The "After the Fact" team provides data and expert analysis on the biggest challenges facing society today. We go behind the scenes with experts, examine solutions pointing the way forward, and feature people and stories that bring data points to life.

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Stat: 13%: The average five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer patients in 2024, according to the American Cancer Society. This is compared to a 90% average five-year survival rate for people diagnosed with breast cancer.

Story: Scientists have made tremendous progress on cancer research to improve patient survival rates. But challenges still exist because some cancers can suddenly become unaffected by treatment. 

In this episode, Christina Towers, a cancer cell biologist from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, explains how cancer cells can adapt their metabolic processes—through a mechanism she studies called autophagy—to resist drug therapies. She discusses how her research studying this process could lead to new approaches to prevent and control a cancer's resistance to treatment—and, ultimately, save lives. And as the first Black faculty member at Salk, Towers shares how her mantra, "Honored to be first but refuse to be the last," guides her efforts to increase diversity across the scientific community. 

Stat: 60%: The share of Americans who say they're very concerned about the cost of housing.

 Story:  In just a few years, from 2019 to 2022, the national median sale price for a single-family home increased by 25%. And the rising costs of buying and maintaining a house has 60% of Americans concerned. Is the American Dream of homeownership out of reach for many?

In this episode of "Housing in America," Richard Fry, an expert at the Pew Research Center, talks about the current trends in housing, like where people live, housing availability, and homeownership rates, as well as other factors that contribute to the complex housing landscape that Americans face today.

Story: "After the Fact" is sharing a couple more fan favorites as we close out 2019. This week, Ray Suarez, guest host of our "Future of Learning" series and a former broadcaster, selected an episode (No. 46) that focuses on how location can affect an individual's economic prospects.

Stat: 68 million: The number of Americans who say they have no religious affiliation as of , compared with 39 million in 2009.

Story: This episode focuses on Americans' views of religion and the generational changes that are taking place. Greg Smith of the Pew Research Center shares an update on the changing religious landscape, and host Dan LeDuc talks to a mother and daughter about their evolving religious paths.

Stat: 100 feet: At nearly 100 feet in length, blue whales are the largest animal ever known to have existed on Earth. 

Story: Blue whales are big but they're not invulnerable, often falling victim to strikes by ships in the northern India Ocean. Asha de Vos, a Pew marine fellow who founded Sri Lanka's first marine conservation research and education organization, tells us about the beauty of blue whales and their importance to the health of the ocean.

Stat:  94.7 million—It is estimated that the number of Americans ages 65 and older will nearly double from 49.2 million in 2016 to 94.7 million by 2060.

Story: In this final episode of the Future of Learning series, we explore the aging mind, including how brains change over the years, how to stimulate the mind, and which traits can be found in "superagers."

Stat: 65 percent of all jobs in the American economy today will require postsecondary education and training.

Story: School may be over for most workers in America's economy, but the need to learn continues. In the third part of our series "The Future of Learning," we hear how some individuals are learning new skills for tomorrow's workforce and talk with experts about what's needed to stay ahead of the curve.

Stat: 30 percent. The amount of jobs worldwide that could become automated by 2030.
Story: In part two of our series on learning, join guest host Ray Suarez as he interviews teachers and experts about the evolving classroom and how teachers are trying to prepare students to be flexible, motivated, and lifelong learners to prepare for jobs that haven't been invented yet.

Stat: 86 billion. The human brain has at least 86 billion neurons.

Story: Breakthroughs in neuroscience and technology have given us a peek into the human mind, yet we have much to discover about how our brains actually learn new things. In the first part of our new series, you'll travel with guest host Ray Suarez to the Brainwave Learning Center, a partnership with Stanford University, where scientists are measuring students' brain waves to see what happens as they learn to read and gain other skills.

Story: In this special series on learning, guest host Ray Suarez will examine the latest developments in neuroscience and cognitive psychology, explore workforce trends, and share inspiring stories from people on the journey to becoming lifelong learners.

Stat: 1 million—the number of Americans who default on student loan payments each year.

Story: More Americans are seeking higher education, which means more people are taking on—and struggling with—student loan debt. For one first-generation college graduate, the complex repayment system proved overwhelming. We share her story and talk to Chronicle of Higher Education reporter Eric Kelderman and Pew researcher Sarah Sattelmeyer about key challenges and potential solutions to help keep borrowers on track.

Stat: 130. Opioid use disorder is responsible for approximately 130 overdose deaths a day in America.

Story:  One of the biggest health threats facing Americans today is opioid use disorder, with an overdose-related death occurring every 11 minutes. In this rebroadcast of a conversation at Pew with Surgeon General Jerome M. Adams, learn more about this public health challenge and how we can save lives.

Rising rents, escalating home prices, and limited housing supply. They are some of the forces pushing the American Dream of homeownership out of reach for many.

Increasingly, there is bipartisan support to find a way forward. In this season, After the Fact explores these trends and the challenges individuals and families face in finding housing that's affordable and accessible . We also speak with experts and policymakers who are trying to help more people find a place to call home.

100 million—The number of people infected each year by a disease transmitted through a mosquito bite.

Story: In our latest "Scientists at Work" episode, 2015 Pew biomedical scholar Lindy McBride discusses her research on one of the peskiest and deadliest insects on the planet: the mosquito. Listen in as we learn the facts about mosquitoes and why you may be more susceptible than other people to their bites.

Story: Our final installment of "After the Fact" fan favorites comes via the West Coast. Steven Bliss of the Public Policy Institute of California selected our first podcast, on the state of the American Dream. Researcher Erin Currier describes the financial hardships facing many families at a time when most people are just happy to make ends meet rather than move up the economic ladder (Episode 1).

Story: "After the Fact" fan favorites continue in August with our second selection. This week, Fred Dews, host of "Brookings Cafeteria," chose our episode on the plight of endangered sharks and some of their unlikely champions (Episode 32). South African Paralympian Achmat Hassiem and Pew's Debbie Salamone were attacked by sharks but now are advocates for their conservation.

Story: "After the Fact" has asked a few special guests to share their favorite episodes of the podcast throughout August. This week, Elaine Bowman, vice president of human resources for The Pew Charitable Trusts, picked our conversation on deepfakes (Episode 47) with Berkeley Professor Hany Farid (formerly of Dartmouth College) as her favorite.

Story: This month, "After the Fact" has asked a few special guests to share their favorite episodes of the podcast. Tune in throughout August to hear some of these "fan favorites" from our archives.

Stat: 80,000. Chilean Patagonia has more than 80,000 kilometers of coastline, the longest in the world.

Story: In the latest installment of our "Scientists at Work" series, Pew marine fellow Vreni Häussermann talks about Chilean Patagonia's diverse ecosystem. The region is a near-pristine wilderness like no other—but this mostly unexplored wilderness is at risk. Häussermann hopes her research will help support efforts to secure a sustainable future for Chilean Patagonia and the marine life in its fjords.

Stat: 96 percent. Nearly all of America's hospitals used electronic health records as of 2017, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Story: Your medical records have gone digital—a change that promises to make health care more efficient and accessible. But as with any technology, there are glitches. Files could be mismatched, and a typo could lead to a dosing error. In this episode, hear how doctors and experts are working to make electronic health records safer and easier to use.

Stat: 18. At least 18 British colonies existed in North America during the American Revolution—but, as we know, only 13 signed the Declaration of Independence.

Story:
In honor of the Fourth of July, join "After the Fact" on an audio tour of key historic places in the city known as the Birthplace of America—Philadelphia. Temple University history professor Jessica Roney shares insights about America's Founding Fathers and illuminates the lesser-known history behind the formation of the United States.

Mangrove forests are natural protectors, shielding coasts from storms, sheltering species, and soaking up carbon. Reversing the decline of these habitats isn't just a science—it's an art, says marine biologist Octavio Aburto. He uses his camera along with high-resolution satellite imagery to assess real-time changes in mangrove coverage—and to reveal the amazing hidden marine life of these critical ecosystems.

Stat: 93. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. estimates 93 percent of marine fisheries worldwide are fished at or beyond sustainable catch levels.

Story: A large part of overfishing is driven by subsidies—most of which go to large-scale fishing fleets from industrialized nations. We learn about how subsidies can alter the economics of fishing from Pew's Isabel Jarrett and researcher Rashid Sumaila. And we travel to Senegal to hear from local fishers on the impact to their communities.

Story: Over most of last year, "After the Fact" looked at how people are restoring and building community at a time when the nation is divided and exhausted. From faith leaders to community activists, and from academics to policymakers, we found rich voices who offered stories of people coming together. At a time of division, they showed that unity is possible—and, in fact, is happening in many places, probably even near you. As the new year begins, this special episode shares reflections from these change-makers and maybe even offers you a chance to become one of them.

Stat: 46. The percentage of American adults who worry that they will not be able to live comfortably in retirement.

Story: After all the hard work and child rearing, do Americans get to finally relax and retire with some financial stability? Research shows the golden age of retirement doesn't always shine. Hear why in the final episode of our series on the American family, which features two retirees' stories, and expert analysis from John Scott, who directs retirement savings work at Pew.

Stat: $233,610. The cost of raising a child through age 17 for a middle-class American family, not including a college education.

Story: From diapers to day care and beyond, it's getting more expensive to raise a family in the U.S. And just keeping up with daily costs makes saving for a rainy day or retirement all the harder. We speak with three families about what it takes to make it work—and what keeps them up at night.

Stat: 86. The percentage of women ages 40-44 who are mothers, compared with 80 percent in 2006, according to a Pew Research Center analysis.
Story: American women are waiting longer to have children—but are more likely to have kids than they were a decade ago. Also, 1 in 4 parents living with a child is not married. In this episode, a Pew researcher explains the data behind this change in the American family, and we meet two moms who share why they waited.

Stat: 7. On average, Americans are waiting nearly seven years longer to get married than they did in 1968, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Story: Does putting off marriage mean people no longer want to say "I do?" To learn more about this trend, we spoke to couples who are waiting to wed—in the first installment of our four-part series on today's American family. Marriage historian Stephanie Coontz also offers insights.

Story: The American family is changing. We explore how over the next four episodes, taking you into the lives of American families through conversations at kitchen tables, in workplaces, and even in the family car on the way to after-school pickup. Host Dan LeDuc also speaks with researchers about the data and trends on these informative and inspiring stories.

Stat: 20 percent. The share of Americans who find the concept of machines doing most human jobs in the future extremely realistic.

Story: Will robots take our jobs? They'll need a key human skill first—the ability to think. To find out just how near such a future is, we visited Ashley J. Llorens, chief of the Intelligent Systems Center at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. There, researchers are bridging the gap between machines programmed by humans and those that can teach themselves.

Stat: 48%—Almost half the members of Generation Z—age 22 or younger—are racial or ethnic minorities.

Story: Step aside, Millennials. There's a new, younger group out there: Generation Z, which includes anyone born after 1996. To learn more about this generation, we sat down with Kim Parker, director of social trends research at the Pew Research Center. Listen in to hear about Gen Z's social, cultural, and political inclinations, and what this might mean for the future.

Stat: 844 million. The amount of people worldwide who lack even a basic drinking-water service, according to the World Health Organization.

Story: For many of us, it can be easy to take water for granted. Turn on the tap and it's there. But today, the world faces a tipping point, with water security—having sufficient access to safe water for our daily lives—at risk. Listen in as our guest, Sandra Postel, discusses the challenges and shares options for fixing our broken water cycle.

Stat: 40%—Across Africa, the number of giraffes has declined by 40 percent since 1979.

Story: Giraffes are dying, and experts are trying to figure out why. Host Dan LeDuc speaks to two giraffe experts, ecologist David O'Connor and researcher Jenna Stacy-Dawes of the San Diego Zoo, who are trying to learn more about these mysterious animals and help giraffes rebound.

Stat: 1919—the year President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill establishing the Grand Canyon as a national park.

Story: The Grand Canyon was dedicated as a national park 100 years ago. This anniversary commemorates the canyon's legacy, but it has been around longer than that—at least 6 million years. Our host explores the beauty of this natural wonder with Wayne Ranney, a geologist who has spent his career studying the canyon. Listen in for a historical journey through this iconic landscape.

Stat: 57%: The percentage of Americans who believe that partisan conflicts receive too much attention these days.

Story: A majority of Americans say partisan fighting gets too much attention while important issues facing the country get too little. In the final episode of our season on polarization, Utah Governor Spencer Cox says elected officials can do better at bridging our political divides. He is chair of the National Governors Association and leads an initiative called Disagree Better* that is aimed not at ending disagreements, but in improving dialogue, building understanding, and respectfully listening to others. We also hear from Columbia University's Peter T. Coleman about how we arrived at this level of polarization.

*The Pew Charitable Trusts is a funder of the Disagree Better initiative.

Stat: 100. More than half of children born in developed countries today will reach the age of 100.

Story: If you knew you would live to 100, what would you do differently? Increasing longevity will expand and shift the traditional phases of life, according to London Business School professor Andrew Scott. In his conversation with host Dan LeDuc, he describes the challenges and opportunities facing individuals and society as life expectancy continues to rise.

Stat: 57 percent of social media news consumers expect what they see there to be largely inaccurate.

Story: The rise of deepfakes—realistic fake videos made with artificial intelligence software—is beginning to make sorting fact from fiction even harder. In an interview with Dartmouth Professor Hany Farid, a digital forensics expert who advises governments and the media on how to meet this growing threat, we discuss the implications for people and societies when we can't necessarily believe what we see.

Stat: 50. The percentage of American children today who will grow up to earn more than their parents did.

Story: That's down from over 90 percent for children born in the 1940s and its says a lot about the current state of the American Dream. John Friedman, who's a leader of Opportunity Insights which is working to help people get out of poverty, says the opportunity to move up the economic ladder depends a lot on where you live and even who your kindergarten teacher was. He speaks with host Dan LeDuc about what factors can improve kids' chances of success.

Stat: Four in 10 Americans say technology has improved their lives most in the past 50 years.

Story: To end 2018, we look ahead at the promise of new technologies, which also bring challenges for societies. To understand the issues, we speak to Arati Prabhakar, former director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. From artificial intelligence to neurotechnology, she notes the "dazzling" new capabilities emerging and the thorny considerations they bring.

Stat: 21. The number of African countries where manatees live.

Story: If you've ever seen a manatee, chances are you were in Florida, where these aquatic relatives of the elephant may have poked their faces above the water's surface to get a look at you. But this episode's guest studies manatees few have ever seen—the African species that live in remote, murky waters. Host Dan LeDuc talks to 2017 Pew marine fellow Lucy Keith-Diagne about what makes these creatures so fascinating—and the threats facing them.

Stat: 39 percent. That's how many Americans say they are highly religious.

Story: When asked about their religion, most Americans identify with a traditional faith: Christianity, Judaism, Islam. But the Pew Research Center recently looked beyond familiar classifications and analyzed patterns of American beliefs and behaviors across many faiths. Host Dan LeDuc talks with one of the authors of this analysis, Rich Morin, about how the researchers created this religious typology and what each of the seven types means.

Stat: $764 billion. That's how much the arts contribute to the U.S. economy each year.
Story: The creative process for artists can seem mysterious—what sparks an artist's initial idea and how does that idea become reality? Host Dan LeDuc talks to Pew Arts Fellow, and Pulitzer Prize- and Grammy Award-winning classical composer Jennifer Higdon about her creative process, and also interviews Paula Marincola from the Pew Center for Arts & Heritage about supporting the arts.

Stat: 61 percent. That's how many voters say they're enthusiastic about voting in November.

Story: Traditionally, voters don't flock to the polls for the midterm elections. But this year, the Pew Research Center has found that voters are more enthusiastic about voting than at any point during midterms in the past two decades. Why is that and what's on voters' minds? In this episode, Dan LeDuc talks with the center's director of political research, Carroll Doherty, who will share his insights from the polling data.

Stat: 7 out of 10 babies born in London have at least one parent who wasn't.
Story: London is on track to exceed 9 million people in three years and most of the new babies there have at least one foreign-born parent. One area in particular is emblematic of these changing world demographics: Brixton. Host Dan LeDuc went for a walk there with Ben Rogers and Denean Rowe from the Centre for London to see up close how it's evolving from a quintessential South London neighborhood into a dense, multicultural hub.

Stat: 70 percent. That's how many children now born in London have at least one foreign-born parent.

Story: In many ways, the metropolis of London is a microcosm of what's happening around the globe. People move across borders and flock to urban centers, causing their newfound homes to evolve and adapt. How are global demographic trends affecting and changing our world? To learn, host Dan LeDuc talks with Mark Hugo Lopez, director of global migration and demography research at the Pew Research Center.

Stat: 79%: The share of Americans who believe access to the internet and social media has made people more divided in their political opinions. 
Story: Social media plays a significant role in society, but data shows that most Americans believe it negatively affects our democracy and contributes to polarization. In this episode of "Beyond Polarization," we hear how high school senior Eli Tillemann is helping his classmates learn how to embrace diversity of opinions. We also speak with Heidi Hernandez Gatty from Dialectic, an organization that is working with students and others to help promote respectful dialogue.  

Stat: 7 in 10. That's how many Americans say that debt is a necessity, even though they prefer not to have it.

Story: Ten years after the global financial crisis, we explore Americans' relationship with debt, and interview Dave Ramsey, the host of his own syndicated radio show, who talks to some 13 million listeners each week about how they can overcome financial setbacks and build wealth. Ramsey shares his thoughts about why so many Americans are in debt today, why they're not stuck, and the key to breaking the cycle.

Stat: Four. That's how many letters in the DNA alphabet make up every living thing.

Story: How does genetic information transmit across generations? While trying to find out, scientists Craig Mello and Andrew Fire quite by accident made a discovery in 1998 that would earn them a Nobel Prize—and pave the way for the first drug to take on harmful genes. Pew's Dan LeDuc talks with Mello about science's surprises.

Additional audio licensed for use by the Nobel Foundation. All rights reserved. © Nobel Media 2006

Stat: North Atlantic cod have nearly tripled since 2006 to 118,000 tons.
Summary: Overfishing has strained most global fish stocks. But the European Union has made progress bringing back one popular species: North Atlantic cod. The flaky white fish—a British staple when battered and served with chips—has rebounded after plummeting to critically low levels in the late 2000s. In this episode, we go to one of London's oldest fish and chips restaurants and learn how quotas can be used to help other stocks recover.