layer of a tiny ant that survives one of the hottest places on Earth. Dr. Martin Zhu and his co-founder mimicked the heat-repelling biology of the Saharan silver ant to develop cooling technology that remains electricity-free.
Background: From the Saharan Silver Ant to Zero-Energy Cooling
The biological inspiration behind i2Cool’s technology, the Saharan silver ant, has evolved to be a solution in the transition to zero-energy cooling. The ant endures desert heat through its surface hairs with a distinctive structure that reflects solar energy and emits body heat as radiation in a specific wavelength range. This wavelength passes through the atmosphere into outer space, effectively cooling the ant without any energy input.
In addition, since this solution is passive, requiring no electricity to run, the technology can be used off-grid or in energy-poor areas. This means the technology has the potential to democratize access to cooling in the regions of the world that need it most, but currently have the least access.
Electric Two-Wheelers, with Kevin To
Épisode 199
mercredi 3 juin 2026 • Durée 01:45
Introduction
Across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, two-wheeled vehicles are the backbone of everyday transportation. With roughly one billion two-wheelers on the road globally, their collective carbon footprint is enormous. Briz, a brand developed by Hong Kong-based One Energy (HK) Limited, is tackling this head-on with affordable electric two-wheelers paired with a rapid battery-swapping service that makes going electric cheaper than filling a tank.
Background
Two-wheelers dominate personal mobility across the Global South for one simple reason: cost. Cars remain out of reach for hundreds of millions of people, making motorcycles and scooters the primary mode of getting to work, school, and the market. They also power much of the last-mile delivery economy such as food, parcels, and pharmaceuticals in dense urban environments across Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since most of these vehicles run on gasoline, they collectively represent a significant and often overlooked source of global CO₂ emissions.
Briz electric two-wheelers are designed to be price-competitive with their gas-powered equivalents from the outset. Rather than relying on home charging, which requires a stable power supply, time, and upfront infrastructure, Briz customers subscribe to a battery-swapping service. When the battery runs low, riders visit a nearby swap station, slide out the depleted battery, and click in a fully charged one. The company says the swap takes under a minute. Critically, the monthly cost of the swapping service is designed to be lower than what a rider would typically spend on gasoline, lowering the financial barrier to switching.
One of the most persistent obstacles to electric vehicle adoption in emerging markets is charging time. Early Briz models required up to five hours to recharge, a dealbreaker for riders who depend on their vehicles for daily income, but the battery-swap model sidesteps this entirely. It also removes battery degradation. Since customers are subscribing to a service rather than owning a battery outright, the often steep cost of battery replacement falls on the operator, not the individual rider.
Advantages
By targeting a vehicle category that has historically been overlooked in the electrification conversation, Briz has the potential to generate outsized climate impact. Electrifying even a fraction of the world's one billion two-wheelers, especially in regions where electricity grids are increasingly powered by renewables, could deliver meaningful reductions in transport emissions. The business model is also structured to work for people with lower and irregular incomes: the subscription pricing removes large upfront costs, and the swap infrastructure means riders aren't dependent on owning or accessing home charging equipment.
Rerun: Advanced Air Mobility, with Adam Cohen
Épisode 189
jeudi 28 mai 2026 • Durée 01:45
Impacts of Air Transportation on Climate Change
Air transportation is a major contributor to the fossil fuel economy: studies have shown that aviation is responsible for 3.5 percent of all drivers of climate change from human activities. Planes use immense amounts of kerosene—a flammable liquid used as fuel—in order to travel. When kerosene burns, it releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and black carbon. Also, planes create contrails: “line-shaped clouds produced by an airplane’s hot engine exhaust interacting with cold humid air several miles above the Earth’s surface.” These are the lines of white you see behind a plane as it flies overhead: small water particles from the plane’s engine exhaust that have frozen to become visible ice crystals. Because these are essentially clouds, when they persist past a short period of time, they have the potential to trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a warming effect with many negative climate change consequences.
Advanced Air Mobility as a Climate Solution
In order to combat these negative effects of air travel—and to keep up with increasing demand for shorter distance air travel—researchers have begun looking toward opportunities for low emission options that can be more widely applied. This concept has been coined Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), and seeks to develop transportation technologies which are: “highly automated, electrically powered, and have vertical take-off and landing capability.” One main goal of the project is to develop Urban Air Mobility (UAM) in order to connect underserved communities within cities and rural regions.
Rerun: Sequestering Carbon in Building Materials, with Dr. Sabbie Miller
Épisode 187
jeudi 21 mai 2026 • Durée 01:45
Introduction to the Solution
UC Davis researchers are examining a novel approach to combating climate change: turning our buildings into carbon sinks. The solution is based on incorporating biochar, a carbon-rich material obtained from plant material, into common construction materials like concrete, brick, and asphalt. By embedding carbon directly into long-lasting infrastructure, this approach reduces atmospheric CO₂ and also transforms one of the most carbon-intensive industries in the world into a tool for climate mitigation.
Background: How Carbon Storage in Building Materials Works
Biochar is created through pyrolysis, a process involving heating organic material, such as crop residues or wood waste, in a low-oxygen environment. This process locks in carbon that plants absorb during photosynthesis and prevents it from being re-released into the atmosphere through decay or burning.
The research team at UC Davis, headed by Professor Sabbie Miller and Dr. Elisabeth Van Roijen, proposes the use of biochar as a partial replacement for the materials in concrete and other construction compounds. Since more than 20 billion tons of concrete are produced every year by the construction sector, substituting 10% of that with biochar-based mixtures could store up to 1 gigaton of CO₂ annually, or the equivalent yearly emissions from Japan.
Unlike temporary carbon storage methods, like soil burial, embedding biochar in durable infrastructure ensures long-term sequestration, potentially spanning decades or even centuries. It also leverages the global scale of construction as a medium for climate action.
Advantages of This Solution
Apart from net carbon emissions reduction, the introduction of biochar-enriched building materials has tangible engineering benefits. It has been found that the addition of biochar can enhance thermal insulation, fire resistance, and durability in some uses. The process also fits well within the circular economy principles because of the organic waste used and reduced need for virgin materials.
Because construction is already a high-volume, resource-intensive industry, integrating biochar into existing supply chains could make climate-positive practices scalable and economically viable without requiring dramatic infrastructure overhauls. Equally important, this solution provides dual benefits: supporting both carbon sequestration and the development of sustainable materials.
Rerun: Clean Trucks, with Ruben Aronin
Épisode 167
jeudi 14 mai 2026 • Durée 01:45
What does a zero-emission vehicle really mean?
Clean transportation policies promoting sustainability have progressed over the years and have become even more important, both because transportation represents the largest portion of greenhouse gas emissions and because climate change has been accelerating at unprecedented rates. The public is likely more familiar with zero-emission cars, but zero-emission trucks are also becoming an integral part of mitigating climate and other environmental impacts.
Transportation-based pollution
The transportation industry as a whole has been the biggest source of greenhouse gasses over the time period since the Industrial Revolution. Impacts of emissions associated with transportation include harm to the environment as well as to human health. Trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles constitute six percent of the on-road fleet but produce up to 26 percent of transportation-based greenhouse gas emissions along with a plethora of pollutants that can cause various types of cancer, asthma, and other respiratory challenges. Diesel-fueled trucks and other large vehicles can also cause noise pollution and take an out-sized toll on road infrastructure.
Benefits of Zero-Emission Trucking
Zero-emission trucking can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and emissions of other pollutants into the environment. By one estimate, US regions could save $735 billion in public health benefits due to cleaner air and result in 1.75 million fewer asthma attacks. The Inflation Reduction Act provides incentives for the manufacturing and purchasing of zero-emission trucks. People who buy zero-emission vehicles, for example, can receive significant tax breaks, subsidies, and even discounts on road tolls. Moreover, it is common for zero-emission trucks to be exempt from vehicle dimensions and weight restrictions
Drawbacks of Clean Trucks
Although zero-emission trucks–battery electric trucks and hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks–as a whole have a lot of advantages, they still face significant challenges. For example, clean trucks may . Even with IRA incentives, clean trucks can be , although the cost of fuel and maintenance is likely less. Battery electric trucks can take up to four times longer than their diesel equivalent to charge. And even though hydrogen-operated trucks are more efficient than battery electric trucks, the US currently lacks the necessary hydrogen infrastructure to make them truly feasible.
Aronin and Zero-Emission Mobility
Who is Ruben Aronin?
Resources
Further Reading
UC Berkeley is not alone in its goals to phase out fossil fuels — both UC Davis and UC Santa Cruz — are making similar long-term plans for transitioning to renewable energy sources (University of California). Each of the individual campus’ goals align with the UC system’s new climate policy, which aims to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions across all ten campuses by 2045 (University of California).
Drawbacks
While the plan would undoubtedly make strides in UC Berkeley’s plans to reduce their carbon footprint, its success is not guaranteed. Of the $700 million required to complete the plan, UC Berkeley has currently secured $270 million (Cal Alumni Association). In order to ensure the project is seen through, pressure on campus leadership and the State of California to maintain continued funding is critical.
Sally McGarrahan oversees the Berkeley Clean Energy Campus Project at UC Berkeley’s Office of Facility Services. Before joining UC Berkeley, she held executive positions at the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, the City of San José, and the City of Oakland, where she managed large utility systems, capital programs, and public works departments.
Action can be taken on both a policy and an individual level. Local governments can take steps to help residents reduce their vulnerability to heat through heat management plans and vulnerability assessments. For example, officials can create early warning systems and urban cooling centers for individuals to find refuge. On an individual scale, when you need to go outside, taking preventive measures such as sun protection, hats, and umbrellas is vital to stay cool. Trying to stay inside as much as possible and finding refuge from the heat will help one avoid the risks of heatstroke. More educational initiatives will be vital in informing individuals on risk factors, symptoms, and treatment steps to keep people safe and informed.
During periods of extreme heat, it is important to take proper care of yourself in order to mitigate the health effects that result from high temperatures such as dehydration, heat stroke, exhaustion, and slowed cognitive function. Taking extreme heat seriously is vital, as the effects of extreme temperatures can be as serious as sudden events like heart attack or stroke. Prolonged periods of heat and humidity make your body work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature, so taking such precautions is necessary to protect yourself and your loved ones. As extreme heat-related weather events become more common, becoming accustomed to the ways you can keep yourself safe is imperative in a warming world.
If we fail to take adaptation measures on both an individual and policy level, we will be unprepared to respond to the impacts of extreme heat. As extreme heat rises in prevalence, more awareness on the ways to respond to increasingly high temperatures can help individuals adapt to such events. Currently, heat is already the weather phenomenon that kills the most people in the United States, so taking care of yourself, family, and neighbors during heat waves is essential to saving lives. For residents who do not have the resources or cooling systems in place to seek protection during a heat wave, the use of cooling centers in cities can provide short-term relief. Important to note, however, is that the increased use of cooling systems will heighten electricity costs due to increasing demand, thereby generating more greenhouse gas emissions from rising power generation. If leaks are to occur, concerns can also arise around the potential release of potent refrigerant gasses, which worsen climate change and damage the ozone layer. This creates a self-perpetuating cycle in that air conditioning is used to treat extreme temperatures, but effectively worsens the climate crisis in doing so. More innovative solutions will be necessary to curtail emissions while keeping individuals safe. Beyond individual actions during times of crisis, cities also need to help their residents respond to rising temperatures in the long-term by redesigning public spaces, planting trees to provide cooling, painting rooftops white to repel sunlight, and incorporating new cooling technologies in buildings and homes.
Dr. David Sklar is an Assistant Dean at the Arizona State University School of Medicine and Advanced Medical Engineering, is a Professor at the ASU College of Health Solutions and works as an emergency physician. Former Editor in Chief of Academic Medicine, Dr. Sklar now works as a senior advisor in health policy and health professions education at ASU Health. Dr. Sklar works to increase awareness on mitigative steps individuals can take to decrease their health risks from extreme heat events.
State and local elections are often decided by thin margins and operate on small budgets compared to federal races. So unlike at the federal level, volunteer hours, early endorsements, and targeted outreach can be incredibly effective at building support for specific candidates. Climate Cabinet’s win rate reflects this– according to Spears, the organization has won 62% of its top priority races, spanning municipal, county, and state offices.
And because state and local officials are often closer to the problems their constituents face, the case for climate action is often easier to make. A state legislator can point to lower electricity bills from renewable energy, a city council member can garner support for more efficient bus service, a utility commissioner can push for faster grid buildout. Climate action, then, becomes a direct way to lower electricity bills, improve air quality, and expand transit access.
Challenges
With hundreds of thousands of elected positions across the country, even a well-resourced organization can only engage in a fraction of the races that matter. Spears also notes the difficulty of cutting through the noise in a fractured media environment. Many of Climate Cabinet’s candidates are running for offices most voters don’t think about, such as state budget committees and utility boards– making voter outreach and name recognition an uphill battle even in favorable districts.
The political environment itself remains a structural barrier. Running for office at any level has become more difficult, with political violence on the rise and entrenched interests– fossil fuel companies and real estate developers, to name a few– actively working to block climate-friendly candidates.
Spears’ View
For Spears, the goal is to build a political environment in which supporting clean energy, affordable housing near transit, and zero-carbon transportation is the natural, low-resistance choice for any elected official.
She’s also clear-eyed about what motivates the best candidates she works with: a real commitment to their communities, not necessarily ambition for higher office. Spears is particularly focused on transportation– the largest single source of climate pollution in the U.S.-- and on finding candidates who understand that the path to zero-carbon transit looks different in each state, requiring local leadership to deliver.
About Our Guest
Caroline Spears is the founder and Executive Director of Climate Cabinet, an organization that makes local climate policy solutions actionable for policymakers. She earned her B.S. and M.S. in Atmosphere and Energy Engineering from Stanford University. Before founding Climate Cabinet, she worked in solar energy.
For a transcript please visit, climatebreak.org/backing-climate-champions-in-local-elections-with-caroline-spears/
Advantages
Litigation gives states the power to hold the federal government and companies responsible for violations of the law. By bringing cases against the federal government, states can challenge actions they believe violate environmental laws and ensure that agencies follow existing legal requirements. Lawsuits also serve as an important component of the United States' system of checks and balances, allowing courts to review government decisions and determine whether they comply with the law.
Drawbacks
Despite its potential benefits, litigation is often a slow and uncertain path to climate action. Court cases can take months or even years to reach a final resolution, particularly when they involve appeals that move through multiple levels of the judicial system. Critics also argue that major climate decisions are better addressed through elected legislatures than through the courts. While lawsuits can enforce existing laws, they cannot always provide the comprehensive policy solutions needed to reduce emissions at the scale required to address climate change.
Bonta’s Take
Attorney General Rob Bonta views litigation as one of California's most effective tools for advancing climate action and protecting environmental regulations. He argues that the courts provide a venue where disputes can be evaluated based on evidence, legal precedent, and statutory authority rather than political considerations. Through lawsuits against federal actions and fossil fuel companies, Bonta hopes to give Californians a voice in legal decisions that could affect the state's environmental future.
Bonta emphasizes that his office's role is not to pursue political objectives, but to uphold the law and the Constitution. According to Bonta, decisions about which cases to bring are guided by facts, legal analysis, and the state's responsibility to protect its residents. He argues that when government agencies or private companies violate environmental laws or mislead the public, the legal system provides an important mechanism for accountability.
About our guest
Sworn in as California’s 34th Attorney General in 2021, Rob Bonta has become a leading legal advocate for California residents. As the head of the nation’s largest state Department of Justice, he oversees efforts to protect consumers, defend civil rights, and enforce environmental laws. With a 80% case win rate in court Bonta continues to work hard to be the heart of California’s legal justice.
For a transcript, please visit climatebreak.org/advancing-climate-solutions-through-legal-action-with-rob-bonta/
Drawbacks and Critiques
A constraint of passive radiative cooling is that the material may need to be redesigned for different climates, as Dr. Zhu acknowledges. Temperature swings and humidity in different regions require different nanoparticle structures, which is costly to implement and adjust for. This may be fine in areas near the equator where cooling demand is relatively consistent, but in seasonal climates like Russia, Canada, or the U.S., radiative cooling solutions run the risk of overcooling.
Another drawback could be the varying and longer payback times from saved energy costs that has the potential to deter building owners from using the technology. For example, vehicle payback is under six months, while building applications take two to three years. This has the potential to deter building owners from using the technology.
Dr. Martin Zhu is the Co-Founder and CEO of i2Cool, a company specializing in electricity-free cooling technology. He focuses on commercializing passive radiative cooling technology, reaching more than 30 countries.
For a transcript, please visit climatebreak.org/zero-energy-cooling-with-martin-zhu/
Drawbacks and Critiques
The battery-swap model works well in cities and dense corridors with swap station coverage, however it creates real limitations for long-distance travel. Riders venturing beyond the swap network face the same range anxiety that affects all battery electric vehicles. Expanding station infrastructure into rural and peri-urban areas will be essential and expensive if the model is to reach its full potential.
Safety is another concern. Battery swap stations concentrate large numbers of lithium-ion cells in a single location, creating a fire risk. One Energy says its stations are equipped with automatic fire-extinguishing systems designed to respond to any battery fire before it can spread, but the risk is worth monitoring as the network scales.
Kevin To's Perspective
Kevin To, CEO of One Energy (HK) Limited, brings the operator's view to the challenge of electrifying the world's most common vehicle. His company's approach of supplying affordable hardware, subscription-based battery access, and a focus on markets where two-wheelers are a necessity rather than a lifestyle choice reflects a pragmatic bet that climate solutions need to make economic sense for the people adopting them, not just for investors or policymakers.
About Kevin To
Kevin To is the CEO of One Energy (HK) Limited, the parent company behind the Briz brand of light electric vehicles. Based in Hong Kong, he leads the company's efforts to bring affordable, battery-swappable electric two-wheelers to mass markets across Asia and beyond.
For a transcript, please visit climatebreak.org/electric-two-wheelers-with-kevin-to/
Ideally, Advanced Air Mobility will be an environmental improvement because it will use cleaner forms of energy to fuel the transportation, from electricity to hydrogen. According to Adam Cohen of UC Berkeley’s Transportation Sustainability Research Center, there are several different potential uses for the cleaner energy technology, including air taxi services, small package delivery, emergency services, or aeromedical use cases. Airports in particular are confronting a lot of demands for power—both in terms of aviation and ground vehicles—which electric fueled AAM may be able to help fulfill. In terms of hydrogen power, Cohen says manufacturers are testing and have prototypes for a hydrogen aircraft in the hopes that hydrogen will be an entry point for more sustainable flight in the future.
Challenges of Implementation
AAM is still in its early stages of development, and has yet to be implemented in a real way. In order for this to occur, its innovators need to place safety and integration at the forefront, ensuring passenger and cargo safety, as well as minimal disruption to current air traffic pathways. Further, it will be necessary to ensure some level of equitable access in terms of both convenience and cost across groups of people. Ultimately, AAM hopes to be a step in the direction toward clean energy in the aviation sector, encouraging policies and technologies in line with sustainable goals.
About our guest
Adam Cohen is a transportation thought leader, consultant, and shared mobility researcher at the Transportation Sustainability Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley. Since joining the group in 2004, his research has focused on innovative urban mobility solutions, including shared mobility, smart cities technologies, smartphone apps, urban air mobility, and other emerging technologies.
The approach faces several scientific and logistical obstacles despite such a promising premise. Producing biochar requires energy in quite significant quantities, with sourcing biomass at large scales risking unforeseen ecological impacts such as nutrient depletion or habitat disruption. Some critics even ask whether its broad adoption might inadvertently encourage the removal of older buildings in favor of the construction of newer, carbon-storing ones, offsetting any climate gains.
Another factor is the life cycle of the biochar-infused materials themselves. While they can store carbon for decades, it remains undetermined how these materials at the end of a building's life are to be managed to avoid re-release of CO₂. Future policy frameworks and recycling technologies will be required to address these challenges if there is to be long-term effectiveness.
About the Guest
Dr. Sabbie Miller is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Davis. Her research focuses on sustainable infrastructure materials, life-cycle assessment, and reducing the environmental footprint of the construction industry.
In addition, hydrogen trucks, when fully charged, have a range that is about 500 miles and battery electric… [about] 180 to 250. By comparison, a diesel truck running a full load can have a range of roughly 1000 to 1200 miles. Because the sustainable alternatives are heavier, they actually would end up carrying less and more trucks would be needed to do the same amount of work as a single diesel-powered truck could, increasing operational costs and decreasing efficiency.
Ruben Aronin is working to pave a path towards zero-emission mobility in the United States (especially California) with his team at Better World Group. They have worked to support multiple policies, including the Advanced Clean Truck Rule which is a significant part of California’s zero-emission truck policy. That rule mandates that manufacturers–provided with four years of lead time–increase electric truck vehicle sales every year from 2025. Additionally, it promotes a 100% sales requirement of zero-emission trucks by 2036.
Mr. Aronin believes that the Advanced Clean Truck Rule along with another policy, called the Advanced Clean Fleet Rule, will enable the quickest transitions to zero-emission trucks, particularly in the most pollution-burdened communities. His coalition includes the Teamsters and others to help ensure labor and environmental justice support. He also recognizes that it is often economically difficult or unfeasible for companies and individuals to purchase zero-emission trucks. To this end, tax credits and investments from the federal IRA and IAJ are essential. As the market grows, Mr. Aronin says that the price of the electric truck components and batteries are decreasing at a rapid pace.
Ruben Aronin, current principal of The Better World Group, acts to advance clean transportation policies. He joined the BWG in 2012 and currently helps to lead BWG’s advanced transportation project work. Aronin has previously created and implemented effective environmental policy initiatives to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy in over a dozen states across the country (including California).
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