In this episode of ABA On Call, Rick and Doug sit down with doctoral student Christina Sena from the University of Pittsburgh to explore how ethical principles guide mentorship, clinical decision-making, and professional development in Applied Behavior Analysis. The conversation spans three critical areas: the ethics of mentorship and what it truly means to guide another professional beyond mere supervision; the ethical implications of using or rejecting punishment and extinction, highlighting the analyst's duty to understand behavioral processes while safeguarding dignity, consent, and least-restrictive practice; and finally, the BACB's decision to exclude podcasts from supervised fieldwork hours, which raises broader questions about how evolving technologies challenge traditional standards of evidence, accountability, and ethical oversight in training the next generation of practitioners.

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This episode of ABA On Call features an engaging discussion with Jennifer Shahin and Nicole Lockerman, co-founders of Social Wise VR, a company pioneering the use of immersive virtual reality to teach social skills. Drawing from backgrounds in applied behavior analysis and education, the guests describe how outdated methods, such as worksheets and role-plays, often fail to generalize to real-life contexts. Social Wise VR addresses this challenge by providing realistic, actor-driven scenarios in controlled VR environments, allowing learners to safely practice social interactions, build confidence, and experience the natural consequences of different choices. The conversation explores the development journey, the integration of ABA principles and curriculum design, expansion into workplace and safety scenarios, and the future of VR and AR technologies in behavioral intervention. This dialogue highlights the potential of technology to bridge critical gaps in social skills training for individuals with autism and beyond.

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Show Notes:

https://www.socialwisevr.com/

In the season finale of ABA On Call, hosts Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz dive into the critical role of graphs in applied behavior analysis. They examine common pitfalls in graph construction and their implications for data interpretation and decision-making. The episode highlights best practices for creating effective, accurate visual data representations that enhance communication and uphold scientific integrity. With a focus on improving graphing standards, this episode helps ABA practitioners ensure their visual analyses accurately convey the stories their data tell.

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This episode explores pivotal concepts in behavioral research inspired by the seminal text "Strategies and Tactics of Behavioral Research." Key topics include a critical examination of the "Null Hypothesis Game," the challenges of defining and measuring behavior using operational definitions, and the importance of focusing on environmental variables over internal causes. The discussion emphasizes scientific rigor and practical insights for behavior analysts, offering valuable perspectives for enhancing research design and practice. Whether you're an experienced professional or new to the field, this episode encourages a deeper understanding of the science of behavior.

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Show Notes 

In the October 2024 episode of "ABA On Call," hosts Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz engage in an insightful conversation with Kathy Fox, principal of Morningside Academy. Kathy discusses the unique model of Morningside, a lab school in Seattle that integrates behavior science, precision teaching, and direct instruction to support students who are behind academically or in learning skills. She shares the challenges of working with students who have had negative school experiences and the importance of reshaping their perceptions of learning. The discussion highlights the critical role of staff training and the innovative Morningside Teacher's Academy, where educators and behavior analysts learn to implement the Morningside model through intensive summer programs. Kathy also emphasizes the power of measurement and coaching in supporting both students and teachers, making behavior change more manageable and sustainable in educational settings​

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Show Notes 

https://morningsideacademy.org/

This episode of ABA on Call features Dr. Bobby Newman discussing his book "First Responders and People Diagnosed on the Autism Spectrum: What Each Needs to Know About the Other." Dr. Newman explores the challenges faced by first responders when interacting with individuals on the autism spectrum and provides strategies to improve these interactions. The discussion covers common misunderstandings, the importance of training for both first responders and individuals with autism, and resources available to support better outcomes in crisis situations. This content is crucial for behavior analysts working with individuals on the autism spectrum, as it provides insights into preparing clients for potential interactions with first responders and offers guidance on collaborating with emergency services to ensure safer outcomes. 

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In this episode of ABA On Call, Doug Kostowicz Ph.D. BCBA-D and Richard M. Kubina Ph.D. BCBA-D delve into B.F. Skinner's novel Walden Two. They explore the book's depiction of a utopian society guided by behaviorist principles, discussing its implications for contemporary behavior analysis. The hosts offer a balanced perspective, recognizing the book's controversial reception and its significance in understanding the potential scope and limitations of behavior analysis in shaping human environments. Listeners are encouraged to reflect on the novel's ideas and contribute feedback for future discussions. 

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Show Notes 

References and Resources: 

• Dinello, D. (2019). Children of men. Author.  https://doi.org/10.504/9781800850576 

• Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan. 

• Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden Two. New York: Macmillan. 

This podcast episode explores the application of ABA in school settings with expert DeMuesy, MEd, BCBA, COBA.  The discussion covers the evolving roles of BCBAs in schools, from Tier 3 interventions to broader Tier 1 and Tier 2 supports. Ron shares his experiences and strategies for working effectively with school staff and administrators to implement behavior analytic practices. Practical insights for behavior analysts aiming to work in educational settings are highlighted. 

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Show Notes 

Kohn, A. (1993, September). Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A's, Praise, and Other Bribes. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 

Resources:  

Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI). (n.d.). CPI's Non-Violent Crisis Intervention Training Program. Retrieved from https://www.crisisprevention.com/our-programs/nonviolent-crisis-intervention/ 

MANDT System. (n.d.). MANDT System: A Comprehensive Approach to Crisis Management. Retrieved from https://www.mandtsystem.com/ 

Ohio Department of Education. (n.d.). Licensure and Certification. Retrieved from https://sboe.ohio.gov/educator-licensure 

Registered Behavior Technician (RBT) Credential. (n.d.). RBT Task List. Retrieved from https://www.bacb.com/rbt/?topic=rbt-examination - rbtResourceCarousel 

National Association of School Psychologists. (n.d.). ESSA and Multi-Tiered Systems of Support for school psychologists. Retrieved from https://www.nasponline.org/research-and-policy/policy-priorities/relevant-law/the-every-student-succeeds-act/essa-implementation-resources/essa-and-mtss-for-school-psychologists 

National Center on Response to Intervention. (n.d.). Essential Components of RTI. Retrieved from https://mtss4success.org/resource/essential-components-rti-closer-look-response-intervention 

In this episode of ABA On Call, hosts Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz answer listener questions about precision teaching and reinforcement strategies. They discuss practical solutions for common challenges faced by behavior analysts, such as difficulties in reaching fluency criteria and ensuring effective use of reinforcers. The episode provides valuable insights and practical advice for behavior analysts looking to improve their practice. 

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Show Notes 

• Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2017). BCBA task list (5th ed.). Littleton, CO: Author. 

• Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2020). Ethics code for behavior analysts. https://bacb.com/wp-content/ethics-code-for-behavior-analysts/ 

• Engelmann, S. (1992). Theory of instruction: Principles and applications. ADI Press. 

• Kohn, A. (1999). Punished by rewards: The trouble with gold stars, incentive plans, A's, praise, and other bribes. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 

Resources: 

• CentralReach website: https://centralreach.com 

This episode of ABA On Call features Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz discussing the book "Misbelief" by Dan Ariely. The conversation delves into the psychological and behavioral underpinnings of why rational people believe irrational things, exploring various conspiracy theories and the impact of social media on spreading these beliefs. The hosts emphasize the importance of compassionate care and understanding when addressing individuals dominated by misbeliefs. This course offers valuable insights for behavior analysts on how to apply behavioral principles to understand and mitigate the effects of misbeliefs.

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Show Notes 

References: 

• Ariely, D. (2023). Misbelief: What Makes Rational People Believe Irrational Things. HarperCollins Publishers. 

Resources: 

• Dan Ariely's Official Website 

• CentralReach 

Exploration of the mind from a behavior analytic perspective, contrasting with broader psychological views. Discussion includes theoretical considerations and practical implications for behavior analysts. 

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Show Notes 

References and Resources: 

• Gray, P. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). Worth Publishers. 

• Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. Macmillan. 

• Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press. 

• Neil deGrasse Tyson's discussions on the specialness of human existence, as referenced in public lectures. 

In this engaging episode of ABA On Call, Manny Rodriguez, DBA, BCBA delves into the rich field of Organizational Behavior Management, offering valuable insights on enhancing workplace performance, employee training, and the influence of leadership through behavior analysis. This conversation not only illuminates OBM strategies but also provides practical applications for behavior analysts looking to extend their practice into organizational settings.  

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Rick and Doug are joined by Dr. Jen Wertalik of Georgia Southern University and Dr. Pam Wolfe, retired from Penn State University, to discuss their groundbreaking new book on sexuality education for individuals with disabilities. The conversation explores why sexuality education is essential, the heightened risks of abuse faced by this population, and how comprehensive instruction extends far beyond physiology to include relationships, self-advocacy, and decision-making. The guests highlight both the challenges and opportunities of preparing teachers, parents, and caregivers to navigate an often-taboo topic with empirical, practical strategies. Listeners will come away with a deeper understanding of how sexuality education empowers individuals with disabilities to live safer, more fulfilling lives.

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Show Notes:

Coming Soon!

The Season 6 Premiere of ABA On Call, led by Rick Kubina, Ph.D. BCBA-D and Doug Kostowicz, Ph.D. BCBA-D explores Skinner's major contributions to behavior analysis measurement, focusing on rate of response and the cumulative response recorder. It emphasizes the role of these concepts in understanding and applying behavior analysis effectively, highlighting the significance of standardized measurements and visual displays for meaningful behavioral data interpretation. 

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This episode explores critical thinking and the evaluation of scientific claims, with a focus on the book "Nonsense on Stilts." The discussion delves into the demarcation between hard and soft sciences, the credibility of experts, and the application of these concepts to behavior analysis.

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Show Notes

References

Pigliucci, M. (2010). Nonsense on Stilts: How to Tell Science from Bunk. University of Chicago Press. 

Join Dr. Tim Fuller in this enlightening episode of "ABA On Call" as we break down the fundamentals of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and its practical applications in behavior analysis.

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Show Notes

References

1. Harris, R. (2019). ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy (2nd ed.). New Harbinger Publications. 

2. Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35 , 639-665. 

3. Hayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition . Springer Science & Business Media. 

4. Association for Contextual Behavioral Science (ACBS). (n.d.). Retrieved from [https://contextualscience.org/] 

 In this episode of ABA on Call, Dr. Rick Kubina and Dr. Doug Kostewicz dive deeper into the topic of stimulus control. They discuss the theoretical foundations, practical implications, and historical context of stimulus control in behavior analysis. Through engaging discussions and examples, listeners will gain a comprehensive understanding of this pivotal concept in the field of behavior analysis. 

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Show Notes

References

• Sidman, M. (2008). Reflections on stimulus control. The Behavior Analyst, 31(2), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392166 

This podcast episode explores the potential of games to support neurodiverse populations. We define games and discuss their essential attributes. Examples are provided of how games have been successfully incorporated into ABA therapy for autistic individuals to build skills and engagement. We discuss the future possibilities for the nexus of games, and AI to create adaptable, empowering experiences uniquely suited to different neurotypes. Researchers see promise in using data-driven, personalized games to complement traditional interventions. 

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Show Notes

References

E. Justin Page, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBS

jpage@step1neurodiversity.com

Contact for Simcoach Games: https://www.simcoachgames.com/contact

Or Email at: info@simcoachgames.com

In the present podcast, we dive deep into the intriguing interplay between artificial intelligence and applied behavior analysis (ABA). In today's conversation, we're joined by a leading technologist Dave Stevens. We explore how A.I. might reshape the landscape of behavioral interventions. From tailored ABA programs powered by predictive algorithms to data-driven insights enhancing treatment plans, A.I. could amplify the precision and effectiveness of behavior analysis. We also discuss potential challenges and the exciting possibilities that arise when cutting-edge technology meets the science of behavior.  

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References

In this episode, we look at the transformative power of behavior analysis positioned as a selection science, in tackling prevalent educational issues. Drawing upon the profound insights from the article, "Breaking the Structuralist Barrier", we discuss the principles of selectionism and explore how the principles have been actualized in the Morningside Model of Generative Instruction, a behavioral program with remarkable results on adult literacy and children's learning and attention issues. We review Morningside curricula, analyzing their key component elements and foundational tool skills. We also dive into teaching methodologies that focus on fostering component behaviors to achieve fluency, culminating in the emergence of new and complex repertoires often with minimal instruction. 

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References 

Cognitive psychology and the Cognitive Load Theory are explained through a behavior-analytic perspective. Cognitive Load Theory posits that working memory has a limited capacity, much like a bucket that can only hold so much water before it overflows. But how does the theory fare when we delve into it through the lens of behavior analysis? In the conversation, we discuss the behavior-analytic interpretations of cognitive load, offering insights into how our environment and learning experiences can shape the way our cognitive 'bucket' gets filled. We also shed light on how educators and individuals can leverage an understanding of cognitive load from a behavior analytic standpoint to optimize learning and task performance.

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References 

"The Steep and Thorny Way to a Science of Behavior" by B.F. Skinner presents a fascinating exploration of the challenges and importance of developing a science of behavior. Skinner discusses several challenges in developing a science of behavior such as digression (defined as the tendency to get sidetracked from the study of behavior by other fields such as philosophy or theology). Additionally, Skinner raises questions about the nature and location of the observer or "knower" in relation to the organism being studied. The podcast reviews Skinner's article and provides an exploration of the challenges involved in developing a science of behavior in contemporary times.

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Show Notes

References 

https://www.scribd.com/document/245888250/Skinner-1975-the-Steep-and-Thorny-Way-to-a-Science-of-Behavior

The podcast features two professors from the University of Pittsburgh who are using their unique experiences to help people who are blind and have visual impairments. The guests share stories about their journey with disability and discuss how they use their skills and knowledge to assist those with visual impairments of blindness achieve independence. We discuss challenges faced by those living with blindness and low vision and how ABA can help (and how those with an ABA background can contribute to programming).

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Show Notes

References 

Lord, C., Charman, T., Havdahl, A., Carbone, P., Anagnostou, E., Boyd, B., Carr, T., de Vries, P. J., Dissanayake, C., Divan, G., Freitag, C. M., Gotelli, M. M., Kasari, C., Knapp, M., Mundy, P., Plank, A., Scahill, L., Servili, C., Shattuck, P., … McCauley, J. B. (2022). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism. The Lancet, 399(10321), 271–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01541-5

Resources

Results of a collaborative professional development for school staff working with students with visual impairments and challenging behavior

The effects of instructional interventions related to street crossing and individuals with disabilities

In this episode of ABA On Call, Drs. Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz delve into the cognitive psychology classic "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman. With wit and depth, they explore System 1 and System 2 thinking, cognitive biases, regression to the mean, and the law of least effort, recasting each concept through a behavioral analytic lens. Rather than dismissing the cognitive approach, Rick and Doug model respectful synthesis, showing how behavior analysts can both challenge and learn from other psychological traditions. This engaging conversation helps bridge the gap between behavior science and mainstream psychology, offering practical insights for clinicians, researchers, and curious practitioners alike.

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Show Notes:

https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman/dp/0374533555

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman

Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, is a type of learning where an unconditioned response becomes associated with a neutral stimulus and acquires the ability to elicit a response like that of the unconditioned response. Today, respondent conditioning is used in various fields, including psychology, education, and marketing. In psychology, it is used to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and other emotional disturbances. In education, respondent conditioning is used to help students learn new behaviors or habits. Overall, respondent conditioning is a powerful tool for understanding and modifying behavior, and its applications are vast and diverse. 

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Related Slides 

Science could be described as the search to understanding variability. Variability shows up in graphs and charts shows the analyst different features of the behavior. From stability to variability, understanding the sources of control and the degree to which a behavior varies is a key to understanding environment-behavior relations. The standard celeration chart permits an analyst to quantify variability as well as see it in a different light when compared to a visual display on a linear graph. 10x-ing outcomes involves examining variability on a standard ratio graph.

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Related Slides 

The Precision Teaching Implementation Manual

One of the hallmarks of visual analysis is trend. Trend refers to the direction of data as it changes across time. A trend line is often superimposed on a data set which behavior analysts then interpret. However, if the data are placed on a standard celeration chart a trend line is transformed to a celebration line. The celeration line quantified how fast a behavior is changing. The quantified line allows an objective evaluation of not only the direction but the precise numeric growth or decay rate of a behavior. Discussion surrounding the benefits to clinical work and research with a quantified trend line is discussed. 

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Related Slides

Most behavior analysts use a linear graph, meaning it has equal intervals on the horizontal and vertical axis. Ratio graphs have equal intervals on the horizontal axis but a multiple/divide axis on the vertical axis. The ratio graph permits the quantification of all behavior change features. For example, level can be quantified with different means (e.g., arithmetic, geometric) or medians. When placed on a ratio graph the metrics then can be examined with a view to ratios and multiple/divide changes as contrasted with add/subtract absolute changes. The podcast discusses the technical features of different graphs and the clinical and research functions level can have.

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Show Notes 

References 

Kubina, R. M., Ruiz, S., & Kostewicz, D. E. (2021). Quantifying function with the functional analysis celeration chart. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(3), 728-733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00426-x

Related Slides

Sports refers to activities involving exerting oneself physically in a an individual or team format to compete against oneself or others. As such sports covers many activities found in all cultures. The science of behavior has much to offer sports. ABA can enhance individual or team performance, teach game rules, open access to entry level layers, and enhance the overall enjoyment of sports. The following podcast discusses sports and interviews Kirk Kirby of TeamABA - the largest company using ABA to improve sports behaviors.

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The job market for behavior analysts in special and general education has increased greatly in the past 20 years. Behavior analysts can have a caseload, they can consult in general and special education classrooms, and can even work in administration. Behavior analysts can contribute to the IEP process in several constructive ways. Additionally, contributing to or creating a schoolwide discipline program falls in the domain of the application of a science of behavior. In this episode, we also discuss do's and don'ts of interacting with colleagues, working with a consultative model, and providing resources. 

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Show Notes

References 

Six Tips for Successful IEP Meetings – A great resource for running a productive IEP meeting. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285415291_Six_Tips_for_Successful_IEP_Meetings 

In 1993 Alfie's Kohn's Punished by Rewards (PBR) was published. The book claimed that behavioral principles and procedures manipulated people and destroyed the potential for authentic learning. The publication of PBR was met with enthusiasm by many in the educational and psychological fields. However, PBR contains many misrepresentations of positive reinforcement and punishment. Furthermore, the solutions offered in PBR are poorly aligned with robust procedures designed to change behavior proactively and reactively. The present episode discusses Kohn's treatise, highlights several claims made in the book, the impact it has had on teachers, clinicians, and businesses, as well as practical solutions for interacting with people who may be PBR adherents.

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Show Notes

Resources

Table of contents and description of Punished by Rewards

https://www.amazon.com/Punished-Rewards-Trouble-Incentive-Praise/dp/0618001816/ref=sr_1_1?gclid=CjwKCAjw3qGYBhBSEiwAcnTRLhfer5t9l7Nq2IG9SJhRxbML4x_5nescHo_OBD0wkJ5lat8LYZNImxoCw1QQAvD_BwE&hvadid=241890494106&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=1023946&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=8279962347142375846&hvtargid=kwd-96092200&hydadcr=22538_10344877&keywords=punished+by+rewards&qid=1661536611&s=books&sr=1-1

Behavior analytic review of Published by Rewards

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47177268_Punished_by_Misunderstanding_A_Critical_Evaluation_of_Kohn's_Punished_by_Rewards_and_Its_Implications_for_Behavioral_Interventions_with_Children#:~:text=Alfie%20Kohn's%20Punished%20by%20Rewards,interventions%2C%20particularly%20those%20involving%20children.

Conspiracy theories are verbal behavior that states some covert yet influential organization holds responsibility for a specific circumstance or event (e.g., the government collapsed the Twin Towers in the 9/11 attacks). Conspiracy theories have become mainstream, finding prominent adherents from politicians and news pundits to celebrities and bloggers. The conspiracy theory itself is not directly dangerous, but the advice or rule-governed behavior that proceeds can have pernicious effects. In autism treatment, the conspiracy theory that vaccines cause autism has penetrated parents and even some behavior analysts. In the following episode, we discuss the definition of conspiracy theories, provide examples in ABA, and how we can guard against them in our lives and deal with others who have them.

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Show Notes

Resources

Carl Sagan's Baloney detection kit

https://www.skeptic.com/skepticism-101/baloney-detection-kit-sandwich-infographic/

https://www.openculture.com/2016/04/carl-sagan-presents-his-baloney-detection-kit-8-tools-for-skeptical-thinking.html

Nonsense on Stilts Book

https://www.amazon.com/s?k=nonsense+on+stilts&gclid=Cj0KCQjwof6WBhD4ARIsAOi65aiDrkQY1Y3oCVwBCcC-B8ieBdbCJKsEZa4An0W3URwQ-XNwCWpDHbAaAoZjEALw_wcB&hvadid=241610844859&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9014901&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=b&hvrand=11293396151803299053&hvtargid=kwd-329572054&hydadcr=22537_10354004&tag=googhydr-20&ref=pd_sl_76g4xeqq7j_b

Clay Starlin has been a champion of effective measurement and instructional technologies. He did pioneering work in the 70s and 80s bringing precision teaching to the forefront of education. He has spent his career contributing and refining concepts and methods involved with the science of learning. Clay has recently published a book called "weaving love and science in education" that captures blending of two important comments of human society: love and science. While the two might seem disconnected, when applied to education and people they both help form the basis for a compassionate, highly effective method for teaching students and fostering incredible learning environments.

NOTE -This episode will not be eligible for CEUs.

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Show Notes - 

Link to Clay's book: https://greatnessachieved.com/collections/frontpage/products/weaving-love-and-science-into-educational-practice

Greatness Achieved Publishing Company

Weaving Love and Science into Educational Practice

Author: Clay Starlin, Ed.D. Description: For teachers, parents, or any other professional looking for the science of behavior change and learning, look no further! Weaving Love and Science into Educational Practice offers a practical, proven method for measuring behavior, understanding what the data means at a high level of precision, and suggesting ways to improve outcomes. But beyond the science involved in learning, there is love. Love may seem like a bold word to juxtapose with science but as compassionate humans dedicated to helping students of all stripes, caring, and a passion for exercising humanity is integral for meaningful change. And sandwiched in-between science and love, readers will encounter a plethora of sound interventions to support learning. This book will delight all readers who wish to use science for the betterment of their fellow humans.

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Show Notes

Resources

A Critical Review of Line Graphs in Behavior Analytic Journals

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44956391

Standards of Graph Construction in Special Education Research: A Review of their Use and Relevance

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43494-021-00053-3

In this insightful episode of ABA On Call, Rick Kubina and Doug Kostewicz tackle some of the most commonly misunderstood and misapplied concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis. From the mislabeling of reinforcement to the confusion between negative reinforcement and punishment, the hosts explore why technical accuracy matters and how misunderstanding core terms can derail effective practice. Using real-world stories, data interpretation, and even a behavioral lightning round, the episode clarifies foundational concepts like prompting, fluency, task analysis, motivation, and generalization. Whether you're a student, a supervisor, or a seasoned BCBA, you'll walk away with a deeper appreciation for precision in both language and application.

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Skinner's prolific writing focused on important theoretical and philosophical content later in his career. In his article "What's wrong with life in the Western world?" Skinner describes five practices that have corrupted contingencies of reinforcement that came about through evolution. The pleasing effects are seen in practices such as "(a) alienating workers from the consequences of their work, (b) helping those who are capable of helping themselves, (c) guiding behavior with rules rather than supplying reinforcing consequences, (d) maintaining aversive sanctions of governments and religions with long-deferred benefits for the individual, and (e) reinforcing pleasures that are not contingent on the survival of the culture or species." With modern-day technology, many of these practices are even further accelerating. Principles of behavior can change many of the deleterious effects occurring to people through western practices.

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As behavior analysts most of our discourse surrounds helping others through the lens of applied behavior analysis. But what happens when we turn the light on ourselves and look at how we unwind and enjoy hobbies? In the present episode we are joined by Dr. Justin Page who hosts The Reinforcer Podcast where he talks about hobbies and other reinforcers we adults may enjoy.

NOTE - While this episode will not be eligible for CEUs, you can still learn informative information about reinforcers for adults!

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Skepticism is an attitude of science that includes doubt and questioning behavior towards knowledge claims that lack evidence or have questionable facts. Having a skeptical repertoire guards against superstitious beliefs and a faulty understanding of the world. Parents, and even practitioners, are hurt by pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, and other false claims by (1) being swindled out of their money, (2) taken advantage of, (3) making bad life decisions, and sometimes (4) death. The following discussion defines skepticism, contrasts it with critical thinking, and describes how it fits into behavior analysis. 

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Technology is changing the world at a breathtaking pace. From wearable tech such as smartwatches, health tracking rings and bands, and smart glasses, ABA has incredible opportunities to advance behavior analysis prescriptively and reactively. Other avenues of tech that can meaningfully impact applied behavior analysis are artificial intelligence and machine learning. And last, analytics are changing the business, healthcare, and so many other sectors. Behavior analysis can also reap the rewards of analytics by focusing on many of the metrics used in contemporary behavior analysis. The discussion covers all of the previously mentioned content and discusses how ABA has and can grow in the current era of technology.

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Instructional design (ID) is the practice of systematically designing instruction to create productive, and positive learning outcomes. ID has a generic model called ADDIE which represents five critical ID components: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The present shows discusses how the ID components are important to behavior analysts. We highlight Development and Evaluation and dive into each step providing examples and a rationale for how behavior analysts can improve their practice by implementing design features into their programs.

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Creativity has a long history in psychology and definitions and explanations for the occurrence of creative behavior has great variability. Behavior analysis has approached creativity like any other behavior. First, creative behavior is defined as novel behavior. Second, the verbal community labels what is and what is not creative. Understanding the sources of control leads to some behaviors being labeled creative while others not. The current event discusses creativity from a behavioral perspective and discusses studies from Skinner to Pryor that showcase creative behavior.

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Behavioral fluency is a concept that has appeared with increasing frequency across the behavioral literature. Behavioral fluency is the term used to describe behavior that reach a quantitative frequency range and show behavioral effects such as maintenance, and generalization. Frequency building is a procedure that results in behavioral fluency. Frequency building differs from practice in its implementation and evaluation. The podcast describes frequency building and behavioral fluency in the context of behavior analysis and practice.

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Behavior analysis has used within groups design as the means for establishing functional relations and communicating scientific findings in the lab and journals. Another popular method for analyzing behavior is between groups design. The two different approaches are sometimes described as polar opposites yet each can complement one another. The different purposes and limits of each method are described and contrasted.

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Skinner long championed private events and called the ultimate understanding of them the heart of radical behaviorism. Yet private events are not well understood and sometimes viewed as a subject outside the possibility of scientific study. This current presentation shows how private events, also called inner behavior, can be studied and fits within the radical behaviorism framework.

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In this episode of ABA On Call, Rick and Doug dissect the behavioral science behind app design, revealing how tech companies use variable reinforcement schedules to hijack user behavior and drive compulsive engagement. Drawing from core principles of behavior analysis, they explore how seemingly harmless interactions, such as likes, swipes, and notifications, are systematically engineered to reinforce usage patterns. The conversation moves beyond theory into the ethical minefield of digital design, especially its impact on children, teens, and vulnerable users. With examples ranging from red-dot alerts to algorithm-driven content loops, the hosts challenge behavior analysts to confront the weaponization of reinforcement and consider their role in advocating for more ethical technology.

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Show Notes:

The science of behavior has a long distinguished history not only providing evidence of environment-behavior relations, but also discussing the subsequent implications. One of the fundamental underpinnings of behavior analysis is that behavior determined. Therefore, the concept of free will is incompatible with the evidence and theory of why organisms behave. In this episode of ABA on Call, we discuss free will and determinism and how each is regarded within behavior analysis.

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What did Skinner think of education in America? He was not impressed! In fact, he saw many problems that could be solved by the science of behavior. Join us for a deep dive into one of Skinner's important publications.

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You may have heard, "If teaching were talking, everyone could do it!" The "stages of learning" offer an organizing scheme to show learning is complex and not just the presentation of information. Join our hosts for an in-depth discussion about how learning stages help behavior analysts conceptualize, plan, and implement instructional techniques.

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2020: A Year in Review. Every year has its memories, but 2020 will go down as a year of infamy. Our hosts review three significant impacts on the field of behavior analysis, the pandemic being one of them. Our hosts also discuss the passing of three great contributors to ABA, the episode ending with some big moves at the BACB!

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